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Gruzman R, Hempel M, Domke AK, Hartling C, Stippl A, Carstens L, Bajbouj M, Gärtner M, Grimm S. Investigating the impact of rumination and adverse childhood experiences on resting-state neural activity and connectivity in depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:283-291. [PMID: 38387672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both ruminative thought processes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for the emergence and maintenance of depression. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood. METHODS We examined resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data (3 T Tim Trio MR scanner; Siemens, Erlangen) of 44 individuals diagnosed with an acute depressive episode. Specifically, we focused on investigating functional brain activity and connectivity within and between three large-scale neural networks associated with processes affected in depression: the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). Correlational and regression-based analyses were performed. RESULTS Our regions of interest analyses revealed that region-specific spontaneous neural activity in the anterior DMN was associated with self-reported trait rumination, specifically, the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC). Furthermore, using a liberal statistical threshold, we found that spontaneous neural activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the pgACC were associated with depression symptom severity. Neither spontaneous neural activity in the SN and CEN nor functional connectivity within and across the investigated networks was associated with depression severity or rumination. Furthermore, there was no association between ACEs and brain activity and connectivity. LIMITATIONS Lack of a formal control group or low-risk group for comparison. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate network-specific changes in spontaneous brain activity, that are linked to both depression severity and rumination. Findings underscore the crucial role of the pgACC in depression and contribute to a dimensional and symptom-based understanding of depression-related network imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gruzman
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Hempel
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Domke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Hartling
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stippl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Carstens
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stewart SL, Semovski V, Lapshina N. Adolescent Inpatient Mental Health Admissions: An Exploration of Interpersonal Polyvictimization, Family Dysfunction, Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviours. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:963-974. [PMID: 36315373 PMCID: PMC11245427 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mental health system is impacted by extreme delays in the provision of care, even in the face of suicidal behaviour. The failure to address mental health issues in a timely fashion result in a dependence on acute mental health services. Improvement to the mental health care system is impacted by the paucity of information surrounding client profiles admitted to inpatient settings. Using archival data from 10,865 adolescents 12-18 years of age (Mage = 14.87, SDage = 1.77), this study aimed to examine the characteristics of adolescents admitted to psychiatric inpatient services in Ontario, Canada. Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that adolescents reporting interpersonal polyvictimization, greater family dysfunction and higher risk of suicide and self-harm had a greater likelihood of an inpatient mental health admission. The interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health assessment can be used for care planning and early intervention to support adolescents and their families before suicide risk is imminent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, 1137 Western Road, N6G 1G7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valbona Semovski
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, 1137 Western Road, N6G 1G7, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Natalia Lapshina
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, 1137 Western Road, N6G 1G7, London, ON, Canada
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Carbone GA, Imperatori C, Adenzato M, Presti AL, Farina B, Ardito RB. Is parental overcontrol a specific form of child maltreatment? Insights from a resting state EEG connectivity study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 155:106962. [PMID: 39068738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggest that parental overcontrol could be considered a specific form of childhood trauma (CT). Although previous research has shown that CT alters the functional and structural architecture of large-scale networks in the brain, the neural basis associated with parental overcontrol has not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between parental overcontrol and electroencephalography (EEG) triple network (TN) functional connectivity during the resting state (RS) condition in a non-clinical sample (N = 71; 39 females, mean age 23.94 ± 5.89 SD). METHODS EEG was recorded during 5 min of RS with eyes closed. All participants were asked to self-report maternal and paternal overcontrol, CT and general psychopathology. All EEG analyses were performed using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). RESULTS Our results showed a significant positive correlation between maternal overcontrol and theta connectivity between the salience network and the central executive network. This connectivity pattern was independently associated with maternal overcontrol even when controlling for relevant confounding variables, including the severity of CT and the general level of psychopathology. This neurophysiological pattern may reflect a predisposition to detect and respond to potentially threatening stimuli in the environment, which is typically associated with excessive overcontrol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that parental overcontrol should be considered a form of CT in all respects independent of the forms traditionally studied in the literature (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Adenzato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita B Ardito
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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4
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Deiber MP, Pointet Perizzolo VC, Moser DA, Vital M, Rusconi Serpa S, Ros T, Schechter DS. A biomarker of brain arousal mediates the intergenerational link between maternal and child post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:305-313. [PMID: 39067254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether there is a biological basis in the child's resting brain activity for the intergenerational link between maternal interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD) and child subclinical symptoms. We used high-density EEG recordings to investigate the resting brain activity in a sample of 57 children, 34 from mothers with IPV-PTSD, and 23 from mothers without PTSD. These children were part of a prospective, longitudinal study focusing on the offspring of mothers with and without IPV-PTSD, reporting how the severity of a mother's IPV-PTSD can impact her child's emotional regulation and risk for developing mental illness. However, we had not yet looked into potential EEG biomarkers during resting state that might mediate and/or moderate effects of maternal IPV-PTSD severity on child mental health, and in particular the risk for PTSD. The alpha band spectral power as well as the aperiodic exponent of the power spectrum (PLE; power-law exponent) were examined as mediators of maternal IPV-PTSD and child PTSD. While there was no difference in alpha spectral power between the two groups, PLE was significantly reduced in children of mothers with IPV-PTSD compared to control children, indicating cortical hyper-arousal. Interestingly, child PLE was negatively correlated with the severity of maternal IPV-PTSD, suggesting an intergenerational interaction. This interpretation was reinforced by a negative correlation between child PLE and child PTSD symptoms. Finally, causal analyses using structural equation modelling indicated that child PLE mediated the relationship between maternal PTSD severity and child PTSD. Our observations suggest that maternal IPV-PTSD has an intergenerational impact on the child neurobehavioral development through a correlated abnormal marker of brain arousal (i.e. child PLE). These findings are potentially relevant to psychotherapy research and to the development of more effective psycho-neurobehavioral therapies (i.e. neurofeedback) among affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Deiber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik A Moser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Medical Center, Switzerland
| | - Marylène Vital
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomas Ros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Schechter
- University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Medical Center, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, USA.
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5
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Haim-Nachum S, Lazarov A, Zabag R, Martin A, Bergman M, Neria Y, Amsalem D. Self-stigma mediates the relationships between childhood maltreatment and symptom levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2370174. [PMID: 38985020 PMCID: PMC11238652 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2370174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for developing multiple forms of psychopathology, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Yet, the mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and these psychopathologies remain less clear.Objective: Here we examined whether self-stigma, the internalization of negative stereotypes about one's experiences, mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and symptom severity of depression, PTSD, and anxiety.Methods: Childhood trauma survivors (N = 685, Mage = 36.8) were assessed for childhood maltreatment, self-stigma, and symptoms of depression, PTSD, and anxiety. We used mediation analyses with childhood maltreatment as the independent variable. We then repeated these mediation models separately for childhood abuse and neglect, as well as the different subtypes of childhood maltreatment.Results: Self-stigma significantly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms. For sexual abuse - but not physical or emotional abuse - a significant mediation effect of self-stigma emerged on all symptom types. For childhood neglect, self-stigma significantly mediated the relationship between both emotional and physical neglect and all symptom types.Conclusion: Our cross-sectional study suggests that different types of childhood maltreatment experiences may relate to distinct mental health problems, potentially linked to increased self-stigma. Self-stigma may serve as an important treatment target for survivors of childhood abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilat Haim-Nachum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Zabag
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrés Martin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maja Bergman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Amsalem
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Johnson D, Wade M, Andrade BF. Threat, Emotion Dysregulation, and Parenting in a Clinical Sample of Children with Disruptive Behaviour. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01729-8. [PMID: 38967709 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Early-life adversity is associated with the development of internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Despite this, there is a need to understand the mechanisms linking these experiences to psychopathology, especially in clinical samples. This cross-sectional study tested emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking early-life threat to psychopathology in a clinical sample of children with disruptive behavior problems. We also explored parental positive reinforcement as a protective factor in these pathways. A clinical sample of 606 children aged 6-12 years, referred to a mental healthcare hospital, were included. Parent-reported child threat, and parent- and teacher-reported child emotion dysregulation and psychopathology, were collected. Path analysis was used to explore the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation in the relation between threat and psychopathology. The moderating effects of parental positive reinforcement were explored through moderated-mediation analyses. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated the association between threat and both internalizing (β = .18, P = .006) and externalizing (β = .19, P = .002) problems. Positive reinforcement did not buffer the association between threat and emotion dysregulation (β = .09, P = .62) or the association between emotion dysregulation and internalizing (β = - .003, P = .20) or externalizing (β = - .002, P = .35). Poor emotion regulation may be a transdiagnostic mechanism linking early-threat with internalizing and externalizing problems in clinic-referred children with disruptive behaviors. Factors aside from parental positive reinforcement should be explored as protective factors in these pathways, including those directly implicated in the purported mechanisms linking these factors over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Johnson
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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7
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Thanaraju A, Marzuki AA, Chan JK, Wong KY, Phon-Amnuaisuk P, Vafa S, Chew J, Chia YC, Jenkins M. Structural and functional brain correlates of socioeconomic status across the life span: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105716. [PMID: 38729281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with improved brain health. However, the effects of SES across different life stages on brain structure and function is still equivocal. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise findings from life course neuroimaging studies that investigated the structural and functional brain correlates of SES across the life span. The results indicated that higher SES across different life stages were independently and cumulatively related to neural outcomes typically reflective of greater brain health (e.g., increased cortical thickness, grey matter volume, fractional anisotropy, and network segregation) in adult individuals. The results also demonstrated that the corticolimbic system was most commonly impacted by socioeconomic disadvantages across the life span. This review highlights the importance of taking into account SES across the life span when studying its effects on brain health. It also provides directions for future research including the need for longitudinal and multimodal research that can inform effective policy interventions tailored to specific life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Thanaraju
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia.
