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Velasco I, Daza-Dueñas S, Torres E, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins centrally modulate food intake and locomotor activity in mice independently of gonadal steroids in a sexually dimorphic manner. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13433. [PMID: 39041546 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptins are essential regulators of the reproductive axis, with capacity to potently activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, acting also as central conduits for the metabolic regulation of fertility. Recent evidence suggests that kisspeptins per se may also modulate several metabolic parameters, including body weight, food intake or energy expenditure, but their actual roles and site(s) of action remain unclear. We present herein a series of studies addressing the metabolic effects of central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10; 1 nmol and 3 nmol daily, respectively) for 11 days in mice of both sexes. To assess direct metabolic actions of Kp-10 versus those derived indirectly from its capacity to modulate gonadal hormone secretion, kisspeptin effects were tested in adult male and female mice gonadectomized and supplemented with fixed, physiological doses of testosterone or 17β-estradiol, respectively. Central administration of Kp-10 decreased food intake in male mice, especially during the dark phase (~50%), which was accompanied by a reduction in total and nocturnal energy expenditure (~16%) and locomotor activity (~70%). In contrast, opposite patterns were detected in female mice, with an increase in total and nocturnal locomotor activity (>65%), despite no changes in food intake or energy expenditure. These changes were independent of body weight, as no differences were detected in mice of both sexes at the end of Kp-10 treatments. Peripheral administration of Kp-10 failed to alter any of the metabolic parameters analyzed, except for a decrease in locomotor activity in male mice and a subtle increase in 24 h food intake in female mice, denoting a predominant central role of kisspeptins in the control of energy metabolism. Finally, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were not significantly affected by central or peripheral treatment with Kp-10. In conclusion, our data reveal a potential role of kisspeptins in the control of key metabolic parameters, including food intake, energy expenditure and locomotor activity, with a preferential action at central level, which is sex steroid-independent but sexually dimorphic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Daza-Dueñas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Encarnación Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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2
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Patel AH, Koysombat K, Pierret A, Young M, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 39287750 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea, resulting in anovulation and infertility, and is a low estrogen state that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and impairs bone health. FHA is characterized by acquired suppression of physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by the hypothalamus in the absence of an identifiable structural cause, resulting in a functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. FHA results from either decreased energy intake and/or excessive exercise, leading to low energy availability and weight loss-often in combination with psychological stress on top of a background of genetic susceptibility. The hypothalamic neuropeptide kisspeptin is a key component of the GnRH pulse generator, tightly regulating pulsatile GnRH secretion and the downstream reproductive axis. Here, we review the physiological regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion by hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons and how their activity is modulated by signals of energy status to affect reproductive function. We explore endocrine factors contributing to the suppression of GnRH pulsatility in the pathophysiology of FHA and how hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons likely represent a final common pathway through which these factors affect GnRH pulse generation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin as a novel treatment for women with FHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaran H Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Aureliane Pierret
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Young
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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3
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Musa E, Salazar-Petres E, Vatish M, Levitt N, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Matjila MJ. Kisspeptin signalling and its correlation with placental ultrastructure and clinical outcomes in pregnant South African women with obesity and gestational diabetes. Placenta 2024; 154:49-59. [PMID: 38878622 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy metabolic disorder and is strongly linked with obesity. Kisspeptin is a hormone that increases several thousand-fold in the maternal circulation during human pregnancy, with placenta as its main source. Studies have suggested that kisspeptin regulates trophoblast invasion and promotes pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHODS In a well-characterized cohort of pregnant South African women and molecular and histological techniques, this study explored the impact and interaction of maternal obesity and GDM on kisspeptin (KISS1) signalling in relation to placental morphology and maternal and neonatal parameters. RESULTS We found that GDM had no effect on placental KISS1 and KISS1R (KISS1 receptor) mRNA and/or protein expression. However, obesity reduced placental KISS1R mRNA expression even though overall KISS1 protein abundance or localization was not different from the non-obese group. Maternal and cord circulating KISS1 concentrations did not vary with obesity or GDM, but maternal circulating KISS1 was positively correlated with placenta weight in non-GDM obese women, and negatively correlated with placental intervillous space volume in non-GDM non-obese women. Cord serum KISS1 was positively correlated with infant weight in GDM obese women, but negatively correlated with maternal BMI in the non-obese GDM group. Placental syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles exhibited detectable KISS1 and its abundance was ∼50 % lower in those from obese GDM compared to non-GDM women. DISCUSSION This study shows maternal obesity and GDM can modulate placental kisspeptin signalling and placental morphological development with potential pathophysiological implications for clinically-relevant pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Musa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Carrera de Obstetricia, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mushi J Matjila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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4
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Liang C, Li X, Song G, Schmidt SF, Sun L, Chen J, Pan X, Zhao H, Yan Y. Adipose Kiss1 controls aerobic exercise-related adaptive responses in adipose tissue energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23743. [PMID: 38877852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302598rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptin signaling regulates energy homeostasis. Adiposity is the principal source and receiver of peripheral Kisspeptin, and adipose Kiss1 metastasis suppressor (Kiss1) gene expression is stimulated by exercise. However, whether the adipose Kiss1 gene regulates energy homeostasis and plays a role in adaptive alterations during prolonged exercise remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Kiss1 role in mice and adipose tissues and the adaptive changes it induces after exercise, using adipose-specific Kiss1 knockout (Kiss1adipoq-/-) and adeno-associated virus-induced adipose tissue Kiss1-overexpressing (Kiss1adipoq over) mice. We found that adipose-derived kisspeptin signal regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis to maintain systemic energy homeostasis, but in a sex-dependent manner, with more pronounced metabolic changes in female mice. Kiss1 regulated adaptive alterations of genes and proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathways in female gWAT following prolonged aerobic exercise. We could further show that adipose Kiss1 deficiency leads to reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) protein content of soleus muscle and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of female mice after prolonged exercise. Therefore, adipose Kisspeptin may be a novel adipokine that increases organ sensitivity to glucose, lipids, and oxygen following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liang
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University (GXU), Nanning, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Søren Fisker Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
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5
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Huang HX, Inglese P, Tang J, Yagoubi R, Correia GDS, Horneffer-van der Sluis VM, Camuzeaux S, Wu V, Kopanitsa MV, Willumsen N, Jackson JS, Barron AM, Saito T, Saido TC, Gentlemen S, Takats Z, Matthews PM. Mass spectrometry imaging highlights dynamic patterns of lipid co-expression with Aβ plaques in mouse and human brains. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1193-1214. [PMID: 38372586 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in the susceptibility and brain cellular responses to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are increasingly considered potential soluble biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. To delineate the pathological correlations of distinct lipid species, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of both spatially localized and global differences in brain lipid composition in AppNL-G-F mice with spatial and bulk mass spectrometry lipidomic profiling, using human amyloid-expressing (h-Aβ) and WT mouse brains controls. We observed age-dependent increases in lysophospholipids, bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphates, and phosphatidylglycerols around Aβ plaques in AppNL-G-F mice. Immunohistology-based co-localization identified associations between focal pro-inflammatory lipids, glial activation, and autophagic flux disruption. Likewise, in human donors with varying Braak stages, similar studies of cortical sections revealed co-expression of lysophospholipids and ceramides around Aβ plaques in AD (Braak stage V/VI) but not in earlier Braak stage controls. Our findings in mice provide evidence of temporally and spatially heterogeneous differences in lipid composition as local and global Aβ-related pathologies evolve. Observing similar lipidomic changes associated with pathological Aβ plaques in human AD tissue provides a foundation for understanding differences in CSF lipids with reported clinical stage or disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xuexia Huang
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riad Yagoubi
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincen Wu
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maksym V Kopanitsa
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nanet Willumsen
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna S Jackson
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Steve Gentlemen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Matthews
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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6
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Ruan X, Zhang X, Liu L, Zhang J. Mechanism of Xiaoyao San in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with liver depression and spleen deficiency: based on bioinformatics, metabolomics and in vivo experiments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5128-5146. [PMID: 37440274 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2231544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Xiaoyao san (XYS) plays an important role in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the material basis and mechanism by means of network pharmacology, metabolomics, systems biology and molecular docking methods. On this basis, NAFLD rat model with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency was constructed and XYS was used to intervene, and liver histopathology, biochemical detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative PCR assay and western blotting were used to further verify the mechanism. Through the above research methods, network pharmacology study showed that there were 94 targets in total for XYS in the treatment of NAFLD. Metabolomics study showed that NAFLD with liver depression and spleen deficiency had a total of 73 differential metabolites. Systems biology found that PTGS2 and PPARG were the core targets; Quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the core active components; AA, cAMP were the core metabolites. And molecular docking showed that the core active components can act well on the key targets. Animal experiments showed that XYS could improve liver histopathology, increase 5HT and NA, decrease INS and FBG, improve blood lipids and liver function, decrease AA, increase cAMP, down-regulate PTGS2, up-regulate PPARG, and decrease PGE2 and 15d-PGJ2. In conclusion, XYS might treat NAFLD with liver depression and spleen deficiency by down-regulating PTGS2, up-regulating PPARG, reducing AA content, increasing cAMP, improving insulin resistance, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ruan
