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Hu J, Li H, Wang X, Cheng H, Zhu G, Yang S. Novel mechanisms of Anshen Dingzhi prescription against PTSD: Inhibiting DCC to modulate synaptic function and inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118425. [PMID: 38848974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anshen Dingzhi prescription (ADP), documented in "Yi Xue Xin Wu", is a famous prescription for treating panic-related mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which ADP intervened in PTSD-like behaviors. METHODS A mouse model of single prolonged stress (SPS) was established to evaluate the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of ADP on PTSD. Behavioral tests were used to assess PTSD-like behaviors in mice; transmission electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses, and western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to detect the expression of hippocampal deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and downstream Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) - P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signal, as well as levels of synaptic proteins and inflammatory factors. Molecular docking technology simulated the binding of potential brain-penetrating components of ADP to DCC. RESULTS SPS induced PTSD-like behaviors in mice and increased expression of hippocampal netrin-1 (NT-1) and DCC on the 14th day post-modeling, with concurrent elevation in serum NT-1 levels. Simultaneously, SPS also decreased p-Rac1 level and increased p-PAK1 level, the down-stream molecules of DCC. Lentiviral overexpression of DCC induced or exacerbated PTSD-like behaviors in control and SPS mice, respectively, whereas neutralization antibody against NT-1 reduced DCC activation and ameliorated PTSD-like behaviors in SPS mice. Interestingly, downstream Rac1-PAK1 signal was altered according to DCC expression. Moreover, DCC overexpression down-regulated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2A (GluN2A) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), up-regulated NMDA receptor 2B (GluN2B) and increased neuroinflammatory responses. Administration of ADP (36.8 mg/kg) improved PTSD-like behaviors in the SPS mice, suppressed hippocampal DCC, and downstream Rac1-PAK1 signal, upregulated GluN2A and PSD95, downregulated GluN2B, and reduced levels of inflammatory factors NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, DCC overexpression could also reduce the ameliorative effect of ADP on PTSD. Additionally, DCC demonstrated a favorable molecular docking pattern with the potential brain-penetrating components of ADP, further suggesting DCC as a potential target of ADP. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DCC is a key target for the regulation of synaptic function and inflammatory response in the onset of PTSD, and ADP likely reduces DCC to prevent PTSD via modulating downstream Rac1-PAK1 pathway. This study provides a novel mechanism for the onset of PTSD and warrants the clinical application of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Hu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Haipeng Li
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Hongliang Cheng
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Shaojie Yang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
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Rojczyk P, Seitz-Holland J, Heller C, Marcolini S, Marshall AD, Sydnor VJ, Kaufmann E, Jung LB, Bonke EM, Berger L, Umminger LF, Wiegand TLT, Cho KIK, Rathi Y, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Hinds SR, Fortier CB, Salat D, Milberg WP, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Posttraumatic survivor guilt is associated with white matter microstructure alterations. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:768-777. [PMID: 38897303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly experience posttraumatic guilt. Guilt over commission or omission evolves when responsibility is assumed for an unfortunate outcome (e.g., the death of a fellow combatant). Survivor guilt is a state of intense emotional distress experienced by the weight of knowing that one survived while others did not. METHODS This study of the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) analyzed structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 132 male Iraq/Afghanistan veterans with PTSD. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) was employed to classify guilt. Thirty (22.7 %) veterans experienced guilt over acts of commission or omission, 34 (25.8 %) experienced survivor guilt, and 68 (51.5 %) had no posttraumatic guilt. White matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy, FA), cortical thickness, and cortical volume were compared between veterans with guilt over acts of commission or omission, veterans with survivor guilt, and veterans without guilt. RESULTS Veterans with survivor guilt had significantly lower white matter FA compared to veterans who did not experience guilt (p < .001), affecting several regions of major white matter fiber bundles. There were no significant differences in white matter FA, cortical thickness, or volumes between veterans with guilt over acts of commission or omission and veterans without guilt (p > .050). LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study with exclusively male veterans precludes inferences of causality between the studied variables and generalizability to the larger veteran population that includes women. CONCLUSION Survivor guilt may be a particularly impactful form of posttraumatic guilt that requires specific treatment efforts targeting brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine Rojczyk
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carina Heller
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Partner Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofia Marcolini
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy D Marshall
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard B Jung
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M Bonke
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Berger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa F Umminger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim L T Wiegand
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Bonomi R, Hillmer AT, Woodcock E, Bhatt S, Rusowicz A, Angarita GA, Carson RE, Davis MT, Esterlis I, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH, Cosgrove KP. Microglia-mediated neuroimmune suppression in PTSD is associated with anhedonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406005121. [PMID: 39172786 PMCID: PMC11363315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406005121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic brain immune function in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder is rarely studied, despite evidence of peripheral immune dysfunction. Positron emission tomography brain imaging using the radiotracer [11C]PBR28 was used to measure the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a microglial marker, at baseline and 3 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent immune activator. Data were acquired in 15 individuals with PTSD and 15 age-matched controls. The PTSD group exhibited a significantly lower magnitude LPS-induced increase in TSPO availability in an a priori prefrontal-limbic circuit compared to controls. Greater anhedonic symptoms in the PTSD group were associated with a more suppressed neuroimmune response. In addition, while a reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor response to LPS was observed in the PTSD group, other measured cytokine responses and self-reported sickness symptoms did not differ between groups; these findings highlight group differences in central-peripheral immune system relationships. The results of this study provide evidence of a suppressed microglia-mediated neuroimmune response to a direct immune system insult in individuals with PTSD that is associated with the severity of symptoms. They also provide further support to an emerging literature challenging traditional concepts of microglial and immune function in psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bonomi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Eric Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Shivani Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | | | | | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
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Lim A, Pasini M, Yun S, Gill J, Koirala B. Genetic association between post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease: A scoping review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:331-348. [PMID: 39191203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with adverse long-term health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite growing evidence that PTSD is positively associated with CVD, the biological mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current state of science on the genetic association between PTSD and CVD. MATERIAL AND METHODS This scoping review identified studies from Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search terms were a combination of PTSD, CVD/CVD-related traits, and a set of genetic molecules and related terms. This review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Eligible criteria included original studies that have genetic factors related to PTSD or CVD, conducted in humans, written in English, and published between 2003 and 2023 in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS A total of twenty-three studies were included; PTSD correlated with genetic variants in CVD-related traits and gene expression in regulatory pathways contributing to CVD development. Common CVD-related traits involved in genetic associations with PTSD were inflammation, cellular aging, increased blood pressure, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress. These traits may explain potential underlying mechanisms between PTSD and CVD. Evidence of a causal relationship between the two diseases was insufficient. DISCUSSION PTSD and CVD/CVD-related traits are genetically associated. Further research is needed to comprehensively explore gene-environment interactions and the cumulative impact of behavioral and psychological factors on the pathophysiological mechanisms between PTSD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Lim
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mia Pasini
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sijung Yun
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Binu Koirala
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cavicchioli M, Santoni A, Chiappetta F, Deodato M, Di Dona G, Scalabrini A, Galli F, Ronconi L. Psychological dissociation and temporal integration/segregation across the senses: An experimental study. Conscious Cogn 2024; 124:103731. [PMID: 39096823 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
There are no studies that have experimentally tested how temporal integration/segregation of sensory inputs might be linked to the emergence of dissociative experiences and alterations of emotional functioning. Thirty-six participants completed 3 sensory integration tasks. Psychometric thresholds were estimated as indexes of temporal integration/segregation processes. We collected self-report measures of pre-task trait levels of dissociation, as well as pre- post-task changes in both dissociation and emotionality. An independent sample of 21 subjects completed a control experiment administering the Attention Network Test. Results showed: (i) a significant increase of dissociative experiences after the completion of sensory integration tasks, but not after the ANT task; (ii) that subjective thresholds predicted the emergence of dissociative states; (iii) temporal integration efforts affected positive emotionality, which was explained by the extent of task-dependent dissociative states. The present findings reveal that dissociation could be understood in terms of an imbalance between "hyper-segregation" and "hyper-integration" processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessia Santoni
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Deodato
- Psychology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Giuseppe Di Dona
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Mental Health, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Logue E, Hilsabeck RC, Melamed E. Gender differences in the associations of psychosocial trauma and acute medical stressors with immune system activation and dementia risk. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1313-1333. [PMID: 38567869 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review synthesizing the literature on differences between women and men in relationships among certain stressors associated with immune system activation and their relationship to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Method: We review the cycle of stress leading to neuroinflammation via cortisol and neurochemical alterations, cell-mediated immune system activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and how this is implicated in the development of dementia. We follow this by discussing sex differences in stress physiology and immune function. We then review the work on early life adversity (ELA) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder, acute medical stressors, and their associations with cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Throughout, we emphasize women's presentations and issues unique to women (e.g. trauma disorder prevalence). Conclusions: There is a need for more mechanistic and longitudinal studies that consider trauma accumulation, both physical and emotional, as well as a greater focus on traumas more likely to occur in women (e.g. sexual abuse), and their relationship to early cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Logue
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robin C Hilsabeck
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Parkkila MLD, Prost SG, Tripodi SJ. Compassionate Release: A Call to Social Workers. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:221-225. [PMID: 38860340 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.24.01.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the number of older people incarcerated in prisons has given rise to increased costs of correctional health care. Despite the many benefits of compassionate release, it is rarely used. Citing barriers at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels, we contend that social workers are uniquely suited to increase the number of people released through this mechanism owing to a unique knowledge and skill set. We offer eight specific strategies for how social workers can increase the use of compassionate release by working with individuals, conducting and disseminating research, and engaging in advocacy as shaped by core professional principles and values and related curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J Tripodi
