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Saintila J, Ruiz Mamani PG, Ramos-Vera C, Serpa-Barrientos A, Oblitas-Guerrero SM, Lizarraga-De-Maguiña IG, Calizaya-Milla YE. Intake of foods high in saturated fats, vegetarian dietary pattern, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with body weight in Peruvian university students. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1361091. [PMID: 38571749 PMCID: PMC10987770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1361091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity continues to increase among university students and the general population. Consumption of a diet high in saturated fats could be one of the risk factors. Objective The consumption of foods high in saturated fats, the vegetarian diet pattern, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with excess body weight (overweight/obesity) were evaluated in Peruvian university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out selecting 5,608 Peruvian university students through no probabilistic convenience sampling. The survey was carried out during the months of February and April 2022. The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between diet (saturated fats intake and dietary pattern) and sociodemographic factors with excess body weight in a cross-sectional analysis. Results It was observed that students who reported high consumption of foods high in saturated fats (ORB = 1.14) and those who had a non-vegetarian dietary pattern (ORB = 2.76) were found to be more likely to have excess body weight. On the contrary, students who reported adherence to the vegetarian diet pattern for more than 5 years were less likely to be overweight or obese (ORB = 0.84). Being ≥26 years of age (ORB = 3.28), living in urban areas (ORB = 1.68) and coastal areas of the country (ORB = 1.17), and enrolled in the engineering faculty (ORB = 1.19), were significantly associated with excess body weight. Conclusion The findings of the current study evidenced several factors associated with excess body weight in university students. Therefore, it is necessary to promote and implement healthy lifestyle programs, considering sociodemographic and dietary aspects such as age and dietary intake to control and prevent obesity in university students.
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Llamosas-Falcón L, Rehm J, Bright S, Buckley C, Carr T, Kilian C, Lasserre AM, Lemp JM, Zhu Y, Probst C. The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption, BMI, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2076-2083. [PMID: 37890103 PMCID: PMC10620538 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate alcohol use may be associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous reviews have reached mixed conclusions. PURPOSE To quantify the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and T2DM, accounting for differential effects by sex and BMI. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and one secondary data source. STUDY SELECTION Cohort studies on the relationship between alcohol use and T2DM. DATA EXTRACTION Fifty-five studies, and one secondary data source, were included with a combined sample size of 1,363,355 men and 1,290,628 women, with 89,983 and 57,974 individuals, respectively, diagnosed with T2DM. DATA SYNTHESIS Multivariate dose-response meta-analytic random-effect models were used. For women, a J-shaped relationship was found with a maximum risk reduction of 31% (relative risk [RR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.64-0.74) at an intake of 16 g of pure alcohol per day compared with lifetime abstainers. The protective association ceased above 49 g per day (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.99). For men, no statistically significant relationship was identified. When results were stratified by BMI, the protective association was only found in overweight and obese women. LIMITATIONS Our analysis relied on aggregate data. We included some articles that determined exposure and cases via self-report, and the studies did not account for temporal variations in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The observed reduced risk seems to be specific to women in general and women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Our findings allow for a more precise prediction of the sex-specific relationship between T2DM and alcohol use, as our results differ from those of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llamosas-Falcón
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Bright
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K
| | - Tessa Carr
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolin Kilian
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aurélie M. Lasserre
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia M. Lemp
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yachen Zhu
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Catto JWF, Rogers Z, Downing A, Mason SJ, Jubber I, Bottomley S, Conner M, Absolom K, Glaser A. Lifestyle Factors in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Contemporary Picture of Tobacco Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, Body Mass Index, and Levels of Physical Activity. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:974-982. [PMID: 37080801 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about contemporary lifestyle choices in patients with bladder cancer (BC). These choices include carcinogenic risk factors and could affect fitness to receive treatments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contemporary lifestyle choices in BC patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Self-reported surveys from participants diagnosed with BC in the previous 10 yr captured smoking patterns, e-cigarette use, physical activity using the GODIN Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, long-term conditions (LTCs), relationship status, sociodemographics, and body mass index (BMI; height and weight). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Findings were compared with the general population and men with prostate cancer. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Completed surveys were received from 2092 participants. Most respondents were ex-smokers (61% vs 10% current vs 29% never). The use of e-cigarettes was uncommon (9%) and at lower rates than the age-equivalent general population. Passive smoke exposure was frequent (48%). Most participants (68%) were "insufficiently active" using the GODIN criteria and less physically active than the age-equivalent general population. Most respondents (44%) were classified as overweight (BMI 25-29.99) or obese (22%, BMI >30). Lifestyle factors varied with age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, and LTCs. Younger participants were less likely to smoke (p < 0.001), more likely to have used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001), but more likely to have had passive smoke exposure (p = 0.008). Those from less affluent areas were more likely to smoke (p < 0.001), have used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001), and have had passive smoke exposure (p = 0.02). Females were less likely to be smokers (p < 0.001) but more likely to have been exposed to passive smoke (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Persons affected by BC often have smoking exposures and high BMI, and are insufficiently active. Rates of e-cigarette use were lower than in the general population. Efforts to improve quality of life in this cohort should include wider advocation of smoking cessation, perhaps including the use of e-cigarettes, and programmes to increase exercise and reduce BMI. PATIENT SUMMARY We looked at the lifestyle choices, such as smoking, e-cigarette use, physical activity levels, and obesity, of patients following a bladder cancer diagnosis. We conclude that this population would benefit from healthy lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Zoe Rogers
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Amy Downing
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Samantha J Mason
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Bottomley
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate Absolom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adam Glaser
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Soldato D, Arecco L, Agostinetto E, Franzoi MA, Mariamidze E, Begijanashvili S, Brunetti N, Spinaci S, Solinas C, Vaz-Luis I, Di Meglio A, Lambertini M. The Future of Breast Cancer Research in the Survivorship Field. Oncol Ther 2023; 11:199-229. [PMID: 37005952 PMCID: PMC10260743 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of survivors of breast cancer has been steadily increasing in the last 20 years. Currently, more than 90% of women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer are expected to be alive at 5 years from diagnosis thanks to early detection and breakthrough innovations in multimodal treatment strategies. Alongside this advancement in clinical outcomes, survivors of breast cancer might experience several specific challenges and present with unique needs. Survivorship trajectories after diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can be significantly impacted by long-lasting and severe treatment-related side effects, including physical problems, psychological distress, fertility issues in young women, and impaired social and work reintegration, which add up to patients' individual risk of cancer recurrence and second primary malignancies. Alongside cancer-specific sequelae, survivors still present with general health needs, including management of chronic preexisting or ensuing conditions. Survivorship care should implement high-quality, evidence-based strategies to promptly screen, identify, and address survivors' needs in a comprehensive way and minimize the impact of severe treatment sequelae, preexisting comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyles, and risk of recurrence on quality of life. This narrative review focuses on core areas of survivorship care and discuss the state of the art and future research perspectives in key domains including selected long-term side effects, surveillance for recurrences and second cancers, well-being promotion, and specific survivors' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Soldato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unit 981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Breast Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Arecco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Agostinetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M A Franzoi
- Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unit 981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Breast Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - E Mariamidze
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S Begijanashvili
- Department of Clinical Oncology, American Hospital Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Brunetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Spinaci
- Division of Breast Surgery, Villa Scassi Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, Policlinico Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Italy
| | - I Vaz-Luis
- Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unit 981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Breast Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Di Meglio
- Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unit 981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Breast Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Sadeghi T, Soltani N, Jamali Z, Ayoobi F, Khalili P, Shamsizadeh A, Nasirzadeh M, Esmaeili-Nadimi A, Vecchia CL, Jalali Z. The prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in South-eastern of Iran: a cross-sectional study based on Rafsanjan cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:861. [PMID: 37170238 PMCID: PMC10176792 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a major health issue in both high and middle-income countries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Risk of obesity is related to both unchangeable factors such as genetics and gender, and modifiable lifestyle factors. Most importantly, finding the major modifiable lifestyle factors which contribute to obesity may provide valuable benefits to every society. This study aimed to determine the association of demographic and lifestyle parameters with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in a population of Iranian adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, adult participants of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) (as one of the district areas of the PERSIAN cohort (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) included the study population. RCS is a population-based prospective cohort of men and women aged 35-70 years, launched in August 2015. Individuals were recruited from four urban and suburban areas of Rafsanjan, south-eastern of Iran. Trained experts interviewed each participant and completed the related questionnaires about his/her socioeconomic status, demography, anthropometric features, personal habits, physical activity and medical history. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between overweight/obesity/abdominal obesity and associated factors. RESULTS From 9980 participants, 1974 (42.42%) males and 2115 (39.70%) females were overweight, 784 (16.85%) males, 2223 (41.73%) females were obese and 1895 (40.73%) males and 989 (18.57%) females were normal weight. Also, 832 (17.9%) males and 4548 (85.4%) females had abdominal obesity and 3819 (82.1%) males and 778 (14.6%) females didn't have abdominal obesity. Based on the adjusted multiple logistic regression, overweight/obesity (BMI > 25) was associated with age > 45, female gender, education ≥ 13 years, heavy physical activity, wealth status index (WSI), alcohol consumption, current cigarette smoking and opium consumption compared to reference group. Also, odds of abdominal obesity displayed a significant association with age > 45, female gender, education > 5 years, physical activity, WSI, current cigarette smoking, alcohol and opium consumption compared to reference group. CONCLUSIONS Our results recommend local public health strategies that promote training the society on the health benefits of avoiding alcohol, getting more physical exercise and gaining more personal education on the health-threatening lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabandeh Sadeghi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Narjes Soltani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Nasirzadeh
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili-Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University Degli Study Di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Zahra Jalali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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St-Segment Yüksekliği Olan Akut Koroner Sendromlu Hastalarda Bel Çevresinin Mortalite ve Morbidite Üzerine Etkisi. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1084283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, there are also studies showing that increased body mass index is unexpectedly protective in myocardial infarction. More studies are needed to elucidate this situation, known as the obesity paradox. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between waist circumference and mortality and morbidity in acute ST elevated myocardial infarct (STEMI).
