1
|
Ulusoy-Gezer HG, Rakıcıoğlu N. The Future of Obesity Management through Precision Nutrition: Putting the Individual at the Center. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:455-477. [PMID: 38806863 PMCID: PMC11327204 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise steadily. While obesity management typically relies on dietary and lifestyle modifications, individual responses to these interventions vary widely. Clinical guidelines for overweight and obesity stress the importance of personalized approaches to care. This review aims to underscore the role of precision nutrition in delivering tailored interventions for obesity management. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent technological strides have expanded our ability to detect obesity-related genetic polymorphisms, with machine learning algorithms proving pivotal in analyzing intricate genomic data. Machine learning algorithms can also predict postprandial glucose, triglyceride, and insulin levels, facilitating customized dietary interventions and ultimately leading to successful weight loss. Additionally, given that adherence to dietary recommendations is one of the key predictors of weight loss success, employing more objective methods for dietary assessment and monitoring can enhance sustained long-term compliance. Biomarkers of food intake hold promise for a more objective dietary assessment. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of obesity, precision nutrition stands poised to transform obesity management by tailoring dietary interventions to individuals' genetic backgrounds, gut microbiota, metabolic profiles, and behavioral patterns. However, there is insufficient evidence demonstrating the superiority of precision nutrition over traditional dietary recommendations. The integration of precision nutrition into routine clinical practice requires further validation through randomized controlled trials and the accumulation of a larger body of evidence to strengthen its foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Gül Ulusoy-Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu DT, Vu TQ, Bui NL, Thi HV, Vu TD, Hoang DA, Van TT, Truong DT. Variation in body weight, glucose/insulin tolerances, blood lipids and liver enzymes in mice in response to a high-fat-diet from lard. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150430. [PMID: 39043000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
It raises questions about the impact of lard on the health and the differences in individual responses. Therefore, we developed a model of mice fed with high fat (HF) from lard in 130 days. The weight of the mice was measured every two days. Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance tests were performed at 70 days and 130 days of experiment. At the end of the study, the fat tissue was collected to check the weight, and a blood sample was collected to check the blood lipids and liver enzymes. Surprisingly, mice responded variously to the HF by being classified into two groups, one group had significantly high gained weight (HG_HF) versus the mice fed a standard diet (STD) (p < 0.001), and another group (LG_HF) has not difference in body weight compared to the STD groups. This phenomenon in body weight is directly reflected by the white fat accumulation, but not by brown fat. Eating HF from lard for a long time can disrupt glucose tolerance and cause dyslipidemia in mice, even in the LG_HF group, but can not disrupt insulin tolerance and cause liver enzyme disorders. In summary, our findings are a wake-up call for many cases where eating HF from lard does not gain weight and not increase the white fat storage, but still has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Further studies are encouraged to understand the molecular mechanisms that causes the body to regulate its weight and responses when eating HF from lard, especially in the LG_HF group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tri-Quang Vu
- Department of Anatomy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hue-Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Duc-Anh Hoang
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Than Van
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Tien Truong
- Department of Anatomy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galarregui C, Navas-Carretero S, Zulet MA, González-Navarro CJ, Martínez JA, de Cuevillas B, Marcos-Pasero H, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A, Chausa P, Iniesta JM, Hernando ME, Gómez EJ, Garcia-Rudolph A, García-Molina A, Loria-Kohen V, Abete I. Precision nutrition impact on metabolic health and quality of life in aging population after a 3-month intervention: A randomized intervention. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100289. [PMID: 38865737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innovative precision dietary procedures are required to promote healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalised strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and digital tools on overall health status and quality of life within a follow-up of 3 months in older adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS 127 men and women aged between 50 and 80 years with overweight/obesity participated in the study-between January 2020 and September 2020 at the Center for Nutrition Research-University of Navarra and IMDEA-ALIMENTACIÓN-and were randomly assigned to a usual-care group (standard recommendations) or precision group (precision nutrition strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and a mobile application). Anthropometry, body fat percentage, biochemical parameters, diet, and quality of life (SF-36 Health Survey) were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. RESULTS Both strategies were found to improve overall metabolic health; however, the precision approach demonstrated significantly better outcomes. The precision strategy reduced body weight at 3 months (-4.3 kg; p < 0.001) with significant improvements in body fat percentage, blood pressure and general metabolic health (glycated haemoglobin; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; hepatic steatosis index) in comparison with the standard recommendations. The precision approach significantly enhanced the quality of life (SF-36) of individuals, with additional improvements in emotional well-being (p = 0.024) and vitality (p = 0.008). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a higher quality of life and vitality. CONCLUSION These results support the benefit of precision nutrition approaches for promoting healthy aging and emotional well-being, enhancing the quality of life in aging populations, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galarregui
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos J González-Navarro
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña de Cuevillas
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Helena Marcos-Pasero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Chausa
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Iniesta
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Elena Hernando
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J Gómez
- Biomedical Engineering and Telemedicine Centre, ETSI Telecomunicación, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Rudolph
- Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari De Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a La UAB, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació En Ciències De La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari De Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a La UAB, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació En Ciències De La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwon J, Sa M, Kim H, Seong Y, Lee CJ. Egocentric 3D Skeleton Learning in a Deep Neural Network Encodes Obese-like Motion Representations. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:119-128. [PMID: 38993079 PMCID: PMC11247279 DOI: 10.5607/en24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health concern, mainly caused by poor dietary habits. Yet, accurately tracking the diet and food intake of individuals with obesity is challenging. Although 3D motion capture technology is becoming increasingly important in healthcare, its potential for detecting early signs of obesity has not been fully explored. In this research, we used a deep LSTM network trained with individual identity (identity-trained deep LSTM network) to analyze 3D time-series skeleton data from mouse models with diet-induced obesity. First, we analyzed the data from two different viewpoints: allocentric and egocentric. Second, we trained various deep recurrent networks (e.g., RNN, GRU, LSTM) to predict the identity. Lastly, we tested whether these models effectively encode obese-like motion representations by training a support vector classifier with the latent features from the last layer. Our experimental results indicate that the optimal performance is achieved when utilizing an identity-trained deep LSTM network in conjunction with an egocentric viewpoint. This approach suggests a new way to use deep learning to spot health risks in mouse models of obesity and should be useful for detecting early signs of obesity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Moonsun Sa
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Department of Pre-Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Yejin Seong
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu W, Jin W, Wilde PJ, Jin Y, Pan Y, Han J. Understanding the mechanism of high viscosity food delaying gastric emptying. Food Funct 2024; 15:5382-5396. [PMID: 38639045 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the structure and viscosity of food can influence the development of diet-related diseases. Food viscosity has been linked with health through its impact on human digestion and gastrointestinal transit, however, there is limited understanding of how the viscosity of food regulates gastric emptying. Here, we used model food preparations with different viscosities using guar gum, to explore the mechanism underlying the influence of viscosity on gastric motility, gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose. Based on experiments in human volunteers and animals, we demonstrated that high viscosity meals increased gastric antrum area and gastric retention rate. Viscosity also affected gut hormone secretion, reduced the gene expression level of interstitial cells of Cajal, resulting in a delay of gastric emptying and limiting the increase in postprandial glucose. This improved mechanistic understanding of food viscosity during gastric digestion is important for designing new foods to benefit human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Weiping Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Peter J Wilde