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Li P, Liu L, Liu S, Lu Z, Halushka PV, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC, Wang Z, Fan H. FLI1 in PBMCs contributes to elevated inflammation in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1436690. [PMID: 39140108 PMCID: PMC11320135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1436690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with significant public health implications that arise following exposure to traumatic events. Recent studies highlight the involvement of immune dysregulation in PTSD, characterized by elevated inflammatory markers. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this immune imbalance remain unclear. Previous research has implicated friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor, in inflammatory responses in sepsis and Alzheimer's disease. Elevated FLI1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been linked to lupus severity. Yet, FLI1's role in PTSD-related inflammation remains unexplored. In our study, PBMCs were collected from Veterans with and without PTSD. We found significantly increased FLI1 expression in PBMCs from PTSD-afflicted Veterans, particularly in CD4+ T cells, with no notable changes in CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with LPS led to heightened FLI1 expression and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFNγ in PTSD PBMCs compared to controls. Knockdown of FLI1 using Gapmers in PTSD PBMCs resulted in a marked reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels, restoring them to control group levels. Additionally, co-culturing PBMCs from both control and PTSD Veterans with the human brain microglia cell line HMC3 revealed increased inflammatory mediator levels in HMC3. Remarkably, HMC3 cells co-cultured with PTSD PBMCs treated with FLI1 Gapmers exhibited significantly lower inflammatory mediator levels compared to control Gapmer-treated PTSD PBMCs. These findings suggest that suppressing FLI1 may rebalance immune activity in PBMCs and mitigate microglial activation in the brain. Such insights could provide novel therapeutic strategies for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Perry V. Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhewu Wang
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Alonso GF. Precocious puberty, pandemic and beyond. Pituitary 2024:10.1007/s11102-024-01434-8. [PMID: 39060817 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
WHO declared SARS-COVID19 a pandemic in March 2020. Most governments declared health emergency states and implemented various measures. Since then, changes in the reasons for medical consultations were observed in healthcare institutions. Pediatric endocrinologists perceived an increase in the number of consultations related to early or accelerated CPP during the months following the lockdown that different governments had established. Several papers reported the increment in incidence in Central Precocious Puberty, especially in girls. Reports from different parts of the world highlighted a two to threefold rise in the number of cases of precocious puberty treated in Pediatric Endocrinology Centers. This trend of CPP incidence strongly suggests that changes in habits and the environment in which boys and girls were immersed during the lockdown, have played a significant role in triggering the early onset of the gonadotrophic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo F Alonso
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Gary NC, Misganaw B, Hammamieh R, Gautam A. Exploring metabolomic dynamics in acute stress disorder: amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Front Genet 2024; 15:1394630. [PMID: 39119583 PMCID: PMC11306072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1394630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychiatric condition that can develop shortly after trauma exposure. Although molecular studies of ASD are only beginning, groups of metabolites have been found to be significantly altered with acute stress phenotypes in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. ASD implicated metabolites include amino acids (β-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, 5-aminovalerate, kynurenine and aspartate), ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate), lipids (cortisol, palmitoylethanomide, and N-palmitoyl taurine) and carbohydrates (glucose and mannose). Network and pathway analysis with the most prominent metabolites shows that Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-AMP response element binding (CREB) protein can be crucial players. After highlighting main recent findings on the role of metabolites in ASD, we will discuss potential future directions and challenges that need to be tackled. Overall, we aim to showcase that metabolomics present a promising opportunity to advance our understanding of ASD pathophysiology as well as the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Gary
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Burook Misganaw
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Culmen International, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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11
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Pinto JV, Hoeboer C, Hunt C, O’Toole B, Olff M. Examining the clinical validity of the global psychotrauma screen in refugees. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1394014. [PMID: 39105148 PMCID: PMC11299515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1394014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief transdiagnostic screener that covers a broad range of trauma-related disorders as well as risk factors known to influence the course of symptoms. Methods We analyzed data from African war refugees in Australia (n = 70), including the GPS, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5), the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Results Using the Youden's J Index to examine the clinical validity of the GPS subscales measuring PTSD, dissociation, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), we found that a PTSD subscale score of 3 or higher, and a depression and dissociation subscale score of 1 or higher, was optimally efficient for detecting a probable diagnosis (Youden's J = 0.76, J = 0.72, and J = 0.90, respectively) with high sensitivity and specificity. We were unable to test the GPS clinical validity for GAD due to the low GAD occurrence. The GPS resilience item was not related to the total score (r = 0.02), indicating low convergent validity for resilience. Risk factors, including current stressors and childhood trauma history, were related to more severe GPS symptom scores, while lack of resilience, social support, and history of mental illness were not. Conclusion We conclude that the GPS may be a useful screening tool for PTSD, depression, and the dissociative subtype in refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina V. Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Caroline Hunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian O’Toole
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Miranda Olff
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Yang Y, Zheng B, Lin X, Zhang M, Ye Y, Chen H, Zhou X. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with inferior preoperative and postoperative shoulder function in elderly rotator cuff tear patients. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:620. [PMID: 39033299 PMCID: PMC11265009 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is an important characteristic of sarcopenia, an increasingly recognized condition with systemic implications. However, its association with shoulder function in elderly patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between low skeletal muscle mass and shoulder function in elderly RCT patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on RCT patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans for clinical evaluation. Preoperative CT scan images of the chest were used to calculate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of thoracic muscle at the T4 level. The medical records were reviewed. Shoulder function was assessed using the ASES score and CMS score both preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Data on the preoperative range of motion (ROM) for the affected shoulder, were collected for analysis. Subgroup analyses by sex were also performed. RESULTS A total of 283 RCT patients, consisting of 95 males and 188 females, with a mean age of 66.22 ± 4.89(range, 60-95 years) years were included in this retrospective study. The low muscle mass group showed significantly higher level of c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) compared to the normal group(3.75 ± 6.64 mg/L vs. 2.17 ± 2.30 mg/L, p = 0.021; 19.08 ± 12.86 mm/H vs.15.95 ± 10.76 mm/H, p = 0.038; respectively). In the normal group, pre-operative passive ROM, including forward elevation, abduction, lateral rotation, and abductive external rotation, was significantly better than that in the low muscle mass group (127.18 ± 34.87° vs. 89.76 ± 50.61°; 119.83 ± 45.76° vs. 87.16 ± 53.32°; 37.96 ± 28.33° vs. 25.82 ± 27.82°; 47.71 ± 23.56° vs. 30.87 ± 27.76°, all p < 0.01, respectively). Similar results were found in the active ROM of the shoulder. The female low muscle mass group exhibited significantly poorer passive and active ROM (p < 0.05). The post-operative ASES scores and CMS scores of the female low muscle mass group were also statistically worse than those of the female normal group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of present study revealed that the low skeletal muscle mass is associated with inferior ROM of the shoulder and per- and post-operative shoulder function, especially for elderly female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Binbin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haixiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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13
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Xie G, Gao X, Guo Q, Liang H, Yao L, Li W, Ma B, Wu N, Han X, Li J. Cannabidiol ameliorates PTSD-like symptoms by inhibiting neuroinflammation through its action on CB2 receptors in the brain of male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:945-964. [PMID: 38759736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disease related to traumatic experience, and its treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. Accumulating research has indicated that cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits anti-PTSD effects, however, the underlying mechanism of CBD remains inadequately investigated. Although many studies pertaining to PTSD have primarily focused on aberrations in neuronal functioning, the present study aimed to elucidate the involvement and functionality of microglia/macrophages in PTSD while also investigated the modulatory effects of CBD on neuroinflammation associated with this condition. We constructed a modified single-prolonged stress (SPS) mice PTSD model and verified the PTSD-related behaviors by various behavioral tests (contextual freezing test, elevated plus maze test, tail suspension test and novel object recognition test). We observed a significant upregulation of Iba-1 and alteration of microglial/macrophage morphology within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but not the amygdala, two weeks after the PTSD-related stress, suggesting a persistent neuroinflammatory phenotype in the PTSD-modeled group. CBD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited all PTSD-related behaviors and reversed the alterations in both microglial/macrophage quantity and morphology when administered prior to behavioral assessments. We further found increased pro-inflammatory factors, decreased PSD95 expression, and impaired synaptic density in the hippocampus of the modeled group, all of which were also restored by CBD treatment. CBD dramatically increased the level of anandamide, one of the endocannabinoids, and cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) transcripts in the hippocampus compared with PTSD-modeled group. Importantly, we discovered the expression of CB2Rs mRNA in Arg-1-positive cells in vivo and found that the behavioral effects of CBD were diminished by CB2Rs antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and both the behavioral and molecular effects of CBD were abolished in CB2Rs knockout mice. These findings suggest that CBD would alleviate PTSD-like behaviors in mice by suppressing PTSD-related neuroinflammation and upregulation and activation of CB2Rs may serve as one of the underlying mechanisms for this therapeutic effect. The present study offers innovative experimental evidence supporting the utilization of CBD in PTSD treatment from the perspective of its regulation of neuroinflammation, and paves the way for leveraging the endocannabinoid system to regulate neuroinflammation as a potential therapeutic approach for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinwei Gao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingchun Guo
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haizhen Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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Avgana H, Toledano RS, Akirav I. Examining the Role of Oxytocinergic Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Markers in the Therapeutic Effects of MDMA in a Rat Model for PTSD. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:846. [PMID: 39065697 PMCID: PMC11279644 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown potential as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Preclinical studies involving rodents have demonstrated that MDMA can facilitate the extinction of fear memories. It has been noted that MDMA impacts oxytocin neurons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the role of oxytocinergic signaling and neuroinflammatory markers in the therapeutic effects of MDMA. To achieve this, male rats were subjected to a model of PTSD involving exposure to shock and situational reminders. MDMA was microinjected into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) before extinction training, followed by behavioral tests assessing activity levels, anxiety, and social function. Our findings indicate that MDMA treatment facilitated fear extinction and mitigated the shock-induced increase in freezing, as well as deficits in social behavior. Shock exposure led to altered expression of the gene coding for OXT-R and neuroinflammation in the mPFC and basolateral amygdala (BLA), which were restored by MDMA treatment. Importantly, the OXT-R antagonist L-368,899 prevented MDMA's therapeutic effects on extinction and freezing behavior. In conclusion, MDMA's therapeutic effects in the PTSD model are associated with alterations in OXT-R expression and neuroinflammation, and MDMA's effects on extinction and anxiety may be mediated by oxytocinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haron Avgana
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.A.); (R.S.T.)