Material and Method: This is a prospective and observational study. Patients diagnosed with STEMI on electrocardiography (ECG) were included in the study. Immediately after the exhalation, waist circumference (WC) was measured on a horizontal plane at a point equidistant from the lowest floating rib and the upper border of the iliac crest. The role of waist circumference in the development of mortality and major cardiac events within 1 month was evaluated.
Results: A total of 106 patients admitted to the emergency department with STEMI were included in the study. While increased waist circumference was associated with mortality, it was insignificant in terms of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) development. Low BMI is significant in terms of decreased mortality and MACE.
Conclusions: The use of WC as an indicator of body fat ratio rather than weight in STEMI may be more valuable in the evaluation of mortality and MACE.
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Investigation of Alcohol-Drinking Levels in the Swiss Population: Differences in Diet and Associations with Sociodemographic, Lifestyle and Anthropometric Factors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122494. [PMID: 35745224 PMCID: PMC9230148 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-drinking levels in Switzerland were investigated to identify dietary differences and explore the relationship between drinking levels and sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors using the National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2057, 18−75 years). After two 24 h dietary recalls (24HDRs), participants were categorized into four subgroups: abstainers (both self-declared alcohol avoidance and no alcohol reported); no alcohol reported; moderate drinkers (women/men < 12 g/<24 g mean daily alcohol, respectively); and heavy drinkers (women/men > 12 g/>24 g mean daily alcohol, respectively). Differences in diet between these groups were described by comparing daily total energy and non-alcohol energy intake, macronutrient energy contribution, food group intake, and diet quality (Alternate Healthy Eating Index excluding alcohol). The sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors that determine alcohol-drinking levels were investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Abstainers reported the lowest daily energy intake (total and non-alcohol), heavy drinkers had the highest total energy intake and the lowest diet quality, and moderate drinkers had the highest non-alcohol energy intake. Sex, age, language region, body mass index, household size, smoking status, self-reported health status and following a diet were significantly associated with different alcohol-drinking subgroups. Results could facilitate interventions that target subgroups who exceed safe alcohol-drinking levels and lead unfavorable lifestyles.
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Varaksin AN, Konstantinova ED, Maslakova TA, Shalaumova YV, Nasybullina GM. An Analysis of the Links between Smoking and BMI in Adolescents: A Moving Average Approach to Establishing the Statistical Relationship between Quantitative and Dichotomous Variables. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020220. [PMID: 35204940 PMCID: PMC8869795 DOI: 10.3390/children9020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on BMI in male adolescents and explore the relationship between smoking status and diet. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study into the health and diet of adolescents was carried out based on a representative sample of 375 vocational school male students aged 16–17 in the city of Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation). The students and their parents filled out verified questionnaires on their socioeconomic status, diet, and smoking status. Students’ height and body weight were measured. A comparative analysis of diets was performed between groups of smokers and non-smokers (149 and 226 individuals, respectively), and the relationship between smoking, body mass index, and actual diet was estimated. The methods used included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, comparison of proportions, and moving average. Results: Non-smoking adolescent boys tended to have excess body mass compared with smokers (19.0% and 12.1%, respectively). Smokers (adolescent boys) consumed less meat, cereals, beans, and cheeses and more sweet beverages, added sugar, coffee, and alcohol. The bulk of the smokers’ diet was composed of carbohydrates (p = 0.026) and, to a lesser extent, proteins (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences were discovered in the diet between smokers and non-smokers (among adolescent boys), and smoking was associated with several indicators of unhealthy diet patterns. This is an important conclusion for developing a future program that could additionally protect at-risk groups of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly N. Varaksin
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.N.V.); (T.A.M.); (Y.V.S.)
| | - Ekaterina D. Konstantinova
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.N.V.); (T.A.M.); (Y.V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana A. Maslakova
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.N.V.); (T.A.M.); (Y.V.S.)
| | - Yulia V. Shalaumova
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.N.V.); (T.A.M.); (Y.V.S.)
| | - Galia M. Nasybullina
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
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The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. CJC Open 2021; 3:1238-1248. [PMID: 34888506 PMCID: PMC8636244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The effects of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, on cardiovascular risk have been of special interest due to the increased risk of CVD in men. Although it is well established that testosterone levels decline and cardiovascular mortality increases with age, the association between testosterone and CVD remains unclear. Observational and randomized studies on the effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone have produced conflicting data, and meta-analyses have been inconclusive, suggesting significant study heterogeneity. Despite a lack of adequately powered randomized controlled trials, large observational studies in the early 2010s led to advisories on the use of testosterone replacement therapy. Similar advisories have been mandated for certain types of androgen deprivation therapy. Additional research suggests that testosterone shortens the heart-rate-corrected QT interval, improves glycemic control, induces vasodilation, is prothrombotic, and has anti-obesity effects, whereas associations with atherosclerosis and inflammation are less clear. Despite inconclusive evidence on cardiovascular risk and inconsistencies among clinical practice guidelines, millions of men continue to use testosterone replacement and androgen deprivation therapy. In addition to summarizing clinical and preclinical data, this review provides insight on potential mechanisms of action of testosterone on CVD, applications of this knowledge to clinical settings, and avenues for future research.
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Viñuela A, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Aceituno-Gómez J, Durantez-Fernández C, Martín-Conty JL, Martín-Rodríguez F, Cano Martín LM, Maestre Miquel C, Polonio-López B, Mohedano-Moriano A. How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live in Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121638. [PMID: 34946364 PMCID: PMC8700919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney, chi-square, Student’s t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Viñuela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan José Criado-Álvarez
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Real Fábrica de las Sedas, s/n, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Javier Aceituno-Gómez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
- Management of Integrated Attention of Talavera de la Reina, SESCAM, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - José Luis Martín-Conty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Center for Advanced Clinical Simulation, Advanced Life Support Unit, Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - Clara Maestre Miquel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Begoña Polonio-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Alicia Mohedano-Moriano
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Real Fábrica de las Sedas, s/n, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.)