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Yangyi Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yujie Pan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Zhu J, Gao R, Ding L, Yang Y, Zhao W, Cui X, Lu W, Wang J, Li Y. Estimating effects of whole grain consumption on type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease: a burden of proof study. Nutr J 2024; 23:49. [PMID: 38741117 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on whole grain consumption had inconsistent findings and lacked quantitative assessments of evidence quality. Therefore, we aimed to summarize updated findings using the Burden of Proof analysis (BPRF) to investigate the relationship of whole grain consumption on type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS We conducted a literature search in the Medline and Web of Science up to June 12, 2023, to identify related cohort studies and systematic reviews. The mean RR (relative risk) curve and uncertainty intervals (UIs), BPRF function, risk-outcome score (ROS), and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) were estimated to evaluate the level of four risk-outcome pairs. RESULTS In total, 27 prospective cohorts were included in our analysis. Consuming whole grain at the range of TMREL (118.5-148.1 g per day) was associated with lower risks: T2D (declined by 37.3%, 95% UI: 5.8 to 59.5), CRC (declined by 17.3%, 6.5 to 27.7), stroke (declined by 21.8%, 7.3 to 35.1), and IHD (declined by 36.9%, 7.1 to 58.0). For all outcomes except stroke, we observed a non-linear, monotonic decrease as whole grain consumption increased; For stroke, it followed a J-shaped curve (the greatest decline in the risk of stroke at consuming 100 g whole grain for a day). The relationships between whole grain consumption and four diseases are all two-star pairs (ROS: 0.087, 0.068, 0.062, 0.095 for T2D, CRC, stroke, and IHD, respectively). CONCLUSION Consuming 100 g of whole grains per day offers broad protective benefits. However, exceeding this threshold may diminish the protective effects against stroke. Our findings endorse replacing refined grains with whole grains as the main source of daily carbohydrates. REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYSES: We have registered our research in PROSPERO, and the identifier of our meta-analyses is CRD42023447345.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houpu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lilu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ntimana CB, Seakamela KP, Mashaba RG, Maimela E. Determinants of central obesity in children and adolescents and associated complications in South Africa: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1324855. [PMID: 38716247 PMCID: PMC11075369 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1324855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Central obesity in children is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In 2019 the World Obesity Federation predicted that in 2025, 206 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 will be obese, and the number is estimated to reach 254 million by 2030. There is limited literature on the factors that are associated with the development of central obesity in children. We report a systematic review, aimed to describe the current literature on determinants of central obesity and its associated health outcomes in children and adolescents in the South African population. Methods We searched for peer-reviewed studies in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct search engines, and about seven studies were included. This systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (Registration number: CRD42023457012). This systematic review was conducted and reported according to an updated version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed by following guidelines from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The method considered three main domains: selection, comparability, and outcome across different study designs. Results The prevalence of central obesity in children and adolescents by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ranged from 2.0 to 41.0%; waist-to-hip [WHR ranged from 10 to 25%; waist circumference (WC) ranged from 9 to 35%]. Central obesity was associated with age, physical inactivity, gender socio, and demographic profiles of the household. Central obesity in children was associated with cardiovascular diseases and mental health issues. Conclusion Central obesity in children and adolescents was determined by gender, pubertal development, and age of the parents, households with high socioeconomic status, dietary practices, and overweight/obesity. Given the high prevalence of central obesity in children which can ultimately result in cardiometabolic diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, and mental health issues. This highlights the need for systems, jointly initiated by healthcare providers, policymakers, and the general society aimed at reducing the burden of central obesity such as introducing children and adolescents to health-promoting lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cairo Bruce Ntimana
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Zhang J, Jiao H, Tian W, Zhai X. Genetically predicted dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:227. [PMID: 38609963 PMCID: PMC11010414 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous observational investigations have indicated a potential association between relative dietary macronutrient intakes and atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) risk. In this study, we employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) to evaluate the presence of causality and to elucidate the specific causal relationship. METHODS We employed six, five, and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for relative carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, identified from a genome-wide association study that included 268,922 individuals of European descent. Furthermore, we acquired summary statistics for genome-wide association studies on AF from the FinnGen consortium, which involved 22,068 cases and 116,926 controls. To evaluate the causal estimates, we utilized the random effect inverse variance weighted method (IVW) and several other MR methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to confirm the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Our analysis indicates a convincing causal relationship between genetically predicted relative carbohydrate and protein intake and reduced AF risk. Inverse variance weighted analysis results for carbohydrates (OR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.14, 0.59); P < 0.001) and protein (OR = 0.47; 95% CI (0.26, 0.85); P = 0.01) support this association. Our MR analysis did not identify a significant causal relationship between relative fat intake and AF risk. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between higher relative protein and carbohydrate intake and a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haoyang Jiao
- Institute of Documentation, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Gaoyang County Hospital, Baoding, 071599, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xu Zhai
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gibbons C, Beaulieu K, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez JA, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Nazare JA, Le Bail A, Rannou C, Hardman C, Wilton M, Kjølbæk L, Scott C, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Finlayson G. Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight/obesity-a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105005. [PMID: 38553262 PMCID: PMC11026940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SE) are used to replace energy yielding sugars and maintain sweet taste in a wide range of products, but controversy exists about their effects on appetite and endocrine responses in reduced or no added sugar solid foods. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the acute (1 day) and repeated (two-week daily) ingestive effects of 2 S&SE vs. sucrose formulations of biscuit with fruit filling on appetite and endocrine responses in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS In a randomised crossover trial, 53 healthy adults (33 female, 20 male) with overweight/obesity in England and France consumed biscuits with fruit filling containing 1) sucrose, or reformulated with either 2) Stevia Rebaudioside M (StRebM) or 3) Neotame daily during three, two-week intervention periods with a two-week washout. The primary outcome was composite appetite score defined as [desire to eat + hunger + (100 - fullness) + prospective consumption]/4. FINDINGS Each formulation elicited a similar reduction in appetite sensations (3-h postprandial net iAUC). Postprandial insulin (2-h iAUC) was lower after Neotame (95% CI (0.093, 0.166); p < 0.001; d = -0.71) and StRebM (95% CI (0.133, 0.205); p < 0.001; d = -1.01) compared to sucrose, and glucose was lower after StRebM (95% CI (0.023, 0.171); p < 0.05; d = -0.39) but not after Neotame (95% CI (-0.007, 0.145); p = 0.074; d = -0.25) compared to sucrose. There were no differences between S&SE or sucrose formulations on ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 or pancreatic polypeptide iAUCs. No clinically meaningful differences between acute vs. two-weeks of daily consumption were found. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, biscuits reformulated to replace sugar using StRebM or Neotame showed no differences in appetite or endocrine responses, acutely or after a two-week exposure, but can reduce postprandial insulin and glucose response in adults with overweight or obesity. FUNDING The present study was funded by the Horizon 2020 program: Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: Impact on health, obesity, safety and sustainability (acronym: SWEET, grant no: 774293).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gibbons
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beverley O'Hara
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Dominic O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hardman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Moon Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corey Scott
- Core Research and Development, Cargill, Inc, USA
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason C G Halford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martel J, Ojcius DM, Young JD. Lifestyle interventions to delay senescence. Biomed J 2024; 47:100676. [PMID: 37925155 PMCID: PMC10940141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a condition of cell cycle arrest that increases inflammation and contributes to the development of chronic diseases in the aging human body. While several compounds described as senolytics and senomorphics produce health benefits by reducing the burden of senescence, less attention has been devoted to lifestyle interventions that produce similar effects. We describe here the effects of exercise, nutrition, caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, phytochemicals from natural products, prebiotics and probiotics, and adequate sleep on senescence in model organisms and humans. These interventions can be integrated within a healthy lifestyle to reduce senescence and inflammation and delay the consequences of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA; Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thayanne Souza Alves da Silva I, Eduarda da Silva Fidelis D, Santos de Sousa Fernandes M. Comment on "Chronotype as a predictor of weight loss and body composition improvements in women with overweight or obesity undergoing a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)" clinical nutrition 2023. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1073-1074. [PMID: 38049356 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora Eduarda da Silva Fidelis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu M, Lyu Y, Xu H, Luo H, Yin X, Zheng H. Raspberry polysaccharides attenuate hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in diet-induced obese mice by enhancing butyrate-mediated intestinal barrier function. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130007. [PMID: 38340928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and associated liver diseases are becoming global public health challenges. Raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu.), as a medicine food homology plant, possesses a series of health-promoting properties, but its protective effect on obesity-related liver injury and the potential mechanisms remain obscure. Herein high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were orally treated with raspberry polysaccharides (RCP) for 14 weeks. Treatment with RCP alleviated obesity and associated symptoms including hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, endotoxemia, as well as hepatic inflammation and oxidant stress in HFD-induced obese mice. RCP restructured the gut microbiota and host metabolism especially by increasing the levels of Dubosiella and its metabolite butyrate. Besides, exogenous butyrate supplementation protected against intestinal barrier disruption, and thereby reduced inflow of lipopolysaccharide and mitigated inflammation and oxidative injury in the liver of obese mice. Therefore, we suggest that RCP can be utilized as a novel prebiotics to improve obesity-induced hepatic oxidative injury by enhancing butyrate-mediated intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuxin Lyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hangying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hanqi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoli Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cai M, Feng J, Wang J, Chen P, Ge Z, Liu W, Sun P, Wu L, Wu J. Characterization of Various Noncovalent Polyphenol-Starch Complexes and Their Prebiotic Activities during In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2250-2262. [PMID: 38235718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the structural characterization of six noncovalent polyphenol-starch complexes and their prebiotic activities during in vitro digestion and fermentation. Ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, isoquercetin, astragalin, and hyperin were complexed with sweet potato starch (SPS). The polyphenols exhibited high binding capacity (>70%) with SPS. A partial release of flavonoids from the complexes was observed via in vitro digestion, while the phenolic acids remained tightly bound. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that polyphenols altered the spatial configuration of polysaccharides and intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed. Additionally, polyphenol-SPS complexes exerted inhibitory effects on starch digestion compared to gelatinized SPS, owing to the increase in resistant starch fraction. It revealed that the different complexes stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, while inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. Moreover, in vitro fermentation experiments revealed that complexes were utilized by the gut microbiota, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids and a decrease in pH. In addition, the polyphenol-SPS complexes altered the composition of gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and decreasing pathogenic bacteria. Polyphenol-SPS complexes exhibit great potential for use as a prebiotic and exert dual beneficial effects on gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicai Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liehong Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tseng YC, Fu LC, Chong HC, Tang ST, Yang SC, Huang WC, Yang YCS, Chen YL. Consumption of a Taiwanese cafeteria diet induces metabolic disorders and fecal flora changes in obese rats. Nutrition 2024; 117:112230. [PMID: 37897986 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among diet-induced obesity animal models, the cafeteria diet, which contains human junk food and processed foods, is a popular experimental animal diets in Western countries. Consumption of a cafeteria diet can lead to the development of obesity and non-alcoholic liver disease in as soon as 2 mo, which more accurately reflects human eating patterns. The aim of this study was to establish a Taiwanese cafeteria diet and compare it with a traditional lard-based, 60% high-fat diet in a 12-wk animal model. METHODS Six-wk-old male Wistar rats were assigned to the following three groups: control diet (C; LabDiet 5001); high-fat diet (HFD; 60% HFD); and the Taiwanese cafeteria diet (CAF). RESULTS At the end of the study, weight gain and steatosis were observed in the HF and CAF groups. Compared with the HFD group, rats in the CAF group showed significantly higher plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and insulin resistance, which may have been correlated with increased inflammatory responses. Significantly lower hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and insulin receptor substrate-1 protein expressions were observed in the CAF group compared with the HFD group. Additionally, disruption of the microbiotic composition followed by increased obesity-related bacteria was observed in the CAF group. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed that the Taiwanese cafeteria diet-induced rat model provided a potential platform for investigating obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Tseng
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Chi Fu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Tang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Ching Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Sh Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agraib LM, Al-Shami I, Alkhatib B, Al-Dalaeen AM. Do macronutrient intakes affect obesity indices in Jordanian adults? Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23970. [PMID: 37506187 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether macronutrient intake is associated with novel obesity indices, including the conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI). METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 491 adults (344 males and 147 females) working at different universities in Jordan (July-December 2019). Daily intake of energy (kcal), carbohydrates (g), protein (g), and fat (g) was obtained using 24-h recalls collected over 2 days. Additionally, obesity indices were calculated. RESULTS Regardless of sex, energy, and carbohydrate intakes had a moderately significant positive association, whereas protein and fat intakes had a weakly significant association with BAI, AVI, and BRI. CI and WWI showed a weakly significant association with all macronutrients in males, a moderate correlation with energy and carbohydrate intake, and a weak association with fat and protein intake in females. Male participants had significant increases in the CI (T1 = 1.29 ± 0.01 vs. T3 = 1.36 ± 0.01, p = .018), AVI (T1 = 17.96 ± 0.52 vs. T3 = 22.81 ± 0.57, p = .011), and WWI (T1 = 10.72 ± 0.11 vs. T3 = 11.29 ± 0.09, p = .047) indices scores through the carbohydrate intake tertiles. Additionally, there was a significant increase in scores of AVI (T1 = 18.60 ± 0.56 vs. T3 = 21.42 ± 0.46, p = .048) and an almost significant increase in CI (T1 = 1.30 ± 0.01vs. T3 = 1.33 ± 0.01, p = .056) through the tertiles of protein intake. CONCLUSION Macronutrients were significantly associated with all indices. The effect of macronutrients on obesity indices is sex-based. Among men, CI, AVI, and WWI were the indices most affected by carbohydrate and protein intakes. Future studies should further investigate food sources and macronutrient quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anfal M Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang C, Luo Y, Zeng B, Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Liao X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang X. Branched-chain amino acids prevent obesity by inhibiting the cell cycle in an NADPH-FTO-m 6A coordinated manner. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109437. [PMID: 37666478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health crisis in the past decades. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), a class of essential amino acids, exerted beneficial health effects with regard to obesity and its related metabolic dysfunction, although the underlying reason is unknown. Here, we show that BCAA supplementation alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Further, we find that BCAA prevent the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of preadipocytes by reducing cyclin A2 (CCNA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) expression. Mechanistically, BCAA decrease the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells by reducing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression. The reduced NADPH attenuates the expression of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein, a well-known m6A demethylase, to increase the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels of Ccna2 and Cdk2 mRNA. Meanwhile, the high m6A levels of Ccna2 and Cdk2 mRNA are recognized by YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), which results in mRNA decay and reduction of their protein expressions. Overall, our data demonstrate that BCAA inhibit obesity and adipogenesis by reducing CDK2 and CCNA2 expression via an NADPH-FTO-m6A coordinated manner in vivo and in vitro, which raises a new perspective on the role of m6A in the BCAA regulation of obesity and adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaojun Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Botao Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pérez L, Pincay R, Salazar D, Flores N, Escolastico C. Evaluation of the Quality and Lipid Content of Artisan Sausages Produced in Tungurahua, Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:4288. [PMID: 38231746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sausage worldwide increases every year; because of this increase, artisanal products have appeared and are intended to be perceived as natural and healthy. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases associated with consuming meat and meat derivatives have been estimated to be the leading cause of death in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality, lipid content, and presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, contributing to demonstrating the real nutritional value of artisanal sausages produced in Ecuador. Sausages from 10 factories in Ambato, Pelileo, and Píllaro, located in Tungurahua, Ecuador, were evaluated. The pH and acidity, color, proximal, sensory, microbiological, and lipid content were assessed. The pH and acidity showed a slight variation in all of the samples. Proximal analysis (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) established that the artisan sausages did not differ from the type of sausages reported in the literature. Microbiological analyses showed a good microbial quality, and there was no presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteria, molds, or yeasts. The sensory attributes were similar for all of the sausages; the panelists did not notice any strange taste or odor. The lipid content showed that the artisanal sausages contained the highest percentage of palmitic, stearic, elaidic, and linolelaidic fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids were the most prevalent in all of the sausages collected from different locations. The results showed that the nutritional, microbiological, and sensory quality of the artisanal sausages did not show any parameter that would allow them to be classified as different or as having a better nutritional value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lander Pérez
- International School of Doctorate, Sciences Doctorate, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Pincay
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Diego Salazar
- G+ Biofood and Engineering Research Group, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Nelly Flores
- Research and Development Directorate, Food and Biotechnology Faculty, Technical University of Ambato (UTA), Av. Los Chasquis y Río Payamino, Ambato 180206, Ecuador
| | - Consuelo Escolastico
- International School of Doctorate, Sciences Doctorate, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
