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Martinez Del Castillo E, Torbenson MCA, Reinig F, Konter O, Ziaco E, Büntgen U, Esper J. Diverging growth trends and climate sensitivities of individual pine trees after the 1976 extreme drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174370. [PMID: 38945248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Summer droughts are affecting the productivity and functioning of central European forests, with potentially lasting consequences for species composition and carbon sequestration. Long-term recovery rates and individual growth responses that may diverge from species-specific and population-wide behaviour are, however, poorly understood. Here, we present 2052 pine (Pinus sylvestris) ring width series from 19 forest sites in south-west Germany to investigate growth responses of individual trees to the exceptionally hot and dry summer of 1976. This outstanding drought event presents a distinctive test case to examine long-term post-drought recovery dynamics. We have proposed a new classification approach to identify a distinct sub-population of trees, referred to as "temporarily affected trees", with a prevalence ranging from 9 to 33 % across the forest stands. These trees exhibited an exceptionally prolonged growth suppression, lasting over a decade, indicating significantly lower resilience to the 1976 drought and a 50 % reduced capacity to recover to pre-drought states. Furthermore, shifts in resilience and recovery dynamics are accompanied by changing climate sensitivities, notably an increased response to maximum temperatures and summer droughts in post-1976 affected pines. Our findings underscore the likely interplay between individual factors and micro-site conditions that contribute to divergent tree responses to droughts. Assessing these factors at the individual tree level is recommended to advancing our understanding of forest responses to extreme drought events. By analyzing sub-population growth patterns, our study provides valuable insights into the impacts of summer droughts on central European forests in context of increasing drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max C A Torbenson
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Konter
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emanuele Ziaco
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CzechGlobe), Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Vospernik S, Vigren C, Morin X, Toïgo M, Bielak K, Brazaitis G, Bravo F, Heym M, Del Río M, Jansons A, Löf M, Nothdurft A, Pardos M, Pach M, Ponette Q, Pretzsch H. Can mixing Quercus robur and Quercus petraea with Pinus sylvestris compensate for productivity losses due to climate change? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173342. [PMID: 38848911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with a representative concentration pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing of 4.5 W m-2 and 8.5 W m-2 by 2100, respectively, predict an increase in temperature of 1-4.5° Celsius for Europe and a simultaneous shift in precipitation patterns leading to increased drought frequency and severity. The negative consequences of such changes on tree growth on dry sites or at the dry end of a tree species distribution are well-known, but rarely quantified across large gradients. In this study, the growth of Quercus robur and Quercus petraea (Q. spp.) and Pinus sylvestris in pure and mixed stands was predicted for a historical scenario and the two climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 using the individual tree growth model PrognAus. Predictions were made along an ecological gradient ranging from current mean annual temperatures of 5.5-11.4 °C and with mean annual precipitation sums of 586-929 mm. Initial data for the simulation consisted of 23 triplets established in pure and mixed stands of Q. spp. and P. sylvestris. After doing the simulations until 2100, we fitted a linear mixed model using the predicted volume in the year 2100 as response variable to describe the general trends in the simulation results. Productivity decreased for both Q. spp. and P. sylvestris with increasing temperature, and more so, for the warmer sites of the gradient. P. sylvestris is the more productive tree species in the current climate scenario, but the competitive advantage shifts to Q. spp., which is capable to endure very high negative water potentials, for the more severe climate change scenario. The Q. spp.-P. sylvestris mixture presents an intermediate resilience to increased scenario severity. Enrichment of P. sylvestris stands by creating mixtures with Q. spp., but not the opposite, might be a right silvicultural adaptive strategy, especially at lower latitudes. Tree species mixing can only partly compensate productivity losses due to climate change. This may, however, be possible in combination with other silvicultural adaptation strategies, such as thinning and uneven-aged management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vospernik
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carl Vigren
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xavier Morin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maude Toïgo
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gediminas Brazaitis
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Forest Science, Studentu 11, Akademija LT-53361, Kaunas dist, Lithuania
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, ETS de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. De Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Michael Heym
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Department Silviculture and Mountain Forest, Germany
| | - Miren Del Río
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR- INIA), CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas 111, Salaspils. Latvia
| | - Magnus Löf
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Arne Nothdurft
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Pardos
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR- INIA), CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maciej Pach
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29-Listopada, 46 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCLouvain - Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising. Germany
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3
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Novick KA, Ficklin DL, Grossiord C, Konings AG, Martínez-Vilalta J, Sadok W, Trugman AT, Williams AP, Wright AJ, Abatzoglou JT, Dannenberg MP, Gentine P, Guan K, Johnston MR, Lowman LEL, Moore DJP, McDowell NG. The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3561-3589. [PMID: 38348610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among the most consequential impacts of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects of plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth and survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple VPD to soil water and govern the evolution of drought, affecting a range of ecosystem services including carbon uptake, biodiversity, the provisioning of water resources and crop yields. However, despite the global nature of this phenomenon, research on how to incorporate these impacts into resilient management regimes is largely in its infancy, due in part to the entanglement of VPD trends with those of other co-evolving climate drivers. Here, we review the mechanistic bases of VPD impacts at a range of spatial scales, paying particular attention to the independent and interactive influence of VPD in the context of other environmental changes. We then evaluate the consequences of these impacts within key management contexts, including water resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation and management of natural grasslands and forests. We conclude with recommendations describing how management regimes could be altered to mitigate the otherwise highly deleterious consequences of rising VPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - A Park Williams
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Dannenberg
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumers, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Miriam R Johnston
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren E L Lowman
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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4
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Enderle L, Gribbe S, Muffler L, Weigel R, Hertel D, Leuschner C. A warmer climate impairs the growth performance of Central Europe's major timber species in lowland regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173665. [PMID: 38823720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent hot droughts have caused tree vitality decline and increased mortality in many forest regions on earth. Most of Central Europe's important timber species have suffered from the extreme 2018/2019 hot drought, confronting foresters with difficult questions about the choice of more drought- and heat-resistant tree species. We compared the growth dynamics of European beech, sessile oak, Scots pine and Douglas fir in a warmer and a cooler lowland region of Germany to explore the adaptive potential of the four species to climate warming (24 forest stands). The basal area increment (BAI) of the two conifers has declined since about 1990-2010 in both regions, and that of beech in the warmer region, while oak showed positive BAI trends. A 2 °C difference in mean temperatures and a higher frequency of hot days (temperature maximum >30 °C) resulted in greater sensitivity to a negative climatic water balance in beech and oak, and elevated sensitivity to summer heat in Douglas fir and pine. This suggests to include hot days in climate-growth analyses. Negative pointer years were closely related to dry years. Nevertheless, all species showed growth recovery within one to three years. We conclude that all four species are sensitive to a deteriorating climatic water balance and hot temperatures, and have so far not been able to successfully acclimate to the warmer climate, with especially Douglas and beech, but also Scots pine, being vulnerable to a warming and drying climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Enderle
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Stella Gribbe
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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5
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Xie L, Yang Y, Ma J, Lin G, Deng J, Robson TM, Peng H, Zhou L, Yu D, Wang QW. Variations in ectomycorrhizal exploration types parallel seedling fine root traits of two temperate tree species under extreme drought and contrasting solar radiation treatments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39139140 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Summary statementHigh solar radiation exacerbated the negative effects of extreme drought on plant growth and fine root traits. Ectomycorrhizae did not compensate for fine roots under drought stress. Fine roots biomass determined the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi, supporting the energy limitation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingran Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guigang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
| | - Thomas M Robson
- Programme Lead for Woodland Ecology & Conservation, UK National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Huan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
| | - Dapao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
| | - Qing-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Changbaishan Xipo National Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Baishan, China
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6
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Camarero JJ, Salinas-Bonillo MJ, Valeriano C, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Fernández-Cortés Á, Tamudo E, Montes F, Cabello J. Watering the trees for the forest: Drought alleviation in oaks and pines by ancestral ditches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175353. [PMID: 39116482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional ditches ("acequias" in Spanish) derive meltwater and infiltrate groundwater providing ecological services downstream in the semi-arid Sierra Nevada range (SE Spain). Therefore, they may act as a nature-based solution by alleviating drought stress in trees growing near ditches by enhancing growth and reducing their intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Such a mitigation role of acequias is critical given that some oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands reach their xeric distribution limits in Europe. We compared tree-ring width data and wood δ13C, a proxy of iWUE, in oak and pine stands located near or far (control) from ditches with different infiltration capacity in two watersheds. We assessed how trees responded to climate data, drought stress, and vegetation greenness through correlations and resilience indices. Oak trees located near ditches grew more and responded less to precipitation, soil moisture, a drought index, and greenness than control trees. In pines, we did not find this pattern, and ditch trees grew more than control trees only during an extremely dry year (1995). Climate-growth correlations suggested a longer growing season in ditch pines. Growth of ditch oaks from the "Acequia Nueva" (AN), with high infiltration capacity, responded more to autumn soil moisture and showed the lowest δ13C. Growth was enhanced by cool-wet spring conditions in pines and also by warm-wet conditions in the prior winter in the case of oaks. Control trees showed lower resistance to drought. Control trees presented higher wood δ13C values except for old oaks from the "Acequia Grande" (AG) site which may show long-term acclimation. Traditional ditches alleviate drought stress in oak and pine stands subjected to regional xeric climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María J Salinas-Bonillo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E. Lowell Street, Building no. 45, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Fernández-Cortés
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Elisa Tamudo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Fernando Montes
