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Jeong M, Weiger C, Uriarte C, Wackowski OA, Delnevo CD. Youth attention, perceptions, and appeal in response to e-cigarette advertising features: A focus group study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 44:102789. [PMID: 38979482 PMCID: PMC11228789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background E-cigarette marketing exposure may influence vaping-related outcomes among youth, but less is known on which specific advertising features impact youth attention, perceptions, and appeal. This study qualitatively examines responses to different e-cigarette advertising features among e-cigarette-naïve youth. Methods We conducted four online focus groups in 2021 with a national U.S. sample of 13-17 year olds (n = 25) who had never used e-cigarettes. Participants viewed and discussed their reactions to different e-cigarette advertisements varying in the inclusion of ad features, including color, models in imagery, text claims targeting smokers, and the nicotine warning label. Results Participants were attracted to ads with bright colors, particularly when contrasted against a dark background. Ads featuring models attracted attention and reduced perceptions that the product is harmful. Comments indicated mixed reactions to smoker-targeted text claims. On one hand, participants perceived ads with text that specified "for smokers" as targeting older adults. On the other hand, text referring to "switching" from cigarettes to e-cigarettes led to some perceptions that the product is healthy, and certain text that implicitly referred to smoking (e.g., "no odor") had the potential to appeal to youth who wanted to use e-cigarettes discreetly. The level of attention paid to warnings depended on warning size and the color contrast between the warning and the rest of the ad. Conclusions Findings suggest specific e-cigarette ad features play an important role in attracting youth attention and influencing perceptions. More research is needed on the potential public health benefits versus unintended consequences of smoker-targeted text claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jeong
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, 303 George Street Suite 500, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Caitlin Weiger
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, 303 George Street Suite 500, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Caitlin Uriarte
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, 303 George Street Suite 500, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia A. Wackowski
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, 303 George Street Suite 500, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, 303 George Street Suite 500, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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2
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Arnold TJ, Quandt SA, Arcury TA, Talton JW, Sandberg JC, Daniel SS. Salivary Cotinine Levels of Hired Latino Youth Tobacco Workers in North Carolina. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:499-503. [PMID: 38333934 PMCID: PMC11127789 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2315934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined the health implications for youth working in United States tobacco production. Agricultural labor is hazardous, yet youth are legally permitted to be hired as farmworkers. Many youth farmworkers are members of the vulnerable Latino farmworker community. In North Carolina, youth work in many agricultural crops including tobacco. METHODS A sample of 152 Latino youth farmworkers ages 12-20 years (M = 16.7, SD = 2.0) across 19 North Carolina counties completed a cross-sectional survey and provided saliva samples in 2019. Surveys detailed personal and work characteristics. Saliva samples were analyzed for salivary cotinine and reported in geometric means (ng/ml). Bivariate associations were used to delineate the relationship between personal and work characteristics with salivary cotinine levels. RESULTS Cotinine levels ranged from 0.05 to 313.5 ng/ml. Older age and working in tobacco were significantly associated with higher salivary cotinine levels. For every one year increase in age, there was a 31% increase in mean salivary cotinine levels (b = 1.31; 95% CI = [1.15-1.50]; p < .0001). Youth tobacco workers' (n = 15) salivary cotinine levels were 890% higher than those not working in tobacco (n = 137) (13.26, 95% CI = [5.95-29.56] ng/ml compared to 1.34, 95% CI = [1.03-1.75] ng/ml (p < .0001)). CONCLUSIONS Latino youth tobacco workers are exposed to nicotine through their work. This exposure presents serious risk of Green Tobacco Sickness (acute nicotine poisoning) and other health concerns given the growing evidence for risk of epigenetic changes negatively affecting long-term cognitive function. Policy is urgently needed to protect this vulnerable population of adolescent workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Arnold
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joanne C Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie S Daniel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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3
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McCann R, Richardson E, Schisler ED, Sudduth A, Dobbs PD. Cigarette and E-Cigarette Harm Perceptions During Pregnancy. Nurs Res 2024; 73:286-293. [PMID: 38598822 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that pregnancy status (prior, current, and future intention) is associated with differences in perceived harm of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy. However, perceptions of health outcomes attributed to cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy have not been explored among a sample of pregnant women who smoke. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore differences in perceived harms of cigarette and e-cigarette use and perceived birth and health outcomes associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy among a sample of pregnant women who currently smoked. METHODS Using a cross-sectional online survey, we examined perceptions about cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy among a sample of U.S. pregnant women ( n = 267) who smoked in the past 30 days. Participants were grouped into categories based on e-cigarette use status (current, past, and never e-cigarette users). Differences between e-cigarette use status and perceived harm (absolute of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and relative of e-cigarettes) and perceived health outcomes attributed to smoking/e-cigarette use were examined. RESULTS Among our sample, 45.7%, 39.7%, and 14.6% were current, ever, and never e-cigarette users, respectively. Associations existed between e-cigarette use status and absolute perceived harm of cigarettes, relative perceived harm of e-cigarettes, and perceived health outcomes. Current e-cigarette users believed pregnant women who smoked cigarettes were more likely to lose a child because of miscarriage or sudden infant death syndrome or give birth to a child with low birth weight, reduced lung function, cleft lip, reduced brain function, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than never e-cigarette users. No associations were found between perceived birth and health outcomes of e-cigarette use by e-cigarette user status. DISCUSSION Pregnant women who smoked and used e-cigarettes had lower risk perceptions about e-cigarette use during pregnancy than those who only smoked. Health messages and research about the harms of nicotine exposure during pregnancy should address the risks of dual-use versus only e-cigarette use. In addition, messages about the relative harm of e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes are needed for pregnant women who smoke and have trouble quitting.
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4
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Habib DRS, Kady A. Applying Social Network Theory to Vaping in High School: Implications for Person-Centered Intervention. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1667-1671. [PMID: 38946129 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2359714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer influence on risky behavior is particularly potent in adolescence and varies by gender. Smoking prevention programs focused on peer-group leaders have shown great promise, and a social influence model has proven effective in understanding adult smoking networks but has not been applied to adolescent vaping until 2023. This work aims to apply a social influence model to analyze vaping by gender in a high school network. METHODS A high school's student body was emailed an online survey asking for gender, age, grade level, vape status, and the names of three friends. Custom Java and MATLAB scripts were written to create a directed graph, compute centrality measures, and perform Fisher's exact tests to compare centrality measures by demographic variables and vape status. RESULTS Of 192 students in the school, 102 students responded. Students who vape were in closer-knit friend groups than students who do not vape (p < .05). Compared to males who vape, females who vape had more social ties to other students who vape, exhibiting greater homophily (p < .01). Compared to females who do not vape, females who vape were in closer-knit friend groups (p < .05) and had more ties to other students who vape (p < .01). CONCLUSION Differences in vaping by social connectedness and gender necessitate school and state policies incorporating the social aspect of vaping in public health initiatives. Large-scale research should determine if trends can be generalized across student bodies, and more granular studies should investigate differences in motivations and social influence by demographic variables to individualize cessation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annabel Kady
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Hopstock K, Perraud V, Dalton AB, Barletta B, Meinardi S, Weltman RM, Mirkhanian MA, Rakosi KJ, Blake DR, Edwards RD, Nizkorodov SA. Chemical Analysis of Exhaled Vape Emissions: Unraveling the Complexities of Humectant Fragmentation in a Human Trial Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1000-1010. [PMID: 38769630 PMCID: PMC11187636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette smoking (or vaping) is on the rise, presenting questions about the effects of secondhand exposure. The chemical composition of vape emissions was examined in the exhaled breath of eight human volunteers with the high chemical specificity of complementary online and offline techniques. Our study is the first to take multiple exhaled puff measurements from human participants and compare volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations between two commonly used methods, proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and gas chromatography (GC). Five flavor profile groups were selected for this study, but flavor compounds were not observed as the main contributors to the PTR-ToF-MS signal. Instead, the PTR-ToF-MS mass spectra were overwhelmed by e-liquid thermal decomposition and fragmentation products, which masked other observations regarding flavorings and other potentially toxic species associated with secondhand vape exposure. Compared to the PTR-ToF-MS, GC measurements reported significantly different VOC concentrations, usually below those from PTR-ToF-MS. Consequently, PTR-ToF-MS mass spectra should be interpreted with caution when reporting quantitative results in vaping studies, such as doses of inhaled VOCs. Nevertheless, the online PTR-ToF-MS analysis can provide valuable qualitative information by comparing relative VOCs in back-to-back trials. For example, by comparing the mass spectra of exhaled air with those of direct puffs, we can conclude that harmful VOCs present in the vape emissions are largely absorbed by the participants, including large fractions of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine
S. Hopstock
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Véronique Perraud
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Avery B. Dalton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Barbara Barletta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert M. Weltman
- Program
in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Megan A. Mirkhanian
- Program
in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Krisztina J. Rakosi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rufus D. Edwards
- Program
in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Salari N, Rahimi S, Darvishi N, Abdolmaleki A, Mohammadi M. The global prevalence of E-cigarettes in youth: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100506. [PMID: 38817636 PMCID: PMC11137589 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Smoking, especially cigarettes, is known as one of the most common social and health problems among people. E-cigarettes are another form of tobacco that has been an ordinary daily occurrence.Study Design: systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Systematic searching of databases was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, MagIran, IranDoc, SID and Google search engine based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. This search was conducted by the end of May 2021. Following full-text assessments, the related data were extracted from the papers. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of methodology of the articles. Finally, study analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2) based on the random effect model. Results Global prevalence of E-cigarette in younger individuals was 16.8 (95 % CI: 10.6-25.6) and 4.8 (95 % CI: 3-7.6) in the Ever and Current modes of E-cigarette, respectively. We also found that E-cigarettes were used more common in young boys than young girls in both Ever and Current modes. In young boys, the prevalence of E-cigarette were 18.8 (95 % CI: 8.4-36.8) and 4.9 (95 % CI: 3-8) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. In young girls, these factors were 9.9 (95 % CI: 5-18.6) and 1.6 (95 % CI: 1-3.1) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. Conclusions The global prevalence of e-cigarettes among young people, especially young boys, is increasing. Based on this, the prevention and management of the damage of this social phenomenon requires comprehensive global study, planning and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sahel Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Darvishi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing School, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Operating Room, Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Research Center for NonCommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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7