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Roni Shira Toledano
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.A.); (R.S.T.)
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (H.A.); (R.S.T.)
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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15
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Zhang Y, Wei X, Zhang W, Jin F, Cao W, Yue M, Mo S. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism serves as a potential marker of body weight in patients with psychiatric disorders. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:188-202. [PMID: 38988887 PMCID: PMC11230859 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a predominant neurotrophic factor in the brain, indispensable for neuronal growth, synaptic development, neuronal repair, and hippocampal neuroplasticity. Among its genetic variants, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is widespread in the population and has been associated with the onset and aggravation of diverse pathologies, including metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, cancer, and an array of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders constitute a broad category of mental health issues that influence mood, cognition, and behavior. Despite advances in research and treatment, challenges persist that hinder our understanding and effective intervention of these multifaceted conditions. Achieving and maintaining stable body weight is pivotal for overall health and well-being, and the relationship between psychiatric conditions and body weight is notably intricate and reciprocal. Both weight gain and loss have been linked to varying mental health challenges, making the disentanglement of this relationship critical for crafting holistic treatment strategies. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism's connection to weight fluctuation in psychiatric patients has garnered attention. This review investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms by which the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates body weight among individuals with psychiatric disorders. It posits the polymorphism as a potential biomarker, offering prospects for improved monitoring and therapeutic approaches for mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Yue
- Henan Tianxing Education and Media Company, Limited, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Saijun Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Davis LL, Hamner MB. Post-traumatic stress disorder: the role of the amygdala and potential therapeutic interventions - a review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1356563. [PMID: 38903645 PMCID: PMC11187309 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder triggered by exposure to a life-threatening or sexually violent traumatic event, and is characterized by symptoms involving intrusive re-experiencing, persistent avoidance of associated stimuli, emotional and cognitive disturbances, and hyperarousal for long periods after the trauma has occurred. These debilitating symptoms induce occupational and social impairments that contribute to a significant clinical burden for PTSD patients, and substantial socioeconomic costs, reaching approximately $20,000 dollars per individual with PTSD each year in the US. Despite increased translational research focus in the field of PTSD, the development of novel, effective pharmacotherapies for its treatment remains an important unmet clinical need. Observations In this review, we summarize the evidence implicating dysfunctional activity of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of PTSD. We identify the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels as promising drug targets given their distribution in the amygdala, and evidence from animal studies demonstrating their role in fear response modulation. We discuss the evidence-based pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment approaches for PTSD. Discussion In view of the prevalence and economic burden associated with PTSD, further investigation is warranted into novel treatment approaches based on our knowledge of the involvement of brain circuitry and the role of the amygdala in PTSD, as well as the potential added value of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy to better manage PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. Davis
- Mental Health Service, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama College of Community Health Science, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Mark B. Hamner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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17
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Weggen JB, Darling AM, Autler AS, Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Richardson J, Tuzzolo G, Garten RS. Lower vascular conductance responses to handgrip exercise are improved following acute antioxidant supplementation in young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:992-1003. [PMID: 38711207 PMCID: PMC11140166 DOI: 10.1113/ep091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display peripheral vascular and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, two factors potentially stemming from a redox imbalance. It is currently unclear if these aforementioned factors, observed at rest, alter peripheral haemodynamic responses to exercise in this population. This study examined haemodynamic responses to handgrip exercise in young individuals with PTSD following acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation. Thirteen young individuals with PTSD (age 23 ± 3 years), and 13 age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL) participated in the study. Exercise-induced changes to arm blood flow (BF), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and vascular conductance (VC) were evaluated across two workloads of rhythmic handgrip exercise (3 and 6 kg). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PL) or AO prior to their visits. The PTSD group demonstrated significantly lower VC (P = 0.04) across all exercise workloads (vs. CTRL), which was significantly improved following AO supplementation. In the PTSD group, AO supplementation improved VC in participants possessing the lowest VC responses to handgrip exercise, with AO supplementation significantly improving VC responses (3 and 6 kg: P < 0.01) by blunting elevated exercise-induced MAP responses (3 kg: P = 0.01; 6 kg: P < 0.01). Lower VC responses during handgrip exercise were improved following AO supplementation in young individuals with PTSD. AO supplementation was associated with a blunting of exercise-induced MAP responses in individuals with PTSD displaying elevated MAP responses. This study revealed that young individuals with PTSD exhibit abnormal, peripherally mediated exercise responses that may be linked to a redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Ashley M. Darling
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Aaron S. Autler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Austin C. Hogwood
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Kevin P. Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Jacob Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Gina Tuzzolo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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18
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Nikolaeva M, Arefieva A, Babayan A, Aksenov V, Zhukova A, Kalinina E, Krechetova L, Sukhikh G. Stress Biomarkers Transferred Into the Female Reproductive Tract by Seminal Plasma Are Associated with ICSI Outcomes. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1732-1746. [PMID: 38393625 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether male stress is related to seminal stress biomarkers and pregnancy achievement in women exposed to their partner's seminal plasma (SP) in the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle. In this pilot prospective study, 20 couples undergoing ICSI, as well as 5 fertile sperm donors and 10 saliva donors, were investigated. Women were exposed to their partner's SP via unprotected sexual intercourse during the ICSI cycle and intravaginal application on the day of ovum pick-up (Day-OPU). Semen samples were collected from male partners by masturbation on the Day-OPU. Saliva and serum samples were collected prior to masturbation. Body fluids were frozen at - 80 °C until assayed. Biomarkers of activity of the sympathetic adrenomedullary axis (salivary alpha-amylase and adrenaline), sympathetic neural axis (noradrenaline and dopamine), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system (cortisol), and immune system (C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-18) were estimated to examine their association with SP composition and clinical pregnancy achievement. The clinical pregnancy rate was 45.0%. In the unsuccessful ICSI group, blunted levels of salivary and serum cortisol were found compared to the successful ICSI group and the fertile sperm donors. With regard to seminal markers, decreased cortisol level and elevated noradrenaline, noradrenaline/cortisol ratio, and lL-18 levels were strongly associated with ICSI failure (areas under the ROC curves were, 0.813, 0.848, 0.899, and 0.828, respectively). These findings confirm that stress response systems activity affects SP composition, which in turn is associated with ICSI outcomes in women exposed to their partner's SP during an ICSI cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolaeva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla Arefieva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Babayan
- Department of Assisted Technologies in Treatment of Infertility, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kalinina
- Department of Assisted Technologies in Treatment of Infertility, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Krechetova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- First Moscow State Medical University Named After I.M. Sechenov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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19
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Parekh SV, Adams LO, Barkell GA, Paniccia JE, Reissner KJ, Lysle DT. Dorsal hippocampal astrocytes mediate the development of heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1265-1275. [PMID: 38396195 PMCID: PMC11106136 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There is a significant co-occurrence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. However, the neurobiological mechanisms linking chronic opioid use, withdrawal, and the development of PTSD are poorly understood. Our previous research has shown that proinflammatory cytokines, expressed primarily by astrocytes in the dorsal hippocampus (DH), play a role in the development of heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning (HW-EFL), an animal model of PTSD-OUD comorbidity. Given the role of astrocytes in memory, fear learning, and opioid use, our experiments aimed to investigate their involvement in HW-EFL. Experiment 1 examined the effect of withdrawal from chronic heroin administration on GFAP surface area and volume, and identified increased surface area and volume of GFAP immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG) following 24-hour heroin withdrawal. Experiment 2 examined astrocyte morphology and synaptic interactions at the 24-hour withdrawal timepoint using an astroglial membrane-bound GFP (AAV5-GfaABC1D-lck-GFP). Although we did not detect significant changes in surface area and volume of GfaABC1D-Lck-GFP labelled astrocytes, we did observe a significant increase in the colocalization of astrocyte membranes with PSD-95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) in the DG. Experiment 3 tested if stimulating astroglial Gi signaling in the DH alters HW-EFL, and our results demonstrate this manipulation attenuates HW-EFL. Collectively, these findings contribute to our current understanding of the effects of heroin withdrawal on astrocytes and support the involvement of astrocytes in the comorbid relationship between opioid use and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lydia O Adams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Gillian A Barkell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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Humes C, Sic A, Knezevic NN. Substance P's Impact on Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Conditions-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5905. [PMID: 38892091 PMCID: PMC11172719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) plays a crucial role in pain modulation, with significant implications for major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Elevated SP levels are linked to heightened pain sensitivity and various psychiatric conditions, spurring interest in potential therapeutic interventions. In chronic pain, commonly associated with MDD and anxiety disorders, SP emerges as a key mediator in pain and emotional regulation. This review examines SP's impact on pain perception and its contributions to MDD, anxiety disorders, and PTSD. The association of SP with increased pain sensitivity and chronic pain conditions underscores its importance in pain modulation. Additionally, SP influences the pathophysiology of MDD, anxiety disorders, and PTSD, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Understanding SP's diverse effects provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying these psychiatric disorders and their treatment. Further research is essential to explore SP modulation in psychiatric disorders and develop more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Humes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (C.H.); (A.S.)