- School of Acupuncture - Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Acupuncture - Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Liver Medicine, Hubei No.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Liver Medicine, Hubei No.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Dagbasi A, Byrne C, Blunt D, Serrano-Contreras JI, Becker GF, Blanco JM, Camuzeaux S, Chambers E, Danckert N, Edwards C, Bernal A, Garcia MV, Hanyaloglu A, Holmes E, Ma Y, Marchesi J, Martinez-Gili L, Mendoza L, Tashkova M, Perez-Moral N, Garcia-Perez I, Robles AC, Sands C, Wist J, Murphy KG, Frost G. Diet shapes the metabolite profile in the intact human ileum, which affects PYY release. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadm8132. [PMID: 38896603 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adm8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The human ileum contains a high density of enteroendocrine L-cells, which release the appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in response to food intake. Recent evidence highlighted the potential role of food structures in PYY release, but the link between food structures, ileal metabolites, and appetite hormone release remains unclear owing to limited access to intact human ileum. In a randomized crossover trial (ISRCTN11327221; isrctn.com), we investigated the role of human ileum in GLP-1 and PYY release by giving healthy volunteers diets differing in fiber and food structure: high-fiber (intact or disrupted food structures) or low-fiber disrupted food structures. We used nasoenteric tubes to sample chyme from the intact distal ileum lumina of humans in the fasted state and every 60 min for 480 min postprandially. We demonstrate the highly dynamic, wide-ranging molecular environment of the ileum over time, with a substantial decrease in ileum bacterial numbers and bacterial metabolites after food intake. We also show that high-fiber diets, independent of food structure, increased PYY release compared with a low-fiber diet during 0 to 240 min postprandially. High-fiber diets also increased ileal stachyose, and a disrupted high-fiber diet increased certain ileal amino acids. Treatment of human ileal organoids with ileal fluids or an amino acid and stachyose mixture stimulated PYY expression in a similar profile to blood PYY concentrations, confirming the role of ileal metabolites in PYY release. Our study demonstrates the diet-induced changes over time in the metabolite environment of intact human ileum, which play a role in PYY release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aygul Dagbasi
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Claire Byrne
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dominic Blunt
- Department of Imaging, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgia Franco Becker
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jesus Miguens Blanco
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Edward Chambers
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Danckert
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Andres Bernal
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Maria Valdivia Garcia
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aylin Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Development Biology (IRDB), Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lilian Mendoza
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martina Tashkova
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andres Castillo Robles
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Julien Wist
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
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8
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Gadgil MD, Cheng J, Herrington DM, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM. Adipose tissue-derived metabolite risk scores and risk for type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:668-673. [PMID: 38245659 PMCID: PMC11058083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) than many other race/ethnic groups. Ectopic adiposity, specifically hepatic steatosis and visceral fat may partially explain this. Our objective was to derive metabolite risk scores for ectopic adiposity and assess associations with incident T2D in South Asians. METHODS We examined 550 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 years without known cardiovascular disease or T2D and with metabolomic data. Computed tomography scans at baseline assessed hepatic attenuation and visceral fat area, and fasting serum specimens at baseline and after 5 years assessed T2D. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed followed by targeted integration and reporting of known signals. Elastic net regularized linear regression analyses was used to derive risk scores for hepatic steatosis and visceral fat using weighted coefficients. Logistic regression models associated metabolite risk score and incident T2D, adjusting for age, gender, study site, BMI, physical activity, diet quality, energy intake and use of cholesterol-lowering medication. RESULTS Average age of participants was 55 years, 36% women with an average body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 and 6% prevalence of hepatic steatosis, with 47 cases of incident T2D at 5 years. There were 445 metabolites of known identity. Of these, 313 metabolites were included in the MET-Visc score and 267 in the MET-Liver score. In most fully adjusted models, MET-Liver (OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.38, 3.03]) and MET-Visc (OR 2.80 [1.75, 4.46]) were associated with higher odds of T2D. These associations remained significant after adjustment for measured adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Metabolite risk scores for intrahepatic fat and visceral fat were strongly related to incident T2D independent of measured adiposity. Use of these biomarkers to target risk stratification may help capture pre-clinical metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Ave, #1026, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N. Lakeshore Dr. 6h Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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9
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Salmeri N, Viganò P, Cavoretto P, Marci R, Candiani M. The kisspeptin system in and beyond reproduction: exploring intricate pathways and potential links between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:239-257. [PMID: 37505370 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two common female reproductive disorders with a significant impact on the health and quality of life of women affected. A novel hypothesis by evolutionary biologists suggested that these two diseases are inversely related to one another, representing a pair of diametrical diseases in terms of opposite alterations in reproductive physiological processes but also contrasting phenotypic traits. However, to fully explain the phenotypic features observed in women with these conditions, we need to establish a potential nexus system between the reproductive system and general biological functions. The recent discovery of kisspeptin as pivotal mediator of internal and external inputs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has led to a new understanding of the neuroendocrine upstream regulation of the human reproductive system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the physiological roles of kisspeptin in human reproduction, as well as its involvement in complex biological functions such as metabolism, inflammation and pain sensitivity. Importantly, these functions are known to be dysregulated in both PCOS and endometriosis. Within the evolving scientific field of "kisspeptinology", we critically discuss the clinical relevance of these discoveries and their potential translational applications in endometriosis and PCOS. By exploring the possibilities of manipulating this complex signaling system, we aim to pave the way for novel targeted therapies in these reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Salmeri
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via M. Fanti 6, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cavoretto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Gynecology & Obstetrics, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
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10
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Sliwowska JH, Woods NE, Alzahrani AR, Paspali E, Tate RJ, Ferro VA. Kisspeptin a potential therapeutic target in treatment of both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13541. [PMID: 38599822 PMCID: PMC11006622 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) are proteins that were first recognized to have antimetastatic action. Later, the critical role of this peptide in the regulation of reproduction was proved. In recent years, evidence has been accumulated supporting a role for KPs in regulating metabolic processes in a sexual dimorphic manner. It has been proposed that KPs regulate metabolism both indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, brown adipose tissue, and pancreas. The aim of the review is to provide both experimental and clinical evidence indicating that KPs are peptides linking metabolism and reproduction. We propose that KPs could be used as a potential target to treat both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. Thus, we focus on the consequences of disruptions in KPs and their receptors in metabolic conditions such as diabetes, undernutrition, obesity, and reproductive disorders (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome). Data from both animal models and human subjects indicate that alterations in KPs in the case of metabolic imbalance lead also to disruptions in reproductive functions. Changes both in the hypothalamic and peripheral KP systems in animal models of the aforementioned disorders are discussed. Finally, an overview of current clinical studies involving KP in fertility and metabolism show fewer studies on metabolism (15%) and only one to date on both. Presented data indicate a dynamic and emerging field of KP studies as possible therapeutic targets in treatments of both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Helena Sliwowska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicola Elizabeth Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elpiniki Paspali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rothwelle Joseph Tate
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valerie Anne Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Abbara A, Adams S, Phylactou M, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Mills EG, Thurston L, Koysombat K, Hanassab S, Heinis T, Tan TMM, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Comninos AN, Voliotis M, Dhillo WS. Quantifying the variability in the assessment of reproductive hormone levels. Fertil Steril 2024; 121:334-345. [PMID: 37977226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify how representative a single measure of reproductive hormone level is of the daily hormonal profile using data from detailed hormonal sampling in the saline placebo-treated arm conducted over several hours. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of data from previous interventional research studies evaluating reproductive hormones. SETTING Clinical Research Facility at a tertiary reproductive endocrinology centre at Imperial College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. PATIENTS Overall, 266 individuals, including healthy men and women (n = 142) and those with reproductive disorders and states (n = 124 [11 with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea, 6 with polycystic ovary syndrome, 62 women and 32 men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and 13 postmenopausal women]), were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS Data from 266 individuals who had undergone detailed hormonal sampling in the saline placebo-treated arms of previous research studies was used to quantify the variability in reproductive hormones because of pulsatile secretion, diurnal variation, and feeding using coefficient of variation (CV) and entropy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The ability of a single measure of reproductive hormone level to quantify the variability in reproductive hormone levels because of pulsatile secretion, diurnal variation, and nutrient intake. RESULTS The initial morning value of reproductive hormone levels was typically higher than the mean value throughout the day (percentage decrease from initial morning measure to daily mean: luteinizing hormone level 18.4%, follicle-stimulating hormone level 9.7%, testosterone level 9.2%, and estradiol level 2.1%). Luteinizing hormone level was the most variable (CV 28%), followed by sex-steroid hormone levels (testosterone level 12% and estradiol level 13%), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone level was the least variable reproductive hormone (CV 8%). In healthy men, testosterone levels fell between 9:00 am and 5:00 pm by 14.9% (95% confidence interval 4.2, 25.5%), although morning levels correlated with (and could be predicted from) late afternoon levels in the same individual (r2 = 0.53, P<.0001). Testosterone levels were reduced more after a mixed meal (by 34.3%) than during ad libitum feeding (9.5%), after an oral glucose load (6.0%), or an intravenous glucose load (7.4%). CONCLUSION Quantification of the variability of a single measure of reproductive hormone levels informs the reliability of reproductive hormone assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Adams
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Layla Thurston
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hanassab
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Heinis
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tricia M-M Tan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; North West London Pathology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Living Systems Institute, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margaritis Voliotis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Living Systems Institute, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Hill TG, Smith LIF, Ruz-Maldonado I, Jones PM, Bowe JE. Kisspeptin upregulates β-cell serotonin production during pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230218. [PMID: 37997938 PMCID: PMC10762540 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy the maternal pancreatic islets of Langerhans undergo adaptive changes to compensate for gestational insulin resistance. The lactogenic hormones are well established to play a key role in regulating the islet adaptation to pregnancy, and one of the mechanisms through which they act is through upregulating β-cell serotonin production. During pregnancy islet serotonin levels are significantly elevated, where it is released from the β-cells to drive the adaptive response through paracrine and autocrine effects. We have previously shown that placental kisspeptin (KP) also plays a role in promoting the elevated insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation observed during pregnancy, although the precise mechanisms involved are unclear. In the present study we investigated the effects of KP on expression of pro-proliferative genes and serotonin biosynthesis within rodent islets. Whilst KP had limited effect on pro-proliferative gene expression at the time points tested, KP did significantly stimulate expression of the serotonin biosynthesis enzyme Tph-1. Furthermore, the islets of pregnant β-cell-specific GPR54 knockdown mice were found to contain significantly fewer serotonin-positive β-cells when compared to pregnant controls. Our previous studies suggested that reduced placental kisspeptin production, with consequent impaired kisspeptin-dependent β-cell compensation, may be a factor in the development of GDM in humans. These current data suggest that, similar to the lactogenic hormones, KP may also contribute to serotonin biosynthesis and subsequent islet signalling during pregnancy. Furthermore, upregulation of serotonin biosynthesis may represent a common mechanism through which multiple signals might influence the islet adaptation to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorna I F Smith