| | - Aleya A Marzuki
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jee Kei Chan
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Kean Yung Wong
- Sensory Neuroscience and Nutrition Lab, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Paveen Phon-Amnuaisuk
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Samira Vafa
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
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8
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Harb F, Liuzzi MT, Huggins AA, Webb EK, Fitzgerald JM, Krukowski JL, deRoon-Cassini TA, Larson CL. Childhood Maltreatment and Amygdala-Mediated Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Following Adult Trauma. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100312. [PMID: 38711866 PMCID: PMC11070589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) is associated with aberrant connectivity of the amygdala, a key threat-processing region. Heightened amygdala activity also predicts adult anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as do experiences of childhood abuse. The current study explored whether amygdala resting-state functional connectivity may explain the relationship between childhood abuse and anxiety and PTSD symptoms following trauma exposure in adults. Methods Two weeks posttrauma, adult trauma survivors (n = 152, mean age [SD] = 32.61 [10.35] years; women = 57.2%) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. PTSD and anxiety symptoms were assessed 6 months posttrauma. Seed-to-voxel analyses evaluated the association between childhood abuse and amygdala resting-state functional connectivity. A mediation model evaluated the potential mediating role of amygdala connectivity in the relationship between childhood abuse and posttrauma anxiety and PTSD. Results Childhood abuse was associated with increased amygdala connectivity with the precuneus while covarying for age, gender, childhood neglect, and baseline PTSD symptoms. Amygdala-precuneus resting-state functional connectivity was a significant mediator of the effect of childhood abuse on anxiety symptoms 6 months posttrauma (B = 0.065; 95% CI, 0.013-0.130; SE = 0.030), but not PTSD. A secondary mediation analysis investigating depression as an outcome was not significant. Conclusions Amygdala-precuneus connectivity may be an underlying neural mechanism by which childhood abuse increases risk for anxiety following adult trauma. Specifically, this heightened connectivity may reflect attentional vigilance for threat or a tendency toward negative self-referential thoughts. Findings suggest that childhood abuse may contribute to longstanding upregulation of attentional vigilance circuits, which makes one vulnerable to anxiety-related symptoms in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Harb
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael T. Liuzzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - E. Kate Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Terri A. deRoon-Cassini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christine L. Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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9
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E M A E, J J R, G H P VDH, E J E H, C H Z K, K S N, S V, J D L, G J J M S, E K, A T H, M A. Safety First! Residential Group Climate and Antisocial Behavior: A Multilevel Meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024:306624X241252052. [PMID: 38855815 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241252052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis was performed (28 studies and 313 effect sizes) on the relation between residential group climate (i.e., safety, atmosphere, repression, support, growth, structure) and antisocial behavior, including aggression and criminal recidivism. A systematic search was conducted in PsychINFO, ERIC, and OVID Medline up to February 2023. Results showed a small but significant association (r = .20) between residential group climate and antisocial behavior, equivalent to a 23% reduction of antisocial behavior in all clients receiving care in a residential facility with a therapeutic group climate. Moderator analyses showed that experienced safety was more strongly related to antisocial behavior (r = .30) than the other dimensions of group climate (.17 < r < .20), while the effect size was somewhat larger for adults (r = .24) than for youth (r = .15). We conclude that residential facilities should consider safety as a priority and should involve clients in a positive process of change through the development of a therapeutic environment and delivery of evidence-based treatment, addressing their needs from the perspective of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltink E M A
- University of Amsterdam; GGZ Centraal, the Netherlands
| | - Roest J J
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Van der Helm G H P
- University of Amsterdam; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kuiper C H Z
- University of Amsterdam; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nijhof K S
- Academic Workplace for at-risk Youth (AWRJ); Pluryn; Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Knorth E
- University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harder A T
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Assink M
- University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Eiberg M. Cognitive Functioning of Children in Out-of-Home Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:217-230. [PMID: 38938961 PMCID: PMC11199474 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most children who enter out-of-home care (OHC) have been subjected to prolonged maltreatment. Maltreatment potentially contributes to a cumulative deficit in neurocognitive maturation and development that is likely to proceed with the child's placement into OHC and persist throughout adulthood. From the theoretical perspective of how maltreatment may affect the developing brain, this study examines the IQ and executive function of children placed in OHC on standardized, norm-referenced measures. Furthermore, the study investigates the prevalence of serious cognitive delays, defined by scores in the clinical range on the administered instruments. METHODS The study included 153 children in foster care (66% female), aged 6-15 (M = 10.5, SD = 2.1). Independent two-sample t-tests were run to test for significant differences between the sample and the norm population on the applied neuropsychological measures. RESULTS The results showed that discrepancies in cognitive development were global in scope, with the children lagging significantly behind the norm population on all applied measures with discrepancies ranging from 0.61 to 2.10 SD (p < .001). Also, serious developmental delays in all cognitive domains were vastly overrepresented in the sample ranging from 11.3% (IQ) to 66.0% (executive function). CONCLUSIONS The results document a very high prevalence of cognitive deficits and delays among the children in the sample. The implications of identifying the neurocognitive effects of maltreatment in the practices of the child welfare system are discussed in terms of developing suitable assessment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misja Eiberg
- VIVE - The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Herluf Trolles gade 11, 1052 , Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Huffhines L, Parade SH, Martin SE, Gottipaty A, Kavanaugh B, Spirito A, Boekamp JR. Early childhood trauma exposure and neurocognitive and emotional processes: Associations in young children in a partial hospital program. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38711378 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood trauma has been linked to neurocognitive and emotional processing deficits in older children, yet much less is known about these associations in young children. Early childhood is an important developmental period in which to examine relations between trauma and executive functioning/emotion reactivity, given that these capacities are rapidly developing and are potential transdiagnostic factors implicated in the development of psychopathology. This cross-sectional study examined associations between cumulative trauma, interpersonal trauma, and components of executive functioning, episodic memory, and emotion reactivity, conceptualized using the RDoC framework and assessed with observational and performance-based measures, in a sample of 90 children (ages 4-7) admitted to a partial hospital program. Children who had experienced two or more categories of trauma had lower scores in episodic memory, global cognition, and inhibitory control as measured in a relational (but not computerized) task, when compared to children with less or no trauma. Interpersonal trauma was similarly associated with global cognition and relational inhibitory control. Family contextual factors did not moderate associations. Findings support examining inhibitory control in both relationally significant and decontextualized paradigms in early childhood, and underscore the importance of investigating multiple neurocognitive and emotional processes simultaneously to identify potential targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Sarah E Martin
- Department of Psychology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Anjali Gottipaty
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Brian Kavanaugh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John R Boekamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
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12
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Cotter G, Morreale K, Valdegas A, Fish M, Beebe R, Grasso D, Stover C, Tseng WL. Associations between trauma exposure and irritability within the family unit: a network approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38710637 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric irritability is a pervasive psychiatric symptom, yet its etiology remains elusive. While trauma exposure may contribute to the development of irritability, empirical research is limited. This study examined the prevalence of irritability among trauma-exposed children, identified factors that differentiate trauma-exposed children with and without irritability, and employed a network analysis to uncover associations between irritability and trauma exposure in the family unit. METHODS Sample included 676 children (56.3% male, mean age = 9.67 ± 3.7 years) and their parents referred by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families to Fathers for Change - a psychotherapy intervention designed to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment. Child's trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and irritability were assessed pre-intervention using self- and caregiver-report. Parents self-reported their childhood and adulthood trauma exposures, PTSD symptoms, irritability, psychopathology, and IPV. RESULTS Across caregiver- and child-reports, 16%-17% of children exhibited irritability. Irritable children experienced greater trauma exposure, interpersonal violence, emotional abuse, and PTSD severity. They had caregivers, particularly mothers, with greater trauma histories, IPV, and psychopathology. Network analysis revealed 10 nodes directly correlated to child's irritability including child's PTSD severity, parental IPV (specifically psychological violence), and parental psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Results provide initial empirical evidence that pediatric irritability is linked to trauma exposure, suggesting trauma histories be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of irritability. Interventions addressing caregiver trauma, IPV, and psychopathology may ameliorate pediatric irritability. Future studies could benefit from adopting network approaches with longitudinal or time series data to elucidate causality and points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cotter
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Morreale
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Meghan Fish
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Beebe
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Damion Grasso
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Carla Stover
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Clark HM, Hankin BL, Narayan AJ, Davis EP. Risk and resilience factors for psychopathology during pregnancy: An application of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:545-561. [PMID: 36734236 PMCID: PMC10397364 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability to psychopathology, yet limited work has investigated the extent to which variation in psychopathology during pregnancy is shared and unshared across syndromes and symptoms. Understanding the structure of psychopathology during pregnancy, including associations with childhood experiences, may elucidate risk and resilience factors that are transdiagnostic and/or specific to particular psychopathology phenotypes. Participants were 292 pregnant individuals assessed using multiple measures of psychopathology. Confirmatory factor analyses found evidence for a structure of psychopathology consistent with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). A common transdiagnostic factor accounted for most variation in psychopathology, and both adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs and BCEs) were associated with this transdiagnostic factor. Furthermore, pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms most closely reflected the dimension of Fear, which may suggest shared variation with manifestations of fear that are not pregnancy-specific. ACEs and BCEs also linked to specific prenatal psychopathology involving thought problems, detachment, and internalizing, externalizing, antagonistic, and antisocial behavior. These findings extend the dimensional and hierarchical HiTOP model to pregnant individuals and show how maternal childhood risk and resilience factors relate to common and specific forms of psychopathology during pregnancy as a period of enhanced vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Clark