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Wu J, Benjamin EJ, Ross JC, Fetterman JL, Hong T. Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38742648 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2352284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates health messaging strategies for the prevention and cessation of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Health messaging strategies were defined as the strategic process of developing messages with the intent to shape, reinforce, or change recipients' health attitudes and behaviors. McGuire's Communication/Persuasion Model guided the analysis of the messaging strategies, focusing on the model's five communication inputs (i.e. source, message, channel, audience, destination) and 14 persuasive outcomes. Nine databases were searched from January 2007 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies in English that presented quantitative data on messaging strategies aimed at discouraging vaping among youth and young adults. Each study was also coded for study characteristics and the utilization of theory. Out of 6,045 studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies exhibit a diverse array of research methods and a consistent integration of theories. The review emphasizes the nuanced main and interaction effects of various communication inputs, such as message features and audience characteristics, while also pointing out a research gap in message sources. In addition, the utilization of social media for effective messaging to engage the audience requires further research. Only one study specifically evaluated messaging strategies for vaping cessation. More research is imperative to develop targeted and tailored messages that effectively prevent and reduce vaping, especially among populations at higher risk of vaping-related harms, while also leveraging effective channels and innovative communication technologies to engage the audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Traci Hong
- College of Communication, Boston University
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8
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Smith LM, Boehm L, Strang LV, DeMarre C, Marcyjanik D. Targeted Education for School Staff on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Nurse Led Intervention. J Sch Nurs 2024; 40:223-230. [PMID: 34590529 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211043127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a public health epidemic in adolescents' use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs), also known as electronic cigarettes, vaping products, or JUULs. However, little is known about the level of knowledge school staff have about ENDS. The purpose of this study is to examine outcomes of a nurse-led educational intervention designed to increase school staff knowledge about ENDS. A descriptive, nonrandomly selected pre-test/post-test design was used with 125 Wisconsin school staff. Results revealed further educational needs of school staff in content areas including advertising to youth and flavoring of ENDS. Following the educational intervention, post-test results showed a significant overall improvement in participant knowledge scores. Recommendations include implementing nurse-led education about ENDS to a more diverse population of school staff. Providing nurse-led ENDS education to school staff offers an upstream, proactive approach for school nurses to help address this public health epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Smith
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey Boehm
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Lyndsey V Strang
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Chelsea DeMarre
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Diane Marcyjanik
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
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9
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Nair NM, Makhanlall A, Roy S, Olola O, Altman E, Chaudhuri P, Wen X. Predictors of Quitting Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:239-253. [PMID: 38112533 PMCID: PMC10880298 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: There is limited research surrounding dual maternal use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We aimed to assess predictors of maternal quitting of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and both during late pregnancy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed dual use (n = 4,006) and exclusive e-cigarette use (n = 1,685) among mothers using data from the 2016 to 2019 phase of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems (PRAMS), a nationally representative sample of the United States. Dual use and exclusive e-cigarette use were defined based on use reported during the 3 months before pregnancy and quitting was assessed during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for predictors of quitting status among mothers who reported dual use and exclusive e-cigarette use, respectively. Separate predictor analyses were conducted in the dual and exclusive e-cigarette use groups to see predictors of quitting e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or both. Results: The highest proportion of mothers who used cigarettes and e-cigarettes before pregnancy quit both during late pregnancy (46.2%), followed by those who quit e-cigarette use only (26.5%) and those who quit cigarette use only (6.6%). Among mothers who reported dual use, those who were African American or Asian, of Hispanic ethnicity, consumed alcohol before pregnancy, had higher education, were married, had diabetes, had higher annual household income, had nongovernmental health insurance, had more prenatal care visits, had a higher frequency of e-cigarette use before pregnancy, had a lower frequency of cigarette use before pregnancy, and smoked hookah around pregnancy had a higher likelihood of quitting both cigarette and e-cigarette use during late pregnancy. Conclusions: Quitting use of cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes was fairly common among mothers who reported dual use or e-cigarette use only. Sociodemographics, pregnancy characteristics, and use of other tobacco products predicted quitting use of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes during late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha M. Nair
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amelia Makhanlall
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Roy
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Olabowale Olola
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Altman
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Preyashi Chaudhuri
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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10
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Dorotheo EU, Arora M, Banerjee A, Bianco E, Cheah NP, Dalmau R, Eissenberg T, Hasegawa K, Naidoo P, Nazir NT, Newby LK, Obeidat N, Skipalskyi A, Stępińska J, Willett J, Wang Y. Nicotine and Cardiovascular Health: When Poison is Addictive - a WHF Policy Brief. Glob Heart 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38312998 PMCID: PMC10836189 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is universally recognized as the primary addictive substance fuelling the continued use of tobacco products, which are responsible for over 8 million deaths annually. In recent years, the popularity of newer recreational nicotine products has surged drastically in many countries, raising health and safety concerns. For decades, the tobacco industry has promoted the myth that nicotine is as harmless as caffeine. Nonetheless, evidence shows that nicotine is far from innocuous, even on its own. In fact, numerous studies have demonstrated that nicotine can harm multiple organs, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Tobacco and recreational nicotine products are commercialized in various types and forms, delivering varying levels of nicotine along with other toxic compounds. These products deliver nicotine in profiles that can initiate and perpetuate addiction, especially in young populations. Notably, some electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) can deliver concentrations of nicotine that are comparable to those of traditional cigarettes. Despite being regularly advertised as such, ENDS and HTP have demonstrated limited effectiveness as tobacco cessation aids in real-world settings. Furthermore, ENDS have also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) are proven to be safe and effective medications for tobacco cessation. NRTs are designed to release nicotine in a slow and controlled manner, thereby minimizing the potential for abuse. Moreover, the long-term safety of NRTs has been extensively studied and documented. The vast majority of tobacco and nicotine products available in the market currently contain nicotine derived from tobacco leaves. However, advancements in the chemical synthesis of nicotine have introduced an economically viable alternative source. The tobacco industry has been exploiting synthetic nicotine to circumvent existing tobacco control laws and regulations. The emergence of newer tobacco and recreational nicotine products, along with synthetic nicotine, pose a tangible threat to established tobacco control policies. Nicotine regulations need to be responsive to address these evolving challenges. As such, governments should regulate all tobacco and non-medical nicotine products through a global, comprehensive, and consistent approach in order to safeguard tobacco control progress in past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amitava Banerjee
- University College London, United Kingdom
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Koji Hasegawa
- National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Pamela Naidoo
- Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa, South Africa
- University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Janina Stępińska
- Department of Medical Communication, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Mahabee-Gittens EM, Harun N, Glover M, Folger AT, Parikh NA. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and risk for cognitive delays in infants born very premature. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1397. [PMID: 38228701 PMCID: PMC10791619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and prematurity are independent risk factors for abnormal neurodevelopment. The objectives were to compare differences in Bayley-III cognitive, language, and motor scores at 2 years corrected age (CA) in 395 infants born very preterm (≤ 32 weeks gestation) with and without prenatal TSE. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses to examine associations between prenatal TSE and neurodevelopmental outcomes and a mediation analysis to estimate direct effects of prenatal TSE on outcomes and indirect effects through preterm birth. In total, 50 (12.6%) infants had prenatal TSE. Infants with prenatal TSE had lower mean [95% CI] Cognitive score (82.8 [78.6, 87.1]) vs. nonexposed infants (91.7 [90.1, 93.4]). In children with and without prenatal TSE, there were significant differences in mean [95% CI] Language scores (81.7 [76.0, 87.4] vs. 92.4 [90.2, 94.6], respectively) and mean [95% CI] Motor scores (86.5 [82.2, 90.7] vs. 93.4 [91.8, 95.0], respectively); scores remained significant after controlling for confounders. Preterm birth indirectly mediated 9.0% of the total effect of prenatal TSE on Cognitive score (P = NS). However, 91% of the remaining total effect was significant and attributable to TSE's direct harmful effects on cognitive development (β = - 5.17 [95% CI - 9.97, - 0.38]). The significant association is largely due to TSE's direct effect on cognitive development and not primarily due to TSE's indirect effect on preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Nusrat Harun
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meredith Glover
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders Prevention Center, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alonzo T Folger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders Prevention Center, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Phan L, Choi K. Awareness of electronic cigarette industry practices and their associations with anti-electronic cigarette attitudes among susceptible US young adults. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058245. [PMID: 38071582 PMCID: PMC11161553 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public education exposing cigarette industry practices have been effective in changing attitudes and preventing smoking among young people. It is unclear how much young adults are aware of e-cigarette industry practices, and how this awareness relates to anti-e-cigarette attitudes. We examined demographic correlates of awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and anti-e-cigarette attitudes, and the association between awareness of these practices with anti-e-cigarette attitudes. METHODS A US sample of young adults aged 18-30 years who do not use commercial tobacco products but are susceptible to e-cigarette use were cross-sectionally surveyed through online panel services from August 2021 to January 2022. Respondents reported their demographics, awareness of cigarette industry practices, awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and their level of agreement with four anti-e-cigarette attitude statements. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine demographic associations and the relationship between awareness of e-cigarette industry practices with each anti-e-cigarette attitude, adjusting for demographics and awareness of cigarette industry practices. RESULTS Generally, Hispanic and Black young adults (vs White) and those with DISCUSSION Public education exposing e-cigarette industry practices may promote anti-e-cigarette attitudes among susceptible young adults who do not use commercial tobacco products. Future research should investigate the utility of anti-e-cigarette industry messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianna Phan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health and Division of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Hair EC, Do EK, Liu SM, Tulsiani S, Vallone DM, Pierce JP. Patterns of Daily Cigarette and E-cigarette Use among United States Youth and Young Adults: Insights from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort between 2018 and 2019. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102416. [PMID: 37753384 PMCID: PMC10518703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Temporal patterns of daily tobacco product use among ever users from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC) between 2018 and 2019 were explored. Methods The sample (N = 5274) includes individuals (15-36 years), residing in the United States, who had ever used any tobacco product at Wave 7 (February - May 2018) and provided tobacco use information at Wave 9 (September - December 2019). Results There was a nonsignificant 1.1 percentage point increase in daily tobacco use (on at least 25 of the past 30 days), from 14.6% (95% CI: 12.8, 16.6) to 15.7% (95% CI: 13.8, 17.7). Tobacco product use remained stable over time, as 65.3% (95% CI: 56.4, 73.3) of daily cigarette smokers, 57.0% (95% CI: 43.6, 69.4) of daily e-cigarette vapers, and 8.5% (95% CI: 2.0, 29.3) of daily dual users stayed with their primary tobacco product. There was also some evidence of switching, as 7.5% (95% CI: 3.7, 14.8) of daily cigarette smokers became daily e-cigarette vapers and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.7, 6.8) of daily e-cigarette vapers became daily cigarette smokers. Discussion Although most daily tobacco users were likely to continue using their primary product, some daily users transitioned to daily use of other products - suggesting that policies and public education focused on reducing overall nicotine use are essential for addressing the nicotine epidemic among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Hair