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter M Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James E Bowe
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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13
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Alexander JL, Wyatt NJ, Camuzeaux S, Chekmeneva E, Jimenez B, Sands CJ, Fuller H, Takis P, Ahmad T, Doyle JA, Hart A, Irving PM, Kennedy NA, Lees CW, Lindsay JO, McIntyre RE, Parkes M, Prescott NJ, Raine T, Satsangi J, Speight RA, Jostins-Dean L, Powell N, Marchesi JR, Stewart CJ, Lamb CA. Considerations for peripheral blood transport and storage during large-scale multicentre metabolome research. Gut 2024; 73:379-383. [PMID: 36754608 PMCID: PMC10850673 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-329297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James L Alexander
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola J Wyatt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Jimenez
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline J Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Fuller
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Panteleimon Takis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Jennifer A Doyle
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ailsa Hart
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlie W Lees
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E McIntyre
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Natalie J Prescott
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Richard Alexander Speight
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luke Jostins-Dean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nick Powell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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14
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Radwańska P, Gałdyszyńska M, Piera L, Drobnik J. Kisspeptin-10 increases collagen content in the myocardium by focal adhesion kinase activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19977. [PMID: 37968564 PMCID: PMC10651918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10) in the regulation of collagen content in cardiac fibroblasts. An attempt was also made to describe the mechanism of the effect of KiSS-10 on collagen metabolism. The studies indicate that kisspeptin-10 significantly increases the content of intracellular collagen in the myocardium. KiSS-10 also elevates the level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in human cardiac fibroblasts. The inhibition of FAK negates the stimulatory effect of KiSS-10 on collagen deposition in vitro. These changes correlate with an increase in the level of propeptides of procollagen type I (PICP) and III (PIIICP) in fibroblast culture medium and mouse PIIICP in serum. Moreover, this hormone inhibits the release of metalloproteinases (MMP-1,-2,-9) and elevates the secretion of their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1,-2,-4). KiSS-10 also enhances the expression of α1 chains of procollagen type I and III in vitro. Thus, KiSS-10 is involved in the regulation of collagen metabolism and cardiac fibrosis. Augmentation of collagen deposition by KiSS-10 is dependent on the protein synthesis elevation, inhibition of MMPs activity (increase of TIMPs release) or decrease of MMPs concentration. The profibrotic activity of KiSS-10 is mediated by FAK and is not dependent on TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Radwańska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gałdyszyńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lucyna Piera
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Drobnik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Izzi‐Engbeaya C, Choudhury MM, Patel B, Muzi B, Qayuum A, Mills EG, Ahsan M, Phylactou M, Clarke SA, Aslett L, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Tan TM, Dhillo WS. The effects of kisspeptin on food intake in women with overweight or obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:2393-2397. [PMID: 37039248 PMCID: PMC10946989 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Izzi‐Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Muhammad M. Choudhury
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bijal Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Beatrice Muzi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ambreen Qayuum
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Maheen Ahsan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Sophie A. Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Laura Aslett
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Tricia M. Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
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16
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Alexander JL, Posma JM, Scott A, Poynter L, Mason SE, Doria ML, Herendi L, Roberts L, McDonald JAK, Cameron S, Hughes DJ, Liska V, Susova S, Soucek P, der Sluis VHV, Gomez-Romero M, Lewis MR, Hoyles L, Woolston A, Cunningham D, Darzi A, Gerlinger M, Goldin R, Takats Z, Marchesi JR, Teare J, Kinross J. Pathobionts in the tumour microbiota predict survival following resection for colorectal cancer. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:100. [PMID: 37158960 PMCID: PMC10165813 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to map the CRC mucosal microbiota and metabolome and define the influence of the tumoral microbiota on oncological outcomes. METHODS A multicentre, prospective observational study was conducted of CRC patients undergoing primary surgical resection in the UK (n = 74) and Czech Republic (n = 61). Analysis was performed using metataxonomics, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), targeted bacterial qPCR and tumour exome sequencing. Hierarchical clustering accounting for clinical and oncological covariates was performed to identify clusters of bacteria and metabolites linked to CRC. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to ascertain clusters associated with disease-free survival over median follow-up of 50 months. RESULTS Thirteen mucosal microbiota clusters were identified, of which five were significantly different between tumour and paired normal mucosa. Cluster 7, containing the pathobionts Fusobacterium nucleatum and Granulicatella adiacens, was strongly associated with CRC (PFDR = 0.0002). Additionally, tumoral dominance of cluster 7 independently predicted favourable disease-free survival (adjusted p = 0.031). Cluster 1, containing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus, was negatively associated with cancer (PFDR = 0.0009), and abundance was independently predictive of worse disease-free survival (adjusted p = 0.0009). UPLC-MS analysis revealed two major metabolic (Met) clusters. Met 1, composed of medium chain (MCFA), long-chain (LCFA) and very long-chain (VLCFA) fatty acid species, ceramides and lysophospholipids, was negatively associated with CRC (PFDR = 2.61 × 10-11); Met 2, composed of phosphatidylcholine species, nucleosides and amino acids, was strongly associated with CRC (PFDR = 1.30 × 10-12), but metabolite clusters were not associated with disease-free survival (p = 0.358). An association was identified between Met 1 and DNA mismatch-repair deficiency (p = 0.005). FBXW7 mutations were only found in cancers predominant in microbiota cluster 7. CONCLUSIONS Networks of pathobionts in the tumour mucosal niche are associated with tumour mutation and metabolic subtypes and predict favourable outcome following CRC resection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Alexander
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joram M Posma
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alasdair Scott
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Poynter
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam E Mason
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Luisa Doria
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lili Herendi
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Roberts
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Cameron
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biosciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Susova
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Centre, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Centre, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Verena Horneffer-van der Sluis
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gomez-Romero
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Andrew Woolston
- Translational Oncogenomics Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- GI Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Translational Oncogenomics Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- GI Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Julian Teare
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Kinross
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Santos BR, Cordeiro JMDA, Santos LC, Santana LDS, Nascimento AEDJ, Silva JF. Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076820. [PMID: 37047793 PMCID: PMC10095583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diseases such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes cause inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta and changes in placental kisspeptin levels. Although maternal hypothyroidism also reduces the kisspeptin/Kiss1R system at the maternal-fetal interface, there is still no information on whether this dysfunction causes inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta or influences the modulatory role of kisspeptin in these processes. This study aimed to evaluate whether hypothyroidism activates the inflammasome-NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis at the maternal-fetal interface of rats and whether kisspeptin can modulate these processes. Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar rats by the administration of propylthiouracil. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) treatment began on the 8th day of gestation (DG). Gene and/or protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, IL-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D (Gsmd) were evaluated in the deciduae and placentae at the 18th DG. Hypothyroidism increased the decidual and placental stainings of NLRP3, IL-1β, and Gasdermin D, and increased the gene expressions of Nlrp3, Ilβ, and Il18 in the placenta and of Gsmd in the decidua. Treatment with Kp10 suppressed the increase in NLRP3/Nlrp3, IL-1β, Il18, and Gasdermin D/Gsmd caused by hypothyroidism at the maternal-fetal interface. However, Kp10 increased the placental gene expressions of Casp1 and Il1β. The findings demonstrated that maternal hypothyroidism activated the inflammasome-NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis at the maternal-fetal interface of rats and that treatment with Kp10 was able to block these processes, thus suggesting that kisspeptin analogues may be promising in the treatment of gestational diseases that involve inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Acácia Eduarda de Jesus Nascimento
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
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18
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Trovato FM, Zia R, Artru F, Mujib S, Jerome E, Cavazza A, Coen M, Wilson I, Holmes E, Morgan P, Singanayagam A, Bernsmeier C, Napoli S, Bernal W, Wendon J, Miquel R, Menon K, Patel VC, Smith J, Atkinson SR, Triantafyllou E, McPhail MJW. Lysophosphatidylcholines modulate immunoregulatory checkpoints in peripheral monocytes and are associated with mortality in people with acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2023; 78:558-573. [PMID: 36370949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease characterised by high-grade inflammation and immunoparesis, which is associated with a high incidence of death from sepsis. Herein, we aimed to describe the metabolic dysregulation in ALF and determine whether systemic immune responses are modulated via the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidylcholinic acid (LPA) pathway. METHODS Ninety-six individuals with ALF, 104 with cirrhosis, 31 with sepsis and 71 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Pathways of interest were identified by multivariate statistical analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. A targeted metabolomics panel was used for validation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with LPA 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and their immune checkpoint surface expression was assessed by flow cytometry. Transcript-level expression of the LPA receptor (LPAR) in monocytes was investigated and the effect of LPAR antagonism was also examined in vitro. RESULTS LPC 16:0 was highly discriminant between ALF and HC. There was an increase in ATX and LPA in individuals with ALF compared to HCs and those with sepsis. LPCs 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 were reduced in individuals with ALF and were associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment of monocytes with LPA 16:0 increased their PD-L1 expression and reduced CD155, CD163, MerTK levels, without affecting immune checkpoints on T and NK/CD56+T cells. LPAR1 and 3 antagonism in culture reversed the effect of LPA on monocyte expression of MerTK and CD163. MerTK and CD163, but not LPAR genes, were differentially expressed and upregulated in monocytes from individuals with ALF compared to controls. CONCLUSION Reduced LPC levels are biomarkers of poor prognosis in individuals with ALF. The LPC-ATX-LPA axis appears to modulate innate immune response in ALF via LPAR1 and LPAR3. Further investigations are required to identify novel therapeutic agents targeting these receptors. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a metabolic signature of acute liver failure (ALF) and investigated the immunometabolic role of the lysophosphatidylcholine-autotaxin-lysophosphatidylcholinic acid pathway, with the aim of finding a mechanistic explanation for monocyte behaviour and identifying possible therapeutic targets (to modulate the systemic immune response in ALF). At present, no selective immune-based therapies exist. We were able to modulate the phenotype of monocytes in vitro and aim to extend these findings to murine models of ALF as a next step. Future therapies may be based on metabolic modulation; thus, the role of specific lipids in this pathway require elucidation and the relative merits of autotaxin inhibition, lysophosphatidylcholinic acid receptor blockade or lipid-based therapies need to be determined. Our findings begin to bridge this knowledge gap and the methods used herein could be useful in identifying therapeutic targets as part of an experimental medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