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Angela J Narayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St., Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St., Denver, CO, 80208, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, 3028 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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14
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Heshmati R, Kheiriabad M, Azmoodeh S, Ghasemi A, Pfaltz M. Pathways Linking Parental Care and Control to Loneliness in Breast Cancer Patients with A History of Childhood Maltreatment: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression and Self-Discrepancy. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2261-2289. [PMID: 38158727 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231218678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for loneliness and is linked to breast cancer. Parental bonding experienced during one's childhood also plays a significant role in increasing or decreasing the risk of loneliness later in life. Previous research has highlighted the significance of ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) and self-discrepancy in the psychological adaptation of breast cancer patients, particularly concerning the impact of parental care and control experienced by patients in their relationship with their parents during childhood. Nevertheless, previous studies have not examined the mediating effects of AEE and self-discrepancy on parental care and control, as well as loneliness, in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate whether AEE and self-discrepancy mediate the association of childhood parental care and control with loneliness in breast cancer patients with a history of childhood maltreatment. One hundred and thirty-three breast cancer patients who were receiving chemotherapy within the first 3 months post-diagnosis were recruited from one private and three public hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, to complete questionnaires. Parental bonding, loneliness, AEE, and self-discrepancy were assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, Ambivalence over the Expression of Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ), and Self-Discrepancies Scale (S-DS). Mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling. Effects of parental care (β = -.17, p < .05) and control (β = .21, p < .001) on loneliness were significant. Furthermore, both AEE (β = .19, p < .05) and self-discrepancy (β = .23, p < .01) significantly predicted loneliness. The pathway between parental care and AEE was significant (β = -.21, p < .001), as was the direct effect of parental control on self-discrepancy (β = .19, p < .05). Bootstrapping results showed that AEE significantly mediated the relationship between parental care and loneliness (95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.09, -0.01]). In addition, there was a significant indirect effect from parental control to loneliness via self-discrepancy (95% CI [0.11, 0.01]). These findings suggest that AEE and self-discrepancy could potentially be utilized in preventing or addressing loneliness in breast cancer patients who have a history of childhood maltreatment. Future research could, for example, assess whether integrating psychosocial interventions focusing on these variables as part of medical care can improve the mental health status of this subgroup of breast cancer patients who have experienced childhood maltreatment.
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15
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Dickerson KL, Quas JA. Compensatory prosocial behavior in high-risk adolescents observing social exclusion: The effects of emotion feedback. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105840. [PMID: 38245916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although exposure to violence has been consistently associated with deficits in prosocial behavior among adolescents, effective methods of mitigating these deficits have yet to be identified. The current investigation tested whether prosocial behavior could be promoted by providing adolescents with feedback about the emotional states of others and whether the effects of feedback varied between adolescents who had versus had not experienced violence in the home or in the community. Adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with (n = 87) and without (n = 61) histories of violence exposure completed a virtual social exclusion ball-tossing paradigm in which information about an excluded peer's emotions (sad, angry, or neutral) was experimentally manipulated. Among adolescents with histories of violence exposure, those who received feedback that the peer was sad due to being excluded compensated by throwing the ball more often to that peer. In contrast, adolescents without histories of violence exposure did not engage in compensatory prosocial behavior, instead maintaining a relatively even number of tosses to all players. Findings offer new insight into simple potential methods of eliciting prosocial behavior in adolescents for whom such responding may be compromised and may provide a potential starting point for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Dickerson
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jodi A Quas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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16
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Tsheole P, Makhado L, Maphula A, Sepeng NV. Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators in the Management of Childhood Trauma and Violence Exposure Intervention in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:516. [PMID: 38790511 PMCID: PMC11119606 DOI: 10.3390/children11050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that barriers and facilitators in psychotherapy exhibit similarities. The authors of this study are of the view that to effectively address the difficulties encountered in psychotherapy for children and adolescents, it is crucial to consider the points of view of professionals who have firsthand encounters with children. The purpose of this study was to effectively explore barriers and facilitators in the treatment of children exposed to trauma and violence. Exploratory and descriptive methods, as components of a qualitative research design, were employed to investigate and articulate the barriers and facilitators involved in managing childhood trauma. An advertisement was used to recruit participants. It was developed and distributed to psychologists and social workers recommended by the Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme. Seventeen professionals were individually interviewed using semi-structured interview schedules. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings of the study indicated a lack of commitment from parents in honouring appointments, financial challenges, a fear of perpetrators associated with the poor reporting of incidences, professional boundaries, and referral route challenges. Familiar facilitators in the management of childhood trauma included continuous training and workshops for all people working with childhood trauma and violence, the employment of more victim advocates, and awareness campaigns. Additionally, the referral pathway for traumatised children presents logistical, psychological, and educational hurdles, underscoring the complex nature of meeting the needs of these vulnerable populations within the healthcare system. In conclusion, even while the currently available research supports the barriers and facilitators for this population, more investigation is required to examine how these factors affect treatment outcomes, particularly in community-based settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petunia Tsheole
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa;
| | - Lufuno Makhado
- Office of the Deputy Dean Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa;
| | - Angelina Maphula
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa;
| | - Nombulelo Veronica Sepeng
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0082, South Africa;
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17
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Vaidya N, Marquand AF, Nees F, Siehl S, Schumann G. The impact of psychosocial adversity on brain and behaviour: an overview of existing knowledge and directions for future research. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02556-y. [PMID: 38658773 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental experiences play a critical role in shaping the structure and function of the brain. Its plasticity in response to different external stimuli has been the focus of research efforts for decades. In this review, we explore the effects of adversity on brain's structure and function and its implications for brain development, adaptation, and the emergence of mental health disorders. We are focusing on adverse events that emerge from the immediate surroundings of an individual, i.e., microenvironment. They include childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation, social isolation, affective loss, domestic conflict, and poverty. We also take into consideration exposure to environmental toxins. Converging evidence suggests that different types of adversity may share common underlying mechanisms while also exhibiting unique pathways. However, they are often studied in isolation, limiting our understanding of their combined effects and the interconnected nature of their impact. The integration of large, deep-phenotyping datasets and collaborative efforts can provide sufficient power to analyse high dimensional environmental profiles and advance the systematic mapping of neuronal mechanisms. This review provides a background for future research, highlighting the importance of understanding the cumulative impact of various adversities, through data-driven approaches and integrative multimodal analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Siehl
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Piqueras JA, Falcó R, Rico-Bordera P, Canals J, Espinosa-Fernández L, Vivas-Fernández M, Garcia-Lopez LJ. Identifying Adolescents at Risk for Emotional Disorders with Latent Profile Analysis: A Personalized, Transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01689-z. [PMID: 38605162 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
It can be challenging to assign patients to the appropriate intervention programs, as risk and protective factors for developing emotional disorders are multiple and shared across disorders. This study aimed to provide a theoretical and empirical approach to identify and categorise adolescents into different levels of severity. The risk of developing emotional symptoms was assessed in 1425 Spanish adolescents (M = 14.34, SD = 1.76; 59.9% women). Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify subgroups based on their emotional symptom severity, risk, and resilience factors. Results revealed four profiles: at low risk (emotionally healthy), moderate risk (for selective interventions), high risk (for indicated interventions), and severe risk (for clinical referral). Older age and especially female gender were predictors of higher risk clusters, and there were differences in the levels of psychopathology and health-related quality of life across clusters. Identification of at-risk adolescents for emotional disorders by means of LPA may contribute to designing personalised and tailored prevention programs that match adolescents' specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Piqueras
- Division of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Raquel Falcó
- Division of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Pilar Rico-Bordera
- Division of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vivas-Fernández
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
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19
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Saragosa-Harris NM, Guassi Moreira JF, Waizman Y, Sedykin A, Peris TS, Silvers JA. Early life adversity is associated with greater similarity in neural representations of ambiguous and threatening stimuli. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38602091 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is hypothesized to sensitize threat-responsive neural circuitry. This may lead individuals to overestimate threat in the face of ambiguity, a cognitive-behavioral phenotype linked to poor mental health. The tendency to process ambiguity as threatening may stem from difficulty distinguishing between ambiguous and threatening stimuli. However, it is unknown how exposure to ELA relates to neural representations of ambiguous and threatening stimuli, or how processing of ambiguity following ELA relates to psychosocial functioning. The current fMRI study examined multivariate representations of threatening and ambiguous social cues in 41 emerging adults (aged 18 to 19 years). Using representational similarity analysis, we assessed neural representations of ambiguous and threatening images within affective neural circuitry and tested whether similarity in these representations varied by ELA exposure. Greater exposure to ELA was associated with greater similarity in neural representations of ambiguous and threatening images. Moreover, individual differences in processing ambiguity related to global functioning, an association that varied as a function of ELA. By evidencing reduced neural differentiation between ambiguous and threatening cues in ELA-exposed emerging adults and linking behavioral responses to ambiguity to psychosocial wellbeing, these findings have important implications for future intervention work in at-risk, ELA-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João F Guassi Moreira
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yael Waizman
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Sedykin
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara S Peris
