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Matu J, Griffiths A, Shannon OM, Jones A, Day R, Radley D, Feeley A, Mabbs L, Blackshaw J, Sattar N, Ells L. The association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes: An umbrella review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13803. [PMID: 39096049 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This umbrella review assessed the association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for reviews that assessed the association between excess weight and COVID-19 outcomes. A second-order meta-analysis was conducted on the available data for intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation administration, disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality. The quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 appraisal tool. In total, 52 systematic reviews were included, 49 of which included meta-analyses. The risk of severe outcomes (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.70 to 2.05), intensive care unit admission (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.72), invasive mechanical ventilation administration (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.83), hospitalization (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61 to 2.05), and mortality (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.48) following COVID-19 infection was significantly higher in individuals living with excess weight compared with those with a healthy weight. There was limited evidence available in the included reviews regarding the influence of moderating factors such as ethnicity, and the majority of included reviews were of poor quality. Obesity appears to represent an important modifiable pre-infection risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Matu
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhiannon Day
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Duncan Radley
- Obesity Institute, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alison Feeley
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, London, UK
| | - Lisa Mabbs
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, London, UK
| | | | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louisa Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Nishida C, Iemitsu M, Kurihara T, Kishigami K, Miyachi M, Sanada K. Differences in sarcopenia indices in elderly Japanese women and their relationships with obesity classified according to waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage. J Physiol Anthropol 2024; 43:22. [PMID: 39354553 PMCID: PMC11446072 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-024-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in body fat mass (BFM) due to aging. Detecting SO in elderly women is important from the perspective of extending healthy life expectancy. While various indices of SO are currently used, there is no global consensus regarding diagnostic criteria for SO. This study aimed to examine the relationship between obesity indices (waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BFP)) and sarcopenia indices (total body muscle mass (TBM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), skeletal mass index (SMI)), and physical function (gait speed (GS), handgrip strength (HGS)). METHODS Subjects were 170 community-dwelling healthy elderly women aged 65-79 years (mean: 72.7 ± 5.78 years) who underwent measurements for WC, BMI, and BFP. A WC of ≥ 90cm was defined as the obese group, BMI was determined as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2) and a cutoff of ≥ 25 kg/m2 was used to define the obesity group. BFM was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method and BFP was calculated from body weight and a cutoff of ≥ 30% was used to define the obesity group. TBM and ALM (kg) were measured using the BIA method, ALM (kg) was corrected for height (m2) to obtain SMI (kg/m2). Physical function was assessed by GS and HGS, which were measured by the 5-m walk test and a digital grip strength meter, respectively. RESULTS When obesity was assessed using BMI, WC and BFP, obese individuals had higher TBM, ALM and SMI, and lower GS among the sarcopenia indicators. HGS did not differ significantly between the non-obese and obese groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest HGS is thought to reflect muscle strength without being affected by obesity indices, suggesting that it may be useful in detecting possible sarcopenia in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nishida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, 3003 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Keiko Kishigami
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Qu X, Zheng A, Yang J, Zhang J, Qiao H, Jiang F, Zhao J, Wang C, Ning P. Global, regional, and national burdens of leukemia from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2019 based on the APC model. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7150. [PMID: 39246263 PMCID: PMC11381916 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia is the tenth most common cause of cancer death worldwide and one of the most important causes of disability. To understand the current status and changing trends of the disease burden of leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of leukemia prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS Based on open data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019), R software was used to calculate estimated annual percentage changes to estimate trends in the age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate due to leukemia and its major subtypes from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS In 2019, globally, the number of incidences and DALYs of leukemia were 643.6 × 103 (587.0 × 103, 699.7 × 103) and 11,657.5 × 103 (10529.1 × 103, 12700.7 × 103), respectively. The ASIR (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) = -0.37, 95%UI -0.46 to -0.28) and the age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC = -1.72, 95%UI -1.80 to -1.65) of leukemia showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019. The APC model analysis showed that the age effect of leukemia risk was a "U"-shaped distribution of relative risk (RR) with increasing age from 1990 to 2019, globally. The time effect was an increase in incidence rate with increasing years but a decrease in DALY rate with increasing years. The cohort effects of both incidence and DALY rates tended to increase and then decrease with the development of the birth cohort. In 1990 and 2019, smoking, high body-mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and occupational exposure to formaldehyde were risk factors for DALY in leukemia, especially in areas with high SDI. CONCLUSIONS From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of leukemia showed a decreasing trend, but it is worth noting that its overall severity is still very high. The disease burden of leukemia varies greatly from region to region, and exclusive strategies for the prevention and treatment of leukemia should be developed according to the economic and cultural development of each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qu
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Anjie Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Jinru Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Hongmei Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Chunping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Department of Oncology, Baoji Gaoxin Hospital, Baoji, China