| | - Rabiya Zia
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Florent Artru
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Salma Mujib
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Ellen Jerome
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Anna Cavazza
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Phillip Morgan
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Arjuna Singanayagam
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; Infection Clinical Academic Group, St.George's University of London, UK
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - William Bernal
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Julia Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Vishal C Patel
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - John Smith
- Anaesthetics, Critical Care, Emergency and Trauma Research Delivery Unit, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Atkinson
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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19
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Stebbing J, Takis PG, Sands CJ, Maslen L, Lewis MR, Gleason K, Page K, Guttery D, Fernandez-Garcia D, Primrose L, Shaw JA. Comparison of phenomics and cfDNA in a large breast screening population: the Breast Screening and Monitoring Study (BSMS). Oncogene 2023; 42:825-832. [PMID: 36693953 PMCID: PMC10005936 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To assess their roles in breast cancer diagnostics, we aimed to compare plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels with the circulating metabolome in a large breast screening cohort of women recalled for mammography, including healthy women and women with mammographically detected breast diseases, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer: the Breast Screening and Monitoring Study (BSMS). In 999 women, plasma was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and then processed to isolate and quantify total cfDNA. NMR and UPLC-MS results were compared with data for 186 healthy women derived from the AIRWAVE cohort. Results showed no significant differences between groups for all metabolites, whereas invasive cancers had significantly higher plasma cfDNA levels than all other groups. When stratified the supervised OPLS-DA analysis and total cfDNA concentration showed high discrimination accuracy between invasive cancers and the disease/medication-free subjects. Furthermore, comparison of OPLS-DA data for invasive breast cancers with the AIRWAVE cohort showed similar discrimination between breast cancers and healthy controls. This is the first report of agreement between metabolomics and plasma cfDNA levels for discriminating breast cancer from healthy subjects in a true screening population. It also emphasizes the importance of sample standardization. Follow on studies will involve analysis of candidate features in a larger validation series as well as comparing results with serial plasma samples taken at the next routine screening mammography appointment. The findings here help establish the role of plasma analysis in the diagnosis of breast cancer in a large real-world cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, Hammersmith, London, W12 0NN, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, ARU, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Panteleimon G Takis
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre & Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Caroline J Sands
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre & Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lynn Maslen
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre & Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre & Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kelly Gleason
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, Hammersmith, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karen Page
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - David Guttery
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Garcia
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Lindsay Primrose
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Jacqueline A Shaw
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, Hammersmith, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
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20
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Lu H, George J, Eslam M, Villanueva A, Bolondi L, Reeves HL, McCain M, Chambers E, Ward C, Sartika D, Sands C, Maslen L, Lewis MR, Ramaswami R, Sharma R. Discriminatory Changes in Circulating Metabolites as a Predictor of Hepatocellular Cancer in Patients with Metabolic (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Liver Cancer 2023; 12:19-31. [PMID: 36872928 PMCID: PMC9982340 DOI: 10.1159/000525911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The burden of metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rising mirrored by an increase in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). MAFLD and its sequelae are characterized by perturbations in lipid handling, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage. The profile of circulating lipid and small molecule metabolites with the development of HCC is poorly characterized in MAFLD and could be used in future studies as a biomarker for HCC. Methods We assessed the profile of 273 lipid and small molecule metabolites by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry in serum from patients with MAFLD (n = 113) and MAFLD-associated HCC (n = 144) from six different centers. Regression models were used to identify a predictive model of HCC. Results Twenty lipid species and one metabolite, reflecting changes in mitochondrial function and sphingolipid metabolism, were associated with the presence of cancer on a background of MAFLD with high accuracy (AUC 0.789, 95% CI: 0.721-0.858), which was enhanced with the addition of cirrhosis to the model (AUC 0.855, 95% CI: 0.793-0.917). In particular, the presence of these metabolites was associated with cirrhosis in the MAFLD subgroup (p < 0.001). When considering the HCC cohort alone, the metabolic signature was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.83, p < 0.01). Conclusion These exploratory findings reveal a metabolic signature in serum which is capable of accurately detecting the presence of HCC on a background of MAFLD. This unique serum signature will be taken forward for further investigation of diagnostic performance as biomarker of early stage HCC in patients with MAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Lu
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Luigi Bolondi
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Misti McCain
- Newcastle University Translational Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Edward Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Ward
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dewi Sartika
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Maslen
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ramya Ramaswami
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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21
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Acosta-Martínez M. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Disorders Impacting Fertility in Both Sexes and the Potential of Kisspeptin-Based Therapies to Treat Them. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 282:259-288. [PMID: 37439848 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Impaired function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis can lead to a vast array of reproductive disorders some of which are inherited or acquired, but many are of unknown etiology. Among the clinical consequences of HPG impairment, infertility is quite common. According to the latest report from the World Health Organization, the global prevalence of infertility during a person's lifetime is a staggering 17.5% which translate into 1 out of every 6 people experiencing it. In both sexes, infertility is associated with adverse health events, and if unresolved, infertility can cause substantial psychological stress, social stigmatization, and economic strain. Even though significant advances have been made in the management and treatment of infertility, low or variable efficacy of treatments and medication adverse effects still pose a significant problem. However, the discovery that in humans inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) results in pubertal failure and infertility has expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, opening up potential new therapies for the treatment of infertility disorders. In this chapter we provide an overview of common infertility disorders affecting men and women, their recommended treatments, and the potential of kisspeptin-based pharmacotherapies to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricedes Acosta-Martínez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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22
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Khan D, Ojo OO, Woodward ORM, Lewis JE, Sridhar A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Flatt PR, Moffett RC. Evidence for Involvement of GIP and GLP-1 Receptors and the Gut-Gonadal Axis in Regulating Female Reproductive Function in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1736. [PMID: 36551163 PMCID: PMC9775379 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests crosstalk between reproductive and gut-axis but mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction are still unclear. The present study evaluated the possible role of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) in reproductive function by examining receptor distribution and the effects of global GIPR and GLP-1R deletion on estrous cycling and reproductive outcomes in mice. GIPR and GLP-1R gene expression were readily detected by PCR in female reproductive tissues including pituitary, ovaries and uterine horn. Protein expression was confirmed with histological visualisation of incretin receptors using GIPR-Cre and GLP1R-Cre mice in which the incretin receptor expressing cells were fluorescently tagged. Functional studies revealed that female GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- null mice exhibited significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) deranged estrous cycling compared to wild-type controls, indicative of reduced fertility. Furthermore, only 50% and 16% of female GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- mice, respectively produced litters with wild-type males across three breeding cycles. Consistent with a physiological role of incretin receptors in pregnancy outcome, litter size was significantly (p < 0.001-p < 0.05) decreased in GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- mice. Treatment with oral metformin (300 mg/kg body-weight), an agent used clinically for treatment of PCOS, for a further two breeding periods showed no amelioration of pregnancy outcome except that litter size in the GIPR-/- group was approximately 2 times greater in the second breeding cycle. These data highlight the significance of incretin receptors in modulation of female reproductive function which may provide future targets for pharmacological intervention in reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Opeolu O. Ojo
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Forensic Science, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Orla RM Woodward
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo Edward Lewis
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ananyaa Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R. Charlotte Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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23
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Gadgil MD, Kanaya AM, Sands C, Chekmeneva E, Lewis MR, Kandula NR, Herrington DM. Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States. J Nutr 2022; 152:2358-2366. [PMID: 36774102 PMCID: PMC10157813 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. METHODS We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. RESULTS There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The "animal protein" diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The "fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy" pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The "fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes" pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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24
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Metabolome-wide association study on ABCA7 indicates a role of ceramide metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206083119. [PMID: 36269859 PMCID: PMC9618092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic loci associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms by which they confer risk are largely unknown. We conducted a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of AD-associated loci from GWASs using untargeted metabolic profiling (metabolomics) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). We identified an association of lactosylceramides (LacCer) with AD-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCA7 (P = 5.0 × 10-5 to 1.3 × 10-44). We showed that plasma LacCer concentrations are associated with cognitive performance and genetically modified levels of LacCer are associated with AD risk. We then showed that concentrations of sphingomyelins, ceramides, and hexosylceramides were altered in brain tissue from Abca7 knockout mice, compared with wild type (WT) (P = 0.049-1.4 × 10-5), but not in a mouse model of amyloidosis. Furthermore, activation of microglia increases intracellular concentrations of hexosylceramides in part through induction in the expression of sphingosine kinase, an enzyme with a high control coefficient for sphingolipid and ceramide synthesis. Our work suggests that the risk for AD arising from functional variations in ABCA7 is mediated at least in part through ceramides. Modulation of their metabolism or downstream signaling may offer new therapeutic opportunities for AD.