- Departamento de Dinámica y Gestión Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Cabello
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
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7
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Martius LR, Mencuccini M, Bittencourt PRL, Moraes Alves M, Binks O, Sanchez-Martinez P, da Costa ACL, Meir P. Towards accurate monitoring of water content in woody tissue across tropical forests and other biomes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae076. [PMID: 38952005 PMCID: PMC11299548 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems face increasing drought exposure due to climate change, necessitating accurate measurements of vegetation water content to assess drought stress and tree mortality risks. Although Frequency Domain Reflectometry offers a viable method for monitoring stem water content by measuring dielectric permittivity, challenges arise from uncertainties in sensor calibration linked to wood properties and species variability, impeding its wider usage. We sampled tropical forest trees and palms in eastern Amazônia to evaluate how sensor output differences are controlled by wood density, temperature and taxonomic identity. Three individuals per species were felled and cut into segments within a diverse dataset comprising five dicotyledonous tree and three monocotyledonous palm species on a wide range of wood densities. Water content was estimated gravimetrically for each segment using a temporally explicit wet-up/dry-down approach and the relationship with the dielectric permittivity was examined. Woody tissue density had no significant impact on the calibration, but species identity and temperature significantly affected sensor readings. The temperature artefact was quantitatively important at large temperature differences, which may have led to significant bias of daily and seasonal water content dynamics in previous studies. We established the first tropical tree and palm calibration equation which performed well for estimating water content. Notably, we demonstrated that the sensitivity remained consistent across species, enabling the creation of a simplified one-slope calibration for accurate, species-independent measurements of relative water content. Our one-slope calibration serves as a general, species-independent standard calibration for assessing relative water content in woody tissue, offering a valuable tool for quantifying drought responses and stress in trees and forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lion R Martius
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Paulo R L Bittencourt
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Moisés Moraes Alves
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Oliver Binks
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio C L da Costa
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
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8
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Feng X, Peterson AT, Aguirre-López LJ, Burger JR, Chen X, Papeş M. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1481-1503. [PMID: 38597328 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision-making, but commonly in the context of 'natural' settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human-natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human-influenced BAM (Hi-BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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9
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Guo JJ, Gong XW, Li XH, Zhang C, Duan CY, Lohbeck M, Sterck F, Hao GY. Coupled hydraulics and carbon economy underlie age-related growth decline and revitalisation of sand-fixing shrubs after crown removal. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2999-3014. [PMID: 38644635 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Crown removal revitalises sand-fixing shrubs that show declining vigour with age in drought-prone environments; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by comparing the growth performance, xylem hydraulics and plant carbon economy across different plant ages (10, 21 and 33 years) and treatments (control and crown removal) using a representative sand-fixing shrub (Caragana microphylla Lam.) in northern China. We found that growth decline with plant age was accompanied by simultaneous decreases in soil moisture, plant hydraulic efficiency and photosynthetic capacity, suggesting that these interconnected changes in plant water relations and carbon economy were responsible for this decline. Following crown removal, quick resprouting, involving remobilisation of root nonstructural carbohydrate reserves, contributed to the reconstruction of an efficient hydraulic system and improved plant carbon status, but this became less effective in older shrubs. These age-dependent effects of carbon economy and hydraulics on plant growth vigour provide a mechanistic explanation for the age-related decline and revitalisation of sand-fixing shrubs. This understanding is crucial for the development of suitable management strategies for shrub plantations constructed with species having the resprouting ability and contributes to the sustainability of ecological restoration projects in water-limited sandy lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Daqinggou Ecological Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Daqinggou Ecological Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Hua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Chun-Yang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Daqinggou Ecological Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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10
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Gauthey A, Kahmen A, Limousin JM, Vilagrosa A, Didion-Gency M, Mas E, Milano A, Tunas A, Grossiord C. High heat tolerance, evaporative cooling, and stomatal decoupling regulate canopy temperature and their safety margins in three European oak species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17439. [PMID: 39092538 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Heatwaves and soil droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity, leading many tree species to exceed their thermal thresholds, and driving wide-scale forest mortality. Therefore, investigating heat tolerance and canopy temperature regulation mechanisms is essential to understanding and predicting tree vulnerability to hot droughts. We measured the diurnal and seasonal variation in leaf water potential (Ψ), gas exchange (photosynthesis Anet and stomatal conductance gs), canopy temperature (Tcan), and heat tolerance (leaf critical temperature Tcrit and thermal safety margins TSM, i.e., the difference between maximum Tcan and Tcrit) in three oak species in forests along a latitudinal gradient (Quercus petraea in Switzerland, Quercus ilex in France, and Quercus coccifera in Spain) throughout the growing season. Gas exchange and Ψ of all species were strongly reduced by increased air temperature (Tair) and soil drying, resulting in stomatal closure and inhibition of photosynthesis in Q. ilex and Q. coccifera when Tair surpassed 30°C and soil moisture dropped below 14%. Across all seasons, Tcan was mainly above Tair but increased strongly (up to 10°C > Tair) when Anet was null or negative. Although trees endured extreme Tair (up to 42°C), positive TSM were maintained during the growing season due to high Tcrit in all species (average Tcrit of 54.7°C) and possibly stomatal decoupling (i.e., Anet ≤0 while gs >0). Indeed, Q. ilex and Q. coccifera trees maintained low but positive gs (despite null Anet), decreasing Ψ passed embolism thresholds. This may have prevented Tcan from rising above Tcrit during extreme heat. Overall, our work highlighted that the mechanisms behind heat tolerance and leaf temperature regulation in oak trees include a combination of high evaporative cooling, large heat tolerance limits, and stomatal decoupling. These processes must be considered to accurately predict plant damages, survival, and mortality during extreme heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gauthey
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arianna Milano
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Tunas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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Martes L, Pfleiderer P, Köhl M, Sillmann J. Using climate envelopes and earth system model simulations for assessing climate change induced forest vulnerability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17076. [PMID: 39048656 PMCID: PMC11269643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Changing climatic conditions threaten forest ecosystems. Drought, disease and infestation, are leading to forest die-offs which cause substantial economic and ecological losses. In central Europe, this is especially relevant for commercially important coniferous tree species. This study uses climate envelope exceedance (CEE) to approximate species risk under different future climate scenarios. To achieve this, we used current species presence-absence and historical climate data, coupled with future climate scenarios from various Earth System Models. Climate scenarios tended towards drier and warmer conditions, causing strong CEEs especially for spruce. However, we show that annual averages of temperature and precipitation obscure climate extremes. Including climate extremes reveals a broader increase in CEEs across all tree species. Our study shows that the consideration of climate extremes, which cannot be adequately reflected in annual averages, leads to a different assessment of the risk of forests and thus the options for adapting to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leam Martes
- Institute for Wood Science - World Forestry, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21029, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Pfleiderer
- Research Unit for Sustainability and Climate Risks, Universität Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
- Climate Analytics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Köhl
- Institute for Wood Science - World Forestry, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21029, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Sillmann
- Research Unit for Sustainability and Climate Risks, Universität Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Middleby KB, Cheesman AW, Cernusak LA. Impacts of elevated temperature and vapour pressure deficit on leaf gas exchange and plant growth across six tropical rainforest tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:648-661. [PMID: 38757766 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Elevated air temperature (Tair) and vapour pressure deficit (VPDair) significantly influence plant functioning, yet their relative impacts are difficult to disentangle. We examined the effects of elevated Tair (+6°C) and VPDair (+0.7 kPa) on the growth and physiology of six tropical tree species. Saplings were grown under well-watered conditions in climate-controlled glasshouses for 6 months under three treatments: (1) low Tair and low VPDair, (2) high Tair and low VPDair, and (3) high Tair and high VPDair. To assess acclimation, physiological parameters were measured at a set temperature. Warm-grown plants grown under elevated VPDair had significantly reduced stomatal conductance and increased instantaneous water use efficiency compared to plants grown under low VPDair. Photosynthetic biochemistry and thermal tolerance (Tcrit) were unaffected by VPDair, but elevated Tair caused Jmax25 to decrease and Tcrit to increase. Sapling biomass accumulation for all species responded positively to an increase in Tair, but elevated VPDair limited growth. This study shows that stomatal limitation caused by even moderate increases in VPDair can decrease productivity and growth rates in tropical species independently from Tair and has important implications for modelling the impacts of climate change on tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali B Middleby
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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13
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Li C, Zhang S. Disentangling the impact of climate change, human activities, vegetation dynamics and atmospheric CO 2 concentration on soil water use efficiency in global karst landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172865. [PMID: 38692319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil Water Use Efficiency (SWUE), which quantifies the carbon gain against each unit of soil moisture depletion, represents an essential ecological parameter that delineates the carbon-water coupling within terrestrial ecosystems. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SWUE, its sensitivity to environmental variables, and the underlying driving mechanisms across various temporal scales in the global karst region are largely uncharted. This study utilized the sensitivity algorithm of partial least squares regression, partial differential equations, and elasticity coefficients to investigate the characteristics of SWUE variations across different climatic zones in the global karst region and their responsiveness to environmental variables. Moreover, the study quantified the individual contributions of climate variability, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, human activities, and vegetation changes to SWUE variations. The results indicated that SWUE across different climatic zones in the global karst region demonstrated an increasing trend from 2000 to 2018, with the most notable improvement observed in the humid zone. SWUE presented regular distribution and variation characteristics across different latitudinal zones at a monthly scale. The sensitivity of SWUE to precipitation was significantly higher compared to its responsiveness to other environmental factors. Additionally, the trend in SWUE's sensitivity to precipitation demonstrated the most significant change. The sensitivity of SWUE to various environmental factors and the trend of this sensitivity in the arid zone revealed significant variation compared to other climatic zones. Gross primary productivity and soil moisture were identified as the intrinsic factors influencing SWUE changes, contributing 16 % and - 84 %, respectively. Climate variability and human activities were identified as the primary exogenous factors contributing to the increase in SWUE, accounting for 76 % and 16 %, respectively. This study advances the understanding of carbon-water coupling in karst regions, providing significant insights into the ecological management of global karst environments amidst climate variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