San-Cristobal R, de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Pérusse L, Biron S, Marceau S, Lafortune Payette A, Vohl MC. Impact of maternal cardiometabolic status after bariatric surgery on the association between telomere length and adiposity in offspring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20771. [PMID: 38008763 PMCID: PMC10679094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of bariatric surgery on metabolic and inflammatory status are reflected in the epigenetic profile and telomere length mediated by the changes in the metabolic status of the patients. This study compared the telomere length of children born before versus after maternal bariatric surgery as a surrogate to test the influence of the mother's metabolic status on children's telomere length. DNA methylation telomere length (DNAmTL) was estimated from Methylation-EPIC BeadChip array data from a total of 24 children born before and after maternal bariatric surgery in the greater Quebec City area. DNAmTL was inversely associated with chronological age in children (r = - 0.80, p < 0.001) and significant differences were observed on age-adjusted DNAmTL between children born before versus after the maternal bariatric surgery. The associations found between body mass index and body fat percentage with DNAmTL in children born after the surgery were influenced by maternal triglycerides, TG/HDL-C ratio and TyG index. This study reports the impact of maternal bariatric surgery on offspring telomere length. The influence of maternal metabolic status on the association between telomere length and markers of adiposity in children suggests a putative modulating effect of bariatric surgery on the cardiometabolic risk in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Biron
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Marceau
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Lafortune Payette
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chu Z, Hu Z, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Yang F, Luo F. Targeting gut-liver axis by dietary lignans ameliorate obesity: evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37870876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2272269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure causes obesity. It is characterized by increased adipose accumulation and accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Many studies have suggested that the gut microbiota of the host mediates the relationship between high-fat diet consumption and the development of obesity. Diet and nutrition of the body are heavily influenced by gut microbiota. The alterations in the microbiota in the gut may have effects on the homeostasis of the host's energy levels, systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. The liver is an important organ for fat metabolism and gut-liver axis play important role in the fat metabolism. Gut-liver axis is a bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and the liver. As essential plant components, lignans have been shown to have different biological functions. Accumulating evidences have suggested that lignans may have lipid-lowering properties. Lignans can regulate the level of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the host, thereby affecting signaling pathways related to fat synthesis and metabolism. These signaling pathways can make a difference in inhibiting fat accumulation, accelerating energy metabolism, affecting appetite, and inhibiting chronic inflammation. It will provide the groundwork for future studies on the lipid-lowering impact of lignans and the creation of functional meals based on those findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hosseini-Esfahani F, Rezaei M, Koochakpoor G, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary approach to stop hypertension and healthy eating index 2015, modify the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:204. [PMID: 37697388 PMCID: PMC10496275 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interaction of the healthy eating index (HEI) and the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet scores with FTO polymorphisms in relation to change in obesity traits. A total of 4480 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were selected from participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed-up 3 years. Selected polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs8050136) were genotyped and genetic risk score (GRS) was computed. HEI and DASH scores were computed based on dietary data. Changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were measured. Higher adherence to both DASH and HEI scores were increased with higher ages. Individuals with high GRS had a lower change in BMI when they had higher adherence to HEI, compared to subjects with lower HEI score (P trend = 0.01). Change in WC in participants in the fourth quartile of HEI score in minor allele carriers of FTO variants was lower compared to the first quartile; conversely, higher adherence to the DASH score by this genotypic group was related to increase in WC. No significant interaction was seen between FTO polymorphisms and both diet scores regarding changes in any of obesity traits. In conclusion, in individuals with high GRS higher adherence to HEI score was associated with lower change in BMI and WC, while higher adherence to DASH diet was associated with higher change in WC, compared to individuals with lower adherence to both scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Rezaei
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Visco V, Izzo C, Bonadies D, Di Feo F, Caliendo G, Loria F, Mancusi C, Chivasso P, Di Pietro P, Virtuoso N, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C, Ciccarelli M. Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:327. [PMID: 37623340 PMCID: PMC10455377 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health epidemic worldwide and is implicated in slowing improved life expectancy and increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk; indeed, several obesity-related mechanisms drive structural, functional, humoral, and hemodynamic heart alterations. On the other hand, obesity may indirectly cause CV disease, mediated through different obesity-associated comorbidities. Diet and physical activity are key points in preventing CV disease and reducing CV risk; however, these strategies alone are not always sufficient, so other approaches, such as pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery, must support them. Moreover, these strategies are associated with improved CV risk factors and effectively reduce the incidence of death and CV events such as myocardial infarction and stroke; consequently, an individualized care plan with a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. More precisely, this review explores several interventions (diet, physical activity, pharmacological and surgical treatments) to address CV risk in obese patients and emphasizes the importance of adherence to treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Davide Bonadies
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Di Feo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Francesco Loria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierpaolo Chivasso
- Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.V.); (C.I.); (D.B.); (F.D.F.); (G.C.); (F.L.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vahid F, Rahmani W, Davoodi SH, Bohn T. The micronutrient content of the diet is correlated with serum glucose biomarkers and lipid profile and is associated with the odds of being overweight/obese-a case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1148183. [PMID: 37457985 PMCID: PMC10338876 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1148183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A low micronutrient intake has been reported to contribute to the double-burden of obesity, increasing the risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental disorders. This case-control study compared micronutrient intake profiles in overweight/obese vs. normal-weight individuals. We hypothesized that a low intake of certain micronutrients would increase the odds of being overweight/obese. Methods The case group (n = 812 adults) consisted of individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, and the control group (n = 793) had BMIs of 17.9-24.9 kg/m2. A validated 124-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine micronutrient-related dietary-quality, using the index of nutritional quality (INQ), calculated as the fraction of a micronutrient consumed vs. its dietary requirement. In addition, body surface area (BSA) was calculated according to the Mosteller formula. Results The control group had significantly higher INQ-scores of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and selenium compared to the case group. Furthermore, individuals with normal BSA (≤1.91 m2 for men; ≤1.71 m2 for women) had significantly higher INQ scores of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to participants with high BSA. In multivariable adjustment regression models, INQs of vitamin C (ORBMI = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64-0.97; ORBSA = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.68-0.97) and magnesium (ORBMI = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.47-0.99; ORBSA = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.97) were significantly associated with the odds of obesity/overweight (in both BMI and BSA categories). Conclusion The significant association between micronutrient levels of the diet, especially of vitamin C and magnesium, with both obesity criteria, emphasized the importance of certain micronutrients in the obesity/overweight causal network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Wena Rahmani
- Nutrition Group, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
San-Cristobal R, de Toro-Martín J, Vohl MC. Heuristic Approach Uncovering Biological Significance of Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Cardiometabolic Traits. Lifestyle Genom 2023; 16:106-112. [PMID: 37339607 DOI: 10.1159/000531181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-lifestyle interaction studies using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data contribute to a better understanding of individual responses to environmental exposures. OBJECTIVES Herein, we aimed at assessing the biological significance of overlapping genes reported in gene-lifestyle interaction studies in cardiometabolic health. METHOD A heuristic analysis of genes reporting significant interactions related to cardiometabolic traits was performed to determine the biological pathways common to the different traits. RESULTS A total of 873 genes were analyzed. Fine and condensed phenotypic solutions were obtained from overlapping genes common to more than one trait. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant metabolic pathways associated with the impact of gene-environment interactions on cardiometabolic risk. Graphical Abstract: Publicly available data in cloud-based repositories were used to perform enrichment analyses of genes previously described in GWAS studies that showed interaction with lifestyles. From the enriched pathways, cluster analysis was performed to group enriched metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nehme J, Altulea A, Gheorghe T, Demaria M. The effects of macronutrients metabolism on cellular and organismal aging. Biomed J 2023; 46:100585. [PMID: 36801257 PMCID: PMC10209809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the notion that metabolic pathways are major regulators of organismal aging, and that metabolic perturbations can extend health- and lifespan. For this reason, dietary interventions and compounds perturbing metabolism are currently explored as anti-aging strategies. A common target for metabolic interventions delaying aging is cellular senescence, a state of stable growth arrest that is accompanied by various structural and functional changes including the activation of a pro-inflammatory secretome. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular events associated with carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and define how macronutrients can regulate induction or prevention of cellular senescence. We discuss how various dietary interventions can achieve prevention of disease and extension of healthy longevity by partially modulating senescence-associated phenotypes. We also emphasize the importance of developing personalized nutritional interventions that take into account the current health and age status of the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Nehme