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25
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Mills EG, Dhillo WS. Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13201. [PMID: 36262016 PMCID: PMC9788075 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin has emerged as the master regulator of mammalian reproduction due to its key roles in the initiation of puberty and the control of fertility. Alongside the tachykinin neurokinin B and the endogenous opioid dynorphin, these peptides are central to the hormonal control of reproduction. Building on the expanding body of experimental animal models, interest has flourished with human studies revealing that kisspeptin administration stimulates physiological reproductive hormone secretion in both healthy men and women, as well as patients with common reproductive disorders. In addition, emerging therapeutic roles based on neurokinin B for the management of menopausal flushing, endometriosis and uterine fibroids are increasingly recognised. In this review, we focus on kisspeptin and neurokinin B and their potential application as novel clinical strategies for the management of reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
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26
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Masumi S, Lee EB, Dilower I, Upadhyaya S, Chakravarthi VP, Fields PE, Rumi MAK. The role of Kisspeptin signaling in Oocyte maturation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917464. [PMID: 36072937 PMCID: PMC9441556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) secreted from the hypothalamic KP neurons act on KP receptors (KPRs) in gonadotropin (GPN) releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to produce GnRH. GnRH acts on pituitary gonadotrophs to induce secretion of GPNs, namely follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for ovarian follicle development, oocyte maturation and ovulation. Thus, hypothalamic KPs regulate oocyte maturation indirectly through GPNs. KPs and KPRs are also expressed in the ovarian follicles across species. Recent studies demonstrated that intraovarian KPs also act directly on the KPRs expressed in oocytes to promote oocyte maturation and ovulation. In this review article, we have summarized published reports on the role of hypothalamic and ovarian KP-signaling in oocyte maturation. Gonadal steroid hormones regulate KP secretion from hypothalamic KP neurons, which in turn induces GPN secretion from the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis. On the other hand, GPNs secreted from the HP axis act on the granulosa cells (GCs) and upregulate the expression of ovarian KPs. While KPs are expressed predominantly in the GCs, the KPRs are in the oocytes. Expression of KPs in the ovaries increases with the progression of the estrous cycle and peaks during the preovulatory GPN surge. Intrafollicular KP levels in the ovaries rise with the advancement of developmental stages. Moreover, loss of KPRs in oocytes in mice leads to failure of oocyte maturation and ovulation similar to that of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). These findings suggest that GC-derived KPs may act on the KPRs in oocytes during their preovulatory maturation. In addition to the intraovarian role of KP-signaling in oocyte maturation, in vivo, a direct role of KP has been identified during in vitro maturation of sheep, porcine, and rat oocytes. KP-stimulation of rat oocytes, in vitro, resulted in Ca2+ release and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. In vitro treatment of rat or porcine oocytes with KPs upregulated messenger RNA levels of the factors that favor oocyte maturation. In clinical trials, human KP-54 has also been administered successfully to patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for increasing oocyte maturation. Exogenous KPs can induce GPN secretion from hypothalamus; however, the possibility of direct KP action on the oocytes cannot be excluded. Understanding the direct in vivo and in vitro roles of KP-signaling in oocyte maturation will help in developing novel KP-based ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. A. Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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27
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Harshfield EL, Sands CJ, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE, Lewis MR, Markus HS. Metabolomic profiling in small vessel disease identifies multiple associations with disease severity. Brain 2022; 145:2461-2471. [PMID: 35254405 PMCID: PMC9337813 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. There are few treatments, largely reflecting limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Metabolomics can be used to identify novel risk factors to better understand pathogenesis and to predict disease progression and severity. We analysed data from 624 patients with symptomatic cerebral small vessel disease from two prospective cohort studies. Serum samples were collected at baseline and patients underwent MRI scans and cognitive testing at regular intervals with up to 14 years of follow-up. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles from 369 annotated metabolites and 54 764 unannotated features and examined their association with respect to disease severity, assessed using MRI small vessel disease markers, cognition and future risk of all-cause dementia. Our analysis identified 28 metabolites that were significantly associated with small vessel disease imaging markers and cognition. Decreased levels of multiple glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids were associated with increased small vessel disease load as evidenced by higher white matter hyperintensity volume, lower mean diffusivity normalized peak height, greater brain atrophy and impaired cognition. Higher levels of creatine, FA(18:2(OH)) and SM(d18:2/24:1) were associated with increased lacune count, higher white matter hyperintensity volume and impaired cognition. Lower baseline levels of carnitines and creatinine were associated with higher annualized change in peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, and 25 metabolites, including lipoprotein subclasses, amino acids and xenobiotics, were associated with future dementia incidence. Our results show multiple distinct metabolic signatures that are associated with imaging markers of small vessel disease, cognition and conversion to dementia. Further research should assess causality and the use of metabolomic screening to improve the ability to predict future disease severity and dementia risk in small vessel disease. The metabolomic profiles may also provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and help identify novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Harshfield
- Correspondence to: Dr Eric L. Harshfield Stroke Research Group Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge R3, Box 83, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK E-mail:
| | - Caroline J Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Tsoutsouki J, Patel B, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin in the Prediction of Pregnancy Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:942664. [PMID: 35928889 PMCID: PMC9344876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.942664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin and its receptor are central to reproductive health acting as key regulators of the reproductive endocrine axis in humans. Kisspeptin is most widely recognised as a regulator of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal function. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that kisspeptin and its receptor also play a fundamental role during pregnancy in the regulation of placentation. Kisspeptin is abundantly expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, and its receptor in both cyto- and syncytio-trophoblasts. Circulating levels of kisspeptin rise dramatically during healthy pregnancy, which have been proposed as having potential as a biomarker of placental function. Indeed, alterations in kisspeptin levels are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and foetal complications. This review summarises data evaluating kisspeptin's role as a putative biomarker of pregnancy complications including miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (EP), preterm birth (PTB), foetal growth restriction (FGR), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ali Abbara
- *Correspondence: Waljit S. Dhillo, ; Ali Abbara,
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29
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Szydełko-Gorzkowicz M, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R, Sotowski M, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. The Role of Kisspeptin in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Complications: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126611. [PMID: 35743054 PMCID: PMC9223875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins are the family of neuropeptide products of the KISS-1 gene that exert the biological action by binding with the G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), also known as the KISS-1 receptor. The kisspeptin level dramatically increases during pregnancy, and the placenta is supposed to be its primary source. The role of kisspeptin has already been widely studied in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, fertility, puberty disorders, and insulin resistance-related conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), or spontaneous abortion affected 2 to 20% of pregnancies worldwide. Their occurrence is associated with numerous short and long-term consequences for mothers and newborns; hence, novel, non-invasive predictors of their development are intensively investigated. The study aims to present a comprehensive review emphasizing the role of kisspeptin in the most common pregnancy-related disorders and neonatal outcomes. The decreased level of kisspeptin is observed in women with GDM, FGR, and a high risk of spontaneous abortion. Nevertheless, there are still many inconsistencies in kisspeptin concentration in pregnancies with preterm birth or PE. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness of kisspeptin as an early marker of gestational and neonatal complications.
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30
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Wilshaw J, Boswood A, Chang YM, Sands CJ, Camuzeaux S, Lewis MR, Xia D, Connolly DJ. Evidence of altered fatty acid metabolism in dogs with naturally occurring valvular heart disease and congestive heart failure. Metabolomics 2022; 18:34. [PMID: 35635592 PMCID: PMC9151558 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac condition in adult dogs. The disease progresses over several years and affected dogs may develop congestive heart failure (HF). Research has shown that myocardial metabolism is altered in cardiac disease, leading to a reduction in β-oxidation of fatty acids and an increased dependence upon glycolysis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether a shift in substrate use occurs in canine patients with MMVD; a naturally occurring model of human disease. METHODS Client-owned dogs were longitudinally evaluated at a research clinic in London, UK and paired serum samples were selected from visits when patients were in ACVIM stage B1: asymptomatic disease without cardiomegaly, and stage C: HF. Samples were processed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and lipid profiles were compared using mixed effects models with false discovery rate adjustment. The effect of disease stage was evaluated with patient breed entered as a confounder. Features that significantly differed were screened for selection for annotation efforts using reference databases. RESULTS Dogs in HF had altered concentrations of lipid species belonging to several classes previously associated with cardiovascular disease. Concentrations of certain acylcarnitines, phospholipids and sphingomyelins were increased after individuals had developed HF, whilst some ceramides and lysophosphatidylcholines decreased. CONCLUSIONS The canine metabolome appears to change as MMVD progresses. Findings from this study suggest that in HF myocardial metabolism may be characterised by reduced β-oxidation. This proposed explanation warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wilshaw
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom.
| | - A Boswood
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y M Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C J Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Xia
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D J Connolly
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Guzman S, Dragan M, Kwon H, de Oliveira V, Rao S, Bhatt V, Kalemba KM, Shah A, Rustgi VK, Wang H, Bech PR, Abbara A, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Manousou P, Guo JY, Guo GL, Radovick S, Dhillo WS, Wondisford FE, Babwah AV, Bhattacharya M. Targeting hepatic kisspeptin receptor ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145889. [PMID: 35349482 PMCID: PMC9106350 DOI: 10.1172/jci145889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, has become a silent worldwide pandemic. The incidence of NAFLD correlates with the rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. A hallmark featureof NAFLD is excessive hepatic fat accumulation or steatosis, due to dysregulated hepatic fat metabolism, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat this disease. Here, we have found that activation of the kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) signaling pathway has therapeutic effects in NAFLD. Using high-fat diet-fed mice, we demonstrated that a deletion of hepatic Kiss1r exacerbated hepatic steatosis. In contrast, enhanced stimulation of KISS1R protected against steatosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice and decreased fibrosis using a diet-induced mouse model of NASH. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic KISS1R signaling activates the master energy regulator, AMPK, to thereby decrease lipogenesis and progression to NASH. In patients with NAFLD and in high-fat diet-fed mice, hepatic KISS1/KISS1R expression and plasma kisspeptin levels were elevated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to reduce triglyceride synthesis. These findings establish KISS1R as a therapeutic target to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | | | - Shivani Rao
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vinod K. Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul R. Bech
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | | | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Y. Guo
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Andy V. Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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32
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Gadgil MD, Sarkar M, Sands C, Lewis MR, Herrington DM, Kanaya AM. Associations of NAFLD with circulating ceramides and impaired glycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109829. [PMID: 35292328 PMCID: PMC9082931 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Determine the association of circulating ceramides with NAFLD and glycemic impairment. METHODS Sample: 669 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort aged 40-84 years without cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, or significant alcohol intake. CLINICAL MEASURES Computed tomography scans at baseline for hepatic attenuation. Fasting serum specimens at baseline and after 5 years. Lipidomics: LC-MS-based analysis of 19 known ceramide signals. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Linear and logistic regression models of log-transformed ceramides, hepatic attenuation and glucose adjusted for age, sex, calories, study site, BMI, exercise, diet quality, alcohol, saturated fat, lipid-lowering medications and fasting glucose. RESULTS Average age was 55 years, 44% were women, mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m2, and 8% had NAFLD. In adjusted models, Cer(d16:1/20:0) and Cer(d18:1/18:0) were associated with lower mean hepatic attenuation (increased liver fat) (β -4.29; 95% CI [-5.98, -2.59]) and (β -3.40; 95% CI [-5.11, -1.70]), and LacCer(d18:1/16:0) with higher attenuation (β 4.44; 95% CI [2.15, 6.73]). All three ceramides partially mediated the relationship between hepatic attenuation and fasting glucose by 16%, 11% and 5%, respectively, after 5-years. CONCLUSIONS Three circulating ceramides were strongly associated with NAFLD and fasting glucose after 5 years, and partially mediated this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320, United States.