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Aleksandar Sic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (C.H.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (C.H.); (A.S.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Xu WM, Zhang HF, Feng YH, Li SJ, Xie BY. Genetically predicted fatty liver disease and risk of psychiatric disorders: A mendelian randomization study. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2359-2369. [PMID: 38765736 PMCID: PMC11099412 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) constitute the primary forms of chronic liver disease, and their incidence is progressively increasing with changes in lifestyle habits. Earlier studies have documented a correlation between the occurrence and development of prevalent mental disorders and fatty liver. AIM To investigate the correlation between fatty liver and mental disorders, thus necessitating the implementation of a mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate this association. METHODS Data on NAFLD and ArLD were retrieved from the genome-wide association studies catalog, while information on mental disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, multiple personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia was acquired from the psychiatric genomics consortium. A two-sample MR method was applied to investigate mediators in significant associations. RESULTS After excluding weak instrumental variables, a causal relationship was identified between fatty liver disease and the occurrence and development of some psychiatric disorders. Specifically, the findings indicated that ArLD was associated with a significantly elevated risk of developing ADHD (OR: 5.81, 95%CI: 5.59-6.03, P < 0.01), bipolar disorder (OR: 5.73, 95%CI: 5.42-6.05, P = 0.03), OCD (OR: 6.42, 95%CI: 5.60-7.36, P < 0.01), and PTSD (OR: 5.66, 95%CI: 5.33-6.01, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, NAFLD significantly increased the risk of developing bipolar disorder (OR: 55.08, 95%CI: 3.59-845.51, P < 0.01), OCD (OR: 61.50, 95%CI: 6.69-565.45, P < 0.01), and PTSD (OR: 52.09, 95%CI: 4.24-639.32, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Associations were found between genetic predisposition to fatty liver disease and an increased risk of a broad range of psychiatric disorders, namely bipolar disorder, OCD, and PTSD, highlighting the significance of preventive measures against psychiatric disorders in patients with fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Xu
- Department of Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Fu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Hang Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo-Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bi-Yun Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
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22
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van de Vyver M, Benecke RM, van den Heuvel L, Kruger MJ, Powrie Y, Seedat S, Smith C. Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by functional dysregulation of dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie 2024; 225:10-18. [PMID: 38719136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Incidence of mental health disorders are rising in modernity, with psychological stress linked to a propensity for developing various chronic diseases due to a relative inability of the body to counter the allostatic load on cellular level. Despite these high rates of comorbidities associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is still a lack of understanding in terms of the peripheral effects of PTSD on tissue level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to profile basal dermal fibroblast functional status in PTSD using a wide range of markers involved in the cell-to-cell communication facilitated by fibroblasts. Primary dermal fibroblasts derived from patients diagnosed with PTSD (n = 11) and matched trauma exposed controls (i.e. who did not develop PTSD, n = 10) were cultured using standard techniques. The patients and controls were matched based on age, sex, body-mass index (BMI) and lifestyle. The growth rate, population doubling time, cell surface marker expression (CD31, FNDC5) (flow cytometry), secretome (TIMP-2, MMP-9) (ELISAs), intracellular signalling capacity (Fluo-4 Ca2+ flux) and gene expression (IL-6, IL-10, PTX-3, iNOS, Arg1) were compared between groups. The data illustrated significant PTSD-associated fibroblast conditioning resulting in a blunted signalling capacity. This observation highlights the importance of including tissue-specific investigations in future studies focused on elucidating the association between PTSD and subsequent risk for somatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van de Vyver
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R M Benecke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M J Kruger
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Y Powrie
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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23
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Krantz DS, Gabbay FH, Belleau EA, Aliaga PA, Wynn GH, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Naifeh JA. PTSD, Comorbidities, Gender, and Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Large Military Cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.13.24305769. [PMID: 38699311 PMCID: PMC11065026 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.13.24305769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health problem that increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is not known whether gender or comorbidities modify associations between PTSD and CVD. Objective To assess risk of hypertension and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) associated with PTSD in a predominantly young military population, and determine if gender or PTSD comorbidities modify these associations. Design setting and participants Using administrative medical records, this longitudinal, retrospective cohort study assessed relationships of PTSD, gender, comorbidities (metabolic risk factors [MRF], behavioral risk factors [BRF], depression, and sleep disorders) to subsequent hypertension and ASCVD among 863,993 active-duty U.S. Army enlisted soldiers (86.2% male; 93.7% Main outcomes and measures ICD-9-CM diagnoses of hypertension, ASCVD (coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure), PTSD, MRF (Type 2 diabetes, obesity), BRF (tobacco/alcohol use disorders), depression, and sleep disorders. Results PTSD was associated with subsequent hypertension (OR=3.0 [95% CI=2.9-3.1]), and ASCVD (OR=2.7 [95% CI=2.2-3.3]). These associations remained significant but were attenuated after adjusting for comorbidities and sociodemographic/service-related variables (Hypertension: OR=1.9 [95% CI=1.8-2.0]; ASCVD: OR=1.4 [95% CI=1.2-1.8]). For hypertension, gender and each comorbidity were significant explanatory variables in multivariable models, and there were significant PTSD interactions with gender, MRF, depression, and sleep disorders. Stratifying separately by gender and presence of each comorbidity, PTSD-hypertension associations were stronger among men, those without MRF, without depression, and without sleep disorders. Standardized risk estimates indicated that predicted hypertension rates for those with vs. without PTSD were higher for men, and for those with vs. without MRF, depression, and sleep disorders. For ASCVD, comorbidities, but not gender, were independent predictors, and associations between PTSD and ASCVD were not modified by gender or comorbidities. Conclusions and relevance PTSD and comorbidities are independent risk factors for hypertension and ASVD in younger individuals, and gender and comorbid conditions modify PTSD relationships with hypertension. These findings suggest that CVD preventive interventions address PTSD and medical and behavioral comorbidities.