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Do
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Donna M. Vallone
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P. Pierce
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego Cancer, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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Henn SL, Martinasek MP, Lange M. Vaping Behavior in Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Respir Care 2023; 68:1493-1501. [PMID: 37024281 PMCID: PMC10589117 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to be popular among young adults. These devices are often advertised as a healthy alternative to quitting tobacco cigarettes. However, young adults represent a population who view it as a novel behavior that provides a sense of popularity, social acceptance, and desired physiologic properties. The objective of this study was to examine characteristics of vaping behavior among college students and explore possible associations between groups of vaping behavior (stopped, initiated, increased, decreased, stayed the same). METHODS In a multi-center cross-sectional study, 656 students from University of Tampa in the United States and University of Applied Sciences in Germany (IST) were recruited to answer a 31-item online questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between the groups. RESULTS Prevalence rates indicated approximately 31% of all students were currently using ENDS. Even though more negative than positive experiences with ENDS were reported, most students stated their vaping increased during COVID-19 lockdowns. Addiction and stress relief emerged to be predictors (P < .001) of an increase in vaping, whereas social motives were not statistically significant. Living situation (P = .63) and depression (P = .10) were not significantly associated with vaping behavior. CONCLUSIONS ENDS products continue to yield very high levels of nicotine creating addiction in young adults. Addiction counseling and evidenced-based practices should be employed at every level (individual, community, and school). Additionally, mental health counseling for students in pandemic and high-stress environments may help to combat stress in a more proactive manner than self-medicating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella L Henn
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mary P Martinasek
- Department of Health Science and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
| | - Martin Lange
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Zhou Y, Kwon M, Park E, Chang YP. What Can Customers See? Exposed Information on E-Cigarette Online Retail Website: A Systematic Review. J Addict Nurs 2023; 34:251-265. [PMID: 38015576 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internet is the main channel for electronic nicotine delivery systems sales that the media uses to publicize electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Once e-cigarettes entered the market, they quickly became widely available online and in retail stores in many countries and regions around the world. This systematic review aims to explore the online marketing strategies for e-cigarette retail websites including the design of e-cigarette retail websites and how the information of retail websites was exposed to the public. METHOD Studies were searched in five databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Web of Science, Communication & Mass Media Complete, and PubMed. Included studies were published between 2007 and 2019. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this review. Topics covered included smoking cessation claims, nicotine content claims, health or harmful substance exposure claims, age restriction/verification, membership and discounts, and media and celebrity effect. Most of the claims included information about the benefits of e-cigarettes, such as helping to quit smoking, being more environmentally friendly than traditional paper cigarettes, and not containing nicotine. Common marketing techniques included celebrity endorsements, showing discounts or membership offers, or getting a link to buy from the media. CONCLUSIONS The marketing of e-cigarettes is complex, and the authenticity of the information presented on the websites needs to be thoroughly understood. Such information will undoubtedly increase the interest and desire of potential buyers for e-cigarettes. Therefore, it is critical to establish necessary regulations regarding e-cigarette product information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- Yanjun Zhou, BSN, Misol Kwon, BS, RN, Eunhee Park, PhD, RN, APHN-BC, and Yu-Ping Chang, PhD, RN, FGSA, FIAAN, FAAN, School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, New York
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16
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Rousseau C, Pourchez J, Leclerc L, Nekaa M, Raia-Barjat T. [Pregnant women's use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes: A cross sectional survey]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2023; 51:455-462. [PMID: 37482190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The article aims to describe tobacco and e-cigarette use among pregnant women: estimate the prevalence, identify the determinants and motivations of these behaviours. METHODS Cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive observational study using self-administered questionnaires for pregnant women who visited ELENA healthcare centers in May 2021. RESULTS Of 223 patients, 38% were smokers before pregnancy and 16% continued to smoke during pregnancy. Nearly all the smokers (98%) declared that they had reduced or stopped their tobacco use, mostly without help. Young age, lack of professional activity, an unfavourable reaction to the announcement of the pregnancy, heavy smoking before the pregnancy and the presence of a smoker spouse were associated with smoking during pregnancy. Our study identified 10% of vapers before pregnancy and 7.2% during pregnancy. Of those who vaped during pregnancy, 81% were smokers before pregnancy. Most of them used a nicotine containing liquid and 38% of vapers combined smoking and e-cigarettes during pregnancy. There was no association between vaping during pregnancy and smoking cessation. A minority of women had received information about smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The use of electronic cigarettes by pregnant women is a poorly-known reality in France, yet it concerns approximately 7% of the women in our sample. Prospective studies on larger numbers are needed to assess the prevalence of vaping among French pregnant women and its evolution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseau
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - J Pourchez
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Étienne, université de Lyon, université de Jean Monnet, Inserm, U1059 Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - L Leclerc
- Inserm, U 1059 Sainbiose, centre CIS, Mines Saint-Étienne, université Lyon, université Jean-Monnet, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - M Nekaa
- Laboratoire ECP, éducation, cultures, politiques (EA 4571), université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - T Raia-Barjat
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France; Inserm U1059 Sainbiose, université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
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17
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Do EK, Aarvig K, Muller-Tabanera H, Mills S, Sumibcay JR, Koh HK, Vallone DM, Hair EC. E-cigarette use behaviors of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander youth in the contiguous United States: Insights from the Monitoring the Future Study (2018-2019). Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102376. [PMID: 37662868 PMCID: PMC10472302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines e-cigarette use behaviors of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) youth, in relation to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2018 and 2019 Monitoring the Future surveys, which include a random, probability-based sample of youth in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades surveyed annually across the contiguous United States. Respondents provided information on race/ethnicity and e-cigarette use (n = 42,980). Measures of e-cigarette use included current (1 + of past 30 days) and regular use (10 + of past 30 days). Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in e-cigarette use by race/ethnicity. Associations between race/ethnicity, other sociodemographic factors, and e-cigarette use were explored using logistic regression analyses. Approximately 5.1% (n = 2,410) of the sample identified as AANHPI. A greater proportion of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders reported current e-cigarette use (NHPI, 28.0%), relative to Asian American (AA, 10.3%), Black (9.5%), Hispanic or Latino (15.0%), American Indian or Alaskan Native (AIAN, 16.5%), multiracial (22.3%), and non-Hispanic White (25.2%) youth. Regular e-cigarette use was highest among non-Hispanic White (12.3%), followed by multiracial (10.7%), AIAN (7.8%), Hispanic or Latino (5.0%), AA (4.3%), and Black (3.0%) youth. Associations between race/ethnicity and e-cigarette use remained significant, after controlling for other sociodemographic factors. Continued monitoring of e-cigarette use is needed among AANHPI, a historically underrepresented population in tobacco research. Special attention should be paid to NHPI, who reported the highest rates of e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Do
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Mills
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Howard K. Koh
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna M. Vallone
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Hair
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Merianos AL, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Hill MJ, Olaniyan AC, Smith ML, Choi K. Electronic cigarette use and cigarette smoking associated with inadequate sleep duration among U.S. young adults. Prev Med 2023; 175:107712. [PMID: 37758124 PMCID: PMC10591887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine use can influence inadequate sleep, but less is known about the associations of exclusive and dual use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) with combustible cigarettes in U.S. young adults. This study assessed the associations between current exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive cigarette smoking, and dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use and inadequate sleep duration among U.S. young adults. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data including 13,978 U.S. young adults ages 18-24 years. Inadequate sleep duration was assessed categorically using the National Sleep Foundation's age-specific recommendations that define <7 h as inadequate sleep. Weighted logistic regression models were performed while adjusting for participants' sex, race/ethnicity, education level, annual household income level, body mass index, current physical activity, mental health status, disability status, current alcohol use, and current smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS Concerning use patterns, 11.8% of young adults were exclusive e-cigarette users, 4.7% were exclusive cigarette smokers, and 3.8% were dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette users. Exclusive e-cigarette users (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.72), exclusive cigarette smokers (AOR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.22-2.18), and dual product users (AOR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.44-2.86) were at increased odds of having inadequate sleep duration compared to non-users, while adjusting for the covariates. Additionally, dual product users were at increased odds (AOR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.06-2.19) of reporting inadequate sleep duration compared to exclusive e-cigarette users, while adjusting for the covariates. CONCLUSIONS Current e-cigarette and cigarette use may influence inadequate sleep among U.S. young adults. Tobacco cessation efforts may encourage increased sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210068, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Madelyn J Hill
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210068, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Afolakemi C Olaniyan
- School of Population and Health Sciences, Dillard Unversity, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Coutts J, Langley RJ. Toxic and addictive effects of nicotine on children and adolescents: are we sleepwalking into a public health disaster? Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:691-692. [PMID: 35948404 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-323891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross John Langley