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11
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Petersen JD, Siersma V, Andersen MKK, Heitmann BL. Changes in leisure time physical activity unrelated to subsequent body weight changes, but body weight changes predicted future activity. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:288-298. [PMID: 34747347 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1992883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and obesity are known to be associated. We investigated whether a change in leisure time physical activities (LTPA) predicts a subsequent weight change, or vice versa.We used data from a longitudinal study among Danish adults surveyed in 1983-1984, 1987-1988, and 1993-1994. Between two sequential surveys, the change in LTPA was grouped as no change, became less or more active; the change in body weight was defined as no change, lost or gained of more than one body mass index (BMI) unit.Among 2386 adults, change in LTPA was not associated with subsequent weight change. However, a loss in body weight (BMI change < -1 unit) was associated with subsequent either becoming less [OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.03-2.15)] or borderline more active [OR = 1.37, 95% CI (0.99-1.90)]. Subgroup analyses showed particularity among females that a loss in body weight was associated with subsequent becoming more active [OR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.15-2.89)].Our results suggest that change in LTPA is unrelated to subsequent weight change, but loss in body weight seems related to subsequent more active among female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ding Petersen
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Effect of Gut Microbial Enterotypes on the Association between Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake and Insulin Resistance Markers in Mexican Children and Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113892. [PMID: 34836148 PMCID: PMC8625328 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is a major substrate for the gut microbiota that contributes to metabolic health. Recent studies have shown that diet–metabolic phenotype effect might be related to individual gut microbial profiles or enterotypes. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether microbial enterotypes modify the association between DF intake and metabolic traits. This cross-sectional study included 204 children (6–12 years old) and 75 adults (18–60 years old). Habitual DF intake was estimated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire and biochemical, clinical and anthropometric data were obtained. Gut microbiota was assessed through 16S sequencing and participants were stratified by enterotypes. Correlations adjusting for age and sex were performed to test the associations between dietary fiber components intake and metabolic traits. In children and adults from the Prevotella enterotype, a nominal negative correlation of hemicellulose intake with insulin and HOMA-IR levels was observed (p < 0.05), while in individuals of the other enterotypes, these associations were not observed. Interestingly, the latter effect was not related to the fecal short-chain-fatty acids profile. Our results contribute to understanding the enterotype influence on the diet–phenotype interaction, which ultimate could provide evidence for their use as potential biomarkers for future precision nutrition strategies.
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13
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Daneshzad E, Askari M, Moradi M, Ghorabi S, Rouzitalab T, Heshmati J, Azadbakht L. Red meat, overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:66-74. [PMID: 34620372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to review and perform a meta-analysis summarizing the available evidence on the association between red meat consumption and obesity. METHODS A computerized search strategy was performed up to Feb 9, 2020. PubMed, Scopus, and web of science were used to conduct a comprehensive search for all relevant publications. The quality of the included articles was determined by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was conducted for analysis of the included cross-sectional studies. In the case of significant heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of inter-study heterogeneity. RESULTS In the overall pooled estimate of 3 studies, it was shown that red meat consumption was not associated with overweight (pooled effect size: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.97-1.46, p = 0.099). The results from combining 7 studies showed a non-significant association between red meat intake and obesity (pooled effect size: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.93-1.44, p = 0.199) with significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 87.3%, pheterogeneity < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, results extend the evidence that red meat consumption was not associated with the risk of overweight as well as no association between total meat consumption and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Ghorabi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Rouzitalab
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Lockie RG, Rodas KA, Dawes JJ, Dulla JM, Orr RM, Moreno MR. How Does Time Spent Working in Custody Influence Health and Fitness Characteristics of Law Enforcement Officers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9297. [PMID: 34501887 PMCID: PMC8431568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of time spent working in custody on the health and fitness of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 48 male and 12 female LEOs, divided into groups based upon time spent working custody: LEO ≤ 24 (≤24 months; n = 15); LEO 2547 (25-47 months; n = 24); and LEO 48+ (≥48 months; n = 21). The following were measured: body mass index (BMI); fat mass percentage; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); resting heart rate (RHR); blood pressure; grip strength; sit-and-reach; push-ups; sit-ups; and YMCA step test recovery heart rate (HR). A univariate ANCOVA (controlling for sex and age) with Bonferroni post hoc determined significant between-group differences. Select assessments were compared to normative data. The LEO 48+ group completed fewer sit-ups than the LEO 2547 group (p = 0.006); there were no other significant between-group differences. Forty-nine LEOs were overweight or obese according to BMI; 52 were fatter than average or above; 27 had a WHR that increased cardiovascular disease risk. Forty-three LEOs had very poor RHR; 52 had elevated blood pressure. Forty-eight LEOs had average-to-very poor step test recovery HR. Irrespective of time spent working in custody, personnel should be physically active to maintain health and fitness and, where possible, engage in formal strength training and conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA; (K.A.R.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Karly A. Rodas
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA; (K.A.R.); (M.R.M.)
| | - J. Jay Dawes
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Dulla
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia; (J.M.D.); (R.M.O.)
| | - Robin M. Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia; (J.M.D.); (R.M.O.)
| | - Matthew R. Moreno
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA; (K.A.R.); (M.R.M.)
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15
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Golzarand M, Salari-Moghaddam A, Mirmiran P. Association between alcohol intake and overweight and obesity: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 127 observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8078-8098. [PMID: 33998940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol intake and overweight/obesity; however, the reported results are inconsistent. Therefore, the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was designed to investigate the association between alcohol intake and general and abdominal obesity among the adults. Literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to pool effect size. To conduct dose-response meta-analysis, amount of alcohol intake was classified into three categories including light (<14 g/d), moderate (14-28 g/d), and heavy (>28 g/d). In the present study, 127 eligible studies were included. In cohort studies, there was no significant association between alcohol drinking and risk of overweight (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.89), obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.37), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.58), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.41). In cross-sectional studies, alcohol intake was associated with the increased odds of overweight (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.18), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.37), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.29); but not obesity (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.12). Results of dose-response analysis indicated that heavy alcohol drinking was positively associated with odds of overweight (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.24), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.51), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.38) compared to non- or light alcohol drinking. There was no publication bias among studied on outcomes of interest. In conclusion, our results revealed alcohol drinkers, especially heavy alcohol drinkers, had increased odds of overweight, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity than non-alcohol drinker or light alcohol drinkers among cross-sectional studies but not cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Subjective Daily Physical Activity Measures in Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:450-460. [PMID: 33668019 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of daily physical activity (DPA) is important for the prognosis and quantifying clinical outcomes in individuals with heart disease. The measurement of DPA is more feasible using subjective measures when compared with objective measures. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to identify the subjective measures of DPA that have established reliability and validity in individuals with heart disease to assist clinician and researcher instrument selection. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases was performed. Methodological rigor was assessed using 3 different quality appraisal tools. Qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. RESULTS Twenty-two unique studies covering 19 subjective DPA measures were ultimately included. Methodological rigor was generally fair, and validity coefficients were moderate at best. CONCLUSIONS Only 4 subjective measures that have established test-retest reliability and that provide an estimate of energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, or minutes of DPA were compared against accelerometry or a DPA diary in patients with heart disease: SWISS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Total Activity Measure 1 and 2, and Mobile Physical Activity Logger. Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.