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah Altulea
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Teodora Gheorghe
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tammi R, Männistö S, Harald K, Maukonen M, Eriksson JG, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Kaartinen NE. Different carbohydrate exposures and weight gain-results from a pooled analysis of three population-based studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01323-3. [PMID: 37149710 PMCID: PMC10359185 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of carbohydrate quantity and quality in weight gain remains unsolved, and research on carbohydrate subcategories is scarce. We examined total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, total sugar, and sucrose intake in relation to the risk of weight gain in Finnish adults. METHODS Our data comprised 8327 adults aged 25-70 years in three population-based prospective cohorts. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and nutrient intakes were calculated utilizing the Finnish Food Composition Database. Anthropometric measurements were collected according to standard protocols. Two-staged pooling was applied to derive relative risks across cohorts for weight gain of at least 5% by exposure variable intake quintiles in a 7-year follow-up. Linear trends were examined based on a Wald test. RESULTS No association was observed between intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugar or sucrose and the risk of weight gain of at least 5%. Yet, total sugar intake had a borderline protective association with the risk of weight gain in participants with obesity (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.40-1.00 for highest vs. lowest quintile) and sucrose intake in participants with ≥10% decrease in carbohydrate intake during the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-1.00) after adjustments for sex, age, baseline weight, education, smoking, physical activity, and energy intake. Further adjustment for fruit consumption strengthened the associations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between carbohydrate intake and weight gain. However, the results suggested that concurrent changes in carbohydrate intake might be an important determinant of weight change and should be further examined in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rilla Tammi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kennet Harald
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Samakidou GE, Koliaki CC, Liberopoulos EN, Katsilambros NL. Non-Classical Aspects of Obesity Pathogenesis and Their Relative Clinical Importance for Obesity Treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091310. [PMID: 37174852 PMCID: PMC10178220 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease and a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. An increased energy intake and decreased physical activity have been long recognized as the classical parameters that contribute to the development of obesity. However, several other, non-classical factors have also been associated with obesity through various complex mechanisms. Some of them are diet related, such as diet quality, dietary habits and speed of eating. Other factors are non-dietary, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, sleep quality and quantity, psychotropic medications and light at night. The scope of the present narrative review is to address these non-classical factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, to clarify their potential role in the management of obesity and, where possible, to provide some practical clinical recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Samakidou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos N Liberopoulos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos L Katsilambros
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang Y, Xu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Tian C, Huang B, Chen Y, Ma L. Associations of dietary antioxidant micronutrients with the prevalence of obesity in adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1098761. [PMID: 36992905 PMCID: PMC10040542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1098761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAntioxidant micronutrients have a therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of obesity. NO research, however, has examined the connection between the complex level of dietary antioxidants and obesity.Materials and methodsWe mainly aimed to investigate the relationship between a combination of antioxidants and obesity using the database of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional study contains a survey of 41,021 people (≥18 years) in total ranging from 2005 to 2018. Multivariate logistic and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to investigate the associations between these antioxidants, both individually and collectively, and the prevalence of obesity. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was also utilized to analyze the linearity of these associations.ResultsAccording to multivariate logistic models, we found that the levels of most antioxidants in the highest quartile were independently related to a lower prevalence of obesity, while a reverse result was observed in selenium (p for trend <0.05). The WQS index revealed that a total of the 11 antioxidants is negatively related to the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (all p<0.001), and iron/vitamin C have the greatest weight in the negative associations between antioxidant complex and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. In addition, the RCS regression showed that retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and copper all had a non-linear association with obesity. Threshold effect analysis demonstrated that the inflection points of retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and cooper were 235.57, 374.81, 58.89, 891.44, 30.70, 43,410.00, 11,240.00, and 990.00 μg/day, respectively.ConclusionOur study found that a high level of a complex of 11 dietary antioxidants is related to a lower prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity, among this inverse associations iron and vitamin C have the greatest weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhu Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengzi Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma, ; Youpeng Chen, ; Bihui Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernández-Felipe J, Valencia-Avezuela M, Merino B, Somoza B, Cano V, Sanz-Martos AB, Frago LM, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Ruiz-Gayo M, Chowen JA. Effects of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids on metabolism, gliosis, and hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in male mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:173-186. [PMID: 35125071 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2029294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of obesity and its comorbidities is not only the result of excess energy intake, but also of dietary composition. Understanding how hypothalamic metabolic circuits interpret nutritional signals is fundamental to advance towards effective dietary interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the metabolic response to diets enriched in specific fatty acids. METHODS Male mice received a diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UOLF) or saturated fatty acids (SOLF) for 8 weeks. RESULTS UOLF and SOLF mice gained more weight and adiposity, but with no difference between these two groups. Circulating leptin levels increased on both fatty acid-enriched diet, but were higher in UOLF mice, as were leptin mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue. In contrast, serum non-esterified fatty acid levels only rose in SOLF mice. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY decreased and of POMC increased in both UOLF and SOLF mice, but only SOLF mice showed signs of hypothalamic astrogliosis and affectation of central fatty acid metabolism. Exogenous leptin activated STAT3 in the hypothalamus of all groups, but the activation of AKT and mTOR and the decrease in AMPK activation in observed in controls and UOLF mice was not found in SOLF mice. CONCLUSIONS Diets rich in fatty acids increase body weight and adiposity even if energy intake is not increased, while increased intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differentially modify metabolic parameters that could underlie more long-term comorbidities. Thus, more understanding of how specific nutrients affect metabolism, weight gain, and obesity associated complications is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valencia-Avezuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz-Martos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria S Fernández-Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oliveira JPT, do Carmo SG, Aragão BDA, Cunha J, Botelho PB. Meditation practices and their relationship with eating behavior, weight changes, and mental health in adults from different regions of Brazil: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 109:111972. [PMID: 36753914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different meditation practices on eating behavior, changes in body weight, and mental health. METHODS A virtual questionnaire was used to evaluate meditation practices and current and prepandemic weights. The questionnaire comprised specific and validated instruments to evaluate body image (silhouette scale), eating behavior (21-item three-factor eating questionnaire), current sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory). Initially, data from all the respondents were assessed (n = 764). Mindfulness was the most common type of meditation practice in most Brazilian regions. RESULTS Lower scores in uncontrolled eating (meditation practitioners = 32.19 ± 19.72 and non-meditation practitioners = 35.17 ± 20.50; P = 0.038) and higher weight loss (meditation practitioners = -0.77 ± 8.44 and non-meditation practitioners = 1.29 ± 6.39; P = 0.013) were observed among those who practiced some type of meditation. To verify the influence of weight, we analyzed the data of individuals who had body mass index ≥25 kg/m²; overweight individuals presented lower uncontrolled eating scores when they practiced meditation. However, no statistical difference was observed between meditation practitioners and non-practitioners when only adequate weight individuals were evaluated. The practice also influenced the perception of body image among men and resulted in lower uncontrolled eating scores on the 21-item three-factor eating questionnaire and greater weight loss during the pandemic among women. Those practicing meditation for >13 mo had a lower final score on the anxiety assessment instrument compared with those practicing for <12 mo (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the inclusion of meditation practice as part of the management of overweight may reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors and negative emotions, thereby contributing to weight loss, especially in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Gonzaga do Carmo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Almeida Aragão