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14
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Song Y, Sapes G, Chang S, Chowdhry R, Mejia T, Hampton A, Kucharski S, Sazzad TMS, Zhang Y, Tillman BL, Resende MFR, Koppal S, Wilson C, Gerber S, Zare A, Hammond WM. Hyperspectral signals in the soil: Plant-soil hydraulic connection and disequilibrium as mechanisms of drought tolerance and rapid recovery. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38924477 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Predicting soil water status remotely is appealing due to its low cost and large-scale application. During drought, plants can disconnect from the soil, causing disequilibrium between soil and plant water potentials at pre-dawn. The impact of this disequilibrium on plant drought response and recovery is not well understood, potentially complicating soil water status predictions from plant spectral reflectance. This study aimed to quantify drought-induced disequilibrium, evaluate plant responses and recovery, and determine the potential for predicting soil water status from plant spectral reflectance. Two species were tested: sweet corn (Zea mays), which disconnected from the soil during intense drought, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea), which did not. Sweet corn's hydraulic disconnection led to an extended 'hydrated' phase, but its recovery was slower than peanut's, which remained connected to the soil even at lower water potentials (-5 MPa). Leaf hyperspectral reflectance successfully predicted the soil water status of peanut consistently, but only until disequilibrium occurred in sweet corn. Our results reveal different hydraulic strategies for plants coping with extreme drought and provide the first example of using spectral reflectance to quantify rhizosphere water status, emphasizing the need for species-specific considerations in soil water status predictions from canopy reflectance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Song
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gerard Sapes
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Spencer Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ritesh Chowdhry
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tomas Mejia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna Hampton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shelby Kucharski
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - T M Shahiar Sazzad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Barry L Tillman
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Márcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjeev Koppal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chris Wilson
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stefan Gerber
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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15
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Guo S, Xia L, Xia D, Li M, Xu W, Liu L. Enhancing plant resilience: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's role in alleviating drought stress in vegetation concrete. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1401050. [PMID: 38974980 PMCID: PMC11224527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Drought stress usually inhibits plant growth, which may increase the difficulty of greening slopes. Methods In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and drought tolerance of two plant species, Festuca elata and Cassia glauca, in a vegetation concrete environment by exogenously inoculating AM fungi and setting three drought levels: well water, moderate drought and severe drought. The results showed that plant growth was significantly inhibited under drought stress; however, AM fungi inoculation significantly promoted plant height, root length, and above- and belowground biomass in these two plant species. Results Compared with, those in the CK treatment, the greatest increases in the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the AM treatment group were 36.72%, 210.08%, and 66.41%, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with AM fungi increased plant superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 4.70-150.73% and 9.10-95.70%, respectively, and reduced leaf malondialdehyde content by 2.79-55.01%, which alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress. These effects alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress and increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in plant leaves by 1.52-65.44% and 4.67-97.54%, respectively, which further increased the drought adaptability of plants. However, inoculation with AM fungi had different effects on different plants. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrated that the inoculation of AM fungi in vegetation concrete environments can significantly increase plant growth and drought tolerance. The plants that formed a symbiotic structure with AM fungi had a larger root uptake area, greater water uptake capacity, and greater photosynthesis and gas exchange efficiency. In addition, AM fungi inoculation further increased the drought adaptability of the plants by increasing their antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating their metabolite content. These findings are highly important for promoting plant growth and increasing drought tolerance under drought conditions, especially for potential practical applications in areas such as slope protection, and provide useful references for future ecological engineering and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wennian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology (China Three Gorges University), Yichang, Hubei, China
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16
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Evans MEK, Dey SMN, Heilman KA, Tipton JR, DeRose RJ, Klesse S, Schultz EL, Shaw JD. Tree rings reveal the transient risk of extinction hidden inside climate envelope forecasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315700121. [PMID: 38830099 PMCID: PMC11181036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315700121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of climate in shaping species' geographic distributions, climate change poses an existential threat to biodiversity. Climate envelope modeling, the predominant approach used to quantify this threat, presumes that individuals in populations respond to climate variability and change according to species-level responses inferred from spatial occurrence data-such that individuals at the cool edge of a species' distribution should benefit from warming (the "leading edge"), whereas individuals at the warm edge should suffer (the "trailing edge"). Using 1,558 tree-ring time series of an aridland pine (Pinus edulis) collected at 977 locations across the species' distribution, we found that trees everywhere grow less in warmer-than-average and drier-than-average years. Ubiquitous negative temperature sensitivity indicates that individuals across the entire distribution should suffer with warming-the entire distribution is a trailing edge. Species-level responses to spatial climate variation are opposite in sign to individual-scale responses to time-varying climate for approximately half the species' distribution with respect to temperature and the majority of the species' distribution with respect to precipitation. These findings, added to evidence from the literature for scale-dependent climate responses in hundreds of species, suggest that correlative, equilibrium-based range forecasts may fail to accurately represent how individuals in populations will be impacted by changing climate. A scale-dependent view of the impact of climate change on biodiversity highlights the transient risk of extinction hidden inside climate envelope forecasts and the importance of evolution in rescuing species from extinction whenever local climate variability and change exceeds individual-scale climate tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmila M. N. Dey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Kelly A. Heilman
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721
| | - John R. Tipton
- Statistical Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
| | - R. Justin DeRose
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT84322
| | - Stefan Klesse
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, BirmensdorfCH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Emily L. Schultz
- Department of Biology, Colorado Mountain College, Breckenridge, CO80424
| | - John D. Shaw
- Riverdale Forestry Sciences Lab, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Riverdale, UT84405
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17
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Eisenring M, Gessler A, Frei ER, Glauser G, Kammerer B, Moor M, Perret-Gentil A, Wohlgemuth T, Gossner MM. Legacy effects of premature defoliation in response to an extreme drought event modulate phytochemical profiles with subtle consequences for leaf herbivory in European beech. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2495-2509. [PMID: 38641748 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Extreme droughts can have long-lasting effects on forest community dynamics and species interactions. Yet, our understanding of how drought legacy modulates ecological relationships is just unfolding. We tested the hypothesis that leaf chemistry and herbivory show long-term responses to premature defoliation caused by an extreme drought event in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). For two consecutive years after the extreme European summer drought in 2018, we collected leaves from the upper and lower canopy of adjacently growing drought-stressed and unstressed trees. Leaf chemistry was analyzed and leaf damage by different herbivore-feeding guilds was quantified. We found that drought had lasting impacts on leaf nutrients and on specialized metabolomic profiles. However, drought did not affect the primary metabolome. Drought-related phytochemical changes affected damage of leaf-chewing herbivores whereas damage caused by other herbivore-feeding guilds was largely unaffected. Drought legacy effects on phytochemistry and herbivory were often weaker than between-year or between-canopy strata variability. Our findings suggest that a single extreme drought event bears the potential to long-lastingly affect tree-herbivore interactions. Drought legacy effects likely become more important in modulating tree-herbivore interactions since drought frequency and severity are projected to globally increase in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eisenring
- Forest Health & Biotic Interactions, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Esther R Frei
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, Davos, 7260, Switzerland
- Climate Change and Extremes in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Davos, 7260, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79014, Germany
| | - Maurice Moor
- Forest Health & Biotic Interactions, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Anouchka Perret-Gentil
- Forest Health & Biotic Interactions, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Health & Biotic Interactions, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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18
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Camarero JJ, Gazol A, Valeriano C, Vergarechea M, Cattaneo N. Growth data of outlying plantations allows benchmarking the tolerance to climate extremes and drought stress in the European larch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1404347. [PMID: 38882570 PMCID: PMC11176551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1404347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plantations located outside the species distribution area represent natural experiments to assess tree tolerance to climate variability. Climate change amplifies warming-related drought stress but also leads to more climate extremes. Methods We studied plantations of the European larch (Larix decidua), a conifer native to central and eastern Europe, in northern Spain. We used climate, drought and tree-ring data from four larch plantations including wet (Valgañón, site V; Santurde, site S), intermediate (Ribavellosa, site R) and dry (Santa Marina, site M) sites. We aimed to benchmark the larch tolerance to climate and drought stress by analysing the relationships between radial growth increment (hereafter growth), climate data (temperature, precipitation, radiation) and a drought index. Results Basal area increment (BAI) was the lowest in the driest site M (5.2 cm2 yr-1; period 1988-2022), followed by site R (7.5 cm2 yr-1), with the youngest and oldest and trees being planted in M (35 years) and R (150 years) sites. BAI peaked in the wettest sites (V; 10.4 cm2 yr-1; S, 10.8 cm2 yr-1). We detected a sharp BAI reduction (30% of the regional mean) in 2001 when springto-summer conditions were very dry. In the wettest V and S sites, larch growth positively responded to current March and June-July radiation, but negatively to March precipitation. In the R site, high April precipitation enhanced growth. In the driest M site, warm conditions in the late prior winter and current spring improved growth, but warm-sunny conditions in July and dry-sunny conditions in August reduced it. Larch growth positively responded to spring-summer wet conditions considering short (1-6 months) and long (9-24 months) time scales in dry (site M) and wet-intermediate (sites S and R) sites, respectively. Discussion Larch growth is vulnerable to drought stress in dry slow-growing plantations, but also to extreme spring wet-cloudy events followed by dry-hot conditions in wet fast-growing plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marta Vergarechea