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Vilcassim MJR, Jacob D, Stowe S, Fifolt M, Zierold KM. Sex Differences in Electronic Cigarette Device Use Among College Students. J Community Health 2023; 48:585-592. [PMID: 36763311 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use (vaping) has reached epidemic levels in the United States among teenagers and young adults. However, there is a paucity of studies that have examined the relationships between e-cigarette device types and user characteristics. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize e-cigarette device use among a college population with a focus on sex differences in preferred vaping device. We employed a Qualtrics-based smartphone/online survey to gather responses on e-cigarette use; including device type, demographics and other related information during the period October 1, 2020 to January 30, 2022 in the Birmingham, AL metropolitan area. Participants were recruited via flyers with a QR code to the survey. The differences in e-cigarette device type used by the characteristics of the university e-cigarette users were assessed using either a Chi-square analysis or Fisher's Test. The magnitude of any association between the characteristics of the participants and vaping device used was analyzed via logistic regression. Out of 394 students who participated in the survey, 61 reported current exclusive e-cigarette use (15.5%) among our 18-24-year-old college student sample. Among vapers; more females reported use of Disposable e-cigarettes or Juul (pod-type) as their primary vaping device compared to males, who preferred Tanks and Mods + other rechargeable e-cigarettes (p < 0.05). Males also vaped more days per week compared to females. Vaping among young college students remains at concerning levels. The primary vaping device used significantly varies by the users' sex, making it an important factor to consider in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruzmyn Vilcassim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Diya Jacob
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel Stowe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Matthew Fifolt
- Department of Health Policy and Organization, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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21
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Peterson ML, Clark CT, Lynch CJ, Cooper JT, Gelfman N, Blumenstein J, Hansen R, Porter JH, Hillhouse TM. Preliminary assessment of the subjective effects of electronic-cigarettes in young-adult low-dose electronic-cigarette users: Effects of nicotine dose and e-liquid flavor. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1887-1896. [PMID: 34283707 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1950162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the effects of nicotine concentration (0-10 mg/ml) and flavor (gummy bear vs unflavored) on the subjective experiences of vaporized nicotine in young adult low-dose nicotine (3 mg/ml) ECIG users. PARTICIPANTS Eight young adult ECIG users were recruited. METHODS A single blinded crossover study was used. Participants were instructed to take ten 1.5 second puffs, each separated by 20 seconds. After self-administration, heart rate was recorded, and participants completed the Drug Effects, Direct Effects of Nicotine, and Direct Effects of ECIG questionnaires. RESULTS ECIG user's standard daily nicotine dose influenced the rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine as the 10 mg/ml dose was found to be aversive in this user group. The combination of flavor and nicotine increased the subjective effects of ECIGs. CONCLUSIONS Flavored e-liquids contribute to the reinforcing properties of nicotine by enhancing the subjective effects, which may lead to continued ECIG use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie L Peterson
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Carson T Clark
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Cayla J Lynch
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - James T Cooper
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Noah Gelfman
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Julia Blumenstein
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Rodney Hansen
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Joseph H Porter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
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Świątkowski W, Budzyńska B, Maciąg M, Świątkowska A, Tylżanowski P, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Stachurski P, Chałas R. Nicotine and Cytisine Embryotoxicity in the Experimental Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12094. [PMID: 37569468 PMCID: PMC10419251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is one of the most serious health problems. Potentially lethal effects of nicotine for adults can occur with as little as 30 to 60 mg, although severe symptoms can arise with lower doses. Furthermore, the route of administration also influences the toxicity. Cytisine is one of the most popular medications in nicotinism treatment. Like nicotine, cytisine is a plant alkaloid, signaling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Our study evaluated the effects of cytisine in nicotine-induced embryotoxic effects using zebrafish larvae. We examined the teratogenicity of nicotine and cytisine alone or in combination. Nicotine increased mortality and delayed hatching of zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Cytisine did not affect mortality in a wide range of concentrations, and hatching delay was observed only at the highest concentrations, above 2 mM. Administering compounds together partially reduced the adverse teratogenic effect induced by nicotine alone. The protective effect of cytisine against the nicotine effect, observed in zebrafish, will contribute to future studies or treatments related to nicotine addiction or prenatal nicotine exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Świątkowski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Budzyńska
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Maciąg
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Świątkowska
- Department of Jaw Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylżanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Piotr Stachurski
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Chałas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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23
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Bteddini DS, LeLaurin JH, Chi X, Hall JM, Theis RP, Gurka MJ, Lee JH, Mobley EM, Khalil GE, Polansky CJ, Kellner AM, Fahnlander AM, Kelder SH, Fiellin LE, Gutter MS, Shenkman EA, Salloum RG. Mixed methods evaluation of vaping and tobacco product use prevention interventions among youth in the Florida 4-H program. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107637. [PMID: 36753933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel prevention programs are developed to address the increase in e-cigarette use (vaping) among children. However, it remains paramount to test their feasibility in rural settings. This pilot study implemented and evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of two innovative programs, CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN, among youth in rural settings in Florida. METHODS We conducted four focus groups with youth aged 11-17 recruited from 4-H rural clubs in Florida. In a subsequent randomized trial, we recruited 82 youth participants and assigned them to one of three arms: CATCH My Breath, smokeSCREEN, or control. CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN participants attended online group intervention sessions while the control group received educational material. Pre- and post-surveys were administered to all participants to assess knowledge, susceptibility, perceived positive outcomes and risk perceptions related to tobacco and e-cigarette use. Other feasibility parameters were also assessed. RESULTS Focus group discussions provided insights about feasibility and informed the implementation of both interventions in terms of delivery format, scheduling of sessions and incentives. After the intervention, CATCH My Breath participants significantly improved their general tobacco-related knowledge (post-pre = 16.21-12.92 = 3.3, p <.01) and risk perceptions towards other flavored tobacco products (post-pre = 19.29-17.71 = 1.6, p <.05). smokeSCREEN participants significantly improved their general tobacco knowledge (post-pre = 18.77-13.77 = 5.0, p <.01), knowledge about e-cigarettes (post-pre = 9.08-6.31 = 2.8, p <.01) and risk perception towards e-cigarettes (post-pre = 24.69-21.92 = 2.8, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated feasibility of delivering the interventions via participant engagement, participants' willingness to be randomized, assessment of outcome measures, and exploration of different recruitment methods. Despite the potential positive influence of CATCH My Breath and smokeSCREEN on youth participants, further evaluation with larger samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima S Bteddini
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer H LeLaurin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Hall
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryan P Theis
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew J Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erin M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - George E Khalil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Caroline J Polansky
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allie M Kellner
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexandra M Fahnlander
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven H Kelder
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Lynn E Fiellin
- play2PREVENT Lab at Yale, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael S Gutter
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Liu J, Hartman L, Tan ASL, Winickoff JP. Youth tobacco use before and after flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in Oakland, California and San Francisco, California. Tob Control 2023; 32:e118-e120. [PMID: 35301257 PMCID: PMC9521052 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco industry has used recent findings from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Survey (YRBSS) to claim that a sales restriction on flavoured tobacco products might increase youth combustible cigarette use. In this special communication, we examined YRBSS data and reached the opposite conclusion. We observed the patterns in youth cigarette smoking in Oakland, California following its 2017 convenience store flavoured tobacco sales restriction. We also found that 2019 YRBSS data from San Francisco, California cannot be used to evaluate the effect of the sales restriction on all flavoured tobacco products in San Francisco as the YRBSS data for this city were collected prior to enforcement of the sales restriction. For future studies, we suggest triangulating with corroborating sales, behavioural and qualitative data over time to assess the effects of tobacco control policies on youth tobacco use. We recommend that policy enactment and enforcement dates, as well as the exact data collection periods for population health surveys, be published to facilitate more rigorous policy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lester Hartman
- Westwood-Mansfield Pediatric Associates, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy S L Tan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Lo JO, D’Mello RJ, Watch L, Schust DJ, Murphy SK. An epigenetic synopsis of parental substance use. Epigenomics 2023; 15:453-473. [PMID: 37282544 PMCID: PMC10308258 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of substance use is rising, especially among reproductive-age individuals. Emerging evidence suggests that paternal pre-conception and maternal prenatal substance use may alter offspring epigenetic regulation (changes to gene expression without modifying DNA) and outcomes later in life, including neurodevelopment and mental health. However, relatively little is known due to the complexities and limitations of existing studies, making causal interpretations challenging. This review examines the contributions and influence of parental substance use on the gametes and potential transmissibility to the offspring's epigenome as possible areas to target public health warnings and healthcare provider counseling of individuals or couples in the pre-conception and prenatal periods to ultimately mitigate short- and long-term offspring morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Lo
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rahul J D’Mello