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cunha
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Redondo-Urzainqui A, Hernández-García E, Cook ECL, Iborra S. Dendritic cells in energy balance regulation. Immunol Lett 2023; 253:19-27. [PMID: 36586424 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides their well-known role in initiating adaptive immune responses, several groups have studied the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the context of chronic metabolic inflammation, such as in diet-induced obesity (DIO) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. DCs also have an important function in maintaining metabolic tissue homeostasis in steady-state conditions. In this review, we will briefly describe the different DC subsets, the murine models available to assess their function, and discuss the role of DCs in regulating energy balance and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Redondo-Urzainqui
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-García
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Emma Clare Laura Cook
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Voruganti VS. Precision Nutrition: Recent Advances in Obesity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36125787 PMCID: PMC9705019 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
"Precision nutrition" is an emerging area of nutrition research that focuses on understanding metabolic variability within and between individuals and helps develop customized dietary plans and interventions to maintain optimal individual health. It encompasses nutritional genomic (gene-nutrient interactions), epigenetic, microbiome, and environmental factors. Obesity is a complex disease that is affected by genetic and environmental factors and thus a relevant target of precision nutrition-based approaches. Recent studies have shown significant associations between obesity phenotypes (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and central and regional adiposity) and genetic variants, epigenetic factors (DNA methylation and noncoding RNA), microbial species, and environment (sociodemographics and physical activity). Additionally, studies have also shown that the interactions between genetic variants, microbial metabolites, and epigenetic factors affect energy balance and adiposity. These include variants in FTO, MC4R, PPAR, APOA, and FADS genes, DNA methylation in CpG island regions, and specific miRNAs and microbial species such as Firmicutes, Bacteriodes, Clostridiales, etc. Similarly, studies have shown that microbial metabolites, folate, B-vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids interact with miRNAs to influence obesity phenotypes. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and analytical approaches, the advances in precision nutrition have the potential to lead to new paradigms, which can further lead to interventions or customized treatments specific to individuals or susceptible groups of individuals. This review highlights the recent advances in precision nutrition as applied to obesity and projects the importance of precision nutrition in obesity and weight management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oleinika K, Slisere B, Catalán D, Rosser EC. B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:263-272. [PMID: 35960996 PMCID: PMC9384752 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is also linked with more severe complications from infections, including COVID-19, and poor vaccine responses. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and associated immune perturbations play an important role in determining morbidity in people living with obesity. The contribution of B cells to immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation associated with obesity has been documented by studies over the past decade. With a focus on human studies, here we consolidate the observations demonstrating that there is altered B cell subset composition, differentiation, and function both systemically and in the adipose tissue of individuals living with obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential factors that drive B cell dysfunction in obesity and propose a model by which altered B cell subset composition in obesity underlies dysfunctional B cell responses to novel pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Oleinika
- Correspondence: Kristine Oleinika, Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Slisere
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH and Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gibbons C, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Hardman C, Wilton M, Harrold JA, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Hodgkins CE, Nazare JA, Alligier M, Martínez JA, Scott C, Kjølbæk L, Normand M, Rannou C, Blaak EE, Feskens E, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Halford JCG, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G. Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063903. [PMID: 36564114 PMCID: PMC9791453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04633681.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hardman
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Moon Wilton
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Charo E Hodgkins
- Food, Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Julie Anne Nazare
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Maud Alligier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Rhône-Alpes Research Centre for Human Nutrition, Pierre-Benite, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French Obesity Research Centre of France, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corey Scott
- Ingredients, Materials and Nutrition, Cargill, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Normand
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ellen E Blaak
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Osei Bonsu E, Addo IY. Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067522. [PMID: 36589948 PMCID: PMC9795067 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that Egypt, a country in North Africa, has a significant number of children at serious risk of excess body weight. Yet, there is a dearth of studies on overweight and obesity among children under 5 years in the country. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt. Methods Data were retrieved from the latest (2008 and 2014) Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). A total of 42,568 children under 5 years were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was described using proportions whereas the factors associated with the prevalence were examined using logistic regression. Results Of the 42,568 children under 5 years, about one in every six (17%) were overweight or obese. Children aged 19-37 months, those with birth weights >4 kg, those given large portions of protein foods (eggs and meat), and those whose mothers were in the rich wealth quintile had significant risks of overweight or obesity. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among children under 5 years in Egypt. Interventions developed to address these two overnutrition indicators in Egypt need to consider variations in risk factors across age, birth weight, food types and portions, and maternal wealth status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,*Correspondence: Emmanuel Osei Bonsu ;
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kokkou S, Notara V, Kanellopoulou A, Antonogeorgos G, Rojas-Gil AP, Kornilaki EN, Lagiou A, Panagiotakos D. The Association between Breakfast Macronutrient Composition and Body Weight, in Preadolescence: An Epidemiological Study among Schoolchildren. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121960. [PMID: 36553403 PMCID: PMC9777345 DOI: 10.3390/children9121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, childhood overweight and obesity tend to reach epidemic proportions. The present study aimed to examine whether the composition of breakfast, through the prism of its macronutrient content, could play a part in the development of excess body weight in children. A sample of 1728 Greek students from 47 primary schools was enrolled for the purposes of this study. Their weight and height were measured and their Body Mass Index was calculated and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Their dietary habits, breakfast foods of choice, and physical activity were assessed through the use of a self-completed questionnaire. Further assessment of breakfast composition was carried out in order to evaluate its macronutrient content. Initial analysis, which was only energy-adjusted, showed a negative association between body weight and breakfast protein content and a positive association for lipid content. After further adjustment for age, sex, level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity, there was a significant negative association between breakfast protein and excess body weight in children (p = 0.029), as well as a significant positive association of breakfast lipid content (p = 0.028). Breakfast macronutrient content seems to have an effect on body composition in children, independently of overall adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity, however further research is needed in order to elucidate potential pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Kokkou
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Thiseos 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece
| | - George Antonogeorgos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Thiseos 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Karaiskaki 70, 221 00 Tripoli, Greece
| | - Ekaterina N. Kornilaki
- Department of Preschool Education, School of Education, University of Crete, 741 00 Gallos, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Thiseos 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2109549332
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Igarashi M, Nogawa S, Hachiya T, Furukawa K, Takahashi S, Jia H, Saito K, Kato H. Association between Dietary Behaviors and BMI Stratified by Sex and the ALDH2 rs671 Polymorphism in Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235116. [PMID: 36501145 PMCID: PMC9741124 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs671 polymorphism, unique to East Asians, is well known to change the sensitivity to alcohol. Moreover, this polymorphism is associated not only with alcohol intake but also with several dietary behaviors (DBs), chronic diseases, and BMI, but the triadic association among the rs671 genotype, DBs, and BMI is unclear. This study included 12,271 Japanese subjects and aimed to observe this three-way association using the rs671 polymorphism, data of 56 DBs, and BMI. All analyses were stratified by participant sex. First, linear regression analyses resulted in significant associations between 18 and 21 DBs and BMI in males and females, respectively. Next, genetic heterogeneity was observed in all sub-groups via interaction analysis of the rs671 genotype stratified by drinking habits. Finally, we observed the characteristics of BMI-related DBs based on the rs671 genotype via stepwise regression analyses stratified by the rs671 genotype and drinking habits. Notably, positive associations were observed between lactobacillus beverage intake and BMI among participants with the rs671 polymorphism AA genotype in both sexes. This study suggests that the rs671 polymorphism modifies the association between DBs and BMI independently of drinking habits, providing evidence for the potential use of rs671 polymorphism information for precision nutrition with East Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shun Nogawa