- Department of Forest Management, Division of Forest and Forest Resources, NIBIO (Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Nicolás Cattaneo
- Department of Forest Management, Division of Forest and Forest Resources, NIBIO (Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research), Ås, Norway
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19
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Van Passel J, Bernardino PN, Lhermitte S, Rius BF, Hirota M, Conradi T, de Keersmaecker W, Van Meerbeek K, Somers B. Critical slowing down of the Amazon forest after increased drought occurrence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316924121. [PMID: 38768350 PMCID: PMC11145287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316924121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic ecosystems, such as the Amazon forest, are expected to show critical slowing down behavior, or slower recovery from recurrent small perturbations, as they approach an ecological threshold to a different ecosystem state. Drought occurrences are becoming more prevalent across the Amazon, with known negative effects on forest health and functioning, but their actual role in the critical slowing down patterns still remains elusive. In this study, we evaluate the effect of trends in extreme drought occurrences on temporal autocorrelation (TAC) patterns of satellite-derived indices of vegetation activity, an indicator of slowing down, between 2001 and 2019. Differentiating between extreme drought frequency, intensity, and duration, we investigate their respective effects on the slowing down response. Our results indicate that the intensity of extreme droughts is a more important driver of slowing down than their duration, although their impacts vary across the different Amazon regions. In addition, areas with more variable precipitation are already less ecologically stable and need fewer droughts to induce slowing down. We present findings indicating that most of the Amazon region does not show an increasing trend in TAC. However, the predicted increase in extreme drought intensity and frequency could potentially transition significant portions of this ecosystem into a state with altered functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Van Passel
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
| | - Paulo N. Bernardino
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP13083-970, Brazil
| | - Stef Lhermitte
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
- Department Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft2600, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca F. Rius
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP13083-970, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP13083-970, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC88040-900, Brazil
| | - Timo Conradi
- Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95447, Germany
| | | | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven3001, Belgium
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20
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Gauthey A, Bachofen C, Chin A, Cochard H, Gisler J, Mas E, Meusburger K, Peters RL, Schaub M, Tunas A, Zweifel R, Grossiord C. Twenty years of irrigation acclimation is driven by denser canopies and not by plasticity in twig- and needle-level hydraulics in a Pinus sylvestris forest. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3141-3152. [PMID: 38375924 PMCID: PMC11103111 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, exacerbating soil drought, and thus enhancing tree evaporative demand and mortality. Yet, few studies have addressed the longer-term drought acclimation strategy of trees, particularly the importance of morphological versus hydraulic plasticity. Using a long-term (20 years) irrigation experiment in a natural forest, we investigated the acclimation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) morpho-anatomical traits (stomatal anatomy and crown density) and hydraulic traits (leaf water potential, vulnerability to cavitation (Ψ50), specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and tree water deficit) to prolonged changes in soil moisture. We found that low water availability reduced twig water potential and increased tree water deficit during the growing season. Still, the trees showed limited adjustments in most branch-level hydraulic traits (Ψ50 and Ks) and needle anatomy. In contrast, trees acclimated to prolonged irrigation by increasing their crown density and hence the canopy water demand. This study demonstrates that despite substantial canopy adjustments, P. sylvestris may be vulnerable to extreme droughts because of limited adjustment potential in its hydraulic system. While sparser canopies reduce water demand, such shifts take decades to occur under chronic water deficits and might not mitigate short-term extreme drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gauthey
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alana Chin
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRAE, PIAF, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Forest Soils and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Richard L Peters
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Tunas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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21
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Bose AK, Doležal J, Scherrer D, Altman J, Ziche D, Martínez-Sancho E, Bigler C, Bolte A, Colangelo M, Dorado-Liñán I, Drobyshev I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Gessler A, Kolář T, Koňasová E, Korznikov KA, Lebourgeois F, Lucas-Borja ME, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Omelko AM, Pederson N, Petritan AM, Rigling A, Rybníček M, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Silla F, Sochová I, Sohar K, Ukhvatkina ON, Vozmishcheva AS, Zweifel R, Camarero JJ. Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172049. [PMID: 38552974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christof Bigler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain; Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari, e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Research Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden; Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophia Etzold
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Koňasová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Nicolas
- Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F 77300, France
| | - Alexander Mikhaylovich Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, 324 N.Main St, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", Eroilor 128, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Fernando Silla
- Departamento Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, University Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Sohar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Nikolaevna Ukhvatkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Stepanovna Vozmishcheva
- Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Zweifel
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
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22
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Slot M, Rifai SW, Eze CE, Winter K. The stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit drives the apparent temperature response of photosynthesis in tropical forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38736030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
As temperature rises, net carbon uptake in tropical forests decreases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High temperatures can limit photosynthesis directly, for example by reducing biochemical capacity, or indirectly through rising vapor pressure deficit (VPD) causing stomatal closure. To explore the independent effects of temperature and VPD on photosynthesis we analyzed photosynthesis data from the upper canopies of two tropical forests in Panama with Generalized Additive Models. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis consistently decreased with increasing VPD, and statistically accounting for VPD increased the optimum temperature of photosynthesis (Topt) of trees from a VPD-confounded apparent Topt of c. 30-31°C to a VPD-independent Topt of c. 33-36°C, while for lianas no VPD-independent Topt was reached within the measured temperature range. Trees and lianas exhibited similar temperature and VPD responses in both forests, despite 1500 mm difference in mean annual rainfall. Over ecologically relevant temperature ranges, photosynthesis in tropical forests is largely limited by indirect effects of warming, through changes in VPD, not by direct warming effects of photosynthetic biochemistry. Failing to account for VPD when determining Topt misattributes the underlying causal mechanism and thereby hinders the advancement of mechanistic understanding of global warming effects on tropical forest carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Sami W Rifai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Chinedu E Eze
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Agronomy, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, 440109, Nigeria
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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23
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Paligi SS, Lichter J, Kotowska M, Schwutke RL, Audisio M, Mrak K, Penanhoat A, Schuldt B, Hertel D, Leuschner C. Water status dynamics and drought tolerance of juvenile European beech, Douglas fir and Norway spruce trees as dependent on neighborhood and nitrogen supply. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae044. [PMID: 38662576 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To increase the resilience of forests to drought and other hazards, foresters are increasingly planting mixed stands. This requires knowledge about the drought response of tree species in pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. In addition, drought frequently interacts with continued atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. To disentangle these factors for European beech, Norway spruce and Douglas fir, we conducted a replicated 3-factorial sapling growth experiment with three moisture levels, (high, medium, and low), two N levels (high and ambient), and pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. We measured biomass, stomatal conductance (GS), shoot water potential (at predawn: ΨPD, midday, and turgor loss point: ΨTLP), branch xylem embolism resistance (Ψ50) and minimum epidermal conductance (Gmin). The three species differed most with respect to Gmin (10-fold higher in beech than in the conifers), hydroscape area (larger in beech), and the time elapsed to reach stomatal closure (TΨGS90) and ΨTLP (TTLP; shorter in beech), while Ψ50 and ΨTLP were remarkably similar. Neighborhood (pure vs mixed-culture) influenced biomass production, water status and hydraulic traits, notably GS (higher in Douglas fir, but lower in spruce and beech, in mixtures than pure culture), hydraulic safety margin (smaller for beech in mixtures), and TΨGS90 and TTLP (shorter for spruce in mixture). High N generally increased GS, but no consistent N effects on leaf water status and hydraulic traits were detected, suggesting that neighbor identity had a larger effect on plant water relations than N availability. We conclude that both tree neighborhood and N availability modulate the drought response of beech, spruce, and Douglas fir. Species mixing can alleviate the drought stress of some species, but often by disadvantaging other species. Thus, our study suggests that stabilizing and building resilience of production forests against a drier and warmer climate may depend primarily on the right species choice; species mixing can support the agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath S Paligi
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lichter
- Chair of Statistics, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 3, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martyna Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Schwutke
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michela Audisio
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klara Mrak
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Penanhoat
- Department of Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Street 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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24
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Waite PA, Kumar M, Link RM, Schuldt B. Coordinated hydraulic traits influence the two phases of time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in stomatal stringency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae038. [PMID: 38606678 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, forests are increasingly exposed to extreme droughts causing tree mortality. Because of the complex nature of the mechanisms involved, various traits have been linked to tree drought responses with contrasting results. This may be due to species-specific strategies in regulating water potential, a process that unfolds in two distinct phases: a first phase until stomatal closure, and a second phase until reaching lethal xylem hydraulic thresholds. We conducted dry-down experiments with five broadleaved temperate tree species differing in their degree of isohydry to estimate the time to stomatal closure (tsc) and subsequent time to critical hydraulic failure (tcrit). We measured various traits linked to tree drought responses, such as the water potentials at turgor loss point (Ptlp), stomatal closure (Pgs90), and 12%, 50% and 88% loss of xylem hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88), hydraulic capacitance (C), minimum leaf conductance (gmin), hydroscape area (HSA) and hydraulic safety margins (HSM). We found that Pgs90 followed previously recorded patterns of isohydry and was associated with HSA. Species ranked from more to less isohydric in the sequence Acer pseudoplatanus < Betula pendula < Tilia cordata < Sorbus aucuparia < Fagus sylvatica. Their degree of isohydry was associated with leaf safety (Ptlp and gmin), drought avoidance (C) and tsc, but decoupled from xylem safety (HSM and P88) and tcrit. Regardless of their stomatal stringency, species with wider HSM and lower P88 reached critical hydraulic failure later. We conclude that the duration of the first phase is determined by stomatal regulation, while the duration of the second phase is associated with xylem safety. Isohydry is thus linked to water use rather than to drought survival strategies, confirming the proposed use of HSA as a complement to HSM for describing plant drought responses before and after stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Manish Kumar