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17
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Lounassalo I, Hirvensalo M, Palomäki S, Salin K, Tolvanen A, Pahkala K, Rovio S, Fogelholm M, Yang X, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Tammelin TH. Life-course leisure-time physical activity trajectories in relation to health-related behaviors in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 33740917 PMCID: PMC7977567 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence on whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) facilitates individuals’ adoption of multiple healthy behaviors remains scarce. This study investigated the associations of diverse longitudinal LTPA trajectories from childhood to adulthood with diet, screen time, smoking, binge drinking, sleep difficulties, and sleep duration in adulthood. Methods Data were drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Participants were aged 9–18 years (N = 3553; 51% females) in 1980 and 33–49 years at the latest follow-up in 2011. The LTPA trajectories were identified using a latent profile analysis. Differences in self-reported health-related behaviors across the LTPA trajectories were studied separately for women and men by using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars approach. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, education level, marital status, total energy intake and previous corresponding behaviors. Results Persistently active, persistently low-active, decreasingly and increasingly active trajectories were identified in both genders and an additional inactive trajectory for women. After adjusting the models with the above-mentioned covariates, the inactive women had an unhealthier diet than the women in the other trajectories (p < 0.01; effect size (ES) > 0.50). The low-active men followed an unhealthier diet than the persistently and increasingly active men (p < 0.01; ES > 0.50). Compared to their inactive and low-active peers, smoking frequency was lower in the increasingly active women and men (p < 0.01; ES > 0.20) and persistently active men (p < 0.05; ES > 0.20). The increasingly active men reported lower screen time than the low-active (p < 0.001; ES > 0.50) and persistently active (p < 0.05; ES > 0.20) men. The increasingly and persistently active women reported fewer sleep difficulties than the inactive (p < 0.001; ES > 0.80) and low-active (p < 0.05; ES > 0.50 and > 0.80, respectively) women. Sleep duration and binge drinking were not associated with the LTPA trajectories in either gender, nor were sleep difficulties in men and screen time in women. Conclusions Not only persistently higher LTPA but also an increasing tendency to engage in LTPA after childhood/adolescence were associated with healthier diet and lower smoking frequency in both genders, having less sleep difficulties in women and lower screen time in increasingly active men. Inactivity and low activity were associated with the accumulation of several unhealthy behaviors in adulthood. Associations were stronger in women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10554-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinja Lounassalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Palomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.
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Pan D, Wang S, Su M, Wei J, Wang K, Luo P, Smith JD, Ma G, Sun G. Roles of drinking and diet in the U-shaped relationship between smoking and BMI in middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17118. [PMID: 33051586 PMCID: PMC7555487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and BMI, from the perspective of the roles of alcohol drinking and dietary factors in a rural population. We analysed cross-sectional data from 10,837 middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults who completed a questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and detailed smoking and drinking status. Results showed that current smokers had lower BMI and consumed foods less frequently (except coriander, onion, garlic, hawthorn and fermented bean curd) than non-smokers. The relationship between smoking amount and the risk of overweight or obesity was U-shaped, and the trends were also similar by stratum of baseline age groups (all p for interaction < 0.001). Heavy smokers tended to have drinking habits, which was associated with increased BMI (all p for trend < 0.001). Additionally, despite the lower risk of overweight or obesity for current smokers, normal weight individuals were found to have the minimum smoking amount. In conclusion, smoking may cause suppression of appetite but smokers tend to have other unhealthy habits relating to increased BMI. Dietary factors and alcohol use play important roles in the U-shaped relationship between smoking behaviours and BMI in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Su
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Gege Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Vandoros S. Excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic: Early evidence from England and Wales. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113101. [PMID: 32521411 PMCID: PMC7836531 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has claimed many lives in the UK and globally. The objective of this paper is to study whether the number of deaths not registered as Covid-19-related has increased compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the pandemic. Reasons behind this might include Covid-19 underreporting, avoiding visits to hospitals or GPs, and the effects of the lockdown. I used weekly ONS data on the number of deaths in England and Wales that did not officially involve Covid-19 over the period 2015-2020. Simply observing trends is not sufficient as spikes in deaths may occasionally occur. I thus followed a difference-in-differences econometric approach to study whether there was a relative increase in deaths not registered as Covid-19-related during the pandemic, compared to a control. Results suggest that there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that officially did not involve Covid-19, compared to what would have otherwise been expected. It is possible that some people are dying from Covid-19 without being diagnosed, and/or that there are excess deaths due to other causes as a result of the pandemic. Analysing the cause of death for any excess non-covid-19 deaths will shed light upon the reasons for the increase in such deaths and will help design appropriate policy responses to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Vandoros
- King's College London, Bush House, 30 Aldwych, WC2B 4BG, London, United Kingdom; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Schmitt RE, Messick MR, Shell BC, Dunbar EK, Fang H, Shelton KL, Venton BJ, Pletcher SD, Grotewiel M. Dietary yeast influences ethanol sedation in Drosophila via serotonergic neuron function. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12779. [PMID: 31169340 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abuse of alcohol is a major clinical problem with far-reaching health consequences. Understanding the environmental and genetic factors that contribute to alcohol-related behaviors is a potential gateway for developing novel therapeutic approaches for patients that abuse the drug. To this end, we have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model to investigate the effect of diet, an environmental factor, on ethanol sedation. Providing flies with diets high in yeast, a routinely used component of fly media, increased their resistance to ethanol sedation. The yeast-induced resistance to ethanol sedation occurred in several different genetic backgrounds, was observed in males and females, was elicited by yeast from different sources, was readily reversible, and was associated with increased nutrient intake as well as decreased internal ethanol levels. Inhibition of serotonergic neuron function using multiple independent genetic manipulations blocked the effect of yeast supplementation on ethanol sedation, nutrient intake, and internal ethanol levels. Our results demonstrate that yeast is a critical dietary component that influences ethanol sedation in flies and that serotonergic signaling is required for the effect of dietary yeast on nutrient intake, ethanol uptake/elimination, and ethanol sedation. Our studies establish the fly as a model for diet-induced changes in ethanol sedation and raise the possibility that serotonin might mediate the effect of diet on alcohol-related behavior in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Schmitt
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Monica R. Messick
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Brandon C. Shell
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Ellyn K. Dunbar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Huai‐Fang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Keith L. Shelton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mike Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Richmond VA USA
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22
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Flor-Alemany M, Marín-Jiménez N, Nestares T, Borges-Cosic M, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Mediterranean diet, tobacco consumption and body composition during perimenopause. The FLAMENCO project. Maturitas 2020; 137:30-36. [PMID: 32498934 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and tobacco consumption with body composition during perimenopause. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study in 176 perimenopausal women from the FLAMENCO project. A food frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Score were assessed. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), ratio of gynecoid to total fat mass (G/T), ratio of android to gynecoid fat mass (A/G), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and waist circumference (WC). RESULTS Intake of whole-grain cereals was associated with lower WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of nuts was associated with lower BMI and FM percentage and intake of fruits with lower BMI, WC, total and android FM, FM percentage, A/G, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of pulses was associated with lower weight, BMI and android FM. Intake of whole dairy products was associated with lower weight, BMI, WC, total and android FM and VAT (all p < 0.05). Intake of olive oil was associated with lower WC and FM percentage (all p < 0.05). Intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher weight, BMI, WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and total FM (all, p < 0.05). Smokers had a lower MD adherence (p < 0.05). Finally, a greater MD adherence was associated with higher G/T (p < 0.01) and lower A/G (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A higher MD adherence, avoiding tobacco, an increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, nuts, fruits, pulses, whole dairy products and olive oil, and a lower consumption of sweetened beverages might contribute to a healthier body composition during perimenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain.
| | - N Marín-Jiménez
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - T Nestares
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Borges-Cosic
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain
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23
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López‐Bueno R, Sundstrup E, Vinstrup J, Casajús JA, Andersen LL. High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:939-946. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López‐Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonas Vinstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - José A. Casajús
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre about Nutrition and Obesity Physiopathology (CIBER‐OBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
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24
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Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of retirement on healthy eating using data drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We estimate the causal effect of retiring from work on daily fruit or vegetable consumption by exploiting policy changes in eligibility rules for early and statutory retirement. Our results show that changes in eating behaviour upon retirement are gender-specific: retirement induces men to reduce healthy eating; it has no effect on women. We further show that, for men, retirement increases the probability of becoming obese.