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Cao X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhu J. Childhood maltreatment and resting-state network connectivity: The risk-buffering role of positive parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38561986 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the neurobiological foundations of childhood maltreatment is important due to the persistent associations with adverse mental health outcomes. However, the mechanisms through which abuse and neglect disturb resting-state network connectivity remain elusive. Moreover, it remains unclear if positive parenting can mitigate the negative impact of childhood maltreatment on network connectivity. We analyzed a cohort of 194 adolescents and young adults (aged 14-25, 47.42% female) from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) to investigate the impact of childhood abuse and neglect on resting-state network connectivity. Specifically, we examined the SAN, DMN, FPN, DAN, and VAN over time. We also explored the moderating role of positive parenting. The results showed that childhood abuse was linked to stronger connectivity within the SAN and VAN, as well as between the DMN-DAN, DMN-VAN, DMN-SAN, SAN-DAN, FPN-DAN, SAN-VAN, and VAN-DAN networks about 18 months later. Positive parenting during childhood buffered the negative impact of childhood abuse on network connectivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of positive parenting on network connectivity following childhood abuse. These findings not only highlight the importance of positive parenting but also lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology and resilience mechanisms of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cao
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxinyue Wang
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University; Guangzhou, China
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21
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Giordano F, Salimbeni CT, Jefferies P. The Tutor of Resilience Program with Children Who Have Experienced Maltreatment: Mothers' Involvement Matters. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:295-307. [PMID: 35916984 PMCID: PMC10891266 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a dynamic process involving the presence and interaction of personal and environmental factors that modify the impact of adversity. Resilience-building interventions are therefore important for improving trauma-related outcomes in children and caregivers exposed to adversity. This study examines the impact of the Tutor of Resilience (TOR) program on beneficiaries' trauma-related symptoms and on mother-child interactions in a group of children exposed to maltreatment (N = 186; mean age = 11.95; SD = 2.50). Assessments were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RM-ANOVAs indicated significant improvements for most trauma symptoms (anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and disassociation, but not depression) in the intervention group relative to a control group (N = 88; mean age = 10.76; SD = 2.57), and indicated further improvements to anxiety and dissociation for the intervention group when mothers were involved. Mother-child interactions also improved over time, as did their overall trauma symptoms and distress. Findings support the effectiveness of the ToR, especially when involving mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giordano
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy.
| | - C Taurelli Salimbeni
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy
| | - P Jefferies
- Family and Community Resilience, Canada Research Chair in Child, Resilience Research Centre Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
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22
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Kristen A, Moretti MM, Osman F. "It opened a new door for me": A qualitative study of forcibly displaced parents' experiences of an attachment-based parenting program. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:700-712. [PMID: 37728567 PMCID: PMC10945979 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231202875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore forcibly displaced parents' experiences of how an online attachment-based parenting program (eConnect) impacted their relationships with their teens. Data was collected from four focus group discussions with 28 parents who participated in the eConnect program. Data was analyzed using network thematic analysis. A global theme emerged from the analysis: Strengthened Parent-Teen Relationships. Four underpinning organizing themes described the process through which the parent-teen relationship was strengthened: Knowledge Served as the Foundation for Change, Increased Parental Self-Efficacy, Improved Emotional Attunement Facilitates Dyadic Affect Regulation, and Shifted Power Dynamics and Emerging Mutual Parent-Teen Partnership. Findings suggest that eConnect is promising intervention for strengthening parent-teen relationships and supporting forcibly displaced families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kristen
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | | | - Fatumo Osman
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Sweden
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23
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Quidé Y, Watkeys OJ, Tonini E, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Nenadić I, Kircher T, Krug A, Hahn T, Meinert S, Goltermann J, Gruber M, Stein F, Brosch K, Wroblewski A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Straube B, Alexander N, Leehr EJ, Bauer J, Winter NR, Fisch L, Dohm K, Rössler W, Smigielski L, DeRosse P, Moyett A, Houenou J, Leboyer M, Gilleen J, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Aleman A, Modinos G, Green MJ. Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: analyses of 1182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA schizotypy working group. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1215-1227. [PMID: 37859592 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypy represents an index of psychosis-proneness in the general population, often associated with childhood trauma exposure. Both schizotypy and childhood trauma are linked to structural brain alterations, and it is possible that trauma exposure moderates the extent of brain morphological differences associated with schizotypy. METHODS We addressed this question using data from a total of 1182 healthy adults (age range: 18-65 years old, 647 females/535 males), pooled from nine sites worldwide, contributing to the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Schizotypy working group. All participants completed both the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief version (SPQ-B), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and underwent a 3D T1-weighted brain MRI scan from which regional indices of subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness were determined. RESULTS A series of multiple linear regressions revealed that differences in cortical thickness in four regions-of-interest were significantly associated with interactions between schizotypy and trauma; subsequent moderation analyses indicated that increasing levels of schizotypy were associated with thicker left caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and insula, and thinner left caudal middle frontal gyrus, in people exposed to higher (but not low or average) levels of childhood trauma. This was found in the context of morphological changes directly associated with increasing levels of schizotypy or increasing levels of childhood trauma exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations in brain regions critical for higher cognitive and integrative processes that are associated with schizotypy may be enhanced in individuals exposed to high levels of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Quidé
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver J Watkeys
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emiliana Tonini
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils R Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Fisch
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Moyett
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACT, APHP, INSERM U955 Team "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, UNIACT Lab, PsyBrain team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACT, APHP, INSERM U955 Team "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - James Gilleen
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa J Green
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Kashyap R, Holla B, Bhattacharjee S, Sharma E, Mehta UM, Vaidya N, Bharath RD, Murthy P, Basu D, Nanjayya SB, Singh RL, Lourembam R, Chakrabarti A, Kartik K, Kalyanram K, Kumaran K, Krishnaveni G, Krishna M, Kuriyan R, Kurpad SS, Desrivieres S, Purushottam M, Barker G, Orfanos DP, Hickman M, Heron J, Toledano M, Schumann G, Benegal V. Childhood adversities characterize the heterogeneity in the brain pattern of individuals during neurodevelopment. Psychol Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38509831 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development. METHODS Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort (n = 987, aged 6-23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects). RESULTS Significant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities. CONCLUSION Adversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kashyap
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sagarika Bhattacharjee
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Eesha Sharma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Debashish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Roshan Lourembam
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India
| | - Amit Chakrabarti
- Division of Mental Health, ICMR-Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamakshi Kartik
- Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, India
| | | | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ghattu Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Murali Krishna
- Health Equity Cluster, Institute of Public Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sunita Simon Kurpad
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gareth Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Center for Public Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mireille Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Germany
- PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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25
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Jacques DT, Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Maternal alcohol dependence symptoms, maternal insensitivity to children's distress, and young children's blunted emotional reactivity. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38426705 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal insensitivity to children's emotional distress (e.g., expressions of sadness or fearfulness) is one mechanism through which maternal alcohol dependence may increase children's risk for psychopathology. Although emotion dysregulation is consistently associated with psychopathology, it remains unclear how or why alcohol dependence's effects on caregiving responses to children's distress may impact children's emotion regulation over time, particularly in ways that may engender risks for psychopathology. This study examined longitudinal associations between lifetime maternal alcohol dependence symptoms, mothers' insensitivity to children's emotional distress cues, and children's emotional reactivity among 201 mother-child dyads (Mchild age = 2.14 years; 56% Black; 11% Latino). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a significant mediational pathway such that maternal alcohol dependence predicted increases in mothers' insensitivity to children's emotional distress across a one-year period (β = .16, p = .013), which subsequently predicted decreases in children's emotional reactivity one year later (β = -.29, p = .009). Results suggest that mothers with alcohol dependence symptoms may struggle to sensitively respond to children's emotional distress, which may prompt children to suppress or hide their emotions as an adaptive, protective strategy. The potential developmental benefits and consequences of early, protective expressive suppression strategies are discussed via developmental psychopathology frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa L Sturge-Apple
- Department of Psychology and Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patrick T Davies
- Department of Psychology and Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Jenkins KC, Difatta J, Jones EE, Kreutzer KA, Way BM, Phan KL, Gorka SM. Sleep quality impacts the link between reactivity to uncertain threat and anxiety and alcohol use in youth. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14490. [PMID: 38217499 PMCID: PMC10922133 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Individual differences in reactivity to unpredictable threat (U-threat) have repeatedly been linked to symptoms of anxiety and drinking behavior. An emerging theory is that individuals who are hyper-reactive to U-threat experience chronic anticipatory anxiety, hyperarousal, and are vulnerable to excessive alcohol use via negative reinforcement processes. Notably, anxiety and alcohol use commonly relate to disruptions in sleep behavior and recent findings suggest that sleep quality may impact the link between reactivity to U-threat and psychiatric symptoms and behaviors. The aim of the current study was to examine the unique and interactive effects of reactivity to U-threat and sleep quality on anxiety symptoms and drinking behavior in a cohort of youth, ages 16-19 years. Participants (N = 112) completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task designed to probe individual differences in reactivity to U-threat and predictable threat (P-threat). Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during the task as an index of aversive reactivity. Participants also completed well-validated self-report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms, lifetime alcohol use, and current sleep quality. Results revealed significant startle reactivity to U-threat by sleep quality interactions on anxiety symptoms and lifetime drinking behavior. At high levels of sleep disturbance (only), greater reactivity to U-threat was associated with greater anxiety symptoms and total number of lifetime alcoholic beverages. These results suggest that sensitivity to uncertainty and chronic hyperarousal increases anxiety symptoms and alcohol use behavior, particularly in the context of poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan Difatta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily E Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kayla A Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Baldwin M Way