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Roman M Link
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
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25
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Kongjarat W, Han L, Aritsara ANA, Zhang SB, Zhao GJ, Zhang YJ, Maenpuen P, Li YM, Zou YK, Li MY, Li XN, Tao LB, Chen YJ. Hydraulic properties and drought response of a tropical bamboo ( Cephalostachyum pergracile). PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:406-415. [PMID: 38798721 PMCID: PMC11119542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo plants are an essential component of tropical ecosystems, yet their vulnerability to climate extremes, such as drought, is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of their hydraulic properties. Cephalostachyum pergracile, a commonly used tropical bamboo species, exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate than other co-occurring bamboos during a severe drought event in 2019, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the leaf and stem hydraulic traits related to drought responses, including leaf-stem embolism resistance (P50leaf; P50stem) estimated using optical and X-ray microtomography methods, leaf pressure-volume and water-releasing curves. Additionally, we investigated the seasonal water potentials, native embolism level (PLC) and xylem water source using stable isotope. We found that C. pergracile exhibited strong resistance to embolism, showing low P50leaf, P50stem, and turgor loss point, despite its rapid leaf water loss. Interestingly, its leaves displayed greater resistance to embolism than its stem, suggesting a lack of effective hydraulic vulnerability segmentation (HVS) to protect the stem from excessive xylem tension. During the dry season, approximately 49% of the water was absorbed from the upper 20-cm-deep soil layer. Consequently, significant diurnal variation in leaf water potentials and an increase in midday PLC from 5.87 ± 2.33% in the wet season to 12.87 ± 4.09% in the dry season were observed. In summary, this study demonstrated that the rapid leaf water loss, high reliance on surface water, and a lack of effective HVS in C. pergracile accelerated water depletion and increased xylem embolism even in the typical dry season, which may explain its high mortality rate during extreme drought events in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwalee Kongjarat
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Amy Ny Aina Aritsara
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Gao-Juan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Phisamai Maenpuen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying-Mei Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Science, Pu’er University, Xueyuan Road, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Yi-Ke Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-Yi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Lian-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- T-STAR Core Team, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
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26
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Yan Y, Piao S, Hammond WM, Chen A, Hong S, Xu H, Munson SM, Myneni RB, Allen CD. Climate-induced tree-mortality pulses are obscured by broad-scale and long-term greening. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:912-923. [PMID: 38467712 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation greening has been suggested to be a dominant trend over recent decades, but severe pulses of tree mortality in forests after droughts and heatwaves have also been extensively reported. These observations raise the question of to what extent the observed severe pulses of tree mortality induced by climate could affect overall vegetation greenness across spatial grains and temporal extents. To address this issue, here we analyse three satellite-based datasets of detrended growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIGS) with spatial resolutions ranging from 30 m to 8 km for 1,303 field-documented sites experiencing severe drought- or heat-induced tree-mortality events around the globe. We find that severe tree-mortality events have distinctive but localized imprints on vegetation greenness over annual timescales, which are obscured by broad-scale and long-term greening. Specifically, although anomalies in NDVIGS (ΔNDVI) are negative during tree-mortality years, this reduction diminishes at coarser spatial resolutions (that is, 250 m and 8 km). Notably, tree-mortality-induced reductions in NDVIGS (|ΔNDVI|) at 30-m resolution are negatively related to native plant species richness and forest height, whereas topographic heterogeneity is the major factor affecting ΔNDVI differences across various spatial grain sizes. Over time periods of a decade or longer, greening consistently dominates all spatial resolutions. The findings underscore the fundamental importance of spatio-temporal scales for cohesively understanding the effects of climate change on forest productivity and tree mortality under both gradual and abrupt changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Yan
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - William M Hammond
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Songbai Hong
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Seth M Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig D Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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27
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Andriantelomanana T, Améglio T, Delzon S, Cochard H, Herbette S. Unpacking the point of no return under drought in poplar: insight from stem diameter variation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:466-478. [PMID: 38406847 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A specific, robust threshold for drought-induced tree mortality is needed to improve the prediction of forest dieback. Here, we tested the relevance of continuous measurements of stem diameter variations for identifying such a threshold, their relationship with hydraulic and cellular damage mechanisms, and the influence of growth conditions on these relationships. Poplar saplings were grown under well-watered, water-limited, or light-limited conditions and then submitted to a drought followed by rewatering. Stem diameter was continuously measured to investigate two parameters: the percentage loss of diameter (PLD) and the percentage of diameter recovery (DR) following rewatering. Water potentials, stomatal conductance, embolism, and electrolyte leakage were also measured, and light microscopy allowed investigating cell collapse induced by drought. The water release observed through loss of diameter occurred throughout the drought, regardless of growth conditions. Poplars did not recover from drought when PLD reached a threshold and this differed according to growth conditions but remained linked to cell resistance to damage and collapse. Our findings shed new light on the mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality and indicate that PLD could be a relevant indicator of drought-induced tree mortality, regardless of the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Améglio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Stephane Herbette
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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28
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Kim D, Guadagno CR, Ewers BE, Mackay DS. Combining PSII photochemistry and hydraulics improves predictions of photosynthesis and water use from mild to lethal drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1255-1268. [PMID: 38178610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and increases in drought negatively impact the efficiency and sustainability of both agricultural and forest ecosystems. Although hydraulic limitations on photosynthesis have been extensively studied, a solid understanding of the links between whole plant hydraulics and photosynthetic processes at the cellular level under changing environmental conditions is still missing, hampering our predictive power for plant mortality. Here, we examined plant hydraulic traits and CO2 assimilation rate under progressive water limitation by implementing Photosystem II (PSII) dynamics with a whole plant process model (TREES). The photosynthetic responses to plant water status were parameterized based on measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and water potential for Brassica rapa (R500) grown in a greenhouse under fully watered to lethal drought conditions. The updated model significantly improved predictions of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential. TREES with PSII knowledge predicted a larger hydraulic safety margin and a decrease in percent loss of conductivity. TREES predicted a slower decrease in leaf water potential, which agreed with measurements. Our results highlight the pressing need for incorporating PSII drought photochemistry into current process models to capture cross-scale plant water dynamics from cell to whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyoung Kim
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Brent E Ewers
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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29
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Blumstein M. The drivers of intraspecific trait variation and their implications for future tree productivity and survival. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16312. [PMID: 38576091 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Forests are facing unprecedented levels of stress from pest and disease outbreaks, disturbance, fragmentation, development, and a changing climate. These selective agents act to alter forest composition from regional to cellular levels. Thus, a central challenge for understanding how forests will be impacted by future change is how to integrate across scales of biology. Phenotype, or an observable trait, is the product of an individual's genes (G) and the environment in which an organism lives (E). To date, researchers have detailed how environment drives variation in tree phenotypes over long time periods (e.g., long-term ecological research sites [LTERs]) and across large spatial scales (e.g., flux network). In parallel, researchers have discovered the genes and pathways that govern phenotypes, finding high degrees of genetic control and signatures of local adaptation in many plant traits. However, the research in these two areas remain largely independent of each other, hindering our ability to generate accurate predictions of plant response to environment, an increasingly urgent need given threats to forest systems. I present the importance of both genes and environment in determining tree responses to climate stress. I highlight why the difference between G versus E in driving variation is critical for our understanding of climate responses, then propose means of accelerating research that examines G and E simultaneously by leveraging existing long-term, large-scale phenotypic data sets from ecological networks and adding newly affordable sequence (-omics) data to both drill down to find the genes and alleles influencing phenotypes and scale up to find how patterns of demography and local adaptation may influence future response to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blumstein
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, 01366, MA, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
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30
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Orbán LL. Principles to guide research and policy on psychological well-being in remote island developing states in the South Pacific. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1325292. [PMID: 38577401 PMCID: PMC10993693 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1325292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse climatic changes around the globe and predictions of catastrophic and irreversible alteration in global weather patterns, temperature rise, and coast-line habitability require a careful examination of consequences on the resilience and mental health of people who will endure these changes. This paper is concerned with the South Pacific region. This geography has benefited from a relatively stable climate that is seen in the lush and vibrant natural world with many unique species of plants and animals exclusively found here. This paper examines the psychological profile of the people in the South Pacific using an evolutionary framework, and considers their local climate risks and lifestyle patterns with the aim of exploring possible mental health trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente L. Orbán
- School of Law and Social Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
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31