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25
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Kamath KS, V Pandit L. A Cross-sectional Study of Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index in Alcohol Dependence Individuals. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.2019.v05i03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Javanmardi M, Huang D, Dwivedi P, Khanna S, Brunisholz K, Whitaker R, Nguyen Q, Tasdizen T. Analyzing Associations Between Chronic Disease Prevalence and Neighborhood Quality Through Google Street View Images. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2019; 8:6407-6416. [PMID: 33777591 PMCID: PMC7996469 DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2960010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning and, specifically, convoltional neural networks (CNN) represent a class of powerful models that facilitate the understanding of many problems in computer vision. When combined with a reasonable amount of data, CNNs can outperform traditional models for many tasks, including image classification. In this work, we utilize these powerful tools with imagery data collected through Google Street View images to perform virtual audits of neighborhood characteristics. We further investigate different architectures for chronic disease prevalence regression through networks that are applied to sets of images rather than single images. We show quantitative results and demonstrate that our proposed architectures outperform the traditional regression approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Javanmardi
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dina Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Pallavi Dwivedi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Master's in Telecommunications Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Kim Brunisholz
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ross Whitaker
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Tolga Tasdizen
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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27
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Jitnarin N, Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Jahnke SA. Tobacco Use among Women Firefighters. Womens Health Issues 2019; 29:432-439. [PMID: 31229361 PMCID: PMC6755060 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Firefighters play a crucial role in protecting the lives and property of the communities they serve. Health and readiness for duty among women firefighters is of great concern because they are a significantly understudied group in this critical occupation. A tobacco-free fire service has been strongly promoted, but there are no published data on the extent and types of tobacco use among women firefighters. METHODS Data were collected as part of a national online study of the health of women in the fire service. RESULTS A total of 1,712 women firefighters completed questions regarding tobacco use. Unadjusted smoking and smokeless tobacco rates were 5.1% and 1.2%, respectively. Age standardized smoking rates were lower than those of male firefighters and U.S. adult women. Smokeless tobacco use prevalence was very low compared with male firefighters, but comparable with U.S. adult women. Tobacco users were more likely to have lower education and income and were younger when compared with those who did not use tobacco. There was a strong association between tobacco use and problem and binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Current findings suggest that the rates of cigarette and smokeless tobacco use are relatively low among women firefighters. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as problem and binge drinking were strongly associated with tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jitnarin
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, Institute for Biobehavioral Health Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Leawood, Kansas.
| | - Walker S C Poston
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, Institute for Biobehavioral Health Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Leawood, Kansas
| | - Christopher K Haddock
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, Institute for Biobehavioral Health Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Leawood, Kansas
| | - Sara A Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, Institute for Biobehavioral Health Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Leawood, Kansas
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28
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White GE, Richardson GA, Mair C, Courcoulas AP, King WC. Do Associations Between Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder Vary by Weight Status? Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1498-1509. [PMID: 31034607 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding whether the associations between alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) differ by weight status may be useful in screening for AUD in populations where obesity is common. We aimed to determine whether the associations between alcohol use and AUD differ by weight status. METHODS A total of 24,869 adult participants of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 who reported past-year alcohol use were included. The AUD and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 were administered to identify past-year AUD. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between weight status and levels and patterns of alcohol use with AUD; interactions between weight status and alcohol use variables in relation to AUD were examined. Analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS For males and females, the odds of AUD were higher with greater frequency of any alcohol use and heavy drinking, higher average quantity of drinks per drinking day, and past-year high-risk drinking. Among males, at the same average quantity of drinks per drinking day, frequency of heavy drinking, or presence of high-risk drinking, those with class 3 obesity had higher odds of AUD versus lower classes or no obesity (p for all interactions <0.01). Among females, at the same frequency of any alcohol use, those with healthy weight had the highest odds of AUD, while females with class 3 obesity had the lowest odds of AUD (p for interaction <0.001); interactions between weight status and other alcohol use variables were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The associations between some measures of alcohol use and AUD differed by weight status, with inconsistent results between males and females. Alcohol use thresholds typically used in AUD screening may be too high in males with class 3 obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E White
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gale A Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anita P Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy C King
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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29
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Saeed KMI. Prevalence and associated risk factors for obesity in Jalalabad city – Afghanistan. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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30
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Karyadi KA, Cyders MA. Preliminary support for the role of alcohol cues in food cravings and attentional biases. J Health Psychol 2019; 24:812-822. [PMID: 28810379 PMCID: PMC6115302 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316685898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether alcohol odors, in isolation or when combined with pictures, would influence food attentional biases and cravings. Participants' cravings and attentional biases to food and alcohol pictures were assessed after exposure to alcohol or water odors ( n = 77; mean age = 30.84 years, 51.9% female, 83.1% Caucasian). Food attentional biases were increased by alcohol odors, but food cravings were increased only by a combination of alcohol odors and food pictures. These effects were related with self-reported problematic food consumption. These findings support a research program for further examining the effect of alcohol cues on problematic food consumption.
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31
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Ishikawa S, Konta T, Susa S, Ishizawa K, Togashi H, Ueno Y, Kubota I, Yamashita H, Kayama T, Iino M. Fewer teeth are a risk factor for being underweight in community-dwelling Japanese aged 40 years and older: The Yamagata (Takahata) Study. Int J Dent Hyg 2018; 17:244-252. [PMID: 30431235 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate comprehensively, the risk factors for underweight in cross-sectional study in the general population of Japan. METHODS The survey population was the general population of individuals aged >40 years in Takahata town, Japan in 2005. A postal survey in the form of a self-administered questionnaire was distributed, and 6084 individuals were entered into the final statistical analysis. The self-administered questionnaire contained items regarding lifestyle, oral health status, socio-economic status and dietary intake. To examine the independent relationships between an underweight status and several parameters, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS The number of teeth, age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, spousal status, smoking habit, appetite, body weight at 20 years of age, habit of going out and physical activity were independently associated with an underweight status compared with the normal weight group. Individuals with fewer than 10 teeth were especially more likely to be underweight than individuals with more than 20 teeth (OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.261-3.035). CONCLUSION This study showed an independent association between the number of teeth and an underweight status, indicating that fewer teeth can increase the risk of being underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinji Susa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Togashi
- Yamagata University Health Administration Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Isao Kubota
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamashita
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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32
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Kerr WC, Ye Y, Williams E, Lui CK, Greenfield TK, Lown EA. Lifetime Alcohol Use Patterns and Risk of Diabetes Onset in the National Alcohol Survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:262-269. [PMID: 30422306 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the role of alcohol use in diabetes risk have rarely included lifetime alcohol use measures, including the frequency of heavy occasions, or evaluated risks among Black or Hispanic respondents in US samples. METHODS Data from the 2014 to 2015 National Alcohol Survey of the U.S. population were used to estimate diabetes risk from drinking patterns at the time of onset in Cox proportional hazards models in a retrospective cohort design. Models for the population, males and females, and for White, Black, and Hispanic respondents of both genders were estimated using 2 versions of drinking pattern groupings at each age. RESULTS While a number of significant results were found with the first version of the drinking measures, we focus on those confirmed with measures from responses strictly prior to the age of risk estimation. Compared to the lifetime abstainer group, the "drinking at least weekly with less than monthly 5+" group had a significantly lower hazard ratio (HR) for the total sample (HR = 0.64) and among Whites (HR = 0.42). Significantly reduced risks were found in the same models for those who drank 5+ at least monthly but not weekly. No significantly elevated risks were found for either current or prior heavy occasion drinking. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with some prior studies in finding reduced risks for regular light-to-moderate drinkers, but not consistent with findings from other studies showing increased risk from heavy occasion drinking, particularly among women. New and larger studies with well-defined drinking pattern measures are needed, particularly for U.S. Blacks and Hispanics, to address varying results in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group , Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group , Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Edwina Williams
- Alcohol Research Group , Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Camillia K Lui
- Alcohol Research Group , Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | | | - E Anne Lown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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33
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Examining Associations between Body Mass Index in 18⁻25 Year-Olds and Energy Intake from Alcohol: Findings from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101477. [PMID: 30309046 PMCID: PMC6213174 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the relationship between alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) is mixed, particularly for young adults. This study explored the relationship between energy obtained from alcoholic beverages and BMI using data for 18–25 year-olds (n = 7691) from pooled cross-sections of the 2008–2014 Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey. Energy obtained from alcoholic beverages (excluding mixers) on the heaviest drinking day in the past week was expressed as percentage of total recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of energy (% RDA Energy). Linear regressions were estimated of BMI on alcohol intake categories controlling for intake frequency, physical activity, longstanding illness and other covariates, with separate analyses for men and women, and by beverage type. Significant associations with BMI were observed with the ‘Very High’ category of alcohol intake (>75% RDA Energy) for men (p < 0.001, 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98, 2.49) and with the “High” (>50% to 75% RDA Energy) (p < 0.001, 1.67, 95% CI 0.26, 2.58) and above category for women, when compared with the Low (>0–25% RDA Energy) category. Young adults drinking the highest levels of alcohol on a single occasion were more likely to be obese than those with the lowest intake. Interventions to address internationally rising youth obesity rates should also consider reducing alcohol consumption by increasing alcohol prices, and reducing availability and marketing exposure.