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, MSB, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, IRDB Building 5th Floor, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, IRDB Building 5th Floor, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320, United States
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Mehta R, Chekmeneva E, Jackson H, Sands C, Mills E, Arancon D, Li HK, Arkell P, Rawson TM, Hammond R, Amran M, Haber A, Cooke GS, Noursadeghi M, Kaforou M, Lewis MR, Takats Z, Sriskandan S. Antiviral metabolite 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine is detectable in serum and identifies acute viral infections including COVID-19. MED 2022; 3:204-215.e6. [PMID: 35128501 PMCID: PMC8801973 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need for rapid viral infection diagnostics to enable prompt case identification in pandemic settings and support targeted antimicrobial prescribing. METHODS Using untargeted high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we compared the admission serum metabolome of emergency department patients with viral infections (including COVID-19), bacterial infections, inflammatory conditions, and healthy controls. Sera from an independent cohort of emergency department patients admitted with viral or bacterial infections underwent profiling to validate findings. Associations between whole-blood gene expression and the identified metabolite of interest were examined. FINDINGS 3'-Deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine (ddhC), a free base of the only known human antiviral small molecule ddhC-triphosphate (ddhCTP), was detected for the first time in serum. When comparing 60 viral with 101 non-viral cases in the discovery cohort, ddhC was the most significantly differentially abundant metabolite, generating an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.954 (95% CI: 0.923-0.986). In the validation cohort, ddhC was again the most significantly differentially abundant metabolite when comparing 40 viral with 40 bacterial cases, generating an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.708-0.915). Transcripts of viperin and CMPK2, enzymes responsible for ddhCTP synthesis, were among the five genes most highly correlated with ddhC abundance. CONCLUSIONS The antiviral precursor molecule ddhC is detectable in serum and an accurate marker for acute viral infection. Interferon-inducible genes viperin and CMPK2 are implicated in ddhC production in vivo. These findings highlight a future diagnostic role for ddhC in viral diagnosis, pandemic preparedness, and acute infection management. FUNDING NIHR Imperial BRC; UKRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mehta
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heather Jackson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ewurabena Mills
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ho Kwong Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Arkell
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Timothy M. Rawson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1 E6BT, UK
| | - Robert Hammond
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Maisarah Amran
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna Haber
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Graham S. Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1 E6BT, UK
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shiranee Sriskandan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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34
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Hudson AD, Kauffman AS. Metabolic actions of kisspeptin signaling: Effects on body weight, energy expenditure, and feeding. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107974. [PMID: 34530008 PMCID: PMC8884343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) and its receptor, KISS1R (encoded by the Kiss1r gene), have well-established roles in stimulating reproduction via central actions on reproductive neural circuits, but recent evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling also influences metabolism and energy balance. Indeed, both Kiss1 and Kiss1r are expressed in many metabolically-relevant peripheral tissues, including both white and brown adipose tissue, the liver, and the pancreas, suggesting possible actions on these tissues or involvement in their physiology. In addition, there may be central actions of kisspeptin signaling, or factors co-released from kisspeptin neurons, that modulate metabolic, feeding, or thermoregulatory processes. Accumulating data from animal models suggests that kisspeptin signaling regulates a wide variety of metabolic parameters, including body weight and energy expenditure, adiposity and adipose tissue function, food intake, glucose metabolism, respiratory rates, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation. Herein, the current evidence for the involvement of kisspeptin signaling in each of these physiological parameters is reviewed, gaps in knowledge identified, and future avenues of important research highlighted. Collectively, the discussed findings highlight emerging non-reproductive actions of kisspeptin signaling in metabolism and energy balance, in addition to previously documented roles in reproductive control, but also emphasize the need for more research to resolve current controversies and uncover underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Hudson
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
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35
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Jones B, Sands C, Alexiadou K, Minnion J, Tharakan G, Behary P, Ahmed AR, Purkayastha S, Lewis MR, Bloom S, Li JV, Tan TM. The Metabolomic Effects of Tripeptide Gut Hormone Infusion Compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Caloric Restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e767-e782. [PMID: 34460933 PMCID: PMC8764224 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The gut-derived peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and peptide YY (PYY) are regulators of energy intake and glucose homeostasis and are thought to contribute to the glucose-lowering effects of bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE To establish the metabolomic effects of a combined infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY (tripeptide GOP) in comparison to a placebo infusion, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). DESIGN AND SETTING Subanalysis of a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of GOP infusion (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01945840), including VLCD and RYGB comparator groups. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Twenty-five obese patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes were randomly allocated to receive a 4-week subcutaneous infusion of GOP (n = 14) or 0.9% saline control (n = 11). An additional 22 patients followed a VLCD, and 21 underwent RYGB surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma and urine samples collected at baseline and 4 weeks into each intervention were subjected to cross-platform metabolomic analysis, followed by unsupervised and supervised modeling approaches to identify similarities and differences between the effects of each intervention. RESULTS Aside from glucose, very few metabolites were affected by GOP, contrasting with major metabolomic changes seen with VLCD and RYGB. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with GOP provides a powerful glucose-lowering effect but does not replicate the broader metabolomic changes seen with VLCD and RYGB. The contribution of these metabolomic changes to the clinical benefits of RYGB remains to be elucidated.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Caloric Restriction/methods
- Caloric Restriction/statistics & numerical data
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Female
- Gastric Bypass/methods
- Gastric Bypass/statistics & numerical data
- Gastrointestinal Hormones/administration & dosage
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Infusions, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Metabolomics/statistics & numerical data
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Morbid/blood
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/therapy
- Obesity, Morbid/urine
- Oxyntomodulin/administration & dosage
- Peptide YY/administration & dosage
- Single-Blind Method
- Treatment Outcome
- Weight Loss
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kleopatra Alexiadou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Minnion
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George Tharakan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Preeshila Behary
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed R Ahmed
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Purkayastha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jia V Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tricia M Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Correspondence: Tricia M. Tan, MB, ChB, BSc, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath, 6th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK.
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36
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Santos BR, dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, Barbosa EM, Mendonça LD, Santos EO, de Macedo IO, de Lavor MSL, Szawka RE, Serakides R, Silva JF. Kisspeptin treatment improves fetal-placental development and blocks placental oxidative damage caused by maternal hypothyroidism in an experimental rat model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908240. [PMID: 35966095 PMCID: PMC9365946 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with fetal growth restriction, placental dysfunction, and reduced kisspeptin/Kiss1R at the maternal-fetal interface. Kisspeptin affects trophoblastic migration and has antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin in the fetal-placental dysfunction of hypothyroid Wistar rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of propylthiouracil. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) treatment was performed every other day or daily beginning on day 8 of gestation. Feto-placental development, placental histomorphometry, and expression levels of growth factors (VEGF, PLGF, IGF1, IGF2, and GLUT1), hormonal (Dio2) and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL10, and IL6), markers of hypoxia (HIF1α) and oxidative damage (8-OHdG), antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, Cat, and GPx1), and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediators (ATF4, GRP78, and CHOP) were evaluated on day 18 of gestation. Daily treatment with Kp-10 increased free T3 and T4 levels and improved fetal weight. Both treatments reestablished the glycogen cell population in the junctional zone. Daily treatment with Kp-10 increased the gene expression levels of Plgf, Igf1, and Glut1 in the placenta of hypothyroid animals, in addition to blocking the increase in 8-OHdG and increasing protein and/or mRNA expression levels of SOD1, Cat, and GPx1. Daily treatment with Kp-10 did not alter the higher protein expression levels of VEGF, HIF1α, IL10, GRP78, and CHOP caused by hypothyroidism in the junctional zone compared to control, nor the lower expression of Dio2 caused by hypothyroidism. However, in the labyrinth zone, this treatment restored the expression of VEGF and IL10 and reduced the GRP78 and CHOP immunostaining. These findings demonstrate that daily treatment with Kp-10 improves fetal development and placental morphology in hypothyroid rats, blocks placental oxidative damage, and increases the expression of growth factors and antioxidant enzymes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macedo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Emilly Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Isabella Oliveira de Macedo
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Mário Sergio Lima de Lavor
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rogeria Serakides
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Juneo Freitas Silva,
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37
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Dana P, Hayati Roodbari N, Yaghmaei P, Hajebrahimi Z. Effects of empagliflozin on the expression of kisspeptin gene and reproductive system function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1059942. [PMID: 36479221 PMCID: PMC9719967 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main health concerns of diabetes is testicular dysfunction and impairment of reproductive function and sperm quality which can cause male infertility. kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and reproductive function. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of empagliflozin (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors) on kisspeptin expression along with reproductive function were investigated in diabetic male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Empagliflozin in doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight was used for 8 weeks. Serum samples, testis, epididymis, and pancreas tissues were collected at the end of the experiments. Lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers, blood hormones, expression of kisspeptin along with pathological alterations of the testis were assayed using real-time PCR, biochemical, and histological technics. Data have shown that empagliflozin improved hyperglycemia, reproductive impairment, oxidative stress condition, and histopathological alterations of pancreatic and testis tissues in diabetic animals. It improved the serum levels of sex hormones, insulin, leptin, and the expression of kisspeptin in the testes tissues. Spermatogenesis is also improved in treated animals. Data indicated that the administration of empagliflozin can ameliorate symptoms of diabetes. It probably has promising antidiabetic potential and may improve the male infertility of diabetic subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence for the potential impact of empagliflozin on kisspeptin expression in diabetic male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dana
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Nasim Hayati Roodbari,
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- A&S Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Pruski P, Correia GDS, Lewis HV, Capuccini K, Inglese P, Chan D, Brown RG, Kindinger L, Lee YS, Smith A, Marchesi J, McDonald JAK, Cameron S, Alexander-Hardiman K, David AL, Stock SJ, Norman JE, Terzidou V, Teoh TG, Sykes L, Bennett PR, Takats Z, MacIntyre DA. Direct on-swab metabolic profiling of vaginal microbiome host interactions during pregnancy and preterm birth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5967. [PMID: 34645809 PMCID: PMC8514602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnancy vaginal microbiome contributes to risk of preterm birth, the primary cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Here we describe direct on-swab metabolic profiling by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) for sample preparation-free characterisation of the cervicovaginal metabolome in two independent pregnancy cohorts (VMET, n = 160; 455 swabs; VMET II, n = 205; 573 swabs). By integrating metataxonomics and immune profiling data from matched samples, we show that specific metabolome signatures can be used to robustly predict simultaneously both the composition of the vaginal microbiome and host inflammatory status. In these patients, vaginal microbiota instability and innate immune activation, as predicted using DESI-MS, associated with preterm birth, including in women receiving cervical cerclage for preterm birth prevention. These findings highlight direct on-swab metabolic profiling by DESI-MS as an innovative approach for preterm birth risk stratification through rapid assessment of vaginal microbiota-host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pruski
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holly V Lewis
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katia Capuccini
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Denise Chan
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G Brown
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay Kindinger