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Lv H, Gangwisch M, Saha S. Crown die-back of peri-urban forests after combined heatwave and drought was species-specific, size-dependent, and also related to tree neighbourhood characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169716. [PMID: 38159755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Rhine River valley of Germany has been facing recurrent and intense spells of drought and heatwaves threatening the health of trees in peri-urban forests. Crown damage intensified by climate change accelerates tree mortality, threatening its ecological, economic, and social benefits; however, the pattern of crown die-back in peri-urban forests remained unclear. We performed a field inventory to estimate the crown die-back of 2578 trees of 51 species from 68 randomly selected peri-urban forest plots in Karlsruhe region on the right bank of the Rhine, after the catastrophic summer heatwave and drought of 2018. We related crown die-back to species-specific drought tolerance, wood anatomical traits, tree size, canopy surface temperature, tree density, Shannon's diversity and Gini coefficient for tree height. Regression results indicate that small-size trees were found to be more susceptible to canopy damage than large trees, with a 1-meter increase in tree height associated with a 0.8 % reduction in crown die-back. This size-dependent process is also species-specific. Among the 12 species with significant (p < 0.05) linear relationship between height and die-back, 9 species demonstrated negative correlations and 3 species showed positive relationships. Species tolerant to drought or cavitation (e.g., trees with diffuse porous xylem, 21 species) had significantly lower crown dieback. For example, with a 1-point-scale increase in drought tolerance crown die-back declined 14.35 %. Trees that experienced high canopy surface temperature and grew with high tree density and species diversity (Shannon's diversity) had more crown die-back. However, high structural diversity (Gini coefficient) was related to lower crown die-back. Our results suggested that future research should focus more on tree species-specific hydraulic and thermal traits and tree density and structure management to improve tree health and species selection in peri-urban forests under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Lv
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Road 5, 163316 Daqing, China; Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstr. 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Gangwisch
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 10, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Somidh Saha
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstr. 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Geography and Geoecology (IfGG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Sapes G, Schroeder L, Scott A, Clark I, Juzwik J, Montgomery RA, Guzmán Q JA, Cavender-Bares J. Mechanistic links between physiology and spectral reflectance enable previsual detection of oak wilt and drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316164121. [PMID: 38315867 PMCID: PMC10873599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree mortality due to global change-including range expansion of invasive pests and pathogens-is a paramount threat to forest ecosystems. Oak forests are among the most prevalent and valuable ecosystems both ecologically and economically in the United States. There is increasing interest in monitoring oak decline and death due to both drought and the oak wilt pathogen (Bretziella fagacearum). We combined anatomical and ecophysiological measurements with spectroscopy at leaf, canopy, and airborne levels to enable differentiation of oak wilt and drought, and detection prior to visible symptom appearance. We performed an outdoor potted experiment with Quercus rubra saplings subjected to drought stress and/or artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Models developed from spectral reflectance accurately predicted ecophysiological indicators of oak wilt and drought decline in both potted and field experiments with naturally grown saplings. Both oak wilt and drought resulted in blocked water transport through xylem conduits. However, oak wilt impaired conduits in localized regions of the xylem due to formation of tyloses instead of emboli. The localized tylose formation resulted in more variable canopy photosynthesis and water content in diseased trees than drought-stressed ones. Reflectance signatures of plant photosynthesis, water content, and cellular damage detected oak wilt and drought 12 d before visual symptoms appeared. Our results show that leaf spectral reflectance models predict ecophysiological processes relevant to detection and differentiation of disease and drought. Coupling spectral models that detect physiological change with spatial information enhances capacity to differentiate plant stress types such as oak wilt and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Sapes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Lucy Schroeder
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Allison Scott
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Isaiah Clark
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Jennifer Juzwik
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, St. Paul, MN55108
| | | | - J. Antonio Guzmán Q
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
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33
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Rehschuh R, Ruehr NK. What is the role of soil nutrients in drought responses of trees? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad152. [PMID: 38113532 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Rehschuh
- TU Dresden, Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, KIT-Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Kaiserstraße 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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34
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Crockett JL, Hurteau MD. Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad136. [PMID: 37935402 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. In semi-arid forests of the southwestern USA, limitations imposed by hot and dry conditions are likely to influence seedling survival. We examined how the survival of 1-year seedlings of five southwestern US conifer species whose southwestern distributions range from warmer and drier woodlands and forests (Pinus edulis Engelm., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson) to cooler and wetter subalpine forests (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. Ex Hildebr. and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) changed in response to low moisture availability, high temperatures and high vapor pressure deficit in incubators. We used a Bayesian framework to construct discrete-time proportional hazard models that explained 55-75% of the species-specific survival variability. We applied these to the recent climate (1980-2019) of the southwestern USA as well as 1980-2099 CMIP5 climate projections with the RCP8.5 emissions pathway. We found that the more mesic species (i.e., P. menziesii, A. concolor and P. engelmannii) were more susceptible to the effects of hot and dry periods. However, their existing ranges are not projected to experience the conditions we tested as early in the 21st century as the more xeric P. edulis and P. ponderosa, leading to lower percentages of their existing ranges predicted to experience seedling-killing conditions. By late-century, extensive areas of each species southwestern range could experience climate conditions that increase the likelihood of seedling mortality. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to inform where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwestern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Crockett
- Department of Biology, MSC03-20201, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
| | - Matthew D Hurteau
- Department of Biology, MSC03-20201, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
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35
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Torres-Ruiz JM, Cochard H, Delzon S, Boivin T, Burlett R, Cailleret M, Corso D, Delmas CEL, De Caceres M, Diaz-Espejo A, Fernández-Conradi P, Guillemot J, Lamarque LJ, Limousin JM, Mantova M, Mencuccini M, Morin X, Pimont F, De Dios VR, Ruffault J, Trueba S, Martin-StPaul NK. Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functions in the face of climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:984-999. [PMID: 38098153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant hydraulics is crucial for assessing the plants' capacity to extract and transport water from the soil up to their aerial organs. Along with their capacity to exchange water between plant compartments and regulate evaporation, hydraulic properties determine plant water relations, water status and susceptibility to pathogen attacks. Consequently, any variation in the hydraulic characteristics of plants is likely to significantly impact various mechanisms and processes related to plant growth, survival and production, as well as the risk of biotic attacks and forest fire behaviour. However, the integration of hydraulic traits into disciplines such as plant pathology, entomology, fire ecology or agriculture can be significantly improved. This review examines how plant hydraulics can provide new insights into our understanding of these processes, including modelling processes of vegetation dynamics, illuminating numerous perspectives for assessing the consequences of climate change on forest and agronomic systems, and addressing unanswered questions across multiple areas of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Regis Burlett
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Déborah Corso
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Chloé E L Delmas
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Joannes Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 05508-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marylou Mantova
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Victor Resco De Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
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Lian X, Peñuelas J, Ryu Y, Piao S, Keenan TF, Fang J, Yu K, Chen A, Zhang Y, Gentine P. Diminishing carryover benefits of earlier spring vegetation growth. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:218-228. [PMID: 38172284 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spring vegetation growth can benefit summer growth by increasing foliage area and carbon sequestration potential, or impair it by consuming additional resources needed for sustaining subsequent growth. However, the prevalent driving mechanism and its temporal changes remain unknown. Using satellite observations and long-term atmospheric CO2 records, here we show a weakening trend of the linkage between spring and summer vegetation growth/productivity in the Northern Hemisphere during 1982-2021. This weakening is driven by warmer and more extreme hot weather that becomes unfavourable for peak-season growth, shifting peak plant functioning away from earlier periods. This is further exacerbated by seasonally growing ecosystem water stress due to reduced water supply and enhanced water demand. Our finding suggests that beneficial carryover effects of spring growth on summer growth are diminishing or even reversing, acting as an early warning sign of the ongoing shift of climatic effects from stimulating to suppressing plant photosynthesis during the early to peak seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianing Fang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Hogan JA, Domke GM, Zhu K, Johnson DJ, Lichstein JW. Climate change determines the sign of productivity trends in US forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311132121. [PMID: 38227667 PMCID: PMC10823222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311132121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Forests are integral to the global land carbon sink, which has sequestered ~30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions over recent decades. The persistence of this sink depends on the balance of positive drivers that increase ecosystem carbon storage-e.g., CO2 fertilization-and negative drivers that decrease it-e.g., intensifying disturbances. The net response of forest productivity to these drivers is uncertain due to the challenge of separating their effects from background disturbance-regrowth dynamics. We fit non-linear models to US forest inventory data (113,806 plot remeasurements in non-plantation forests from ~1999 to 2020) to quantify productivity trends while accounting for stand age, tree mortality, and harvest. Productivity trends were generally positive in the eastern United States, where climate change has been mild, and negative in the western United States, where climate change has been more severe. Productivity declines in the western United States cannot be explained by increased mortality or harvest; these declines likely reflect adverse climate-change impacts on tree growth. In the eastern United States, where data were available to partition biomass change into age-dependent and age-independent components, forest maturation and increasing productivity (likely due, at least in part, to CO2 fertilization) contributed roughly equally to biomass carbon sinks. Thus, adverse effects of climate change appear to overwhelm any positive drivers in the water-limited forests of the western United States, whereas forest maturation and positive responses to age-independent drivers contribute to eastern US carbon sinks. The future land carbon balance of forests will likely depend on the geographic extent of drought and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Grant M. Domke
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Kai Zhu
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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Huang R, Di N, Xi B, Yang J, Duan J, Li X, Feng J, Choat B, Tissue D. Herb hydraulics: Variation and correlation for traits governing drought tolerance and efficiency of water transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168095. [PMID: 37879470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic traits dictate plant response to drought, thus enabling better understanding of community dynamics under global climate change. Despite being intensively documented in woody species, herbaceous species (graminoids and forbs) are largely understudied, hence the distribution and correlation of hydraulic traits in herbaceous species remains unclear. Here, we collected key hydraulic traits for 436 herbaceous species from published literature, including leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf), water potential inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50), stomatal closure (Pclose) and turgor loss (Ptlp). Trait variation of herbs was analyzed and contrasted with angiosperm woody species within the existing global hydraulic traits database, as well as between different growth forms within herbs. Furthermore, hydraulic traits coordination was also assessed for herbaceous species. We found that herbs showed overall more negative Pclose but less negative Ptlp compared with angiosperm woody species, while P50 did not differ between functional types, regardless of the organ (leaf and stem). In addition, correlations were found between Kleaf and P50 of leaf (P50leaf), as well as between Pclose, P50leaf and Kleaf. Within herbs, graminoids generally exhibited more negative P50 and Ptlp, but lower Kleaf, relative to forbs. Within herbs, no clear pattern regarding hydraulic traits-climate relationship was found. Our analysis provided insights into herb hydraulic, and highlighted the knowledge gaps need to be filled regarding the response of herbs to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Di