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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27
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Bosscher II, de la Rie SM, van der Aa N, Boelen PA. Profiles of posttraumatic stress disorder and negative world assumptions in treatment-seeking refugees. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2314915. [PMID: 38353932 PMCID: PMC10868437 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2314915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Refugees often suffer from trauma-related psychopathology, specifically posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Negative world assumptions are strongly correlated with the development, course, and severity of PTSD.Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether there are distinct profiles of PTSD and negative world assumptions (NWA) and examine whether trauma load, torture, and gender differentially predict such symptom profiles.Method: In a sample of 225 treatment-seeking refugees who had resettled in the Netherlands, latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients sharing the same profile of PTSD and NWA symptoms. Predictors of profile membership were analyzed via multinomial logistic regression.Results: A three-profile solution yielded the best model fit: a low PTSD/low NWA profile (23.6%), a high PTSD/high NWA profile (41.8%), and a high PTSD/low NWA profile (34.7%). Participants who reported a higher trauma load, were more likely to be part of the high PTSD/high NWA profile or the high PTSD/low NWA profile in comparison to low PTSD/low NWA profile. Participants who reported having experienced torture were more likely to be part of the high PTSD/high NWA profile in comparison to low PTSD/low NWA profile. Gender did not differentiate between the profiles.Conclusions: This study reveals that among treatment-seeking refugees resettled in the Netherlands, there are distinct profiles of PTSD and NWA. These profiles indicate that PTSD and NWA are not uniformly experienced among refugees, emphasizing the diversity in their psychological responses to trauma. Among individuals experiencing severe PTSD symptoms, a subgroup was identified of individuals who additionally exhibited negative assumptions about themselves, others, and the world. Recognizing this heterogeneity is crucial in both research and clinical practice, particularly in the context of refugee mental health. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris I. Bosscher
- ARQ Centrum’45, Diemen, the Netherlands
- ARQ Nationaal Psychotrauma Centrum, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone M. de la Rie
- ARQ Centrum’45, Diemen, the Netherlands
- ARQ Nationaal Psychotrauma Centrum, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van der Aa
- ARQ Centrum’45, Diemen, the Netherlands
- ARQ Nationaal Psychotrauma Centrum, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A. Boelen
- ARQ Centrum’45, Diemen, the Netherlands
- ARQ Nationaal Psychotrauma Centrum, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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28
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Skandsen A, Nilsen SA, Hysing M, Teicher MH, Sand L, Bøe T. Associations Between Distinct Trauma Classes and Mental Health Care Utilization in Norwegian Adolescents: A National Registry Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01671-9. [PMID: 38332363 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents who experience potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) have an increased risk of psychopathology. PTEs often co-occur and may form interrelated patterns of exposure. This study investigated underlying classes of PTE exposure among Norwegian adolescent participants in the youth@hordaland study, and whether such classes were associated with contact with child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and psychiatric diagnoses. The data stem from the population-based youth@hordaland study conducted in 2012 which was linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR, n = 8845). Exposure to PTEs was assessed by adolescent self-report whereas psychiatric disorders (Axis 1) were derived from the NPR. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify distinct classes of PTE exposure-patterns in the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between classes of PTEs and contact with CAMHS and psychiatric diagnoses. Three classes of PTE exposure were identified based on model fit indices and theoretical considerations. Compared with participants in the low trauma class (88% of participants), those in the Situational-(6%) and Interpersonal trauma class (6%) had higher odds-ratios (ORs) for contact with CAMHS (OR = 2.27 (95% CI [1.78, 2.87])) and (OR = 3.26 (95% CI [2.61, 4.04])) respectively, and for being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder in CAMHS (ORs ranged from 2.19 - 10.4) after adjusting for sex and parental education. There were more participants diagnosed with ADHD within the Interpersonal trauma class compared to the Situational trauma class when adjusting for sex and parental education (OR = 2.22 (95% CI [1.17, 4.40])). Three relatively homogeneous PTE classes, consisting of distinct patterns of trauma exposure were associated with a higher odds of contact with CAMHS and of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder in CAMHS. The study highlights the co-occurrence of PTEs and their impact across the diagnostic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Skandsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Liv Sand
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Gerin MI, Viding E, Neil L, Armbruster-Genc DJN, Freeman Z, Sharp M, Phillips H, McCrory EJ. Heightened response to positive facial cues as a potential marker of resilience following childhood adversity. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2309783. [PMID: 38318813 PMCID: PMC10849006 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2309783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment profoundly influences social and emotional development, increasing psychiatric risk. Alterations in the implicit processing of threat-related cues following early abuse and neglect represent a marker of mental health vulnerability. Less is known about how early adversity influences the perception of positive social cues, despite their central role in establishing and maintaining social interactions and their association with better mental health outcomes.Methods: The sample consisted of 42 children and adolescents with substantiated childhood maltreatment experiences and 32 peers (mean age 13.3), matched on age, pubertal status, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and cognitive ability. A computerised experimental task assessed the perceived emotional intensity of positive (happy) and negative (fearful) facial expressions. Mental health symptoms were measured via self- and parental reports, and perceived social support was self-reported.Results: The experience of abuse and neglect was associated with heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues. Cross-sectional post-hoc moderation and mediation analyses, employing a model-building approach, revealed that in maltreatment-exposed participants: (i) their increased response to positive facial cues was associated with lower symptoms; (ii) the presence of social support accounted for their heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues; (iii) the presence of social support putatively contributed to lower symptoms by increasing the perceived intensity of positive facial cues. No group differences in perceived intensity of negative expressions were observed.Conclusions: These findings provide fresh insight into how positive faces are processed following maltreatment experience in childhood. Maltreatment experience was found to be associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support. This suggests that heightened saliency of positive emotions acts protectively in children with maltreatment experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia I. Gerin
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Neil
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ze Freeman
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Molly Sharp
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Phillips
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eamon J. McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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30
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Schacter HL, Marusak HA, Borg BA, Jovanovic T. Facing ambiguity: Social threat sensitivity mediates the association between peer victimization and adolescent anxiety. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:112-120. [PMID: 36200351 PMCID: PMC10151014 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peer victimization is a developmentally salient stressor that elevates adolescents' risk for anxiety disorders. However, modifiable mechanisms that explain this link and can be targeted via therapeutic interventions remain poorly understood. Drawing from psychobiological models implicating aberrant threat sensitivity in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, the current study investigated sensitivity to peer-related social threats as a mechanism underlying the association between peer victimization and anxiety. A sample of 197 dyads of early adolescents (M age = 12.02; 46% female) and parents/guardians (M age = 41.46; 90% female) completed online surveys assessing peer victimization, sensitivity to potential (i.e., ambiguous) social threats, and anxiety. Controlling for potentially confounding demographic and psychosocial factors, both self- and parent-reported peer victimization were positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms. Additionally, there were significant indirect effects from self- and parent-reported peer victimization to anxiety via social threat sensitivity. Supplemental analyses indicated unique effects of covert, but not overt, peer victimization on social threat sensitivity and anxiety. The findings provide initial evidence that peer victimization experiences lower adolescents' threshold for interpreting threats in ambiguous social situations, which contributes to heightened anxiety. These results implicate social threat sensitivity as a potential therapeutic target for interrupting links from peer victimization to psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Schacter
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Hilary A. Marusak
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Breanna A. Borg
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI 48201
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31
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Long Y, Dickey L, Pegg S, Argiros A, Venanzi L, Dao A, Kujawa A. Interpersonal Trauma Effects on Adolescent Depression: The Moderating Role of Neurophysiological Responses to Positive Interpersonal Images. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:195-206. [PMID: 37707698 PMCID: PMC10843025 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Trauma exposure is associated with a heightened risk for depression and such risk is thought to vary based on the type of traumatic events (e.g., interpersonal, including abuse and domestic violence, or non-interpersonal, including accidents or natural disasters). Depression is often accompanied by altered emotional reactivity, and the late positive potential (LPP) serves as a reliable neurophysiological measure of sustained attention towards emotional stimuli, raising questions regarding the role of the LPP in moderating trauma effects on depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 201 adolescents aged 14-17 years (61.2% female) who were oversampled for current depression and elevated risk of depression based on maternal history. Clinical interviews were conducted to assess diagnoses and lifetime trauma exposure, and participants reported on current depressive symptoms. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was continuously recorded while participants completed a previously validated interpersonal emotional images task. Cumulative trauma (CT) and interpersonal trauma (IPT) were both associated with greater depressive symptoms, but non-interpersonal trauma (NIPT) was not significantly related to depressive symptoms. The association between IPT and depressive symptoms was moderated by the LPP to positive interpersonal images, such that IPT-exposed adolescents with blunted neural responses to such images showed the greatest symptoms. This result was specific to IPT, and the LPP to threatening interpersonal images did not significantly moderate the effects of IPT on depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the unique effects of interpersonal trauma on depressive symptoms and elucidate a potential vulnerability linking trauma exposure to depression risk among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinru Long
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America.