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yun S Lee
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann Smith
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Cameron
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kate Alexander-Hardiman
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Stock
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane E Norman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vasso Terzidou
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T G Teoh
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lynne Sykes
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - David A MacIntyre
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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39
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Fang P, She Y, Zhao J, Yan J, Yu X, Jin Y, Wei Q, Zhang Z, Shang W. Emerging roles of kisspeptin/galanin in age-related metabolic disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111571. [PMID: 34517021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. There is an unprecedented rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes in recent decades. A convincing majority of brain-gut peptides are associated with a higher risk to develop metabolic disorders, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of age-related metabolic diseases. Accumulating basic studies revealed an intriguing role of kisspeptin and galanin involved in the amelioration of insulin resistance in different ways. In patients suffered from obesity and diabetes a significant, sex-related changes in the plasma kisspeptin and galanin levels occurred. Kisspeptin is anorexigenic to prevent obesity, its level is negatively correlative with obesity and insulin resistance. While galanin is appetitive to stimulate food intake and body weight, its level is positively correlative with obesity, HOMA-IR and glucose/triglyceride concentration. In turn, kisspeptin and galanin also distinctly increase glucose uptake and utilization as well as energy expenditure. This article reviews recent evidence dealing with the role of kisspeptin and galanin in the pathophysiology of age-related metabolic diseases. It should be therefore taken into account that the targeted modulation of those peptidergic signaling may be potentially helpful in the future treatment of age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Minister of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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40
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Padthaisong S, Phetcharaburanin J, Klanrit P, Li JV, Namwat N, Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Jarearnrat A, Wangwiwatsin A, Mahalapbutr P, Loilome W. Integration of global metabolomics and lipidomics approaches reveals the molecular mechanisms and the potential biomarkers for postoperative recurrence in early-stage cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:30. [PMID: 34348794 PMCID: PMC8335966 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcioma (CCA) treatment is challenging because most of the patients are diagnosed when the disease is advanced, and cancer recurrence is the main problem after treatment, leading to low survival rates. Therefore, our understanding of the mechanism underlying CCA recurrence is essential in order to prevent CCA recurrence and improve patient outcomes. Methods We performed 1H-NMR and UPLC-MS-based metabolomics on the CCA serum. The differential metabolites were further analyzed using pathway analysis and potential biomarker identification. Results At an early stage, the metabolites involved in energy metabolisms, such as pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle, are downregulated, while most lipids, including TGs, PCs, PEs, and PAs, are upregulated in recurrence patients. This metabolic feature has been described in cancer stem-like cell (CSC) metabolism. In addition, the CSC markers CD44v6 and CD44v8-10 are associated with CD36 (a protein involved in lipid uptake) as well as with recurrence-free survival. We also found that citrate, sarcosine, succinate, creatine, creatinine and pyruvate, and TGs have good predictive values for CCA recurrence. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the possible molecular mechanisms underlying CCA recurrence, and these may associate with the existence of CSCs. The metabolic change involved in the recurrence pathway might be used to determine biomarkers for predicting CCA recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00266-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Padthaisong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Jarearnrat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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41
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Trovato FM, Zia R, Napoli S, Wolfer K, Huang X, Morgan PE, Husbyn H, Elgosbi M, Lucangeli M, Miquel R, Wilson I, Heaton ND, Heneghan MA, Auzinger G, Antoniades CG, Wendon JA, Patel VC, Coen M, Triantafyllou E, McPhail MJ. Dysregulation of the Lysophosphatidylcholine/Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Is Associated With Mortality and Systemic Inflammation by Lysophosphatidic Acid-Dependent Monocyte Activation. Hepatology 2021; 74:907-925. [PMID: 33908067 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by systemic inflammation, monocyte dysfunction, and susceptibility to infection. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are immune-active lipids whose metabolic regulation and effect on monocyte function in ACLF is open for study. APPROACHES & RESULTS Three hundred forty-two subjects were recruited and characterized for blood lipid, cytokines, phospholipase (PLA), and autotaxin (ATX) concentration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD14+ monocytes were cultured with LPC, or its autotaxin (ATX)-derived product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), with or without lipopolysaccharide stimulation and assessed for surface marker phenotype, cytokines production, ATX and LPA-receptor expression, and phagocytosis. Hepatic ATX expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Healthy volunteers and patients with sepsis or acute liver failure served as controls. ACLF serum was depleted in LPCs with up-regulated LPA levels. Patients who died had lower LPC levels than survivors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94; P < 0.001). Patients with high-grade ACLF had the lowest LPC concentrations and these rose over the first 3 days of admission. ATX concentrations were higher in patients with AD and ACLF and correlated with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Consortium on Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and LPC/LPA concentrations. Reduction in LPC correlated with higher monocyte Mer-tyrosine-kinase (MerTK) and CD163 expression. Plasma ATX concentrations rose dynamically during ACLF evolution, correlating with IL-6 and TNF-α, and were associated with increased hepatocyte ATX expression. ACLF patients had lower human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype and higher CD163/MerTK monocyte expression than controls; both CD163/MerTK expression levels were reduced in ACLF ex vivo following LPA, but not LPC, treatment. LPA induced up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines by CD14+ cells without increasing phagocytic capacity. CONCLUSIONS ATX up-regulation in ACLF promotes LPA production from LPC. LPA suppresses MerTK/CD163 expression and increases monocyte proinflammatory cytokine production. This metabolic pathway could be investigated to therapeutically reprogram monocytes in ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Rabiya Zia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kate Wolfer
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Hannah Husbyn
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Marwa Elgosbi
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK
| | - Manuele Lucangeli
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | | | - Georg Auzinger
- Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Julia A Wendon
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Vishal C Patel
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK.,Oncology SafetyClinical Pharmacology & Safety SciencesR&D, Astra ZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Mark J McPhail
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunity and Microbial SciencesKings College LondonUK.,Institute of Liver StudiesKings College HospitalLondonUK
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Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment Decreases Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in GH-Deficient Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143054. [PMID: 34300220 PMCID: PMC8306252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and growth hormone (GH)-deficiency are consistent features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Centrally, kisspeptin is involved in regulating reproductive function and can stimulate hypothalamic hormones such as GH. Peripherally, kisspeptin signaling influences energy and metabolic status. We evaluated the effect of 12-month GH treatment on plasma kisspeptin levels in 27 GH-deficient adult PWS patients and analyzed its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric changes. Twenty-seven matched obese subjects and 22 healthy subjects were also studied. Before treatment, plasma kisspeptin concentrations in PWS and obese subjects were similar (140.20 (23.5-156.8) pg/mL vs. 141.96 (113.9-165.6) pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.979)) and higher (p = 0.019) than in healthy subjects (124.58 (107.3-139.0) pg/mL); plasma leptin concentrations were similar in PWS and obese subjects (48.15 (28.80-67.10) ng/mL vs. 33.10 (20.50-67.30) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.152) and higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy subjects (14.80 (11.37-67.30) ng/mL). After GH therapy, lean body mass increased 2.1% (p = 0.03), total fat mass decreased 1.6% (p = 0.005), and plasma kisspeptin decreased to levels observed in normal-weight subjects (125.1(106.2-153.4) pg/mL, p = 0.027). BMI and leptin levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, 12-month GH therapy improved body composition and decreased plasma kisspeptin in GH deficient adults with PWS. All data are expressed in median (interquartile range).
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43
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Izzi-Engbeaya C, Dhillo WS. Emerging roles for kisspeptin in metabolism. J Physiol 2021; 600:1079-1088. [PMID: 33977536 DOI: 10.1113/jp281712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide hormone, has been firmly established as a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and mammalian reproductive behaviour. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged suggesting a role for kisspeptin in regulating metabolic processes. This data suggest that kisspeptin exerts its metabolic effects indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, pancreas and brown adipose tissue. Kisspeptin receptor knockout studies indicate that kisspeptin may play sexually dimorphic roles in the physiological regulation of energy expenditure, food intake and body weight. Some, but not all, in vitro work demonstrates positive effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which is more marked at higher kisspeptin concentrations. Acute and chronic in vivo rodent, non-human primate and human studies reveal enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in response to pharmacological doses of kisspeptin. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the metabolic effects of kisspeptin, further mechanistic work and translational studies are required to address unanswered questions and establish the metabolic effects of kisspeptin in diverse human populations (including women, people with obesity and people with diabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology & Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology & Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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44
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Cunha DL, Richardson R, Tracey-White D, Abbouda A, Mitsios A, Horneffer-van der Sluis V, Takis P, Owen N, Skinner J, Welch AA, Moosajee M. REP1 deficiency causes systemic dysfunction of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in choroideremia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146934. [PMID: 33755601 PMCID: PMC8262314 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in CHM, encoding for Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Loss of functional REP1 leads to the accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins and defective intracellular protein trafficking, the putative cause for photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroidal degeneration. CHM is ubiquitously expressed, but adequate prenylation is considered to be achieved, outside the retina, through the isoform REP2. Recently, the possibility of systemic features in CHM has been debated; therefore, in this study, whole metabolomic analysis of plasma samples from 25 CHM patients versus age- and sex-matched controls was performed. Results showed plasma alterations in oxidative stress-related metabolites, coupled with alterations in tryptophan metabolism, leading to significantly raised serotonin levels. Lipid metabolism was disrupted with decreased branched fatty acids and acylcarnitines, suggestive of dysfunctional lipid oxidation, as well as imbalances of several sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. Targeted lipidomics of the chmru848 zebrafish provided further evidence for dysfunction, with the use of fenofibrate over simvastatin circumventing the prenylation pathway to improve the lipid profile and increase survival. This study provides strong evidence for systemic manifestations of CHM and proposes potentially novel pathomechanisms and targets for therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lima Cunha
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Richardson
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Abbouda
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Panteleimon Takis
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Skinner
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa A. Welch
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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45
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Prediction of response of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using serum lipidomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7266. [PMID: 33790392 PMCID: PMC8012618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a common first-line treatment for new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, MTX is ineffective for 30–40% of patients and there is no way to know which patients might benefit. Here, we built statistical models based on serum lipid levels measured at two time-points (pre-treatment and following 4 weeks on-drug) to investigate if MTX response (by 6 months) could be predicted. Patients about to commence MTX treatment for the first time were selected from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study (RAMS). Patients were categorised as good or non-responders following 6 months on-drug using EULAR response criteria. Serum lipids were measured using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and supervised machine learning methods (including regularized regression, support vector machine and random forest) were used to predict EULAR response. Models including lipid levels were compared to models including clinical covariates alone. The best performing classifier including lipid levels (assessed at 4 weeks) was constructed using regularized regression (ROC AUC 0.61 ± 0.02). However, the clinical covariate based model outperformed the classifier including lipid levels when either pre- or on-treatment time-points were investigated (ROC AUC 0.68 ± 0.02). Pre- or early-treatment serum lipid profiles are unlikely to inform classification of MTX response by 6 months with performance adequate for use in RA clinical management.