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Benye Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jie Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Wu C, Zhong L, Yeh PJF, Gong Z, Lv W, Chen B, Zhou J, Li J, Wang S. An evaluation framework for quantifying vegetation loss and recovery in response to meteorological drought based on SPEI and NDVI. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167632. [PMID: 37806579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought affects vegetation growth to a large extent. Understanding the dynamic changes of vegetation during drought is of great significance for agricultural and ecological management and climate change adaptation. The relations between vegetation and drought have been widely investigated, but how vegetation loss and restoration in response to drought remains unclear. Using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, this study developed an evaluation framework for exploring the responses of vegetation loss and recovery to meteorological drought, and applied it to the humid subtropical Pearl River basin (PRB) in southern China for estimating the loss and recovery of three vegetation types (forest, grassland, cropland) during drought using the observed NDVI changes. Results indicate that vegetation is more sensitive to drought in high-elevation areas (lag time < 3 months) than that in low-elevation areas (lag time > 8 months). Vegetation loss (especially in cropland) is found to be more sensitive to drought duration than drought severity and peak. No obvious linear relationship between drought intensity and the extent of vegetation loss is found. Regardless of the intensity, drought can cause the largest probability of mild loss of vegetation, followed by moderate loss, and the least probability of severe loss. Large spatial variability in the probability of vegetation loss and recovery time is found over the study domain, with a higher probability (up to 50 %) of drought-induced vegetation loss and a longer recovery time (>7 months) mostly in the high-elevation areas. Further analysis suggests that forest shows higher but cropland shows lower drought resistance than other vegetation types, and grassland requires a shorter recovery time (4.2-month) after loss than forest (5.1-month) and cropland (4.8-month).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Wu
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lulu Zhong
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Pat J-F Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Zhengjie Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhan Lv
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Guangdong South China Hydropower High tech Development Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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40
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Lu M, Cao M, Yang J, Swenson NG. Comparative transcriptomics reveals divergence in pathogen response gene families amongst 20 forest tree species. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad233. [PMID: 37812763 PMCID: PMC10700026 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest trees provide critical ecosystem services for humanity that are under threat due to ongoing global change. Measuring and characterizing genetic diversity are key to understanding adaptive potential and developing strategies to mitigate negative consequences arising from climate change. In the area of forest genetic diversity, genetic divergence caused by large-scale changes at the chromosomal level has been largely understudied. In this study, we used the RNA-seq data of 20 co-occurring forest trees species from genera including Acer, Alnus, Amelanchier, Betula, Cornus, Corylus, Dirca, Fraxinus, Ostrya, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, Ribes, Tilia, and Ulmus sampled from Upper Peninsula of Michigan. These data were used to infer the origin and maintenance of gene family variation, species divergence time, as well as gene family expansion and contraction. We identified a signal of common whole genome duplication events shared by core eudicots. We also found rapid evolution, namely fast expansion or fast contraction of gene families, in plant-pathogen interaction genes amongst the studied diploid species. Finally, the results lay the foundation for further research on the genetic diversity and adaptive capacity of forest trees, which will inform forest management and conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC), 736 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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41
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Preisler Y, Grünzweig JM, Ahiman O, Amer M, Oz I, Feng X, Muller JD, Ruehr N, Rotenberg E, Birami B, Yakir D. Vapour pressure deficit was not a primary limiting factor for gas exchange in an irrigated, mature dryland Aleppo pine forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3775-3790. [PMID: 37680062 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is often associated with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and changes in soil moisture (SM). While atmospheric and soil drying often co-occur, their differential effects on plant functioning and productivity remain uncertain. We investigated the divergent effects and underlying mechanisms of soil and atmospheric drought based on continuous, in situ measurements of branch gas exchange with automated chambers in a mature semiarid Aleppo pine forest. We investigated the response of control trees exposed to combined soil-atmospheric drought (low SM, high VPD) during the rainless Mediterranean summer and that of trees experimentally unconstrained by soil dryness (high SM; using supplementary dry season water supply) but subjected to atmospheric drought (high VPD). During the seasonal dry period, branch conductance (gbr ), transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthesis (Anet ) decreased in low-SM trees but greatly increased in high-SM trees. The response of E and gbr to the massive rise in VPD (to 7 kPa) was negative in low-SM trees and positive in high-SM trees. These observations were consistent with predictions based on a simple plant hydraulic model showing the importance of plant water potential in the gbr and E response to VPD. These results demonstrate that avoiding drought on the supply side (SM) and relying on plant hydraulic regulation constrains the effects of atmospheric drought (VPD) as a stressor on canopy gas exchange in mature pine trees under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakir Preisler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - José M Grünzweig
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Ahiman
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Madi Amer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itai Oz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan D Muller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nadine Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), KIT-Campus Alpin, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), KIT-Campus Alpin, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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42
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Laughlin DC, Siefert A, Fleri JR, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Hammond WM, Sabatini FM, Damasceno G, Aubin I, Field R, Hatim MZ, Jansen S, Lenoir J, Lens F, McCarthy JK, Niinemets Ü, Phillips OL, Attorre F, Bergeron Y, Bruun HH, Byun C, Ćušterevska R, Dengler J, De Sanctis M, Dolezal J, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Hérault B, Homeier J, Kattge J, Meir P, Mencuccini M, Noroozi J, Nowak A, Peñuelas J, Schmidt M, Škvorc Ž, Sultana F, Ugarte RM, Bruelheide H. Rooting depth and xylem vulnerability are independent woody plant traits jointly selected by aridity, seasonality, and water table depth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1774-1787. [PMID: 37743552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary radiations of woody taxa within arid environments were made possible by multiple trait innovations including deep roots and embolism-resistant xylem, but little is known about how these traits have coevolved across the phylogeny of woody plants or how they jointly influence the distribution of species. We synthesized global trait and vegetation plot datasets to examine how rooting depth and xylem vulnerability across 188 woody plant species interact with aridity, precipitation seasonality, and water table depth to influence species occurrence probabilities across all biomes. Xylem resistance to embolism and rooting depth are independent woody plant traits that do not exhibit an interspecific trade-off. Resistant xylem and deep roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, seasonal climates over deep water tables. Resistant xylem and shallow roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, nonseasonal climates over deep water tables. Vulnerable xylem and deep roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, nonseasonal climates over shallow water tables. Lastly, vulnerable xylem and shallow roots increase occurrence probabilities in humid climates. Each combination of trait values optimizes occurrence probabilities in unique environmental conditions. Responses of deeply rooted vegetation may be buffered if evaporative demand changes faster than water table depth under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Andrew Siefert
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jesse R Fleri
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | | | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriella Damasceno
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mohamed Z Hatim
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, 3527, Egypt
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ülo Niinemets
- Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | | | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, J9X5E4, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong-si, 36729, South Korea
| | - Renata Ćušterevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michele De Sanctis
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
- Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jalil Noroozi
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Universitiy of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Botanical Garden, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Željko Škvorc
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rosina Magaña Ugarte
- Botany Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
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Kong L, Song Q, Wei H, Wang Y, Lin M, Sun K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li C, Luo K. The AP2/ERF transcription factor PtoERF15 confers drought tolerance via JA-mediated signaling in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1848-1867. [PMID: 37691138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for the growth and development of perennial trees. Xylem vessels act as the center of water conduction in woody species, but the underlying mechanism of its development and morphogenesis under water-deficient conditions remains elucidation. Here, we identified and characterized an osmotic stress-induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (PtoERF15) and its target, PtoMYC2b, which was involved in mediating vessel size, density, and cell wall thickness in response to drought in Populus tomentosa. PtoERF15 is preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of poplar stems. Overexpression of PtoERF15 contributed to stem water potential maintaining, thus promoting drought tolerance. RNA-Seq and biochemical analysis further revealed that PtoERF15 directly regulated PtoMYC2b, encoding a switch of JA signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings verify that three sets of homologous genes from NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family: PtoSND1-A1/A2, PtoVND7-1/7-2, and PtoNAC118/120, as the targets of PtoMYC2b, are involved in the regulation of vessel morphology in poplar. Collectively, our study provides molecular evidence for the involvement of the PtoERF15-PtoMYC2b transcription cascade in maintaining stem water potential through the regulation of xylem vessel development, ultimately improving drought tolerance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Minghui Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Liu X, Cui Y, Li W, Li M, Li N, Shi Z, Dong J, Xiao X. Urbanization expands the fluctuating difference in gross primary productivity between urban and rural areas from 2000 to 2018 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166490. [PMID: 37611713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban and rural vegetation are affected by both climate change and human activities, but the role of urbanization in vegetation productivity is unclear given the dual impacts. Here, we delineated urban area (UA) and rural area (RA), quantified the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on gross primary production (GPP) in 34 major cities (MCs) in China from 2000 to 2018, and analyzed the intrinsic impacts of urbanization on GPP. First, we found that the total urban impervious surface coverage (ISC) of the 34 MCs increased by 13.25 % and the mean annual GPP increased by 211 gC m-2 during the study period. GPP increased significantly in urban core areas, but decreased significantly in urban expansion areas, which was mainly due to a large amount of vegetation loss due to land use conversion. Second, the variability of GPP in UA was generally lower than in RA. Both climate change and human activities had a positive impact on GPP in UA and RA in the 34 MCs, of which the contribution was 49 % and 51 % in UA, and 76 % and 24 % in RA, respectively. Third, under climate change and human activities, the increase in GPP offset 4.96 % and 12.35 % of the impact of land use conversion on GPP in 2000 and 2018, respectively, which indicated that the offset strengthened over time. These findings emphasize the role of human activities in promoting carbon sequestration in urban vegetation, which is crucial for better understanding the processes and mechanisms of urban carbon cycles. Decision-makers can manage urban vegetation based on vegetation carbon sequestration potential as regions urbanize, aiding comprehensive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Dabieshan National Observation and Research Field Station of Forest Ecosystem at Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Xinyang Ecological Research Institute, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yaoping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Dabieshan National Observation and Research Field Station of Forest Ecosystem at Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Xinyang Ecological Research Institute, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Wanlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; School of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinwei Dong