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Argiros
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
| | - Lisa Venanzi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
| | - Anh Dao
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America
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Hendrikse C, Lückhoff HK, Fouché JP, van den Heuvel LL, Emsley R, Seedat S, du Plessis S. Fronto-limbic white matter microstructural changes in psychiatrically healthy adults with childhood trauma. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25308. [PMID: 38361421 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) may influence brain white matter microstructure; however, few studies have examined the differential impact of distinct CT types on white matter microstructure in psychiatrically healthy adults living in a developing country. In adults without significant medical or psychiatric disorders, we investigated the association(s) between CT, including abuse and neglect, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of limbic tracts previously shown to be associated with CT. Participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance models were used to test the effects of total overall CT, as well as CT subtypes, on FA in six fronto-limbic tracts, adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. The final sample included 69 adults (age 47 ± 17 years; 70% female). Overall, CT had a significant main effect on FA for tracts of interest (p < .001). Greater CT severity was associated with lower FA for the bilateral and left stria terminalis (uncorrected) as well as the bilateral, left, and right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC; corrected). Exposure to total non-violent/deprivational trauma specifically was associated with lower FA of the bilateral, left, and right ALIC, suggesting that distinct types of CT are associated with differential white matter changes in apparently healthy adults. The ALIC predominantly carries fibers connecting the thalamus with prefrontal cortical regions. Microstructural alterations in the ALIC may be associated with functional brain changes, which may be adaptive or increase the risk of accelerated age-related cognitive decline, maladaptive behaviors, and subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanellé Hendrikse
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jean-Paul Fouché
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Skandsen A, Hysing M, Askeland KG, Teicher MH, Sand L, Bøe T. Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:92-102. [PMID: 37985958 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) is common among children and adolescents and associated with an increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses. This study aimed to ascertain how the number of PTEs differed across adolescent psychiatric diagnoses. Data on PTE exposure were derived from the youth@hordaland survey, and Axis 1 data were from the linked Norwegian National Patient Registry (NPR). Among 10,257 total adolescents, 9,555 (age range: 16-19 years, 53.9% female) consented to register linkage, 8,845 of whom were included in the analyses. Having contact with Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) predicted more PTEs (estimated marginal mean [EMM] = 1.04, SE = 0.05) and exposure to two or more PTEs compared to having no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.60) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, sex, and parental education. Adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, trauma-related disorders, conduct disorder, and anxiety experienced significantly more PTEs (EMMs = 0.90-1.63) than those with no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.57, SE = 0.01). All diagnostic categories except psychosis, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders had a significantly higher rate of PTEs compared with adolescents with no CAMHS contact. The study highlights the potential role of exposure to multiple PTEs as a transdiagnostic risk factor, although the level of risk varies between diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Skandsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liv Sand
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Lurie LA, Rosen ML, Weissman DG, Machlin L, Lengua L, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status and neural function supporting working memory: a longitudinal fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad545. [PMID: 38236725 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood experiences of low socioeconomic status are associated with alterations in neural function in the frontoparietal network and ventral visual stream, which may drive differences in working memory. However, the specific features of low socioeconomic status environments that contribute to these disparities remain poorly understood. Here, we examined experiences of cognitive deprivation (i.e. decreased variety and complexity of experience), as opposed to experiences of threat (i.e. violence exposure), as a potential mechanism through which family income contributes to alterations in neural activation during working memory. As part of a longitudinal study, 148 youth between aged 10 and 13 years completed a visuospatial working memory fMRI task. Early childhood low income, chronicity of low income in early childhood, and current income-to-needs were associated with task-related activation in the ventral visual stream and frontoparietal network. The association of family income with decreased activation in the lateral occipital cortex and intraparietal sulcus during working memory was mediated by experiences of cognitive deprivation. Surprisingly, however, family income and deprivation were not significantly related to working memory performance, and only deprivation was associated with academic achievement in this sample. Taken together, these findings suggest that early life low income and associated cognitive deprivation are important factors in neural function supporting working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Lurie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Maya L Rosen
- Program in Neuroscience, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, MA 01073, United States
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Laura Machlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Lilliana Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 3921 W. Stevens Way, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- The Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, 2800 NE Liberty Street, Portland, OR 97211, United States
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Feola B, Moussa-Tooks AB, Sheffield JM, Heckers S, Woodward ND, Blackford JU. Threat Responses in Schizophrenia: A Negative Valence Systems Framework. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:9-25. [PMID: 38183600 PMCID: PMC10962319 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emotions are prominent in theories and accounts of schizophrenia but are largely understudied compared to cognition. Utilizing the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence Systems framework, we review the current knowledge of emotions in schizophrenia. Given the pivotal role of threat responses in theories of schizophrenia and the substantial evidence of altered threat responses, we focus on three components of Negative Valence Systems tied to threat responses: responses to acute threat, responses to potential threat, and sustained threat. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show altered responses to neutral stimuli during acute threat, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis connectivity in response to potential threat, and threat responses associated with sustained threat. Our review concludes that Negative Valence Systems are altered in schizophrenia; however, the level and evidence of alterations vary across the types of threat responses. We suggest avenues for future research to further understand and intervene on threat responses in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandee Feola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jennifer U Blackford
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Haim-Nachum S, Amsalem D, Lazarov A, Zabag R, Neria Y, Sopp MR. Anhedonia mediates the relationships between childhood trauma and symptom severity of PTSD and depression, but not of social anxiety. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:577-584. [PMID: 37863363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is a risk factor for developing multiple forms of psychopathology, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety. Yet, the mechanisms linking childhood trauma and these psychopathologies remain less clear. OBJECTIVE Here we examined whether anhedonia, a reduced ability to experience pleasure, may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and symptom severity of depression, PTSD, and social anxiety. METHODS A total of 230 trauma-exposed participants aged 18-75 were assessed for lifetime trauma exposure, including general and childhood traumatic events, anhedonia, and symptoms of depression, PTSD, and social anxiety. RESULTS Controlling for age, gender, and general lifetime trauma exposure, mediation analyses revealed a significant mediation effect of anhedonia for the relationship between childhood trauma and symptom severity of depression and PTSD, but not social anxiety. To better understand these significant mediation effects, we repeated the analyses separately for childhood abuse and neglect, and then for the various subtypes of each type of childhood trauma. Results showed a significant mediation effect of anhedonia on symptoms of both depression and PTSD in individuals who reported high emotional and sexual abuse levels. F Anhedonia was also found to mediate the relationship between both emotional and physical neglect and symptoms of depression and PTSD. CONCLUSION These findings refine our understanding of the ways in which childhood traumatic experiences may be associated with different mental health problems by increasing anhedonia. Anhedonia may be an important treatment target in survivors of childhood abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilat Haim-Nachum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Doron Amsalem
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit Lazarov
- Tel-Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Zabag
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Roxanne Sopp