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34
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Paulsen J, Askim Å, Mohus RM, Mehl A, Dewan A, Solligård E, Damås JK, Åsvold BO. Associations of obesity and lifestyle with the risk and mortality of bloodstream infection in a general population: a 15-year follow-up of 64 027 individuals in the HUNT Study. Int J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 28637260 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) cause considerable morbidity and mortality, and primary prevention should be a priority. Lifestyle factors are of particular interest since they represent a modifiable target. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HUNT2 Survey, where 64 027 participants were followed from 1995-97 through 2011 by linkage to prospectively recorded information on BSI at local and regional hospitals. The exposures were: baseline body mass index (BMI) measurements; and self-reported smoking habits, leisure time physical activity and alcohol intake. The outcomes were hazard ratios (HR) of BSI and BSI mortality. Results During 810 453 person-years and median follow-up of 14.8 years, 1844 (2.9%) participants experienced at least one BSI and 396 (0.62%) died from BSI. Compared with normal weight participants (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), the age- and sex-adjusted risk of a first-time BSI was 31% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-51%] higher at BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, 87% (95% CI 50-135%) higher at BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2 and 210% (95% CI 117-341%) higher at BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2. The risk of BSI mortality was similarly increased. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers had 51% (95% CI 34-70%) and 75% (95% CI 34-129%) higher risks of BSI and BSI mortality, respectively. Physically inactive participants had 71% (95% CI 42-107%) and 108% (95% CI 37-216%) higher risks of BSI and BSI mortality, respectively, compared with the most physically active. Conclusions Obesity, smoking and physical inactivity carry increased risk of BSI and BSI mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Paulsen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Norway.,Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Askim
- Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi Marie Mohus
- Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Mehl
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Norway.,Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew Dewan
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erik Solligård
- Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Mid-Norway Sepsis Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Early effects of a high-caloric diet and physical exercise on brain volumetry and behavior: a combined MRI and histology study in mice. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1385-1396. [PMID: 27734300 PMCID: PMC5653704 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive intake of high-caloric diets as well as subsequent development of obesity and diabetes mellitus may exert a wide range of unfavorable effects on the central nervous system (CNS) in the long-term. The potentially harmful effects of such diets were suggested to be mitigated by physical exercise. Here, we conducted a study investigating early effects of a cafeteria-diet on gray and white brain matter volume by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Half of the mice performed voluntary wheel running to study if regular physical exercise prevents unfavorable effects of a cafeteria-diet. In addition, histological analyses for myelination and neurogenesis were performed. As expected, wheel running resulted in a significant increase of gray matter volume in the CA1-3 areas, the dentate gyrus and stratum granulosum of the hippocampus in the VBM analysis, while a positive effect of the cafeteria-diet was shown for the whole hippocampal CA1-3 area only in the ROI analysis, indicating a regional volume effect. It was earlier found that hippocampal neurogenesis may be related to volume increases after exercise. Interestingly, while running resulted in a significant increase in neurogenesis assessed by doublecortin (DCX)-labeling, this was not true for cafeteria diet. This indicates different underlying mechanisms for gray matter increase. Moreover, animals receiving cafeteria diet only showed mild deficits in long-term memory assessed by the puzzle-box paradigm, while executive functioning and short term memory were not affected. Our data therefore highlight that high caloric diet impacts on the brain and behavior. Physical exercise seems not to interact with these mechanisms.
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Is the Association Between Obesity and Hip Osteoarthritis Surgery Explained by Familial Confounding? Epidemiology 2018; 29:414-420. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Charkiewicz AE, Jamiołkowski J, Pędziński B, Krzyżak M, Maślach D, Szpak A, Omeljaniuk WJ. Changes in Dietary Patterns and the Nutritional Status in Men in the Metallurgical Industry in Poland Over A 21-Year Period. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018; 72:161-171. [PMID: 29466796 DOI: 10.1159/000485389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The study was carried out to evaluate the changes in the eating habits and lipid parameters in a 21-year follow-up on a group of 435 men living in Poland. METHODS The studied population was composed of the same subjects: a group of men who were first studied in the years 1987-1989 and in 2008-2010. The following data was gathered: body mass, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentration in blood serum. RESULTS The changes in the eating habits among the studied men registered throughout the 21-year period were positive since they showed a reduction in the caloric content of their diet (p < 0.001), lower total fat content (p < 0.001), total amount of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), sucrose (p < 0.001), iron (p < 0.001), and featured more vitamins: A (p < 0.002), B1 (p < 0.001), and C (p < 0.001). An adverse trend was observed in terms of constant calcium shortages in their food portions (ns). A 21-year follow-up of the studied group showed significant differences in terms of weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), and all cholesterol fractions (p < 0.001) in their blood serum, except cholesterol alone (ns). CONCLUSION It is important to continue observing the dietary trends in the studied group, with the focus on the occurrence of potential changes in their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Jamiołkowski
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pędziński
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Lomza Medical Center Ltd., Łomża, Poland
| | - Michalina Krzyżak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Maślach
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szpak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Insufficient Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Low- and Middle-Income Setting: A Population-Based Survey in Semi-Urban Tanzania. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020222. [PMID: 29462925 PMCID: PMC5852798 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A daily intake of 5 portions of fruit and vegetables (FV) is recommended for protection against non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Inadequate FV intake is a global problem but resource-poor countries like Tanzania are most deprived and constitute settings where little is known for informing public health interventions. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of inadequate FV intake, frequency of FV intake, portions of FV intake and their associations with socio-demographic/lifestyle factors in South-Eastern Tanzania. Data on FV dietary indicators, socio-demographic factors, smoking, alcohol and healthcare use were collected from 7953 participants (≥15 years) of the population-based MZIMA open community cohort (2012–2013). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between FV intake outcomes and their socio-demographic/lifestyle determinants. Most (82%) of the participants did not meet the recommended daily FV intake While only a fraction consumed fruits daily (15.5%), almost half consumed vegetables daily (44.2%). However, the median (IQR) number of vegetable portions consumed was lower (2(1)/person/day) than that for fruits (2(2)/person/day) People with higher education were more likely to consume fruits daily. Independent correlates of inadequate FV intake included young age, being male, low education, low-income occupations, low alcohol, high tobacco and low healthcare use. Public health interventions should target the socio-economically deprived and culturally-rooted preferences while prioritizing promotion of vegetable for most immediate gain in overall FV intake.