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Jaeger FC, Handa IT, Paquette A, Parker WC, Messier C. Young temperate tree species show different fine root acclimation capacity to growing season water availability. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 496:485-504. [PMID: 38510944 PMCID: PMC10948563 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Changes in water availability during the growing season are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Our study aimed to compare the fine-root acclimation capacity (plasticity) of six temperate tree species aged six years and exposed to high or low growing season soil water availability over five years. Methods Root samples were collected from the five upper strata of mineral soil to a total soil depth of 30 cm in monoculture plots of Acer saccharum Marsh., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Larix laricina K. Koch, Pinus strobus L., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Quercus rubra L. established at the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT) field experiment in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Four replicates of each monoculture were subjected to high or low water availability treatments. Results Absorptive fine root density increased by 67% for Larix laricina, and 90% for Picea glauca, under the high-water availability treatment at 0-5 cm soil depth. The two late successional, slower growing tree species, Acer saccharum and Picea glauca, showed higher plasticity in absorptive fine root biomass in the upper 5 cm of soil (PIv = 0.36 & 0.54 respectively), and lower plasticity in fine root depth over the entire 30 cm soil profile compared to the early successional, faster growing tree species Betula papyrifera and Larix laricina. Conclusion Temperate tree species show contrasting acclimation responses in absorptive fine root biomass and rooting depth to differences in water availability. Some of these responses vary with tree species successional status and seem to benefit both early and late successional tree species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin C. Jaeger
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - I. Tanya Handa
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - William C. Parker
- Forest Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Institut des Sciences de La Forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Canada
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46
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Valliere JM, Nelson KC, Martinez MC. Functional traits and drought strategy predict leaf thermal tolerance. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad085. [PMID: 38026794 PMCID: PMC10645286 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress imposes an important physiological constraint on native plant species-one that will only worsen with human-caused climate change. Indeed, rising temperatures have already contributed to large-scale plant mortality events across the globe. These impacts may be especially severe in cities, where the urban heat island effect amplifies climate warming. Understanding how plant species will respond physiologically to rising temperatures and how these responses differ among plant functional groups is critical for predicting future biodiversity scenarios and making informed land management decisions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperatures on a functionally and taxonomically diverse group of woody native plant species in a restored urban nature preserve in southern California using measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of leaf thermotolerance. Our aim was to determine if species' traits and drought strategies could serve as useful predictors of thermotolerance. We found that leaf thermotolerance differed among species with contrasting drought strategies, and several leaf-level functional traits were significant predictors of thermotolerance thresholds. Drought deciduous species with high specific leaf area, high rates of transpiration and low water use efficiency were the most susceptible to heat damage, while evergreen species with sclerophyllous leaves, high relative water content and high water use efficiency maintained photosynthetic function at higher temperatures. While these native shrubs and trees are physiologically equipped to withstand relatively high temperatures in this Mediterranean-type climate, hotter conditions imposed by climate change and urbanization may exceed the tolerance thresholds of many species. We show that leaf functional traits and plant drought strategies may serve as useful indicators of species' vulnerabilities to climate change, and this information can be used to guide restoration and conservation in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Valliere
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E Victoria St., Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Kekoa C Nelson
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E Victoria St., Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | - Marco Castañeda Martinez
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E Victoria St., Carson, CA 90747, USA
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47
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Marchin RM, Medlyn BE, Tjoelker MG, Ellsworth DS. Decoupling between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis occurs under extreme heat in broadleaf tree species regardless of water access. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6319-6335. [PMID: 37698501 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
High air temperatures increase atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the severity of drought, threatening forests worldwide. Plants regulate stomata to maximize carbon gain and minimize water loss, resulting in a close coupling between net photosynthesis (Anet ) and stomatal conductance (gs ). However, evidence for decoupling of gs from Anet under extreme heat has been found. Such a response both enhances survival of leaves during heat events but also quickly depletes available water. To understand the prevalence and significance of this decoupling, we measured leaf gas exchange in 26 tree and shrub species growing in the glasshouse or at an urban site in Sydney, Australia on hot days (maximum Tair > 40°C). We hypothesized that on hot days plants with ample water access would exhibit reduced Anet and use transpirational cooling leading to stomatal decoupling, whereas plants with limited water access would rely on other mechanisms to avoid lethal temperatures. Instead, evidence for stomatal decoupling was found regardless of plant water access. Transpiration of well-watered plants was 23% higher than model predictions during heatwaves, which effectively cooled leaves below air temperature. For hotter, droughted plants, the increase in transpiration during heatwaves was even more pronounced-gs was 77% higher than model predictions. Stomatal decoupling was found for most broadleaf evergreen and broadleaf deciduous species at the urban site, including some wilted trees with limited water access. Decoupling may simply be a passive consequence of the physical effects of high temperature on plant leaves through increased cuticular conductance of water vapor, or stomatal decoupling may be an adaptive response that is actively regulated by stomatal opening under high temperatures. This temperature response is not yet included in any land surface model, suggesting that model predictions of evapotranspiration may be underpredicted at high temperature and high VPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M Marchin
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Binks O, Cernusak LA, Liddell M, Bradford M, Coughlin I, Bryant C, Palma AC, Hoffmann L, Alam I, Carle HJ, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Laurance SGW, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1405-1420. [PMID: 37705460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast-response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer-term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site-level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc ), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height-diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot-level wood density. Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast-response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc , potentially leading to longer-term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binks
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water, Atherton, 4883, Qld, Australia
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Callum Bryant
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Ana C Palma
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Luke Hoffmann
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Iftakharul Alam
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Hannah J Carle
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Laver Building, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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49
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Mirabel A, Girardin MP, Metsaranta J, Way D, Reich PB. Increasing atmospheric dryness reduces boreal forest tree growth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6901. [PMID: 37903759 PMCID: PMC10616230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) associated with climate change affects boreal forest growth via stomatal closure and soil dryness. However, the relationship between VPD and forest growth depends on the climatic context. Here we assess Canadian boreal forest responses to VPD changes from 1951-2018 using a well-replicated tree-growth increment network with approximately 5,000 species-site combinations. Of the 3,559 successful growth models, we observed a relationship between growth and concurrent summer VPD in one-third of the species-site combinations, and between growth and prior summer VPD in almost half of those combinations. The relationship between previous year VPD and current year growth was almost exclusively negative, while current year VPD also tended to reduce growth. Tree species, age, annual temperature, and soil moisture primarily determined tree VPD responses. Younger trees and species like white spruce and Douglas fir exhibited higher VPD sensitivity, as did areas with high annual temperature and low soil moisture. Since 1951, summer VPD increases in Canada have paralleled tree growth decreases, particularly in spruce species. Accelerating atmospheric dryness in the decades ahead will impair carbon storage and societal-economic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mirabel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, Rennes, France.
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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50
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Zhang X, Rademacher T, Liu H, Wang L, Manzanedo RD. Fading regulation of diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss for drought-tolerant tree species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6916. [PMID: 37903773 PMCID: PMC10616191 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Warming-induced droughts caused tree growth loss across the globe, leading to substantial carbon loss to the atmosphere. Drought-induced growth loss, however, can be regulated by changes in diurnal temperature ranges. Here, we investigated long term radial growth responses of 23 widespread distributed tree species from 2327 sites over the world and found that species' drought tolerances were significantly and positively correlated with diurnal temperature range-growth loss relationships for the period 1901-1940. Since 1940, this relationship has continued to fade, likely due to asymmetric day and night warming trends and the species' ability to deal with them. The alleviation of reduced diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss was mainly found for drought resistant tree species. Overall, our results highlight the need to carefully consider diurnal temperature ranges and species-specific responses to daytime and nighttime warming to explore tree growth responses to current and future warmer and drier climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Rademacher
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
- Centre ACER, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 0B8, Canada
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rubén D Manzanedo
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH-Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
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