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
- Department of Genomic Data Analysis Service, Genome Analytics Japan Inc., 15-1-3205 Toyoshima-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0067, Japan
| | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Laboratory of Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoko Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Laboratory of Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Laboratory of Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Laboratory of Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-1607
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nutrigenomics: An inimitable interaction amid genomics, nutrition and health. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
41
|
Saei Ghare Naz M, Jahanfar S, Ramezani Tehrani F. An overview on effects of micronutrients and macronutrients interventions in management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:218-228. [PMID: 36513457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrinopathies among women. Changing dietary behaviors for PCOS management has been an important research focus during the last decades. This review has discussed current evidence and clinical trial studies relating to the impact of macronutrients and micronutrients in the management of different clinical feature of PCOS. The possible relationship between the quality and quantity of micronutrients and macronutrients and PCOS as well as the necessity to manage PCOS as a complex condition highlights the importance of diet-related interventions. The growing number of clinical trials related to the effect of micronutrients (zinc, chromium, selenium, vitamin D, inositol, and vitamin E) and macronutrients interventions (manipulation of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and MedDiet, Calorie restriction, Low Glycemic Diet) have been demonstrated to be practical approaches for managing clinical and biochemical features of PCOS, however the potential benefit of micronutrient and macronutrient approaches could be different from one by one, particularly in different phenotypes of PCOS. To achieve optimum outcomes, providing information regarding safety and the best dose selection of micronutrients and macronutrients is necessary. Hence, to better understand the approaches' risk/benefit in women with PCOS, future trials with a large sample size are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine,Tufts University School of Medicine USA
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baquerizo-Sedano L, Chaquila JA, Aguilar L, Ordovás JM, González-Muniesa P, Garaulet M. Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2988-2995. [PMID: 34246488 PMCID: PMC9711511 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Emergency measures in the face of the recent COVID-19 pandemic have been different among countries, although most have opted for confinement and restrictions on social contact. These measures have generated lifestyle changes with potential effects on individuals' health. The disturbances in daily routines due to confinement and remote work have impacted circadian rhythms and energy balance; however, the consequences of these disruptions have not been studied in depth. The objective was to evaluate the impact of 12-week confinement on body weight, considering changes in several external synchronizers of the biological clock. METHODS The participants, 521 university students (16-35 years), responded to 52 questions oriented to determine light exposure, sleep patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and eating times. RESULTS We found a reduction in sunlight exposure and sleep duration, an increment in sedentarism and screen exposure, and a delay in the timing of the main meals and sleep in the whole cohort. These behavioral changes were associated with a twofold increase in obesity. Subjects who increased their sedentary hours and shortened their sleep to a higher degree were those who gained more bodyweight. The most influential factors in body weight variation during confinement were sleep duration, physical activity (sedentarism), and light (timing of screen exposure). The mediation model explained 6% of the total body weight variation. CONCLUSIONS Results support a significant impact of confinement on several external synchronizers of the biological clock and on body weight. Health-related recommendations during the pandemic must include behavioral recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects on the biological clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baquerizo-Sedano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru,Corresponding author
| | - José A. Chaquila
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Aguilar
- Institute of Food Sciences and Nutrition, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru
| | - José M. Ordovás
- JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, 419 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA,IMDEA Food, Crta. de Canto Blanco Institute, 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,University of Navarra, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,IdISNA- Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos, 5. Pabellón 12. 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain,Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain. Fax: +34 868 88 39 63
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen S, Dai Y, Ma X, Peng H, Wang D, Wang Y. Personalized optimal nutrition lifestyle for self obesity management using metaalgorithms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12387. [PMID: 35858966 PMCID: PMC9297061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine applies machine learning methods to estimate the personalized optimal treatment decision based on individual information, such as genetic data and medical history. The main purpose of self obesity management is to develop a personalized optimal life plan that is easy to implement and adhere to, thereby reducing the incidence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The methodology comprises three components. First, we apply catboost, random forest and lasso covariance test to evaluate the importance of individual features in forecasting body mass index. Second, we apply metaalgorithms to estimate the personalized optimal decision on alcohol, vegetable, high caloric food and daily water intake respectively for each individual. Third, we propose new metaalgorithms named SX and SXwint learners to compute the personalized optimal decision and compare their performances with other prevailing metalearners. We find that people who receive individualized optimal treatment options not only have lower obesity levels than others, but also have lower obesity levels than those who receive ’one-for-all’ treatment options. In conclusion, all metaalgorithms are effective at estimating the personalized optimal decision, where SXwint learner shows the best performance on daily water intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Chen
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiran Dai
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoman Ma
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huimin Peng
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Feng W, Liu J, Cheng H, Zhang D, Tan Y, Peng C. Dietary compounds in modulation of gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Front Nutr 2022; 9:939571. [PMID: 35928846 PMCID: PMC9343712 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.939571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a group of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal tract, plays important roles in health and disease. One mechanism that gut microbiota in modulation of the functions of hosts is achieved through synthesizing and releasing a series of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that dietary compounds can interact with gut microbiota. On one hand, dietary compounds can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota; on the other hand, gut microbiota can metabolize the dietary compounds. Although there are several reviews on gut microbiota and diets, there is no focused review on the effects of dietary compounds on gut microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we first briefly discussed the types of gut microbiota metabolites, their origins, and the reasons that dietary compounds can interact with gut microbiota. Then, focusing on gut microbiota-derived compounds, we discussed the effects of dietary compounds on gut microbiota-derived compounds and the following effects on health. Furthermore, we give our perspectives on the research direction of the related research fields. Understanding the roles of dietary compounds on gut microbiota-derived metabolites will expand our knowledge of how diets affect the host health and disease, thus eventually enable the personalized diets and nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dor C, Stark AH, Dichtiar R, Keinan-Boker L, Sinai T. Non-Dairy Animal Protein Consumption Is Positively Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Israeli Adolescents. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142072. [PMID: 35885315 PMCID: PMC9317251 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein consumption apparently plays a role in weight control. This cross-sectional study examined the association of protein consumption in Israeli adolescents with overweight/obesity. 7th−12th grade students participating in a national school-based survey (2015−2016) completed self-administered questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire, and height and weight measurements (n = 3443, 48% males, 15.2 ± 1.6 years). WHO growth standards served to define weight status. Intakes of total protein and protein source were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated associations with overweight/obesity (BMI z-score ≥ 1), adjusting for possible covariates. Total protein intake (median (IQR)) was 62.5 (45.5, 85.7) g/d, accounting for 12.0 (10.5, 13.6) percent of daily energy. Of participants, 31.4% were overweight/obese. In multivariable models, overweight/obesity was positively associated with incremental increases of 10 g/d in total protein intake (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02−1.12, p < 0.01), total animal protein intake (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01−1.10, p = 0.026), and non-dairy animal protein intake (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01−1.11, p = 0.029). No associations were found with plant or dairy protein intake. These associations remained when protein intake was reported as a percentage of daily energy and when overweight and obesity were analyzed individually. High daily protein intakes, principally from non-dairy animal sources, were positively associated with overweight/obesity in adolescents. Additional studies are needed to establish causality of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dor
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (C.D.); (R.D.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Aliza Hannah Stark
- School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (C.D.); (R.D.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (C.D.); (R.D.); (L.K.-B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Tali Sinai
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel; (C.D.); (R.D.); (L.K.-B.)