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Sequeira S, Carmel T, Tervo-Clemmens B, Edmiston EK. Future Directions in the Mental Health of Transgender Youth: Towards a Social-Affective Developmental Model of Health Disparity. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:866-876. [PMID: 37910433 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2272972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental health disparities in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are well-documented. These disparities are often studied in the context of minority stress theory, and most of this research focuses on experiences of trauma and discrimination TGD youth experience after coming out. However, TGD youth may be targets of violence and victimization due to perceived gender nonconformity before coming out. In this Future Directions, we integrate research on attachment, developmental trauma, and effects of racism and homophobia on mental health to propose a social-affective developmental framework for TGD youth. We provide a clinical vignette to highlight limitations in current approaches to mental health assessment in TGD youth and to illustrate how using a social-affective developmental framework can improve clinical assessment and treatment approaches and deepen our understanding of mental health disparities in TGD people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar Carmel
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Richmond
| | | | - E Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine
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Zhen-Duan J, Nuñez M, Solomon MB, Geracioti T, Jacquez F. Adverse Childhood Experiences and alcohol use among U.S.-born and immigrant Latinx youth: the roles of social support and stress hormones. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:3568-3580. [PMID: 38404361 PMCID: PMC10888520 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The biobehavioral correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among Latinx youth have been strikingly understudied. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the effects of T-ACEs (e.g., maltreatment, family dysfunction) and E-ACEs (e.g., family deportation, community violence) in alcohol use, 2) test whether social support moderated these associations and 3) explore whether ACEs and alcohol use were related via adrenocortical hormones (i.e., cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]). A total of 100 Latinx youth, between the ages of 13 and 19, participated in this study (53% female). Community samples of United States (U.S.)-born (N = 54) and immigrant Latinx (N = 46) youth provided morning saliva samples and completed self-report questionnaires. Results highlighted that for immigrant youth, social support buffered the effects of E-ACEs on alcohol use, F(9,89)= 3.34, p = .01, R2 = .25. Although our mediation hypothesis was not supported, the direct effects of T-ACEs (β = .25, t (94) = 2.21, p = .03) and E-ACES (β = -.24, t (94) = -2.23, p = .03) on DHEA were significant for the entire sample. Preventing maltreatment and reducing community-level adversities seem critical for optimal child development, as exposure to these may increase alcohol use risk and affect HPA Axis functioning. Increasing extrafamilial support may be particularly salient for immigrant Latinx youth, as many experience extended immigration-related periods of separation from family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114 United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive Boston, MA 02215 United States
| | - Miguel Nuñez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 66 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45219 United States
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 66 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45219 United States
| | - Thomas Geracioti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2631 Erie Ave, Suite 3, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208 United States
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 66 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45219 United States
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Thomas M, Whittle S, Tian YE, van Rheenen TE, Zalesky A, Cropley VL. Pathways from threat exposure to psychotic symptoms in youth: The role of emotion recognition bias and brain structure. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:304-313. [PMID: 37898031 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development. METHODS Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined. RESULTS Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye E Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Duprey EB, Handley ED, Wyman PA, Ross AJ, Cerulli C, Oshri A. Child maltreatment and youth suicide risk: A developmental conceptual model and implications for suicide prevention. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1732-1755. [PMID: 36097812 PMCID: PMC10008764 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experiences of child abuse and neglect are risk factors for youth suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Accordingly, suicide risk may emerge as a developmental process that is heavily influenced by the rearing environment. We argue that a developmental, theoretical framework is needed to guide future research on child maltreatment and youth (i.e., adolescent and emerging adult) suicide, and to subsequently inform suicide prevention efforts. We propose a developmental model that integrates principles of developmental psychopathology and current theories of suicide to explain the association between child maltreatment and youth suicide risk. This model bears significant implications for future research on child maltreatment and youth suicide risk, and for suicide prevention efforts that target youth with child maltreatment experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn B. Duprey
- Children’s Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Handley
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A. Wyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ross
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- The Susan B. Anthony Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Knefel M, Karatzias T, Spinazzola J, Shevlin M, Ford JD. The relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder and developmental trauma disorder with childhood psychopathology: A network analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 99:102766. [PMID: 37690357 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potentially traumatic experiences are a major risk factor for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Posttraumatic psychopathology includes trauma-specific disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as other psychiatric disorders. Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) has been proposed as a developmentally sensitive diagnosis. We aimed to further illuminate the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions with DTD and PTSD. METHOD In a convenience sample of families of 507 children and adolescents (mean age = 12.11 years old, SD = 2.92; 48.5% female), we assessed DTD, PTSD, and screened for psychiatric disorders. We estimated network models including DTD, PTSD and ten psychiatric conditions. RESULTS We found that DTD and PTSD share both common and differential comorbidity features on disorder-, domain-, and symptom-level. The differential comorbidity patterns of the DTD and PTSD domains placed DTD close to both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology while PTSD was primarily linked to internalizing conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for the complex clinical presentation of posttraumatic psychopathology over and above PTSD in children. DTD and PTSD provide useful and distinct diagnostic categories for children who are also experiencing internalizing conditions, and DTD may be especially relevant for children who are experiencing externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knefel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Landesklinikum Baden , Baden bei Wien, Austria.
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK; Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Coleraine, UK
| | - Julian D Ford
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Kaufman-Parks AM, Longmore MA, Manning WD, Giordano PC. Understanding the effect of adverse childhood experiences on the risk of engaging in physical violence toward an intimate partner: The influence of relationship, social psychological, and sociodemographic contextual risk factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106381. [PMID: 37542994 PMCID: PMC10528963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) in later life. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between ACEs and engaging in physical violence toward a romantic partner in emerging adulthood while also accounting for proximal life experiences, including social psychological, intimate relationship, and sociodemographic characteristics. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study draws on two waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, a 19-year population-based longitudinal cohort study of adolescents transitioning to adulthood from Lucas County, Ohio (United States). This investigation includes 878 (399 men and 479 women) emerging adults. METHODS To evaluate the association between ACEs and IPV perpetration, two waves of survey data were used, collected in 2001 and 2011-2012. RESULTS ACEs had a cumulative effect on IPV, where each additional ACE increased the odds of engaging in IPV by 51.0 % (p < 0.001). However, current drug use (OR = 1.131, p < 0.05), arguments between partners (OR = 1.517, p < 0.01), partner mistrust (OR = 1.663, p < 0.001), and jealousy and control (OR = 1.412, p < 0.001) were also significant correlates of IPV reports. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are a significant predictor of IPV perpetration among emerging adults, even when accounting for more proximal risk factors. These findings suggest that individuals working with clients who engage in IPV would do well to address the long-term trauma impacts of early life adversity in addition to more proximal risk factors to reduce the risk of continued violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Kaufman-Parks
- Assumption University, Department of Sociology & Criminology, 500 Salisbury Street, Worcester, MA 01609, United States.