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46
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Yang L, Demetriou L, Wall MB, Mills EG, Wing VC, Thurston L, Schaufelberger CN, Owen BM, Abbara A, Rabiner EA, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. The Effects of Kisspeptin on Brain Response to Food Images and Psychometric Parameters of Appetite in Healthy Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1837-e1848. [PMID: 33075807 PMCID: PMC7993584 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hormone kisspeptin has crucial and well-characterized roles in reproduction. Emerging data from animal models also suggest that kisspeptin has important metabolic effects including modulation of food intake. However, to date there have been no studies exploring the effects of kisspeptin on brain responses to food stimuli in humans. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the effects of kisspeptin administration on brain responses to visual food stimuli and psychometric parameters of appetite, in healthy men. DESIGN A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 27 healthy, right-handed, eugonadal men (mean ± SEM: age 26.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass index 23.9 ± 0.4 kg/m2). INTERVENTION Participants received an intravenous infusion of 1 nmol/kg/h of kisspeptin or rate-matched vehicle over 75 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurements included change in brain activity on functional magnetic resonance imaging in response to visual food stimuli and change in psychometric parameters of appetite, during kisspeptin administration compared to vehicle. RESULTS Kisspeptin administration at a bioactive dose did not affect brain responses to visual food stimuli or psychometric parameters of appetite compared to vehicle. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in humans investigating the effects of kisspeptin on brain regions regulating appetite and demonstrates that peripheral administration of kisspeptin does not alter brain responses to visual food stimuli or psychometric parameters of appetite in healthy men. These data provide key translational insights to further our understanding of the interaction between reproduction and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Edouard G Mills
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria C Wing
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Layla Thurston
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bryn M Owen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexander N Comninos
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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47
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Pérez-López FR, Ornat L, López-Baena MT, Santabárbara J, Savirón-Cornudella R, Pérez-Roncero GR. Circulating kisspeptin and anti-müllerian hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 260:85-98. [PMID: 33744505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding circulating kisspeptin and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in adolescents and women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD We performed a comprehensive literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies evaluating circulating kisspeptin levels in women with and without PCOS published until September 24th, 2020. Co-primary outcomes were the HOMA-IR index and AMH. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used to estimate outcomes, and effects reported as mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) and their 95 % confidence interval (CI). The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42020205030. RESULTS We evaluated 18 studies including, 1282 PCOS cases and 977 controls. Participants with PCOS were younger (MD = -2.38 years, 95 %CI -4.32 to -0.44), with higher BMI (MD = 1.16, 95 % CI 0.54-1.78), waist-to-hip ratio (MD = 0.04, 95 %CI 0.02 to 0.05), circulating kisspeptin (SMD = 1.15, 95 %CI 0.68-1.62), luteinizing hormone (SMD = 1.29, 95 %CI 0.76-1.83), AMH (SMD = 0.97, 95 %CI 0.60-1,34), total testosterone (SMD = 2.48, 95 %CI 1.73-3.23), free testosterone (SMD = 1.37, 95 %CI 0.56-2.17), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (SMD = 0.72, 95 %CI 0.32-1.13) levels, and Ferriman-Gallwey score (SMD = 5.08, 95 %CI 2.76-7.39), and lower sex hormone-binding globulin level (SMD = -1.34, 95 %CI -2.15 to -0.52). Besides, participants with PCOS had higher HOMA-IR index (SMD = 0.76, 95 %CI 0.35-1.17), and circulating insulin (SMD = 0.75, 95 %CI 0.30-1.19), leptin (SMD = 2.82, 95 %CI 1.35-4.29), and triglycerides (SMD = 2.15, 95 %CI 1.08-3.23) levels than participants without the syndrome. The meta-regression did not identify significant factors influencing circulating kisspeptin. CONCLUSION Patients with PCOS showed higher kisspeptin, LH, insulin, AMH, and androgen levels and HOMA-IR index, and lower sex hormone-binding globulin levels than those without the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain; Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
| | - Lía Ornat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | | | - Javier Santabárbara
- Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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Gadgil MD, Kanaya AM, Sands C, Lewis MR, Kandula NR, Herrington DM. Circulating metabolites and lipids are associated with glycaemic measures in South Asians. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14494. [PMID: 33617033 PMCID: PMC8115216 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are at higher risk for diabetes (DM) than many other racial/ethnic groups. Circulating metabolites are measurable products of metabolic processes that may explain the aetiology of elevated risk. We characterized metabolites associated with prevalent DM and glycaemic measures in South Asians. METHODS We included 717 participants from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study, aged 40-84 years. We used baseline fasting serum for metabolomics and demographic, behavioural, glycaemic data from baseline and at 5 years. We performed LC-MS untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis with targeted integration of known signals. Individual linear and ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diet, exercise, alcohol, smoking and family history of DM followed by elastic net regression to identify metabolites most associated with the outcome. RESULTS There were 258 metabolites with detectable signal in >98% of samples. Thirty-four metabolites were associated with prevalent DM in an elastic net model. Predominant metabolites associated with DM were sphingomyelins, proline (OR 15.86; 95% CI 4.72, 53.31) and betaine (OR 0.03; 0.004, 0.14). Baseline tri- and di-acylglycerols [DG (18:0/16:0) (18.36; 11.79, 24.92)] were positively associated with fasting glucose and long-chain acylcarnitines [CAR 26:1 (-0.40; -0.54, -0.27)] were inversely associated with prevalent DM and HbA1c at follow-up. DISCUSSION A metabolomic signature in South Asians may help determine the unique aetiology of diabetes in this high-risk ethnic group. Future work will externally validate our findings and determine the effects of modifiable risk factors for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D. Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; 1545 Divisadero Street, Suite 320, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320
| | - Caroline Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, IRDB Building 5th Floor, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, IRDB Building 5th Floor, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Rubloff Building 10th Floor 750 N Lake Shore Chicago IL 60611
| | - David M. Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Franssen D, Barroso A, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, García-Galiano D, Castellano JM, Onieva R, Ruiz-Cruz M, Poutanen M, Gaytán F, Diéguez C, Pinilla L, Lopez M, Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in GnRH neurons links energy status and reproduction. Metabolism 2021; 115:154460. [PMID: 33285180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction is tightly coupled to body energy and metabolic status. GnRH neurons, master elements and final output pathway for the brain control of reproduction, directly or indirectly receive and integrate multiple metabolic cues to regulate reproductive function. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of such phenomenon remain largely unfolded. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the fundamental cellular sensor that becomes activated in conditions of energy deficit, has been recently shown to participate in the control of Kiss1 neurons, essential gatekeepers of the reproductive axis, by driving an inhibitory valence in situations of energy scarcity at puberty. However, the contribution of AMPK signaling specifically in GnRH neurons to the metabolic control of reproduction remains unknown. METHODS Double immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to evaluate expression of active (phosphorylated) AMPK in GnRH neurons and a novel mouse line, named GAMKO, with conditional ablation of the AMPK α1 subunit in GnRH neurons, was generated. GAMKO mice of both sexes were subjected to reproductive characterization, with attention to puberty and gonadotropic responses to kisspeptin and metabolic stress. RESULTS A vast majority (>95%) of GnRH neurons co-expressed pAMPK. Female (but not male) GAMKO mice displayed earlier puberty onset and exaggerated LH (as surrogate marker of GnRH) responses to kisspeptin-10 at the prepubertal age. In adulthood, GAMKO females retained increased LH responsiveness to kisspeptin and showed partial resilience to the inhibitory effects of conditions of negative energy balance on the gonadotropic axis. The modulatory role of AMPK in GnRH neurons required preserved ovarian function, since the differences in LH pulsatility detected between GAMKO and control mice subjected to fasting were abolished in ovariectomized animals. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data document a sex-biased, physiological role of AMPK signaling in GnRH neurons, as molecular conduit of the inhibitory actions of conditions of energy deficit on the female reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Onieva
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - F Gaytán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Lopez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Mills EG, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Abbara A, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:97-113. [PMID: 33273729 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin and their pathophysiological roles are increasingly the subject of investigation. Evidence suggests that these bioactive peptides play a role in the regulation of metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, energy homeostasis, mood and behaviour in several species, including zebrafish, rodents and humans. Galanin signalling suppresses insulin secretion in animal models (but not in humans), is potently obesogenic and plays putative roles governing certain evolutionary behaviours and mood modulation. Spexin decreases insulin secretion and has potent anorectic, analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressive-like effects in animal models. Kisspeptin modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, food intake and/or energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Furthermore, kisspeptin is implicated in the control of reproductive behaviour in animals, modulation of human sexual and emotional brain processing, and has antidepressive and fear-suppressing effects. In addition, galanin-like peptide is a further member of the galaninergic family that plays emerging key roles in metabolism and behaviour. Therapeutic interventions targeting galanin, spexin and/or kisspeptin signalling pathways could therefore contribute to the treatment of conditions ranging from obesity to mood disorders. However, many gaps and controversies exist, which must be addressed before the therapeutic potential of these bioactive peptides can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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