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First Reference Curve for Body Fat Percentage Among Schoolchildren of Babol in the North of Iran: An International Comparison. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.57595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a large volume of biologically active tissue that exerts substantial systemic effects in health and disease. Alcohol consumption can profoundly disturb the normal functions of adipose tissue by inducing adipocyte death and altering secretion of adipokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and free fatty acids from adipose tissue, which have important direct and indirect effects on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Cessation of alcohol intake quickly reverses inflammatory changes in adipose tissue, and pharmacological treatment that normalizes adipose tissue function improves experimental ALD. Obesity exacerbates liver injury induced by chronic or binge alcohol consumption, and obesity and alcohol can synergize to increase risk of ALD and progression. Physicians who care for individuals with ALD should be aware of the effects of adipose tissue dysfunction on liver function, and consider strategies to manage obesity and insulin resistance. This Review examines the effect of alcohol on adiposity and adipose tissue and the relationship between alcohol, adipose tissue and the liver.
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Assessing Physical Activity as a Core Component in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A POSITION STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY REHABILITATION. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2017; 36:217-29. [PMID: 27307067 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a well-established major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As such, physical activity counseling is 1 of the 10 core components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs recommended by the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR). In addition, the ability to perform a physical activity assessment and report outcomes is 1 of the 10 core competencies of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention professionals published by the AACVPR. Unfortunately, standardized procedures for physical activity assessment of cardiac rehabilitation patients have not been developed and published. Thus, the objective of this AACVPR statement is to provide an overview of physical activity assessment concepts and procedures and to provide a recommended approach for performing a standardized assessment of physical activity in all comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programs following the core components recommendations.
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Funderburk JS, Arigo D, Kenneson A. Initial engagement and attrition in a national weight management program: demographic and health predictors. Transl Behav Med 2017; 6:358-68. [PMID: 27528525 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-015-0335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent attendance and participant withdrawal limit the effectiveness of weight control programs, but little is known about predictors of initial and ongoing engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify these predictors with respect to the Veterans Affairs MOVE!® program, using medical record data. Logistic regression models were used to predict initial and ongoing engagement (n = 39,862 and 1985, respectively). Those who initially engaged in MOVE!® (vs. did not) were more likely to have high BMIs, to be female, live closer to the medical center, and receive health benefits from the VA; they also were less likely to use tobacco (ps < 0.02). Older veterans were more likely to continue to engage (p < 0.001), with trends toward continued engagement for those with (vs. without) benefits and higher BMIs (ps < 0.10). Findings highlight characteristics that may inform program improvements that promote ongoing engagement and prevent dropouts in a weight management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Funderburk
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - D Arigo
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - A Kenneson
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Vatanparast H, Whiting S, Hossain A, Mirhosseini N, Merchant AT, Szafron M. National pattern of grain products consumption among Canadians in association with body weight status. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:59. [PMID: 32153839 PMCID: PMC7050848 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity in Canadian adults is showing upward trends. Consumption of whole-grains is one recommendation for the prevention of obesity. Despite the apparent nutritional and energy content differences between whole and refined grains, knowledge relating refined grains to weight gain in Canadian adults is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the consumption of specific grain-based foods at the regional and national levels, and to evaluate the association between grain consumption with overweight or obesity in Canadian adults. Methods We used the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey data. The association between type of grain product consumed and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adults aged ≥19y was evaluated by logistic regression. Results The mean daily intake of whole grains (86 ± 1.9 g/day) was significantly less than refined grains (276.6 ± 3.8 g/day), which was different across provinces. After adjustment for caloric needs, male consumers showed significantly lower intake of whole grains than females. Accordingly, the incidence of overweight or obesity was higher in males than in females. Also, in comparison to whole grains, the consumption of refined grains was associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity among adults. Conclusion Canadians’ preference was refined grain products consumption, based on 2004 Health Survey, which was significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Hence, consumption of whole grains should be more effectively promoted rather than refined grain products to prevent obesity and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0183-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatanparast
- 1College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place (E3332 Health Sciences), Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Susan Whiting
- 1College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- 2University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,3Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Health Science Building, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | | | - Anwar T Merchant
- 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Michael Szafron
- 6School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada
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Relationship between abdominal obesity and alcohol drinking pattern in normal-weight, middle-aged adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013. Public Health Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28641594 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity is associated with obesity-related health risks regardless of body weight. The present study aimed to determine whether alcohol drinking pattern is associated with abdominal obesity in normal-weight, middle-aged adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using complex sampling design analyses. SETTING The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2008 to 2013. SUBJECTS Normal-weight participants aged 40-69 years with BMI of 18·5-25·0 kg/m2 (n 11 289, 4491 men and 6798 women) were included. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men or ≥85 cm for women. Alcohol drinking pattern was assessed by self-report on questionnaires. RESULTS Among 11 289 normal-weight participants, 7·9 % (n 379) of men and 7·6 % (n 609) of women had abdominal obesity. Both men and women who consumed a higher quantity of alcohol per drinking occasion had higher odds (OR; 95 % CI) for abdominal obesity compared with individuals who consumed fewer than 2 drinks (1·86; 1·04, 3·32 for ≥10 drinks/typical occasion in men; and 3·28; 1·13, 9·46 in women). Men who binge drink every day had higher odds for abdominal obesity (2·10; 1·21, 3·63). In both sexes, frequency of alcohol drinking was not associated with normal-weight abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the amount of alcohol drinking per occasion influenced abdominal obesity in normal-weight, middle-aged individuals that may have impacted obesity-related health risks. Healthy alcohol drinking habits need to be controlled for prevention of abdominal obesity even among persons with normal weight.
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Præstegaard C, Jensen A, Jensen SM, Nielsen TSS, Webb PM, Nagle CM, DeFazio A, Høgdall E, Rossing MA, Doherty JA, Wicklund KG, Goodman MT, Modugno F, Moysich K, Ness RB, Edwards R, Matsuo K, Hosono S, Goode EL, Winham SJ, Fridley BL, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A, Bandera EV, Paddock LE, Massuger LF, Wentzensen N, Pharoah P, Song H, Whittemore A, McGuire V, Sieh W, Rothstein J, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Menon U, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Pike M, Lee AW, Sutphen R, Chang-Claude J, Risch HA, Kjaer SK. Cigarette smoking is associated with adverse survival among women with ovarian cancer: Results from a pooled analysis of 19 studies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2422-2435. [PMID: 28063166 PMCID: PMC5489656 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing mucinous ovarian tumors but whether it is associated with ovarian cancer survival overall or for the different histotypes is unestablished. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the association between cigarette smoking and survival differs according to strata of ovarian cancer stage at diagnosis. In a large pooled analysis, we evaluated the association between various measures of cigarette smoking and survival among women with epithelial ovarian cancer. We obtained data from 19 case-control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), including 9,114 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted study-specific hazard ratios (HRs), which were combined into pooled hazard ratios (pHR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under random effects models. Overall, 5,149 (57%) women died during a median follow-up period of 7.0 years. Among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer, both current (pHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.28) and former smokers (pHR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18) had worse survival compared with never smoking women. In histotype-stratified analyses, associations were observed for mucinous (current smoking: pHR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01-3.65) and serous histotypes (current smoking: pHR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00-1.23; former smoking: pHR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20). Further, our results suggested that current smoking has a greater impact on survival among women with localized than disseminated disease. The identification of cigarette smoking as a modifiable factor associated with survival has potential clinical importance as a focus area to improve ovarian cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Præstegaard
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe M. Jensen
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor S. S. Nielsen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Penelope M. Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina M. Nagle
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Kristine G. Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kirsten Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lisa E. Paddock
- New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Trenton, NJ
- School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Leon F. Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Departments of Health Research & Policy and of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Departments of Population Health Science & Policy and of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Rothstein
- Departments of Population Health Science & Policy and of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research & Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Translational Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Malcolm Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alice W. Lee
- Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Polanka BM, Vrany EA, Patel J, Stewart JC. Depressive Disorder Subtypes as Predictors of Incident Obesity in US Adults: Moderation by Race/Ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:734-742. [PMID: 28369312 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the relative importance of atypical major depressive disorder (MDD), nonatypical MDD, and dysthymic disorder in predicting 3-year obesity incidence and change in body mass index and determined whether race/ethnicity moderated these relationships. We examined data from 17,787 initially nonobese adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2004-2005) who were representative of the US population. Lifetime subtypes of depressive disorders were determined using a structured interview, and obesity outcomes were computed from self-reported height and weight. Atypical MDD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 1.97; P < 0.001) and dysthymic disorder (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.12; P < 0.001) were stronger predictors of incident obesity than were nonatypical MDD (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22; P = 0.027) and no history of depressive disorder. Atypical MDD (B = 0.41 (standard error, 0.15); P = 0.007) was a stronger predictor of increases in body mass index than were dysthymic disorder (B = -0.31 (standard error, 0.21); P = 0.142), nonatypical MDD (B = 0.007 (standard error, 0.06); P = 0.911), and no history of depressive disorder. Race/ethnicity was a moderator; atypical MDD was a stronger predictor of incident obesity in Hispanics/Latinos (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.24; P < 0.001) than in non-Hispanic whites (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.91; P < 0.001) and blacks (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.26; P < 0.001). US adults with atypical MDD are at particularly high risk of weight gain and obesity, and Hispanics/Latinos may be especially vulnerable to the obesogenic consequences of depressions.