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lester Watch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Division of Environmental Sciences & Policy, Duke Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Phan L, Choi K. U.S. young adults' awareness of the Master Settlement Agreement and cigarette industry practices and their associations with electronic cigarette industry and health risk perceptions. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:615. [PMID: 37004012 PMCID: PMC10064685 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lawsuit that led to the U.S. Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) exposed the cigarette industry's deceptive marketing practices, which changed population perceptions about the cigarette industry and helped prevent cigarette smoking. The cigarette industry now owns many electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) companies and make their own e-cigarettes. Given that the MSA occurred in previous decades, many millennial and generation Z young adults may not know about the MSA and the cigarette industry's marketing practices. It is unknown whether awareness about the MSA and cigarette industry practices may influence these young adults' e-cigarette industry and e-cigarette health risk perceptions, which may inform e-cigarette prevention efforts. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from a U.S. sample of tobacco-naïve young adults, 18-30 years-old, susceptible to e-cigarette use (n = 1,329) through an online panel service in August 2021-January 2022. Participants reported their demographic characteristics, awareness of the MSA, awareness of cigarette industry practices, e-cigarette industry perceptions, and e-cigarette health risk perceptions. We examined the relationships between awareness of the MSA and cigarette industry practices with e-cigarette industry and e-cigarette health risk perceptions using multivariable linear regressions, adjusted for demographic characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 36.2%, 24.1%, and 39.3% of participants had heard of the MSA and knew a lot about it, had heard of the MSA, but did not know much about it, and did not hear of the MSA, respectively. On average, participants were aware of 5.2 (SD = 3.0) of the 11 cigarette industry practices included. Hearing about the MSA and knowing a lot about it and awareness of more cigarette industry practices were associated with less positive e-cigarette industry and higher e-cigarette health risk perceptions, whereas having heard of the MSA but not knowing much about it was associated with more positive e-cigarette industry and lower e-cigarette health risk perceptions. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that increasing comprehensive awareness of the MSA and cigarette industry practices may influence young adults' e-cigarette-related perceptions, and may importantly prevent detrimental information gaps about the cigarette industry. Future research should investigate the potential impact of increasing awareness of the MSA and cigarette industry practices in changing e-cigarette-related perceptions, which may help prevent e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianna Phan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Bista S, Lechner WV, Anderson M, Kenne KN, Kenne DR. Cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of psychological distress following COVID-19 related university campus closures. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:239-248. [PMID: 36920934 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2171300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Individuals experienced increased social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have found social isolation and loneliness to be strongly associated with anxiety and depression, which have been associated with increased smoking and vaping rates among young adults, including college students.Objectives: To examine relationships between psychological distress and nicotine use within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (n = 4634; 77.9% female) was used to collect nicotine use and psychological measures from students enrolled at a large Midwestern university. Timeline follow-back data were collected from students reporting current cigarette or electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the week before and immediately following the closure of campus due to the pandemic. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the interaction between nicotine use and psychological symptoms across the 2-week period.Results: Both cigarette (Rate ratio (RR) = 1.115, 95% CI = 1.061, 1.171, p < .0001) and e-cigarette (β = 0.258, 95% CI = 0.166, 0.351, p < .0001) use increased significantly following campus closure. Students experiencing higher levels of depression reported greater increases in e-cigarette use frequency over time as compared to students reporting fewer symptoms of depression (β = 0.018, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.030, p = .004).Conclusions: Increases in nicotine use were found immediately following the implementation of public health safety measures that closed most university campuses. Additional and/or increased stressors have potentially impacted young adults who are college students as a result of campus closures resulting from the pandemic, which may have contributed to further increases in nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Bista
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - William V Lechner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Megan Anderson
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Kaylie N Kenne
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Deric R Kenne
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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28
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Colyer-Patel K, Kuhns L, Weidema A, Lesscher H, Cousijn J. Age-dependent effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on cognition and the brain: A systematic review of the human and animal literature comparing adolescents and adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105038. [PMID: 36627063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is often initiated during adolescence and an earlier age of onset is associated with worse health outcomes later in life. Paradoxically, the transition towards adulthood also marks the potential for recovery, as the majority of adolescents are able to quit smoking when adulthood emerges. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence from both human and animal studies for the differential impact of adolescent versus adult repeated and long-term tobacco and nicotine exposure on cognitive and brain outcomes. The limited human studies and more extensive yet heterogeneous animal studies, provide preliminary evidence of heightened fear learning, anxiety-related behaviour, reward processing, nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors expression, dopamine expression and serotonin functioning after adolescent compared to adult exposure. Effects of nicotine or tobacco use on impulsivity were comparable across age groups. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying adolescents' vulnerability to tobacco and nicotine. Future research is needed to translate animal to human findings, with a focus on directly linking a broader spectrum of brain and behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis Colyer-Patel
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lauren Kuhns
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alix Weidema
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lesscher
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Martinelli T, Candel MJJM, de Vries H, Talhout R, Knapen V, van Schayck CP, Nagelhout GE. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders. Tob Control 2023; 32:170-178. [PMID: 34226262 PMCID: PMC9985733 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrated that adolescent e-cigarette use is associated with subsequent tobacco smoking, commonly referred to as the gateway effect. However, most studies only investigated gateways from e-cigarettes to tobacco smoking. This study replicates a cornerstone study revealing a positive association between both adolescent e-cigarette use and subsequent tobacco use; and tobacco and subsequent e-cigarette use in the Netherlands and Flanders. DESIGN The longitudinal design included baseline (n=2839) and 6-month (n=1276) and 12-month (n=1025) follow-up surveys among a school-based cohort (mean age: 13.62). Ten high schools were recruited as a convenience sample. The analyses involved (1) associations of baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent tobacco smoking among never smokers; (2) associations of e-cigarette use frequency at baseline and tobacco smoking frequency at follow-up; and (3) the association of baseline tobacco smoking and subsequent e-cigarette use among non-users of e-cigarettes. FINDINGS Consistent with prior findings, baseline e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of tobacco smoking at 6-month (OR=1.89; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.37) and 12-month (OR=5.63; 95% CI 3.04 to 10.42) follow-ups. More frequent use of e-cigarettes at baseline was associated with more frequent smoking at follow-ups. Baseline tobacco smoking was associated with subsequent e-cigarette use (OR=3.10; 95% CI 1.58 to 6.06 at both follow-ups). CONCLUSION Our study replicated the positive relation between e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking in both directions for adolescents. This may mean that the gateway works in two directions, that e-cigarette and tobacco use share common risk factors, or that both mechanisms apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Martinelli
- IVO, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Math J J M Candel
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinskje Talhout
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Knapen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gera E Nagelhout
- IVO, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Harlow AF, McConnell RS, Barrington-Trimis JL. Underage E-Cigarette Purchasing and Vaping Progression Among Young Adults. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:260-266. [PMID: 36404243 PMCID: PMC10484047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite laws prohibiting sale of e-cigarettes to individuals aged less than 21 years, many underage young adults purchase e-cigarettes from retail stores, which may increase likelihood of continued use due to a greater access to vaping products and exposure to point-of-sale marketing. METHODS Data are from a prospective cohort of young adults aged 18-20 years in Los Angeles who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline (N = 1,029). We evaluated the association of underage e-cigarette purchasing behavior (owned and purchased vs. owned but never purchased vs. never owned an e-cigarette) with subsequent vaping frequency, intensity, and dependence symptoms one year later, adjusting for vaping behaviors prior to baseline; additional models evaluated whether associations differed by purchase location or product type. RESULTS At baseline, 332 (32%) had purchased e-cigarettes while underage, 227 (22%) owned but never purchased e-cigarettes themselves, and 470 (46%) never owned an e-cigarette. Compared to never owning e-cigarettes, those who had purchased their own e-cigarettes vaped more days in the past month (rate ratio [RR] = 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15-4.09), had more vaping episodes per day (RR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.12-3.14), vaped more puffs per vaping episode (RR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.61-2.23), and had greater odds of dependence (odds ratio: 3.68; 95% CI: 2.51-5.40); elevated estimates were also observed for those who owned but never purchased e-cigarettes (vs. never owned). Vaping dependence was greatest among participants who purchased JUULs or other pod-mods. DISCUSSION Participants who purchased e-cigarettes underage subsequently vaped more intensely and had greater vaping dependence. Regulations that reduce underage retail access to e-cigarettes may help prevent vaping progression among those most at risk of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Harlow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Rob S McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Ekblad MO, Ngum P, Merisaari H, Saunavaara V, Parkkola R, Setänen S. Maternal smoking during pregnancy negatively affects brain volumes proportional to intracranial volume in adolescents born very preterm. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1085986. [PMID: 36684830 PMCID: PMC9849910 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1085986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to associate with smaller frontal lobe and cerebellar volumes in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term age in very preterm infants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on volumetric brain MRI findings at 13 years. We hypothesized that adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on brain volumes are still seen during adolescence. Methods Included adolescents were born very preterm (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1,500 g) between April 2004 and December 2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finland. Information on maternal smoking status (yes or no) during pregnancy was collected from medical records and maternal questionnaires before discharge. Adolescents underwent volumetric brain MRI at 13 years of age. Image post-processing was performed with FreeSurfer. Regional volumes, cortical thickness, surface area, and curvature were computed from 33 cortical regions of interest (ROIs). Additionally, volumes were calculated for 18 subcortical regions, as well as for white matter, gray matter, and intracranial volume. We normalized quantified absolute volumes for head size by dividing volumes with corresponding intracranial volumes. false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons across regions was used. Results A total of 9/44 (21%) adolescents had been exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. No statistically significant differences in absolute volumes were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). Regarding volumes proportional to intracranial volume, the adolescents in the exposed group exhibited smaller gray matter volumes in the inferotemporal (FDR corrected p = 0.022) and parahippocampal (p = 0.018) regions compared to the unexposed group. The surface area in the exposed group was also smaller in the parahippocampal (p = 0.046) and postcentral (p = 0.046) regions compared to the unexposed group. No statistically significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons were found for either curvature or cortical thickness between the groups. Conclusion Maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy may have long-term effects on brain volumes up to 13 years in adolescents born very preterm. Our findings emphasize the importance of smoking-free pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael O. Ekblad
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Mikael O. Ekblad,
| | - Peter Ngum
- Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Setänen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Brath H, Kaser S, Tatschl C, Fischer-See S, Fasching P. [Smoking, heated tobacco products, alcohol and diabetes mellitus (update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:84-90. [PMID: 37101028 PMCID: PMC10132922 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and second-hand smoke strongly increase incidence of diabetes and probability for its complications. Smoking cessation can lead to weight gain and increased diabetes risk; however, it decreases cardiovascular and total mortality. A basal diagnostics (Fagerström Test, exhaled CO) is the basis for successful smoking cessation. Supporting medication include Varenicline, Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Bupropion. Socio-economic as well as psychological factors play an important role for smoking and smoking cessation. Heated tobacco products (like the E‑cigarette) are no healthy alternative to cigarettes and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Moderate consumption of alcohol possibly decreases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Selection bias and underreporting in studies maybe contribute to a too optimistic view. On the other hand, alcohol increases in a dose dependant fashion excess morbidity and disability adjusted life years, especially by cancer, liver diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Brath
- Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Medizin, Campus Prater, Freudplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Österreich.