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24
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Li L, Zhuang S, Jiang S. Muscone inhibits the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in mice aorta by inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149628. [PMID: 38335704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered to be one of the main pathogenic factors of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation run through the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular events. Muscone is a natural extract of deer musk and also the main physiological active substance of musk. This study investigated the impact of muscone on atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice were used to establised AS model and injected with low-dose (4 mg/kg/day) or high-dose (8 mg/kg/day) of muscone intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Then aortic tissues were collected, and pathological sections of the aorta were prepared for oil red staining, HE and masson staining. The changes of MDA, SOD, VCAM-1, NF-κB, and TNF-α were observed by Western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that high-dose muscone could effectively reduce the plaque area/aortic root area and relative atherosclerotic area, reduce the collagen composition in plaque tissue. In addition, we also found that high-dose muscone can effectively increase MDA level, reduce the level of SOD, and inhibit the expression of VCAM-1, NF-κB/p65, TNF-α in arterial plaques. Our results indicate that the administration of muscone has the benefit of inhibiting atherosclerosis. The potential mechanisms may be associated with antioxidant effect and inhibition of inflammatory reaction in arterial plaques. With the increasing understanding of the relationship between muscone and atherosclerosis, muscone has high potential value as a new drug to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Shaowei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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25
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Maihofer AX, Ratanatharathorn A, Hemmings SMJ, Costenbader KH, Michopoulos V, Polimanti R, Rothbaum AO, Seedat S, Mikita EA, Smith AK, Salem RM, Shaffer RA, Wu T, Sebat J, Ressler KJ, Stein MB, Koenen KC, Wolf EJ, Sumner JA, Nievergelt CM. Effects of genetically predicted posttraumatic stress disorder on autoimmune phenotypes. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38561342 PMCID: PMC10984931 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk for various autoimmune diseases. Insights into shared biology and causal relationships between these diseases may inform intervention approaches to PTSD and co-morbid autoimmune conditions. We investigated the shared genetic contributions and causal relationships between PTSD, 18 autoimmune diseases, and 3 immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Univariate MiXeR was used to contrast the genetic architectures of phenotypes. Genetic correlations were estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Bi-directional, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using independent, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms; inverse variance weighted and weighted median MR estimates were evaluated. Sensitivity analyses for uncorrelated (MR PRESSO) and correlated horizontal pleiotropy (CAUSE) were also performed. PTSD was considerably more polygenic (10,863 influential variants) than autoimmune diseases (median 255 influential variants). However, PTSD evidenced significant genetic correlation with nine autoimmune diseases and three inflammatory biomarkers. PTSD had putative causal effects on autoimmune thyroid disease (p = 0.00009) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 4.3 × 10-7). Inferences were not substantially altered by sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the PTSD-autoimmune thyroid disease association remained significant in multivariable MR analysis adjusted for genetically predicted inflammatory biomarkers as potential mechanistic pathway variables. No autoimmune disease had a significant causal effect on PTSD (all p values > 0.05). Although causal effect models were supported for associations of PTSD with CRP, shared pleiotropy was adequate to explain a putative causal effect of CRP on PTSD (p = 0.18). In summary, our results suggest a significant genetic overlap between PTSD, autoimmune diseases, and biomarkers of inflammation. PTSD has a putative causal effect on autoimmune thyroid disease, consistent with existing epidemiologic evidence. A previously reported causal effect of CRP on PTSD is potentially confounded by shared genetics. Together, results highlight the nuanced links between PTSD, autoimmune disorders, and associated inflammatory signatures, and suggest the importance of targeting related pathways to protect against disease and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Ratanatharathorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Research and Outcomes, Skyland Trail, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth A Mikita
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Shaffer
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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26
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Knox D, Parikh V. Basal forebrain cholinergic systems as circuits through which traumatic stress disrupts emotional memory regulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105569. [PMID: 38309497 PMCID: PMC10948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Contextual and spatial systems facilitate changes in emotional memory regulation brought on by traumatic stress. Cholinergic basal forebrain (chBF) neurons provide input to contextual/spatial systems and although chBF neurons are important for emotional memory, it is unknown how they contribute to the traumatic stress effects on emotional memory. Clusters of chBF neurons that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulate fear conditioned suppression and passive avoidance, while clusters of chBF neurons that project to the hippocampus (Hipp) and PFC (i.e. cholinergic medial septum and diagonal bands of Broca (chMS/DBB neurons) are critical for fear extinction. Interestingly, neither Hipp nor PFC projecting chMS/DBB neurons are critical for fear extinction. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a contextual/spatial memory system that receives input from chMS/DBB neurons, but whether this chMS/DBB-RSC circuit facilitates traumatic stress effects on emotional memory remain unexplored. Traumatic stress leads to neuroinflammation and the buildup of reactive oxygen species. These two molecular processes may converge to disrupt chBF circuits enhancing the impact of traumatic stress on emotional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Knox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Yetter MA, Fitzgerald TR, Philippi CL, Bruce SE. Pro-inflammatory markers are related to cortical network connectivity in women exposed to interpersonal trauma with PTSD. Behav Brain Res 2024:114942. [PMID: 38447761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to interpersonal violence affects a significant number of individuals each year and further increases the risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A growing body of research suggests that immune system dysfunction, in particular elevated inflammation, may contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD. However, few studies have examined the neurobiological correlates of inflammation in women with PTSD using resting-state fMRI. The present study explored the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and resting-state functional connectivity patterns in three major cortical networks (default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN)) in a sample of women (N=18) exposed to interpersonal violence with PTSD. Results indicated that higher CRP levels were associated with stronger functional connectivity between the SN and visual areas, but weaker functional connectivity between the CEN and visual areas. These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory markers are related to connectivity of task-positive networks in women with PTSD. Further, our results provide evidence for potential neurobiological markers of inflammation in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Yetter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA; University of Missouri - St. Louis
| | - Taryn R Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA; University of Missouri - St. Louis
| | - Carissa L Philippi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA; University of Missouri - St. Louis
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA; University of Missouri - St. Louis
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28
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Guo J, Orgeta V, Olivé I, Hoff E, Huntley J, Olff M, Sobczak S. Biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of current evidence. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102198. [PMID: 38237700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed at synthesizing current evidence on biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted for studies assessing biomarkers associated with CI in PTSD. RESULTS Of the 10,149 titles screened, 8 studies met our inclusion criteria. In a single longitudinal study, MRI volumes, Aβ and tau accumulation were not associated with CI in PTSD. Studies on structural imaging reported no significant association between morphological changes and CI. Two studies on diffusion neuroimaging showed abnormalities in white matter tracts which were cross-sectionally associated with CI in PTSD. Similarly, lower resting-state functional connectivity in neocortical networks, and elevated tau in the neocortex were also cross sectionally associated with CI. Two single studies on biochemical biomarkers showed that sixteen novel plasma proteins and lower BDNF, indicative of genetic vulnerabilities associated with neural and synaptic dysfunctions commonly observed in neurodegeneration, were cross-sectionally associated with CI in PTSD. Overall, evidence is of low quality. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal research utilizing large representative samples of trauma exposed populations are needed to establish the utility of specific biomarkers in monitoring cognitive decline in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Guo
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Isadora Olivé
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Hoff
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, & Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjacko Sobczak
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Heerlen, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences (RUAS), Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Hori H, Fukushima H, Nagayoshi T, Ishikawa R, Zhuo M, Yoshida F, Kunugi H, Okamoto K, Kim Y, Kida S. Fear memory regulation by the cAMP signaling pathway as an index of reexperiencing symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02453-4. [PMID: 38409596 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder associated with traumatic memory, yet its etiology remains unclear. Reexperiencing symptoms are specific to PTSD compared to other anxiety-related disorders. Importantly, reexperiencing can be mimicked by retrieval-related events of fear memory in animal models of traumatic memory. Recent studies revealed candidate PTSD-associated genes that were related to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate the tight linkage between facilitated cAMP signaling and PTSD by analyzing loss- and gain-of-cAMP signaling effects on fear memory in mice and the transcriptomes of fear memory-activated mice and female PTSD patients with reexperiencing symptoms. Pharmacological and optogenetic upregulation or downregulation of cAMP signaling transduction enhanced or impaired, respectively, the retrieval and subsequent maintenance of fear memory in mice. In line with these observations, integrative mouse and human transcriptome analysis revealed the reduced mRNA expression of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), an enzyme that degrades cAMP, in the peripheral blood of PTSD patients showing more severe reexperiencing symptoms and the mouse hippocampus after fear memory retrieval. Importantly, more severe reexperiencing symptoms and lower PDE4B mRNA levels were correlated with decreased DNA methylation of a locus within PDE4B, suggesting the involvement of methylation in the mechanism of PTSD. These findings raise the possibility that the facilitation of cAMP signaling mediating the downregulation of PDE4B expression enhances traumatic memory, thereby playing a key role in the reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD patients as a functional index of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Hotaka Fukushima
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Taikai Nagayoshi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rie Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okamoto
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Hoskyns RB, Howard SR. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of central precocious puberty; a narrative review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:102-109. [PMID: 38097507 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is the premature activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in the early development of secondary sexual characteristics. CPP classically occurs before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The aetiology of this precocious onset of puberty is governed by complex mechanistic interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The rates of CPP have been documented to have been rising before the COVID-19 pandemic; despite this, the incidence of CPP has increased exponentially since the start of the pandemic. There are multiple theories potentially explaining this change in incidence of CPP over COVID-19. These include the direct effect of SARS-coV-2 infection, increasing body mass index of adolescents over sequential lockdowns, changes in sleep patterns, increased use of electronic devices and levels of stress, and additionally potential earlier detection of signs of CPP by parents and carers. Whilst there is evidence from observational cohorts, case studies and animal models for each of these factors, it is difficult to definitively prove which has had the greatest impact due to the mainly retrospective nature of the human research that has been conducted. Moreover, studies set in diverse settings with varying population make comparison complex. Additionally, each country responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdowns varied between locations, hence the effect of lockdown was not equal or universal. Despite this, similar trends have been identified, with various lifestyle changes that occurred over the pandemic being potentially influential factors on the development of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Hoskyns