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Cassidy S, Chau JY, Catt M, Bauman A, Trenell MI. Low physical activity, high television viewing and poor sleep duration cluster in overweight and obese adults; a cross-sectional study of 398,984 participants from the UK Biobank. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:57. [PMID: 28454540 PMCID: PMC5408822 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy lifestyle is one of the greatest contributors to obesity. A number of behaviours are linked with obesity, but are often measured separately. The UK Biobank cohort of >500,000 participants allows us to explore these behaviours simultaneously. We therefore aimed to compare physical activity, television (TV) viewing and sleep duration across body mass index (BMI) categories in a large sample of UK adults. METHODS UK Biobank participants were recruited and baseline measures were taken between 2007 and 2010 and data analysis was performed in 2015. BMI was measured objectively using trained staff. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure lifestyle behaviours including the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-short form) for physical activity. During data analysis, six groups were defined based on BMI; 'Underweight' (n = 2026), 'Normal weight' (n = 132,372), 'Overweight (n = 171,030), 'Obese I' (n = 67,903), 'Obese II' (n = 18,653) and 'Obese III' (n = 7000). The odds of reporting unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (low physical activity, high TV viewing or poor sleep duration) were compared across BMI groups using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overweight and obese adults were more likely to report low levels of physical activity (≤967.5 MET.mins/wk) ('Overweight'-OR [95% CI]: 1.23 [1.20 to 1.26], 'Obese I' 1.66 [1.61-1.71], 'Obese II' 2.21 [2.12-2.30], and 'Obese III' 3.13 [2.95 to 3.23]) compared to 'Normal weight' adults. The odds of reporting high TV viewing (3 h/day) was greater in 'Overweight' (1.52 [1.48 to 1.55]) and obese adults ('Obese I' 2.06 [2.00-2.12], 'Obese II' 2.69 [2.58-2.80], 'Obese III' 3.26 [3.07 to 3.47]), and poor sleep duration (<7, >8 h/night) was higher in 'Overweight' (1.09 [1.07 to 1.12]) and obese adults ('Obese I' 1.31 [1.27-1.34], 'Obese II' 1.50 [1.44-1.56], 'Obese III' (1.78 [1.68 to 1.89]) compared to the 'Normal weight' group. These lifestyle behaviours were clustered, the odds of reporting simultaneous low physical activity, high TV viewing and poor sleep (unhealthy behavioural phenotype) was higher than reporting these behaviours independently, in overweight and obese groups. 'Obese III' adults were almost six times more likely (5.47 [4.96 to 6.05]) to report an unhealthy behavioural phenotype compared to the 'Normal weight' group. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese adults report low levels of physical activity, high TV viewing and poor sleep duration. These behaviours seem to cluster and collectively expose individuals to greater risk of obesity. Multiple lifestyle behaviours should be targeted in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cassidy
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Josephine Y. Chau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Level 6 The Hub, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Michael Catt
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Level 6 The Hub, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Michael I. Trenell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
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Traditional low-alcoholic and non-alcoholic fermented beverages consumed in European countries: a neglected food group. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30:1-24. [PMID: 28115036 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermented beverages hold a long tradition and contribution to the nutrition of many societies and cultures worldwide. Traditional fermentation has been empirically developed in ancient times as a process of raw food preservation and at the same time production of new foods with different sensorial characteristics, such as texture, flavour and aroma, as well as nutritional value. Low-alcoholic fermented beverages (LAFB) and non-alcoholic fermented beverages (NAFB) represent a subgroup of fermented beverages that have received rather little attention by consumers and scientists alike, especially with regard to their types and traditional uses in European societies. A literature review was undertaken and research articles, review papers and textbooks were searched in order to retrieve data regarding the dietary role, nutrient composition, health benefits and other relevant aspects of diverse ethnic LAFB and NAFB consumed by European populations. A variety of traditional LAFB and NAFB consumed in European regions, such as kefir, kvass, kombucha and hardaliye, are presented. Milk-based LAFB and NAFB are also available on the market, often characterised as 'functional' foods on the basis of their probiotic culture content. Future research should focus on elucidating the dietary role and nutritional value of traditional and 'functional' LAFB and NAFB, their potential health benefits and consumption trends in European countries. Such data will allow for LAFB and NAFB to be included in national food composition tables.
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Jayawardana NWIA, Jayalath WATA, Madhujith WMT, Ralapanawa U, Jayasekera RS, Alagiyawanna SASB, Bandara AMKR, Kalupahana NS. Lifestyle factors associated with obesity in a cohort of males in the central province of Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28056898 PMCID: PMC5217224 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a global epidemic. The prevalence of obesity has also increased in the South Asian region in the last decade. However, dietary and lifestyle factors associated with obesity in Sri Lankan adults are unclear. The objective of the current study was to investigate the association of dietary and lifestyle patterns with overweight and obesity in a cohort of males from the Central Province of Sri Lanka. METHODS A total of 2469 males aged between 16 and 72 years ([Formula: see text]) were included in the study. The sample comprised individuals who presented for a routine medical examination at the National Transport Medical Institute, Kandy, Sri Lanka. The Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoff values for Asians were used to categorize the participants into four groups as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. The data on dietary and lifestyle patterns such as level of physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours and other socio demographic data were obtained using validated self-administered questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the associations of individual lifestyle patterns with overweight and obesity. RESULTS The mean BMI of the study group was 22.7 kg m-2 and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 31.8 and 12.3%, respectively. Mean waist circumference of the participants was 78.6 cm with 17.1% of them being centrally obese. After adjusting for potential confounders, weight status was associated with older age (P < 0.0001), ethnicity (P = 0.0033) and higher income (P = 0.0006). While higher physical activity showed a trend for being associated with lower odds of being obese (odds ratio: 0.898 - confidence interval: 0.744-1.084), alcohol intake, consumption of fruits, level of education, sleeping hours, smoking, consumption of fish, meat, dairy, sweets or fried snacks were not significantly associated with the weight status. CONCLUSION The high prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in working-age males is a threatening sign for Sri Lanka. Since the prevalence rate is higher in certain ethnic groups and higher-income groups, targeted interventions for these groups may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W I A Jayawardana
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - W A T A Jayalath
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W M T Madhujith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - U Ralapanawa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - S A S B Alagiyawanna
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - A M K R Bandara
- Department of Agricultural Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - N S Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Cheon SY, Wang HW, Lee HJ, Hwang KM, Yoon HS, Kang YJ. Relationship of sodium consumption with obesity in Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2017.50.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Cheon
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hye Won Wang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Lee
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Hwang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hae Seong Yoon
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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