- Diabetes- und Fettstoffwechselambulanz, Mein Gesundheitszentrum Favoriten, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Univ.-Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | | | | | - Peter Fasching
- Medizinische Abteilung mit Endokrinologie, Rheumatologie und Akutgeriatrie, Klinik Ottakring, Wien, Österreich
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Wang X, Kim Y, Trivers KF, Tynan MA, Shrestha SS, Emery S, Borowiecki M, Hacker K. Changes in Sales of E-Cigarettes, Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products Before, During, and After the EVALI Outbreak. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E86. [PMID: 36520998 PMCID: PMC9809386 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.220087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2019, an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) occurred in the US. We used Nielsen retail sales data to assess trends in sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products before, during, and after the EVALI outbreak. METHODS Monthly unit sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and NRT products overall and by product type were assessed during January 2019 through June 2020 by using an interrupted time series model. Two time points were specified at the period ending July 13, 2019, and the period ending February 22, 2020, to partition before, during, and after the outbreak period. Sales trends by aggregated state-level EVALI case prevalence (low, medium, and high) were assessed to investigate interstate variations in changes of sales coinciding with the EVALI outbreak. RESULTS Monthly e-cigarette sales increased 3.5% (P < .001) before the outbreak and decreased 3.1% (P < .001) during the outbreak, with no significant changes after the outbreak. Monthly cigarette sales increased 1.6% (P < .001) before the outbreak, decreased 1.8% (P < .001) during the outbreak, and increased 2.7% (P < .001) after the outbreak. NRT sales did not change significantly before or during the outbreak but decreased (2.8%, P = .01) after the outbreak. Sales trends by state-level EVALI case prevalence were similar to national-level sales trends. CONCLUSION Cigarette and e-cigarette sales decreased during the EVALI outbreak, but no changes in overall NRT sales were observed until after the outbreak. Continued monitoring of tobacco sales data can provide insight into potential changes in use patterns and inform tobacco prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katrina F. Trivers
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael A. Tynan
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sundar S. Shrestha
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry Emery
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Hacker
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ding Z, Pang L, Chai H, Li F, Wu M. The causal association between maternal smoking around birth on childhood asthma: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1059195. [PMID: 36408054 PMCID: PMC9670139 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1059195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between maternal smoking around birth and childhood asthma using Mendelian randomization (MR). Using the data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we selected independent genetic loci closely related to maternal smoking around birth and maternal diseases as instrumental variables and used MR methods. In this study, we considered the inverse variance weighted method (MR-IVW), weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression. We investigated the causal relationship between maternal smoking around birth and maternal diseases in childhood asthma using the odds ratio (OR) as an evaluation index. Multivariable MR (MVMR) included maternal history of Alzheimer's disease, illnesses of the mother: high blood pressure and illnesses of the mother: heart diseaseas covariates to address potential confounding. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for weak instrument bias and pleiotropic effects. It was shown with the MR-IVW results that maternal smoking around birth increased the risk of childhood asthma by 1.5% (OR = 1.0150, 95% CI: 1.0018-1.0283). After the multivariable MR method was used to correct for relevant covariates, the association effect between maternal smoking around birth and childhood asthma was still statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maternal smoking around birth increases the risk of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Lei Pang
| | - Hongqiang Chai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
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35
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Pipe AL, Mir H. E-Cigarettes Reexamined: Product Toxicity. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1395-1405. [PMID: 36089290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), has been accompanied by controversy regarding their safety and effectiveness as a cessation aid and by an explosion in their use by youth. Their use does not involve the combustion of tobacco and the creation of harmful combustion products; they have been seen as a "harm reduction" tool that may be of assistance in promoting smoking cessation. Recognition that ENDS can deliver an array of chemicals and materials with known adverse consequences has spurred more careful examination of these products. Nicotine, nitrosamines, carbonyl compounds, heavy metals, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, particulate matter, and "emerging chemicals of concern" are among the constituents of the heated chemical aerosol that is inhaled when ENDS are used. They raise concerns for cardiovascular and respiratory health that merit the attention of clinicians and regulatory agencies. Frequently cited concerns include evidence of disordered respiratory function, altered hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity, and enhanced thrombogenesis. The absence of evidence of the consequences of their long-term use is of additional concern. Their effectiveness as cessation aids and beneficial impact on health outcomes continue to be examined. It is important to ensure that their production and availability are thoughtfully regulated to optimise their safety and permit their use as harm reduction devices and potentially as smoking-cessation aids. It is equally vital to effectively prevent them from becoming ubiquitous consumer products with the potential to rapidly induce nicotine addiction among large numbers of youth. Clinicians should understand the nature of these products and the implications of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Pipe
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Hassan Mir
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Harlow AF, Vogel EA, Tackett AP, Cho J, Han DH, Wong M, Cockburn MG, Sussman SY, Unger JB, Leventhal AM, Barrington-Trimis JL. Adolescent Use of Flavored Non-Tobacco Oral Nicotine Products. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188734. [PMID: 35934731 PMCID: PMC9994602 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-056586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Flavored non-tobacco oral nicotine products (eg, nicotine pouches and nontherapeutic nicotine gum, lozenges, tablets, gummies), are increasingly marketed in the United States. Prevalence of non-tobacco oral nicotine product use among adolescents is unknown. METHODS We calculated prevalence of ever and past 6-month use of nicotine pouches, other non-tobacco oral nicotine products (ie, gum, lozenges, tablets, and/or gummies), e-cigarettes, cigarettes, hookah or waterpipe, cigars, cigarillos, and snus among high school students in Southern California between September and December 2021. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations of sociodemographic factors and tobacco-product use with use of any non-tobacco oral nicotine product. RESULTS Among the sample (n = 3516), prevalence was highest for e-cigarettes (ever: 9.6%, past 6-month: 5.5%), followed by non-tobacco oral nicotine products (ever: 3.4%, past 6-month: 1.7%), and <1% for other products. Ever users of combustible tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 77.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39.7-152) and ever users of noncombustible tobacco (aOR = 40.4; 95% CI= 24.3-67.0) had higher odds of ever using non-tobacco oral nicotine products, compared to never users of combustible and noncombustible tobacco. Use of any non-tobacco oral nicotine product was greater for Hispanic (versus all other races/ethnicities except Asian, aOR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.36-4.87), sexual minority (versus heterosexual, aOR=1.63; 95% CI = 1.03-2.57), gender minority (versus male, aOR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.29-6.19), and female (versus male, aOR=1.92, 95% CI = 1.20-3.06) participants. CONCLUSIONS Non-tobacco oral nicotine products were the second most prevalent nicotine product used by adolescents. They were disproportionately used by certain racial or ethnic, sexual, or gender minority groups, and those with a history of nicotine use. Adolescent non-tobacco oral nicotine product use surveillance should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Harlow
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Erin A Vogel
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Junhan Cho
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Dae-Hee Han
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Melissa Wong
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Myles G Cockburn
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine.,Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve Y Sussman
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- USC Institute for Addiction Science.,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine
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37
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Hollis A, Downey E, Standing S, Leahy J, Ebbert K, Ganesh A. A vaping risks education program for school students: Evaluation of the solve mystery toolkit. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101852. [PMID: 35785407 PMCID: PMC9243163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three grade 7 to 12 students in Canada report trying vaping or e-cigarettes. Despite consequences like nicotine addiction, impaired brain development, increased respiratory symptoms, and association with an increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, 48% of youth believe occasional vaping has little to no risk. There is a clear need for youth to learn about vaping consequences. We developed and piloted a novel free interactive educational program on vaping risks which has been used by over 800 grade 7 to 9 students. In post-program surveys, students reported a subjective increase in knowledge about the health consequences of vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hollis
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Corresponding author at: 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Emily Downey
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shaelene Standing
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Janet Leahy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kirsten Ebbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Aravind Ganesh
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Community Health Sciences, and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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38
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Dobbs PD, Hodges EJ, Dunlap CM, Cheney MK. Potential risk factors for cigarette use among a sample of college JUUL users. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1321-1325. [PMID: 32877622 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1806850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between demographics, other tobacco use, and JUUL dependency on combustible cigarette use among college JUUL users. Participants: Undergraduates (n = 595) at a large southwestern university who used JUUL weekly completed a cross-sectional online survey in March 2019. Methods: Logistic regressions examined associations between covariates and ever use/past 30-day use of cigarettes. Results: As age increased, odds of ever trying a cigarette increased (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.45-2.41); however, as age of JUUL initiation increased, odds of ever (AOR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65-0.99) or past 30-day (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) cigarette use decreased. Those moderately (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.07-3.82) or highly (AOR = 8.01; 95% CI = 3.08-20.83) dependent on JUUL were more likely to have tried cigarettes than those not dependent. However, dependence was not associated with past 30-day use. Conclusions: JUUL users may not transition to combustible cigarettes during college. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine transitions in JUUL users' tobacco product use after college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page D Dobbs
- Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elise J Hodges
- Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chris M Dunlap
- Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marshall K Cheney
- Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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39
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Harlow AF, Stokes AC, Brooks DR, Benjamin EJ, Barrington-Trimis JL, Ross CS. e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding. Epidemiology 2022; 33:523-532. [PMID: 35394965 PMCID: PMC9156560 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth e-cigarette use is associated with the initiation of combustible cigarette smoking, but prior studies have rarely accounted for time-varying measures of e-cigarette exposure or time-dependent confounding of e-cigarette use and smoking initiation. METHODS Using five waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013-2019), we estimated marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights to examine the association between time-varying e-cigarette initiation and subsequent cigarette smoking initiation among e-cigarette- and cigarette-naïve youth (12-17 years) at baseline. Time-dependent confounders used as predictors in inverse probability weights included tobacco-related attitudes or beliefs, mental health symptoms, substance use, and tobacco-marketing exposure. RESULTS Among 9,584 youth at baseline, those who initiated e-cigarettes were 2.4 times as likely to subsequently initiate cigarette smoking as youth who did not initiate e-cigarettes (risk ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1, 2.7), after accounting for time-dependent confounding and selection bias. Among youth who initiated e-cigarettes, more frequent vaping was associated with greater risk of smoking initiation (risk ratio ≥3 days/month = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.2; 1-2 days/month = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.93, 1.6 vs. 0 days/month). Weighted marginal structural model estimates were moderately attenuated compared with unweighted estimates adjusted for baseline-only confounders. At the US population level, we estimated over half a million youth initiated cigarette smoking because of prior e-cigarette use over follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The association between youth vaping and combustible cigarette smoking persisted after accounting for time-dependent confounding. We estimate that e-cigarette use accounts for a considerable share of cigarette initiation among US youth. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F. Harlow
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew C. Stokes
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Craig S. Ross
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA
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40
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Virgili F, Nenna R, Ben David S, Mancino E, Di Mattia G, Matera L, Petrarca L, Midulla F. E-cigarettes and youth: an unresolved Public Health concern. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:97. [PMID: 35701844 PMCID: PMC9194784 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping devices started as a potential aid for cessation and reducing the harmful consequences of cigarette smoking, mainly in the adult population. Today e-cigarette use is highly increasing in vulnerable populations, especially young and pregnant women, due to the misconception of its harmless use. Despite the growing acknowledgment in e-cigarette as a potential harmful device, and due to mixed information found concerning its beneficial aid for smokers, along with an insufficient clinical study done in human models, it is important to further evaluate the possible benefits and risks of non-combusting, vaping nicotine or non-nicotine delivery devices. In this review we tried to summarize the latest updated information found in the literature, concentrating mainly in the variety of adverse effects of e-cigarette use and its contribution for recent and future health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Virgili
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Shira Ben David
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Matera
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Kader Z, Crutzen R, Roman NV. Adolescent hookah pipe use: Comparing users’ and non-users’ harm perception, needs, and motivation. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2027631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Kader
- The Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Family and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette V. Roman
- The Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Family and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lyzwinski LN, Naslund JA, Miller CJ, Eisenberg MJ. Global youth vaping and respiratory health: epidemiology, interventions, and policies. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2022; 32:14. [PMID: 35410990 PMCID: PMC9001701 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-022-00277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractE-cigarette usage (also known as e-cigarettes or vaping products) has increasingly been recognized as a global public health problem. One challenge in particular involves their marketing to minors (teenagers and children) and the rising prevalence of use in this population. E-cigarettes unnecessarily expose minors to health risks, these include respiratory health problems, such as exacerbations of asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory-tract irritation. Nicotine, commonly found in e-cigarettes, is also associated with cognitive impairment and neurodevelopmental problems. E-cigarettes are also risk factors for downstream substance use, including cigarettes and cannabis initiation (the gateway hypothesis), which compounds health risks in dual users. Current public health preventative and intervention studies are limited, and there is a clear need for more interventions that may prevent usage and assist with cessation in this vulnerable population. Physician education and screening uptake should also be enhanced. Stricter public health policy and protection measures are also needed on a global scale to limit e-cigarette exposure in minors.
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Mengesha SD, Teklu KT, Weldetinsae A, Serte MG, Kenea MA, Dinssa DA, Woldegabriel MG, Alemayehu TA, Belay WM. Tobacco use prevalence and its determinate factor in Ethiopia- finding of the 2016 Ethiopian GATS. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:555. [PMID: 35313839 PMCID: PMC8935848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco, one of the risk factors for non-communicable diseases, kills 8 million people each year. Like other sub-Saharan countries, Ethiopia faces the potential challenge of a tobacco epidemic. However, there is no organized data on the prevalence of tobacco use in the country. Therefore, this study aims to determine adult tobacco use in Ethiopia. METHODS The study was conducted using the WHO and CDC GATS survey methods. Complex survey analysis was used to obtain prevalence and population estimates with 95% confidence intervals. Bivariate regression analyses were employed to examine factors related to tobacco use. RESULTS The overall tobacco use percentage was 5.0% [95% CI (3.5, 6.9)], of which 65.8% [95% CI (53.4, 76.3)] only smoked tobacco products; 22.5% [95% CI (15.7, 31.2)] used smokeless tobacco only; and 11.8% [95% CI (6.5, 20.4)] used both smoked and smokeless tobacco products. In 2016, more men adults (8.1%) used tobacco than women did (1.8%). Eight out of eleven states have a higher smoking rate than the national average (3.7%). Gender, employment, age, religion, and marital status are closely linked to current tobacco use (p-value< 0.05). Men adults who are employed, married, and mostly from Muslim society are more likely to use tobacco. CONCLUSION The prevalence of tobacco use is still low in Ethiopia. However, the percentage of female smokers is increasing, and regional governments such as Afar and Gambella have a relatively high prevalence. This calls for the full implementation of tobacco control laws following the WHO MPOWER packages. A tailored tobacco control intervention targeting women, younger age groups, and regions with a high proportion of tobacco use are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Derso Mengesha
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Tesfaye Teklu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Weldetinsae
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Gizaw Serte
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Moa Abate Kenea
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Abera Dinssa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Patriot Street, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Wassihun Melaku Belay
- World Health organization- Country office for Ethiopia, UNECA Compound, Zambezi Building, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Majmundar A, Chu M, Perez C, Hoang Y, Yuan J, Unger JB, Allem JP. Tobacco and cannabis use advertisements targeting adolescents and young adults on Snapchat in 2019. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101758. [PMID: 35295669 PMCID: PMC8918856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms offer opportunities for targeted health communication ads to improve tobacco and cannabis prevention efforts. This study described tobacco and cannabis-related ads targeted towards adolescents and young adults on Snapchat. Data comprised of publicly available tobacco (n = 70) and cannabis-related (n = 64) ads from Snapchat in 2019. Identified themes included: Health consequences (Health effects of tobacco or cannabis use), Financial & legal consequences (Adverse financial or legal implications of substance use), Quitting (Resources for cessation), Industry tactics(Tobacco industry misleads individuals), Policy advocacy (Cannabis law reforms or legalization). Ad performance metrics included average Ad Impressions (number of views per ad) and Ad Spend (cost per ad). Ads were also categorized by Sponsoring Organizations (Government or Advocacy organizations). Health Consequences was the predominant theme followed by Quitting among tobacco-related ads. Government organizations sponsored most tobacco-related ads. Tobacco-related ads targeting adolescents received mean = 4,122,071 impressions and cost mean = $10,385.6 per ad. Tobacco-related ads targeting young adults received mean = 2,151,217 impressions and cost mean = $5,382.1 per ad. Health Consequences was a predominant theme among cannabis-related ads followed by Policy Advocacy. Advocacy organizations sponsored most cannabis-related ads targeting young adults. Cannabis-related ads targeting adolescents received mean = 415,293.8 impressions and cost mean=$793.92 per ad. Cannabis-related ads targeting young adults received mean = 293,267.7 impressions, and cost mean = $740.58. Government and advocacy organization sponsored ads reached millions of adolescents and young adults on Snapchat. Prevention campaigns may consider these number of impressions and cost per ad by theme when designing platform specific ads in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Majmundar
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Inc., United States
| | - Maya Chu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Cindy Perez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Yannie Hoang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Jared Yuan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Jon-Patrick Allem
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