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Sasha R Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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31
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Baghaei A, Zoshk MY, Hosseini M, Fasihi H, Nassireslami E, Shayesteh S, Laripour R, Amoli AE, Heidari R, Chamanara M. Prominent genetic variants and epigenetic changes in post-traumatic stress disorder among combat veterans. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:325. [PMID: 38393604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most widespread and disabling psychiatric disorders among combat veterans. Substantial interindividual variability in susceptibility to PTSD suggests the presence of different risk factors for this disorder. Twin and family studies confirm genetic factors as important risk factors for PTSD. In addition to genetic factors, epigenetic factors, especially DNA methylation, can be considered as a potential mechanism in changing the risk of PTSD. So far, many genetic and epigenetic association studies have been conducted in relation to PTSD. In genetic studies, many single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified as PTSD risk factors. Meanwhile, the variations in catecholamines-related genes, serotonin transporter and receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inflammatory factors, and apolipoprotein E are the most prominent candidates. CpG methylation in the upstream regions of many genes is also considered a PTSD risk factor. Accurate identification of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with PTSD can lead to the presentation of suitable biomarkers for susceptible individuals to this disorder. This study aimed to delineate prominent genetic variations and epigenetic changes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans who have experienced combat, focusing on genetic and epigenetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadali Baghaei
- Trauma Research center, AJA university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Hosseini
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fasihi
- Biomaterial and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Shayesteh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Laripour
- Social and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aynaz Eslami Amoli
- Trauma Research center, AJA university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student research committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Wei H, Deng M, Ding R, Wei L, Yuan H. Macrophage β2-AR activation amplifies inflammation in wound healing by upregulating Trem1 via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111463. [PMID: 38190789 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an important part of the wound healing process. The stress hormone epinephrine has been demonstrated to modulate the inflammatory response via its interaction with β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). However, the precise molecular mechanism through which β2-AR exerts its influence on inflammation during the wound healing process remains an unresolved question. METHODS Transcriptome datasets of wound and macrophages from the GEO database were reanalyzed using bioinformatics. The role of β2-AR in wound healing was explored by a mouse hind paw plantar wound model, and histological analyses were performed to assess wound healing. In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to elucidate the role of β2-AR on the inflammatory response. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (Trem1) was knocked down with siRNA on RAW cells and western blot and qPCR assays were performed. RESULTS Trem1 was upregulated within 24 h of wounding, and macrophage β2-AR activation also upregulated Trem1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that β2-AR agonists impaired wound healing, accompanied by upregulation of Trem1 and activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, as well as by a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In vitro experiments showed that macrophage β2-AR activation amplified LPS-induced inflammation, and knockdown of Trem1 reversed this effect. Using activator and inhibitor of cAMP, macrophage β2-AR activation was confirmed to upregulate Trem1 via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. CONCLUSION Our study found that β2-AR agonists increase Trem1 expression in wounds, accompanied by amplification of the inflammatory response, impairing wound healing. β2-AR activation in RAW cells induces Trem1 upregulation via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and amplifies LPS-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mengqiu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Liangtian Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Pluta M, Karny K, Lipińska M, Mańdziuk J, Podsiadły E, Kuchar E, Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Okarska-Napierała M. Ukrainian War Refugee Children With Particularly Severe Viral Infections: A Case Series Report. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:e30-e36. [PMID: 37922510 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The humanitarian crisis in Ukraine in 2022 led to a massive migration of refugees to Poland. Immigrant children, living in overcrowded humanitarian hubs, were exposed to multiple stressful factors likely affecting their immune systems. This case series study aimed to describe a particularly severe course of common viral infections, in Ukrainian refugee children. We present 2 case series of Ukrainian refugee children: 5 hospitalized due to either adenovirus (AdV) and 8 with rotavirus (RV) infection, admitted within 3 months in each case series, recruited retrospectively. Most patients lived in humanitarian hubs and were neglected on admission (dehydrated, with poor hygiene and anxious). All RV infection cases had symptoms of severe gastroenteritis requiring intravenous rehydration. Metabolic acidosis was present in 6 children, and hypoglycemia in 4 participants. None of them were vaccinated against RV. All children with AdV infection had prolonged fever, dyspnea requiring oxygen therapy and hyperinflammation. In 2 AdV infection cases with no clinical improvement and increasing inflammatory markers, intravenous immunoglobulins and glucocorticosteroids were used. The combination of stressful factors and living in overcrowded hubs during the high prevalence of viral infections led to a particularly severe course of viral infections in Ukrainian refugee children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pluta
- From the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Edyta Podsiadły
- Department of Dental Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Department of Pediatrics With Clinical Assessment Unit
| | - Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak
- From the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Ahmed Z, Tahmin CI, Tahsin CT, Michopoulos V, Mohamed A, Wattero R, Albott S, Cullen KR, Lowe DA, Osborn J, Fonkoue IT. Higher arterial stiffness and blunted vagal control of the heart in young women with compared to without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:165-175. [PMID: 38324188 PMCID: PMC10947824 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young women are typically thought to be protected from cardiovascular disease (CVD) before menopause. However, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases CVD risk in women by up to threefold. Data in predominantly male cohorts point to physiological mechanisms such as vascular and autonomic derangements as contributing to increased CVD risk. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether young women diagnosed with PTSD, compared to those without, present with arterial stiffness and impaired autonomic control of the heart. METHODS A total of 73 healthy young women, ranging in age from 18 to 40 years, with a history of trauma exposure were included in this study, 32 with and 41 without a clinical PTSD diagnosis. We measured resting pulse wave velocity (PWV), central hemodynamics, augmentation pressure and augmentation index (AI) via pulse wave analysis using applanation tonometry. Heart rate variability was also assessed via peripheral arterial tone. RESULTS In comparison to controls, women with PTSD showed higher central arterial pressure (mean ± standard deviation: systolic blood pressure 104 ± 8 vs. 97 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001; diastolic blood pressure 72 ± 7 vs. 67 ± 7 mmHg, p = 0.003), PWV (6 ± 0.3 vs. 5 ± 0.6 m/s, p < 0.001) and AI (22 ± 13 vs. 15 ± 12%, p = 0.007) but lower standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN; 44 ± 17 vs. 54 ± 18 ms, p = 0.005) and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD; 37 ± 17 vs. 51 ± 22 ms, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION PTSD in young women is associated with higher brachial and central pressures, increased arterial stiffness and blunted parasympathetic control of the heart. These findings illustrate potential mechanisms underlying high risk for CVD in young women with PTSD, suggesting possible treatment targets for this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zynab Ahmed
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chowdhury Ibtida Tahmin
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chowdhury Tasnova Tahsin
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Azhaar Mohamed
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Redeat Wattero
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sophia Albott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Osborn
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ida T Fonkoue
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE (MMC 388), Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Boyle SH, Upchurch J, Gifford EJ, Redding TS, Hauser ER, Malhotra D, Press A, Sims KJ, Williams CD. Military exposures and Gulf War illness in veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:80-91. [PMID: 37997023 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder of unknown etiology that is believed to be caused by neurotoxicant exposure experienced during deployment to the Gulf War. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) covaries with GWI and is believed to play a role in GWI symptoms. The present study examined the association between self-reported military exposures and GWI, stratified by PTSD status, in veterans from the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository who were deployed to the Persian Gulf during the war. Participants self-reported current GWI and PTSD symptoms as well as military exposures (e.g., pyridostigmine [PB] pills, pesticides/insecticides, combat, chemical attacks, and oil well fires) experienced during the Gulf War. Deployed veterans' (N = 921) GWI status was ascertained using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition. Individuals who met the GWI criteria were stratified by PTSD status, yielding three groups: GWI-, GWI+/PTSD-, and GWI+/PTSD+. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, was used to examine associations between GWI/PTSD groups and military exposures. Apart from insect bait use, the GWI+/PTSD+ group had higher odds of reporting military exposures than the GWI+/PTSD- group, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% CI [1.30, 3.56]-aOR = 6.91, 95% CI [3.39, 14.08]. Except for PB pills, the GWI+/PTSD- group had a higher likelihood of reporting military exposures than the GWI- group, aOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.26, 3.26]-aOR = 4.01, 95% CI [1.57, 10.25]. These findings are consistent with roles for both PTSD and military exposures in the etiology of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Boyle
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Upchurch
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Gifford
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas S Redding
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ashlyn Press
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie J Sims
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina D Williams
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Traetta ME, Chaves Filho AM, Akinluyi ET, Tremblay MÈ. Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:457-495. [PMID: 39207708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This chapter will focus on microglial involvement in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). We will describe the neuroimmune risk factors that contribute to the etiopathology of these disorders across the lifespan, including both in early life and adulthood. Microglia, being the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, could play a key role in triggering and determining the outcome of these disorders. This chapter will review preclinical and clinical findings where microglial morphology and function were examined in the contexts of ASD, schizophrenia and MDD. Clinical evidence points out to altered microglial morphology and reactivity, as well as increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the idea that microglial abnormalities are involved in these disorders. Indeed, animal models for these disorders found altered microglial morphology and homeostatic functions which resulted in behaviours related to these disorders. Additionally, as microglia have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, we will also address in this chapter therapies involving microglial mechanisms for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Center de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Du F, Zha J, Li Y, Fang L, Xia S, Yu Y. Risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder after emergency admission. World J Emerg Med 2024; 15:121-125. [PMID: 38476530 PMCID: PMC10925529 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur in women who give birth after emergency admission. The identification of risk factors for this condition is crucial for developing effective preventive measures. This retrospective study aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors for postpartum PTSD in women who give birth after emergency admission. METHODS Medical records of women who gave birth after emergency admission were collected between March 2021 and April 2023. The patients' general conditions and perinatal clinical indicators were recorded. The puerperae were divided into PTSD group and control group based on symptom occurrence at six weeks postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. RESULTS A total of 276 puerperae were included, with a PTSD incidence of 20.3% at six weeks postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified emergency cesarean section (odds ratio [OR]=2.102; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.114-3.966, P=0.022), admission to the emergency department after midnight (12:00 AM) (OR=2.245; 95%CI: 1.170-4.305, P<0.001), and cervical dilation (OR=3.203; 95%CI: 1.670-6.141, P=0.039) as independent risk factors for postpartum PTSD. Analgesia pump use (OR= 0.500; 95%CI: 0.259-0.966, P=0.015) was found to be a protective factor against postpartum PTSD. CONCLUSION Emergency cesarean section, admission to the emergency department after midnight, and cervical dilation were identified as independent risk factors for postpartum PTSD, while analgesic pump use was a protective factor. These findings provide insights for developing more effective preventive measures for women who give birth after emergency admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Du
- Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Jun Zha
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Shuyu Xia
- Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou 215131, China
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Bogolepova AN. [Cognitive impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:69-74. [PMID: 38884432 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health disorder, with an incidence of up to 12.5% among primary care patients. Most often, PTSD is detected in combat veterans, victims of terrorist attacks and terror, but it can also be a consequence of traumatic brain injury and medical interventions. Impaired cognitive functioning is a key feature of PTSD, including attention deficits and reduced processing speed, executive dysfunction, and impairments in verbal learning and memory. Cognitive impairments in PTSD are significantly persistent and are largely similar in nature to neuropsychological impairments in neurodegenerative pathology. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying PTSD are the development of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and decreased production of neurotrophic factors. One of the promising areas of treatment is the use of Cerebrolysin, which has powerful neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bogolepova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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39
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Sidles SJ, Kelly RR, Kelly KD, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Khoo SK, Jones JA, Cray JJ, LaRue AC. Inescapable foot shock induces a PTSD-like phenotype and negatively impacts adult murine bone. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050044. [PMID: 38131122 PMCID: PMC10820809 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with osteopenia, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk in the clinical population. Yet, the development of preclinical models to study PTSD-induced bone loss remains limited. In this study, we present a previously unreported model of PTSD in adult female C57BL/6 mice, by employing inescapable foot shock and social isolation, that demonstrates high face and construct validity. A subset of mice exposed to this paradigm (i.e. PTSD mice) display long-term alterations in behavioral and inflammatory indices. Using three-dimensional morphometric calculations, cyclic reference point indentation (cRPI) testing and histological analyses, we find that PTSD mice exhibit loss of trabecular bone, altered bone material quality, and aberrant changes in bone tissue architecture and cellular activity. This adult murine model of PTSD exhibits clinically relevant changes in bone physiology and provides a valuable tool for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying PTSD-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Sidles
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kirsten D. Kelly
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Jessica D. Hathaway-Schrader
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Khoo
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James J. Cray
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Hill A, Khalil H, Laborc K, Kounelis-Wuillaume S, Gavade S, Johnston C, Singer BH, Spencer-Segal JL. Corticosteroid Treatment During Sepsis Alters Hippocampal Function in Male and Female Survivors. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:336-345. [PMID: 38298779 PMCID: PMC10829652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Millions of sepsis survivors annually face neuropsychiatric sequelae of their illness. Corticosteroids are frequently administered for sepsis, and their use improves neuropsychiatric outcomes, but the mechanisms are unknown. In light of prior work that has shown persistent inflammation in sepsis survivors, we hypothesized that short-term corticosteroid treatment during illness would reverse the long-term impact of sepsis on inflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus and rescue associated changes to affective behaviors. Methods Male and female mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture or a sham surgery to induce acute infection and were treated for 5 days with corticosterone or vehicle. Starting 2 weeks after the surgery, we performed functional phenotyping in the survivor mice followed by hippocampal RNA sequencing to identify underlying mechanisms. Results Long-term cecal ligation and puncture survivors exhibited anxiety-like behavior, increased central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and persistent systemic and neuroinflammation. Corticosterone treatment during illness did not reverse anxiety-like behavior or inflammation in survivors. Instead, corticosterone treatment impaired object memory and increased active coping behavior in females. History of corticosterone treatment influenced the expression of >10% of detectable transcripts in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, including a coordinated downregulation of activity-dependent genes. Conclusions Corticosterone treatment during sepsis impaired memory formation in survivors and caused a lasting decrease in hippocampal neural activity, which could underlie its effect on memory. Future studies should focus on how this lasting effect of corticosteroid treatment on hippocampal activity and memory translates into improved neuropsychiatric outcomes in human sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hill
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Klaudia Laborc
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Swapnil Gavade
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Colin Johnston
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin H. Singer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joanna L. Spencer-Segal
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Pinna G, Kmita H, Lushchak VI. Editorial: Role of mitochondria in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1341204. [PMID: 38162825 PMCID: PMC10755857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1341204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute (SPHPI), Chicago, IL, United States
- UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivs, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Chen XD, Wei JX, Wang HY, Peng YY, Tang C, Ding Y, Li S, Long ZY, Lu XM, Wang YT. Effects and mechanisms of salidroside on the behavior of SPS-induced PTSD rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109728. [PMID: 37742716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder, closely associated with stress and traumatic events. Salidroside (Sal) has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects. However, the behavioral effects and mechanisms of Sal on PTSD remain unknown. In this study, we utilized a rat model of PTSD induced by single prolonged stress (SPS) and administered Sal intraperitoneally (25, 50, 75 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. We then examined the behavioral effects and underlying mechanisms of Sal on SPS-induced PTSD rats. Our findings demonstrated that Sal alleviated anxiety-like behavior and spatial learning and memory impairment in SPS-induced PTSD rats. Furthermore, Sal treatment preserved the histomorphology of the hippocampal region. It was observed that Sal protected against hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in PTSD rats by reducing the number of TUNEL-positive cells and modulating apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). Additionally, Sal inhibited the activation of the NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of PTSD rats, thereby suppressing the release of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and the activation of microglia. Notably, Sal increased the expression of synapse-associated proteins PSD95 and Synapsin I in the hippocampus, while also enhancing dendritic density in the region. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that Sal could attenuate SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors by inhibiting hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, enhancing hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuroinflammatory responses. These findings may provide a foundation for the potential clinical application of Sal in the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wei
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Can Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yang Ding
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zai-Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiu-Min Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Hu KB, Lu XM, Wang HY, Liu HL, Wu QY, Liao P, Li S, Long ZY, Wang YT. Effects and mechanisms of tanshinone IIA on PTSD-like symptoms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155032. [PMID: 37611463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active substances have remarkably progressed in treating central neurological disorders. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is an active ingredient derived from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been found to alleviate the symptoms of several psychiatric illnesses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that results after experiencing a serious physical or psychological injury. The currently used drugs are not satisfactory for the treatment of PTSD. However, it has been reported that TSA can improve PTSD-like symptoms like learning and memory, cognitive disorder, and depression through multi-target regulation. PURPOSE This paper discusses the ameliorative effects of TSA on PTSD-like symptoms and the possible mechanisms of action in terms of inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, anti-neuroinflammation, and anti-oxidative stress. Based on the pathological changes and clinical observations of PTSD, we hope to provide some reference for the clinical transformation of Chinese medicine in treating PTSD. METHODS A large number of literatures on tanshinone in the treatment of neurological diseases and PTSD were retrieved from online electronic PubMed and Web of Science databases. CONCLUSION TSA is a widely studied natural active ingredient against mental illness. This review will contribute to the future development of TSA as a new clinical candidate drug for improving PTSD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiu-Min Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Qing-Yun Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ping Liao
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zai-Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yong-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Mason NL, Szabo A, Kuypers KPC, Mallaroni PA, de la Torre Fornell R, Reckweg JT, Tse DHY, Hutten NRPW, Feilding A, Ramaekers JG. Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:299-310. [PMID: 37689275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients characterized by stress-related disorders such as depression display elevated circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a hyperactive HPA axis. Psychedelics are demonstrating promising results in treatment of such disorders, however the mechanisms of their therapeutic effects are still unknown. To date the evidence of acute and persisting effects of psychedelics on immune functioning, HPA axis activity in response to stress, and associated psychological outcomes is preliminary. To address this, we conducted a placebo-controlled, parallel group design comprising of 60 healthy participants who received either placebo (n = 30) or 0.17 mg/kg psilocybin (n = 30). Blood samples were taken to assess acute and persisting (7 day) changes in immune status. Seven days' post-administration, participants in each treatment group were further subdivided: 15 underwent a stress induction protocol, and 15 underwent a control protocol. Ultra-high field (7-Tesla) magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess whether acute changes in glutamate or glial activity were associated with changes in immune functioning. Finally, questionnaires assessed persisting self-report changes in mood and social behavior. Psilocybin immediately reduced concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while other inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) remained unchanged. Seven days later, TNF-α concentrations returned to baseline, while IL-6 and CRP concentrations were persistently reduced in the psilocybin group. Changes in the immune profile were related to acute neurometabolic activity as acute reductions in TNF-α were linked to lower concentrations of glutamate in the hippocampus. Additionally, the more of a reduction in IL-6 and CRP seven days after psilocybin, the more persisting positive mood and social effects participants reported. Regarding the stress response, after a psychosocial stressor, psilocybin did not significantly alter the stress response. Results are discussed in regards to the psychological and therapeutic effects of psilocybin demonstrated in ongoing patient trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Mason