| | - Monica A Longmore
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Peggy C Giordano
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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Malik I, Perez A, Toombs E, Schmidt F, Olthuis JV, Charlton J, Grassia E, Squier C, Stasiuk K, Bobinski T, Mushquash AR. Female youth and mental health service providers' perspectives on the JoyPop™ app: a qualitative study. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1197362. [PMID: 37829596 PMCID: PMC10566298 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1197362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mobile health (mHealth) apps are a promising adjunct to traditional mental health services, especially in underserviced areas. Developed to foster resilience in youth, the JoyPop™ app has a growing evidence base showing improvement in emotion regulation and mental health symptoms among youth. However, whether this novel technology will be accepted among those using or providing mental health services remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the JoyPop™ app's acceptance among (a) a clinical sample of youth and (b) mental health service providers. Method A qualitative descriptive approach involving one-on-one semi-structured interviews was conducted. Interviews were guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and were analyzed using a deductive-inductive content analysis approach. Results All youth (n = 6 females; Mage = 14.60, range 12-17) found the app easy to learn and use and expressed positive feelings towards using the app. Youth found the app useful because it facilitated accessibility to helpful coping skills (e.g., journaling to express their emotions; breathing exercises to increase calmness) and positive mental health outcomes (e.g., increased relaxation and reduced stress). All service providers (n = 7 females; Mage = 43.75, range 32-60) perceived the app to be useful and easy to use by youth within their services and expressed positive feelings about integrating the app into usual care. Service providers also highlighted various organizational factors affecting the app's acceptance. Youth and service providers raised some concerns about apps in general and provided recommendations to improve the JoyPop™ app. Discussion Results support youth and service providers' acceptance of the JoyPop™ app and lend support for it as an adjunctive resource to traditional mental health services for youth with emotion regulation difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Malik
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Arnaldo Perez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elaine Toombs
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Children’s Centre Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jaidyn Charlton
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Grassia
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal Squier
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - Kristine Stasiuk
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Bobinski
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, ON, Canada
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44
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Bär A, Bär HE, Rijkeboer MM, Lobbestael J. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Modes in clinical disorders: A systematic review. Psychol Psychother 2023; 96:716-747. [PMID: 37026578 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although schema therapy has been predominantly applied to treat personality disorders, interest into its application in other clinical disorders is growing. Central to schema therapy are Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and Schema Modes. Since existing EMS and Schema Modes were primarily developed in the context of personality disorders, their relevance for clinical disorders is unclear. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the presence of EMS and Schema Modes in clinical disorders according to DSM criteria. Per disorder, we evaluated which EMS and Schema Modes were more pronounced in comparison with clinical as well as non-clinical control groups and which EMS and Schema Modes were most highly endorsed within the disorder. RESULTS Although evidence concerning EMS was scarce for several disorders, and only few studies on Schema Modes survived inclusion criteria, we identified meaningful relationships and patterns for EMS and Schema Modes in various clinical disorders. CONCLUSIONS The present review highlights the relevance of EMS and Schema Modes for clinical disorders beyond personality disorders. Depending on the theme of the representation, EMS act as vulnerabilities both across diagnoses and for specific disorders. Thus, EMS and resulting Schema Modes are potential, valuable targets for the prevention and treatment of clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bär
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hannah E Bär
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marleen M Rijkeboer
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Lobbestael
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ross AJ, Handley ED, Toth SL, Manly JT, Cicchetti D. The Role of Peer- and Self-Appraisals in the Association Between Maltreatment and Symptomatology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1289-1301. [PMID: 37284898 PMCID: PMC10524635 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research highlights the use of artificial boundaries between distinct types of adverse experiences, including forms of maltreatment. Commonly-utilized methods that isolate the impact of one maltreatment subtype over others and fail to consider the often co-occurring nature of maltreatment may not adequately capture the complex heterogeneous nature of maltreatment and may obscure understanding of developmental pathways. Moreover, childhood maltreatment is associated with the development of maladaptive peer relationships and psychopathology, with negative conceptions of relationships identified as a risk pathway. The current study utilizes structural equation modeling to examine the impact of an adapted threat versus deprivation framework for conceptualizing maltreatment via children's negative conceptions of relationships, which have not been previously tested as mechanisms in the context of this conceptual framework. Participants included 680 socioeconomically disadvantaged children who attended a week-long summer camp. Multi-informant methods were used to assess children's symptomatology and interpersonal functioning. Results did not support differences between threatening versus depriving maltreatment experiences, but indicated that all groups of children who experienced maltreatment, including those enduring both threatening and depriving experiences, showed more maladaptive functioning and more negative conceptions of relationships relative to non-maltreated peers. Results of the current study support the mediating role of children's appraisals of the self and peers in the effect of maltreatment on children's internalizing and externalizing symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Minnesota
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Boullion A, Linde-Krieger LB, Doan SN, Yates TM. Parental warmth, adolescent emotion regulation, and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1216502. [PMID: 37727752 PMCID: PMC10505753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The United States (U.S.) Surgeon General Advisory has characterized the COVID-19 pandemic as a youth mental health crisis. Thus, elucidating factors affecting adolescents' mental health during the pandemic is important for supporting youth through current and future challenges. Parenting influences adolescents' ability to cope with stressors, and emotion regulation strategy use may underlie these effects. Methods This longitudinal study of 206 adolescents (49% female; 46.6% Latine) from the U.S. evaluated pathways from perceived parental warmth and affection at age 12 to changes in adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems from before the pandemic (age 14) to the initial phase of the U.S COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020 (age 15) through adolescents' pre-pandemic cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression emotion regulation strategy use at age 14. Results Parental warmth and affection predicted decreased internalizing, but not externalizing, problems during the initial phase of the pandemic, and this effect was explained by adolescents' reduced reliance on expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy. Conclusion These findings illuminate parenting and emotion regulation strategy selection as modifiable processes to support adolescents' mental health in this crisis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaMaria Boullion
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linnea B. Linde-Krieger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Stacey N. Doan
- Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Tuppett M. Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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Švecová J, Furstova J, Kaščáková N, Hašto J, Tavel P. The effect of childhood trauma and resilience on psychopathology in adulthood: Does bullying moderate the associations? BMC Psychol 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37568213 PMCID: PMC10422767 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood, including bullying, can negatively affect physical and mental health in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in different sociodemographic groups of the Slovak Republic and to assess the moderating effect of bullying on the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and the later occurrence of psychopathology. METHODS For the analyses, a representative sample of the population of the Slovak Republic was used (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive ability of childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and resilience (The Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) to explain psychopathology (The Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-53). Bullying (The Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire, ACE-IQ) was used as a moderator. RESULTS In total, 13.5% of respondents have experienced bullying. The most common form of bullying was making fun of someone because of how their body or face looked (46.7%) and excluding someone from activities or ignoring them (36.5%). Higher scores in all types of psychopathology and the Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly associated with higher scores of emotional and sexual abuse, and some of them with physical neglect. The protective effect of resilience was moderated by bullying in several types of psychopathology, specifically in somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism, and the GSI. CONCLUSION Understanding the links between childhood trauma, bullying, and later psychopathology can help professionals target policies, resources, and interventions to support children and families at risk. Every child should feel accepted and safe at home and school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Švecová
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Kaščáková
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hašto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
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Kerber A, Gewehr E, Zimmermann J, Sachser C, M Fegert J, Knaevelsrud C, Spitzer C. Adverse childhood experiences and personality functioning interact substantially in predicting depression, anxiety, and somatization. Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:246-258. [PMID: 36740219 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Etiological theories on the development of psychopathology often incorporate adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as an important contributing factor. Recent studies suggest personality functioning (PF; i.e., stability of the self and interpersonal relationships) as an important transdiagnostic construct that could be useful in better understanding when persons with ACE do (not) develop psychopathological symptoms. A representative sample of N = 2363 was assessed by questionnaires on ACE, PF (Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0), and current symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization (Brief Symptom Inventory 18). The interaction between ACE and PF on symptoms was investigated using multiple group models and Bayesian structural equation modeling. ACE were positively associated with psychopathology and PF impairments. The interaction effect between ACE and PF explained incremental variance in current symptoms, ranging from 26% for somatization to 49% for depression with the complete model explaining up to 91% of the latent variance in psychopathology. Our findings indicate a diathesis-stress model with PF as a resource or resilience that may buffer against the development of symptoms in the face of adversity. Treatments of depression and anxiety targeting self and interpersonal functioning therefore may lead to improvements in resilience and relapse prevention. [Correction added on 15 March 2023, after first online publication: Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form has been replaced to Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kerber
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elsa Gewehr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Cedric Sachser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Spitzer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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White LK, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Jones JD, Himes MM, Young JF, Gur RC, Gur RE. Risk and Resilience Measures Related to Psychopathology in Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:961-972. [PMID: 35037180 PMCID: PMC9289457 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity places youth at risk for multiple negative outcomes. The current study aimed to understand how a constellation of risk and resilience factors influenced mental health outcomes as a function of adversities: socioeconomic status (SES) and traumatic stressful events (TSEs). Specifically, we examined outcomes related to psychosis and mood disorders, as well as global clinical functioning. The current study is a longitudinal follow up of 140 participants from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) assessed for adversities at Time 1 (Mean age: 14.11 years) and risk, resilience, and clinical outcomes at Time 2 (mean age: 21.54 years). In the context of TSE, a limited set of predictors emerged as important; a more diverse set of moderators emerged in the context of SES. Across adversities, social support was a unique predictor of psychosis spectrum diagnoses and global functioning; emotion dysregulation was an important predictor for mood diagnoses. The current findings underscore the importance of understanding effects of childhood adversity on maladaptive outcomes within a resilience framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K White
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason D Jones
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan M Himes
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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50
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Lewis MW, Webb CA, Kuhn M, Akman E, Jobson SA, Rosso IM. Predicting Fear Extinction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1131. [PMID: 37626488 PMCID: PMC10452660 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear extinction is the basis of exposure therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but half of patients do not improve. Predicting fear extinction in individuals with PTSD may inform personalized exposure therapy development. The participants were 125 trauma-exposed adults (96 female) with a range of PTSD symptoms. Electromyography, electrocardiogram, and skin conductance were recorded at baseline, during dark-enhanced startle, and during fear conditioning and extinction. Using a cross-validated, hold-out sample prediction approach, three penalized regressions and conventional ordinary least squares were trained to predict fear-potentiated startle during extinction using 50 predictor variables (5 clinical, 24 self-reported, and 21 physiological). The predictors, selected by penalized regression algorithms, were included in multivariable regression analyses, while univariate regressions assessed individual predictors. All the penalized regressions outperformed OLS in prediction accuracy and generalizability, as indexed by the lower mean squared error in the training and holdout subsamples. During early extinction, the consistent predictors across all the modeling approaches included dark-enhanced startle, the depersonalization and derealization subscale of the dissociative experiences scale, and the PTSD hyperarousal symptom score. These findings offer novel insights into the modeling approaches and patient characteristics that may reliably predict fear extinction in PTSD. Penalized regression shows promise for identifying symptom-related variables to enhance the predictive modeling accuracy in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Lewis
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian A. Webb
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Kuhn
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eylül Akman
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Sydney A. Jobson
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Rosso
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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