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Puljević C, Morphett K, Hefler M, Edwards R, Walker N, Thomas DP, Khan MA, Perusco A, Le Grande M, Cullerton K, Ait Ouakrim D, Carstensen G, Sellars D, Hoek J, Borland R, Bonevski B, Blakely T, Brolan C, Gartner CE. Closing the gaps in tobacco endgame evidence: a scoping review. Tob Control 2022; 31:365-375. [PMID: 35241614 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco endgame policies aim to rapidly and permanently reduce smoking to minimal levels. We reviewed evidence syntheses for: (1) endgame policies, (2) evidence gaps, and (3) future research priorities. DATA SOURCES Guided by JBI scoping review methodology, we searched five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) for evidence syntheses published in English since 1990 on 12 policies, and Google for publications from key national and international organisations. Reference lists of included publications were hand searched. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria were broad to capture policy impacts (including unintended), feasibility, public and stakeholder acceptability and other aspects of policy implementation. DATA EXTRACTION We report the results according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight policies have progressed to evidence synthesis stage (49 publications): mandatory very low nicotine content (VLNC) standard (n=26); product standards to substantially reduce consumer appeal or remove the most toxic products from the market (n=1); moving consumers to reduced risk products (n=8); tobacco-free generation (n=4); ending sales (n=2); sinking lid (n=2); tax increases (n=7); and restrictions on tobacco retailers (n=10). Based on published evidence syntheses, the evidence base was most developed for a VLNC standard, with a wide range of evidence synthesised. CONCLUSIONS VLNC cigarettes have attracted the most attention, in terms of synthesised evidence. Additional focus on policies that reduce the availability of tobacco is warranted given these measures are being implemented in some jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marita Hefler
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Edwards
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Walker
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David P Thomas
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Md Arifuzzaman Khan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Perusco
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael Le Grande
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Cullerton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Driss Ait Ouakrim
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Carstensen
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Sellars
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet Hoek
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ron Borland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- College for Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tony Blakely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Brolan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral E Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Joglekar R, Cauley M, Lipsich T, Corcoran DL, Patisaul HB, Levin ED, Meyer JN, McCarthy MM, Murphy SK. Developmental nicotine exposure and masculinization of the rat preoptic area. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:41-54. [PMID: 35026373 PMCID: PMC8917982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a neuroteratogenic component of tobacco smoke, e-cigarettes, and other products and can exert sex-specific effects in the developing brain, likely mediated through sex hormones. Estradiol modulates expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats, and plays critical roles in neurodevelopmental processes, including sexual differentiation of the brain. Here, we examined the effects of developmental nicotine exposure on the sexual differentiation of the preoptic area (POA), a brain region that normally displays robust structural sexual dimorphisms and controls adult mating behavior in rodents. Using a rat model of gestational exposure, developing pups were exposed to nicotine (2 mg/kg/day) via maternal osmotic minipump (subcutaneously, sc) throughout the critical window for brain sexual differentiation. At postnatal day (PND) 4, a subset of offspring was analyzed for epigenetic effects in the POA. At PND40, all offspring were gonadectomized, implanted with a testosterone-releasing capsule (sc), and assessed for male sexual behavior at PND60. Following sexual behavior assessment, the area of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the POA (SDN-POA) was measured using immunofluorescent staining techniques. In adults, normal sex differences in male sexual behavior and in the SDN-POA area were eliminated in nicotine-treated animals. Using novel analytical approaches to evaluate overall masculinization of the adult POA, we identified significant masculinization of the nicotine-treated female POA. In neonates (PND4), nicotine exposure induced trending alterations in methylation-dependent masculinizing gene expression and DNA methylation levels at sexually-dimorphic differentially methylated regions, suggesting that developmental nicotine exposure is capable of triggering masculinization of the rat POA via epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Joglekar
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Marty Cauley
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Taylor Lipsich
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Edward D. Levin
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Margaret M. McCarthy
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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El-Amin S, Kinnunen JM, Rimpelä A. Adolescents' Perceptions of Harmfulness of Tobacco and Tobacco-like Products in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1485. [PMID: 35162508 PMCID: PMC8834861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
During the recent years, new tobacco and tobacco-like products, e.g., e-cigarettes, have emerged on the market. Adolescents often underestimate health risks in general, including those concerning tobacco. Little is known of adolescents' perceptions of health risks of the newer products. Our paper compares adolescents' perceptions of harmfulness of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, snus, water pipes, and nicotine in Finland, a country with a long history of strict tobacco control policy. Online surveys to nationally representative samples of 12-18-year-olds were conducted in 2017 and 2019, with 7578 answering the surveys. Only 3% of boys and 2% of girls did not agree that cigarettes are harmful to health. The percentages were slightly higher for snus (6% and 3%, respectively) and nicotine (12%, 8%) but much higher for e-cigarettes (30%, 22%) and water pipes (36%, 38%). Those who used the product, whose parents were smokers or had lower education, and whose school performance was lower, less often agreed with the harmful health effects of the products. Our results showed that adolescents understood the harmfulness of older tobacco products better than the harmfulness of the newer ones. Our results also showed the need to strengthen health education and fix adolescents' misperceptions of the health effects of the newer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma El-Amin
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (S.E.-A.); (A.R.)
| | - Jaana M. Kinnunen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (S.E.-A.); (A.R.)
| | - Arja Rimpelä
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (S.E.-A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
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48
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Acute Effects of Nicotine on Physiological Responses and Sport Performance in Healthy Baseball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010515. [PMID: 35010774 PMCID: PMC8745004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is interest in whether nicotine could enhance attention in sporting performance, but evidence on the acute effect of nicotine on physical response and sports performance in baseball players remains scant. This was an observational study to examine whether nicotine gum chewed before exercise could provide acute effects on physiological responses and sport performance. Accordingly, heart rate variability (HRV), saliva cotinine concentration and α-amylase activity, cognitive function, muscle strength, and baseball-hitting performance were measured. Thirteen healthy male non-smoker baseball players were recruited. Conducting two sequences with 7-day intervals, they chewed nicotine gum (nicotine group) or flavor-matched placebo gum (placebo group) for 30 min. HRV and saliva analyses were conducted before gum consumption (S1), after gum consumption (S2), and after test completion (S3). Cognitive, muscle strength, and baseball-hitting performance tests were performed after nicotine or placebo gum chewing. The outcomes of all assessed variables were compared within and between the groups. Significant changes in HRV, α-amylase, testosterone, and cortisol were observed in the nicotine group at S2 and S3 (p < 0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the nicotine group exhibited enhanced motor reaction times, grooved pegboard test (GPT) results on cognitive function, and baseball-hitting performance, and small effect sizes were noted (d = 0.47, 0.46 and 0.41, respectively). Nicotine could induce changes in endocrine and sympathetic nerve activity and enhance cognitive function and baseball-hitting performance. However, no increase in muscle strength was observed after nicotine intake.
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49
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Martinelli TF, De Vries H, Talhout R, van Schayck OCP, Nagelhout GE. Do e-cigarettes attract youths who are otherwise unlikely to use addictive substances? Cross-sectional analyses of Dutch and Flemish secondary school students. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 35083393 PMCID: PMC8697506 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/144181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes are popular among youth. There are concerns that e-cigarettes attract youth that would otherwise not use addictive substances. While e-cigarettes are thought to be less harmful than tobacco, there is reason for caution. We examined to what extent adolescent e-cigarette users have characteristics associated with increased risk of substance use. METHODS We collected cross-sectional survey data in 2018 among 10 schools throughout the Netherlands and Belgium (N=2794; age 10-18 years). We examined differences in characteristics and behaviors between e-cigarette ever users and never users, and former users and current users. We also explored differences in use of flavors and use of nicotine. RESULTS Compared to never-users, e-cigarettes users more often were boys, older, had lower education level, non-Dutch or non-Belgian ethnicity, reported more combustible tobacco use, more smoking family members or family with problematic substance use, more smoking friends, more depressive symptoms, more impulsivity, more delinquent behavior, were more susceptible to smoking, had more positive smoking expectancies, and more ever use of substances. Users of non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes and e-cigarettes without nicotine had fewer characteristics known to be related to an increased risk of substance use, compared to users of tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes and e-cigarettes with nicotine. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent e-cigarette users are more like youths who experiment with addictive substances compared to non-users. Thus, e-cigarettes users were more likely to use substances, regardless of whether they used e-cigarettes first. This may not be true for all types of e-cigarettes, as users of e-cigarettes without nicotine or with non-tobacco flavors were less like youths who experiment with substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Martinelli
- IVO Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Hein De Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinskje Talhout
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C. P. van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E. Nagelhout
- IVO Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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50
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Kavousi M, Pisinger C, Barthelemy JC, De Smedt D, Koskinas K, Marques-Vidal P, Panagiotakos D, Prescott EB, Tiberi M, Vassiliou VS, Løchen ML. Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1552-1566. [PMID: 32726563 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320941993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless. DISCUSSION The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator's regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence. CONCLUSION This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Delphine De Smedt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
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