- School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-7371568; Fax: +972-2-5655994
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mattes RD, Rowe SB, Ohlhorst SD, Brown AW, Hoffman DJ, Liska DJ, Feskens EJM, Dhillon J, Tucker KL, Epstein LH, Neufeld LM, Kelley M, Fukagawa NK, Sunde RA, Zeisel SH, Basile AJ, Borth LE, Jackson E. Valuing the Diversity of Research Methods to Advance Nutrition Science. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1324-1393. [PMID: 35802522 PMCID: PMC9340992 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASN Board of Directors appointed the Nutrition Research Task Force to develop a report on scientific methods used in nutrition science to advance discovery, interpretation, and application of knowledge in the field. The genesis of this report was growing concern about the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals and the implications of acrimony on the productive study and translation of nutrition science. Too often, honest differences of opinion are cast as conflicts instead of areas of needed collaboration. Recognition of the value (and limitations) of contributions from well-executed nutrition science derived from the various approaches used in the discipline, as well as appreciation of how their layering will yield the strongest evidence base, will provide a basis for greater productivity and impact. Greater collaborative efforts within the field of nutrition science will require an understanding that each method or approach has a place and function that should be valued and used together to create the nutrition evidence base. Precision nutrition was identified as an important emerging nutrition topic by the preponderance of task force members, and this theme was adopted for the report because it lent itself to integration of many approaches in nutrition science. Although the primary audience for this report is nutrition researchers and other nutrition professionals, a secondary aim is to develop a document useful for the various audiences that translate nutrition research, including journalists, clinicians, and policymakers. The intent is to promote accurate, transparent, verifiable evidence-based communication about nutrition science. This will facilitate reasoned interpretation and application of emerging findings and, thereby, improve understanding and trust in nutrition science and appropriate characterization, development, and adoption of recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonard H Epstein
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Science Consulting, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven H Zeisel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Greene LK, Andriambeloson JB, Rasoanaivo HA, Yoder AD, Blanco MB. Variation in gut microbiome structure across the annual hibernation cycle in a wild primate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6604834. [PMID: 35679092 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome can mediate host metabolism, including facilitating energy-saving strategies like hibernation. The dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (Cheirogaleus spp.) are the only obligate hibernators among primates. They also hibernate in the subtropics, and unlike temperate hibernators, fatten by converting fruit sugars to lipid deposits, torpor at relatively warm temperatures, and forage for a generalized diet after emergence. Despite these ecological differences, we might expect hibernation to shape the gut microbiome in similar ways across mammals. We, therefore, compare gut microbiome profiles, determined by amplicon sequencing of rectal swabs, in wild furry-eared dwarf lemurs (C. crossleyi) during fattening, hibernation, and after emergence. The dwarf lemurs exhibited reduced gut microbial diversity during fattening, intermediate diversity and increased community homogenization during hibernation, and greatest diversity after emergence. The Mycoplasma genus was enriched during fattening, whereas the Aerococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families, and not Akkermansia, bloomed during hibernation. As expected, the dwarf lemurs showed seasonal reconfigurations of the gut microbiome; however, the patterns of microbial diversity diverged from temperate hibernators, and better resembled the shifts associated with dietary fruits and sugars in primates and model organisms. Our results thus highlight the potential for dwarf lemurs to probe microbiome-mediated metabolism in primates under contrasting conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Greene
- The Duke Lemur Center, 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, United States.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Jean-Basile Andriambeloson
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Hoby A Rasoanaivo
- Department of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Marina B Blanco
- The Duke Lemur Center, 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, United States.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Martinez-Tapia B, González-Castell D, Cuevas-Nasu L, Shamah-Levy T. Westernized and Diverse Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Overweight-Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Mexican Adult Men. Front Nutr 2022; 9:891609. [PMID: 35811984 PMCID: PMC9263742 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.891609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is very high. To identify the dietary characteristics related with this disorder is necessary to design intervention. The objective was to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Mexican adults.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in Mexican adults (20–59 years old) participating in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Participants (n = 5,735) were classified as having normal weight, overweight-obesity and by their abdominal circumference as having abdominal obesity or not. With information from a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, we used a K-means cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns and calculated a healthy diet indicator to evaluate quality. The association between dietary patterns and overweight-obesity and abdominal obesity was assessed with Poisson regression models adjusted by some characteristics.ResultsWe identified a Rural pattern characterized by tortilla, legumes and egg consumption; a Diverse pattern, characterized by fruits, meat and poultry, vegetables, and dairy beverages, and desserts; and a Westernized pattern, characterized by sweetened non-dairy beverages, fast food, bakery and cookies, candies and salty snacks. In men, Westernized pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97–1.27), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.33), the Diverse pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.38), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.50), compared with the Rural pattern. In women, these dietary patterns were not associated with obesity.DiscussionWesternized and Diverse patterns are associated with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in men. Gender-specific recommendations and surveillance are necessary in the Mexican adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brenda Martinez-Tapia
- Center for Research on Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Brenda Martinez-Tapia
| | - Dinorah González-Castell
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lucía Cuevas-Nasu
- Center for Research on Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Research on Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shibib L, Al-Qaisi M, Ahmed A, Miras AD, Nott D, Pelling M, Greenwald SE, Guess N. Reversal and Remission of T2DM - An Update for Practitioners. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:417-443. [PMID: 35726218 PMCID: PMC9206440 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s345810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, many countries around the world have faced an unchecked pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). As best practice treatment of T2DM has done very little to check its growth, the pandemic of diabesity now threatens to make health-care systems economically more difficult for governments and individuals to manage within their budgets. The conventional view has been that T2DM is irreversible and progressive. However, in 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) global report on diabetes added for the first time a section on diabetes reversal and acknowledged that it could be achieved through a number of therapeutic approaches. Many studies indicate that diabetes reversal, and possibly even long-term remission, is achievable, belying the conventional view. However, T2DM reversal is not yet a standardized area of practice and some questions remain about long-term outcomes. Diabetes reversal through diet is not articulated or discussed as a first-line target (or even goal) of treatment by any internationally recognized guidelines, which are mostly silent on the topic beyond encouraging lifestyle interventions in general. This review paper examines all the sustainable, practical, and scalable approaches to T2DM reversal, highlighting the evidence base, and serves as an interim update for practitioners looking to fill the practical knowledge gap on this topic in conventional diabetes guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shibib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mo Al-Qaisi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Nott
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Pelling
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Greenwald
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Guess
- School of Life Sciences, Westminster University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Friesen M, Khalil AS, Barrasa MI, Jeppesen JF, Mooney DJ, Jaenisch R. Development of a physiological insulin resistance model in human stem cell-derived adipocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7298. [PMID: 35714187 PMCID: PMC9205586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are key regulators of human metabolism, and their dysfunction in insulin signaling is central to metabolic diseases including type II diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the progression of insulin resistance into T2D is still poorly understood. This limited understanding is due, in part, to the dearth of suitable models of insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Traditionally, adipocyte models fail to recapitulate in vivo insulin signaling, possibly due to exposure to supraphysiological nutrient and hormone conditions. We developed a protocol for human pluripotent stem cell-derived adipocytes that uses physiological nutrient conditions to produce a potent insulin response comparable to in vivo adipocytes. After systematic optimization, this protocol allows robust insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and transcriptional insulin response. Furthermore, exposure of sensitized adipocytes to physiological hyperinsulinemia dampens insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and dysregulates insulin-responsive transcription. Overall, our methodology provides a novel platform for the mechanistic study of insulin signaling and resistance using human pluripotent stem cell-derived adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Friesen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew S. Khalil
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - David J. Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|