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K P C Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A Mallaroni
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R de la Torre Fornell
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group. Neurosciences Program. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J T Reckweg
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Y Tse
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N R P W Hutten
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Feilding
- The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, OX3 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - J G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ke S, Hartmann J, Ressler KJ, Liu YY, Koenen KC. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:360-370. [PMID: 37689277 PMCID: PMC10591863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people following exposure to a terrifying or catastrophic event involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is a common and debilitating mental disorder that imposes a significant burden on individuals, their families, health services, and society. Moreover, PTSD is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, as well as premature mortality. Furthermore, PTSD is associated with dysregulated immune function. Despite the high prevalence of PTSD, the mechanisms underlying its etiology and manifestations remain poorly understood. Compelling evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in the development and function of the host nervous system, complex behaviors, and brain circuits. The gut microbiome may contribute to PTSD by influencing inflammation, stress responses, and neurotransmitter signaling, while bidirectional communication between the gut and brain involves mechanisms such as microbial metabolites, immune system activation, and the vagus nerve. In this literature review, we summarize recent findings on the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD in both human and animal studies. We discuss the methodological limitations of existing studies and suggest future research directions to further understand the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chen R, Routh BN, Straetker JE, Gibson CR, Weitzner AS, Bell KS, Gaudet AD, Fonken LK. Microglia depletion ameliorates neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive deficits in a sex-specific manner in Rev-erbα knockout mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:287-298. [PMID: 37648007 PMCID: PMC10788180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system is an evolutionarily adaptive system that synchronizes biological and physiological activities within the body to the 24 h oscillations on Earth. At the molecular level, circadian clock proteins are transcriptional factors that regulate the rhythmic expression of genes involved in numerous physiological processes such as sleep, cognition, mood, and immune function. Environmental and genetic disruption of the circadian clock can lead to pathology. For example, global deletion of the circadian clock gene Rev-erbα (RKO) leads to hyperlocomotion, increased anxiety-like behaviors, and cognitive impairments in male mice; however, the mechanisms underlying behavioral changes remain unclear. Here we hypothesized that RKO alters microglia function leading to neuroinflammation and altered mood and cognition, and that microglia depletion can resolve neuroinflammation and restore behavior. We show that microglia depletion (CSF1R inhibitor, PLX5622) in 8-month-old RKO mice ameliorated hyperactivity, memory impairments, and anxiety/risky-like behaviors. RKO mice exhibited striking increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and IL-6). Surprisingly, these increases were only fully reversed by microglia depletion in the male but not female RKO hippocampus. In contrast, male RKO mice showed greater alterations in microglial morphology and phagocytic activity than females. In both sexes, microglia depletion reduced microglial branching and decreased CD68 production without altering astrogliosis. Taken together, we show that male and female RKO mice exhibit unique perturbations to the neuroimmune system, but microglia depletion is effective at rescuing aspects of behavioral changes in both sexes. These results demonstrate that microglia are involved in Rev-erbα-mediated changes in behavior and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Brandy N Routh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | | | - Cecily R Gibson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Aidan S Weitzner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Kiersten S Bell
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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Nass BYS, Dibbets P, Markus CR. The Impact of Psychotrauma and Emotional Stress Vulnerability on Physical and Mental Functioning of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6976. [PMID: 37947534 PMCID: PMC10648781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic health condition thought to be influenced by personal life experiences and emotional stress sensitivity (neuroticism). In the present study, we examined the impact of cumulative trauma experiences and trait neuroticism (as a measure for emotional stress vulnerability) on physical and mental functioning of n = 211 patients diagnosed with IBD (112 Crohn's disease, 99 ulcerative colitis). All patients were assessed for self-reported trauma histories, emotional stress vulnerability, clinical disease activity, functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and quality of life. Results showed that patients with severe IBD activity have endured significantly more interpersonal trauma and victimization than those with quiescent IBD. Moreover, cumulative trauma was found to exert an indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients' symptom complexity, with trauma and neuroticism conjointly explaining 16-21% of the variance in gastrointestinal and 35% of the variance in mental symptoms. Upon correction for condition (using a small group of available controls, n = 51), the predictive capacity of trauma and neuroticism increased further, with both predictors now explaining 31% of the somatic-and almost 50% of the mental symptom heterogeneity. In terms of trauma type, victimization (domestic violence and intimate abuse) proved the best predictor of cross-sample symptom variability and the only trauma profile with a consistent direct and indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients' mental (QoL) and physical fitness. Results are consistent with the growing body of evidence linking experiential vulnerability factors (trauma and neuroticism) and associated feelings of personal ineffectiveness, helplessness, and uncontrollability to interindividual differences in (GI) disease activity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje Yentl Sundari Nass
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dr. Rath Health Foundation, 6422 RG Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Dibbets
- Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Rob Markus
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Matias ME, Radulski DR, Rodrigues da Silva T, Raymundi AM, Stern CAJ, Zampronio AR. Involvement of cannabinoid receptors and neuroinflammation in early sepsis: Implications for posttraumatic stress disorder. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110745. [PMID: 37541107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with several comorbidities in survivors, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated whether rats that survive sepsis develop the generalization of fear memory as a model of PTSD. Responses to interventions that target the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/cannabinoid system and glial activation in the initial stages of sepsis were evaluated. As a control, we evaluated hyperalgesia before fear conditioning. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in Wistar rats. CLP-induced sepsis with one or three punctures resulted in fear generalization in the survivors 13 and 20 days after the CLP procedure, a process that was not associated with hyperalgesia. Septic animals were intracerebroventricularly treated with vehicle, the endothelin receptor A (ETA) antagonist BQ123, the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630, respectively, and the glial blocker minocycline 4 h after CLP. The blockade of either CB1 or ETA receptors increased the survival rate, but only the former reversed fear memory generalization. The endothelinergic system blockade is important for improving survival but not for fear memory. Treatment with the CB2 receptor antagonist or minocycline also reversed the generalization of fear memory but did not increase the survival rate that was associated with CLP. Minocycline treatment also reduced tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the hippocampus suggesting that neuroinflammation is important for the generalization of fear memory induced by CLP. The influence of CLP on the generalization of fear memory was not related to Arc protein expression, a regulator of synaptic plasticity, in the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Raymundi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yadav SK, Ahmad R, Moshfegh CM, Sankarasubramanian J, Joshi V, Elkhatib SK, Chhonker YS, Murry DJ, Talmon GA, Guda C, Case AJ, Singh AB. Repeated Social Defeat Stress Induces an Inflammatory Gut Milieu by Altering the Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:824-836. [PMID: 37881577 PMCID: PMC10593959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events in an individual's life. Patients with PTSD are also at a higher risk for comorbidities. However, it is not well understood how PTSD affects human health and/or promotes the risk for comorbidities. Nevertheless, patients with PTSD harbor a proinflammatory milieu and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Gut barrier integrity helps to maintain normal gut homeostasis and its dysregulation promotes gut dysbiosis and inflammation. Methods We used a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (RSDS), a preclinical model of PTSD. Behavioral studies, metagenomics analysis of the microbiome, gut permeability assay (on mouse colon, using an Ussing chamber), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Polarized intestinal epithelial cells and 3-dimensional crypt cultures were used for mechanistic analysis. Results The RSDS mice harbor a heightened proinflammatory gut environment and microbiota dysbiosis. The RSDS mice further showed significant dysregulation of gut barrier functions, including transepithelial electrical resistance, mucin homeostasis, and antimicrobial responses. RSDS mice also showed a specific increase in intestinal expression of claudin-2, a tight junction protein, and epinephrine, a stress-induced neurotransmitter. Treating intestinal epithelial cells or 3-dimensional cultured crypts with norepinephrine or intestinal luminal contents (fecal contents) upregulated claudin-2 expression and inhibited transepithelial electrical resistance. Conclusions Traumatic stress induces dysregulation of gut barrier functions, which may underlie the observed gut microbiota changes and proinflammatory gut milieu, all of which may have an interdependent effect on the health and increased risk of comorbidities in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cassandra M. Moshfegh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Vineet Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Safwan K. Elkhatib
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daryl J. Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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Nieto-Quero A, Infantes-López MI, Zambrana-Infantes E, Chaves-Peña P, Gavito AL, Munoz-Martin J, Tabbai S, Márquez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, García-Fernández MI, Santín LJ, Pedraza C, Pérez-Martín M. Unveiling the Secrets of the Stressed Hippocampus: Exploring Proteomic Changes and Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cells 2023; 12:2290. [PMID: 37759512 PMCID: PMC10527244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense stress, especially traumatic stress, can trigger disabling responses and in some cases even lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is heterogeneous, accompanied by a range of distress symptoms and treatment-resistant disorders that may be associated with a number of other psychopathologies. PTSD is a very heterogeneous disorder with different subtypes that depend on, among other factors, the type of stressor that provokes it. However, the neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The study of early stress responses may hint at the way PTSD develops and improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in its onset, opening the opportunity for possible preventive treatments. Proteomics is a promising strategy for characterizing these early mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD. The aim of the work was to understand how exposure to acute and intense stress using water immersion restraint stress (WIRS), which could be reminiscent of natural disaster, may induce several PTSD-associated symptoms and changes in the hippocampal proteomic profile. The results showed that exposure to WIRS induced behavioural symptoms and corticosterone levels reminiscent of PTSD. Moreover, the expression profiles of hippocampal proteins at 1 h and 24 h after stress were deregulated in favour of increased inflammation and reduced neuroplasticity, which was validated by histological studies and cytokine determination. Taken together, these results suggest that neuroplastic and inflammatory dysregulation may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - María Inmaculada Infantes-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Patricia Chaves-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Ana L. Gavito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Jose Munoz-Martin
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Sara Tabbai
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - María Inmaculada García-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
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