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Tong Y, Zhu T, Xu F, Yang W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Liu L. Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model for obese endometrial cancer patients based on bioinformatics analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35488. [PMID: 39170242 PMCID: PMC11336703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) affected the prognosis of tumors. However, its effect on the outcomes of obese endometrial cancer (EC) patients had not been reported. Methods This research performed a retrospective analysis of the transcriptome profiles and medical data of 503 EC patients. Immune scores were assessed by estimation algorithms. Cox and LASSO regression analyses were utilized to pinpoint key genes linked to prognosis, and the RPS was created to forecast the outcomes of obese EC patients. The relationship among genetic mutations and RPS was examined using CNV and somatic mutation information. ssGSEA and GSVA were employed to detect immune infiltration and immune pathway enrichment associated with key genes. The TIDE algorithm and GDSC database were utilized to forecast patients' responses of patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. Finally, we employed the 'rms' R software package to construct the nomogram. Results The prognosis of obese EC patients was associated with immune scores. Three key genes (EYA4, MBOAT2 and SCGB2A1) were identified. The risk prognosis score (RPS) for obese EC patients was established by risk stratification and prognostic prediction using prognostic genes. The higher the RPS, the worse the prognosis, and the more malignant the genomic alterations. The high RPS group had a significantly reduced proportion of most immune cells in comparison to the low RPS group. The high RPS group was linked to G2M, MYC and E2F related pathways such as cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell death. Cisplatin, tamoxifen and topotecan had a greater effect on the low RPS group. Notably, the nomogram had a good predictive ability. Conclusion Our study designed a reliable RPS for obese EC patients to forecast their prognosis, immune aggressiveness, and responses to immunotherapy and drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tong
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150088, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiujie Chen
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Tung KTS, Tsang HW, Ngo U, Wong RS, Chow CHY, Tso WHY, Yam JCS, Chan GCF, Ip P. A systematic review on the applicability of cell-free DNA level as an obesity biomarker. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13765. [PMID: 38770721 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern in recent decades. Utilizing biomarkers presents a promising approach to comprehensively monitor the progress of obesity and its associated health conditions. This review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the correlation between cfDNA level and obesity and to provide insights into the applicability of using cfDNA level as a tool for monitoring progression of obesity. Searches were performed in PubMed and Embase on April 1, 2022. Data and other relevant information were extracted and compiled into a structured table for further analysis. Among 1170 articles screened, 11 articles were included in this review and assessed qualitatively. The results demonstrated that existing evidence mainly focused on three populations, including healthy individuals, cancer patients and pregnant women. Majority of the studies on healthy individuals identified a significant association between cfDNA level and body weight status but not among cancer patients. Varying results were observed among pregnant women at different gestational trimesters. Our review summarized some preliminary evidence on the association between cfDNA level and obesity. More cohort studies in larger scale with comprehensive assessment have to be conducted to examine the applicability of cfDNA as a biomarker for severity and disease progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T S Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Wai Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ulrike Ngo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rosa S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling (SEC), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clare H Y Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie H Y Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C S Yam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Gutiérrez-García C, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Vilariño-García T, Flores-Campos R, Pérez-Pérez A, Garnacho C, Sánchez-León ML, García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Palazón-Carrión N, De La Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Impact of obesity‑associated myeloid‑derived suppressor cells on cancer risk and progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:79. [PMID: 38940351 PMCID: PMC11251741 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. This disorder is characterized by chronic low‑grade inflammation, which promotes the release of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and leptin. Simultaneously, chronic inflammation can predispose to cancer development, progression and metastasis. Proinflammatory molecules are involved in the recruitment of specific cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. These cell populations include myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous, immature myeloid population with immunosuppressive abilities. Obesity‑associated MDSCs have been linked with tumor dissemination, progression and poor clinical outcomes. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the impact of obesity‑associated MDSCs on cancer in both preclinical models and oncological patients with obesity. A secondary objective was to examine the key role that leptin, the most important proinflammatory mediator released by adipocytes, plays in MDSC‑driven immunosuppression Finally, an overview is provided of the different therapeutic approaches available to target MDSCs in the context of obesity‑related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio Flores-Campos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria L. Sánchez-León
- Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García-Domínguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Palazón-Carrión
- Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis De La Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
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Da L, Tarasenko Y, Chen C. Asian American sub-ethnic disparities and trends in epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:685-702. [PMID: 38967965 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2359387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosis, treatment and survival across disaggregated Asian sub-ethnic groups are sparse. Few studies have also conducted trend analyses of these outcomes within and across Asian groups. METHODS Using logistic, Cox, and Joinpoint regression analyses of the 2000-2018 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we examined disparities and trends in OC advanced stage diagnosis, receipt of treatments and the 5-year cause-specific survival across seven Asian sub-ethnic groups. RESULTS There were 6491 OC patients across seven Asian sub-ethnic groups (mean [SD] age, 57.29 [13.90] years). There were 1583(24.39%) Filipino, 1183(18.23%) Chinese, and 761(11.72%) Asian Indian or Pakistani (AIP) patients. The majority (52.49%) were diagnosed with OC with at an advanced stage. AIP were more likely to have advanced stage diagnosis than other subgroups (ORs, 95%CIs: 0.77, 0.62-0.96 [Filipino]; 0.76, 0.60-0.95 [Chinese]; 0.71, 0.54-0.94 [Japanese]; 0.74, 0.56-0.98 [Vietnamese] and 0.66, 0.53-0.83 [Other Asians]). The Filipinos were least likely to receive surgery but most likely to undergo chemotherapy. Japanese patients had the worst 5-year OC cause-specific survival (50.29%, 95%CI: 46.20%-54.74%). Based on the aggregated analyses, there was a significantly decreased trend in advanced-stage diagnosis and an increased trend in receipt of chemotherapy. Trends in OC outcomes for several subethnicities differed from those observed in aggregated analyses. CONCLUSION In this cohort study of 6491 patients, OC diagnosis, treatment, survival, and trends differed across Asian American ethnic subgroups. Such differences must be considered in future research and interventions to ensure all Asian American subethnicities equally benefit from the advancements in OC care and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Da
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelena Tarasenko
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University (GSU), Statesboro, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Big Data, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics, GoBroad Research Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li ZP, Song YC, Li YL, Guo D, Chen D, Li Y. Association between operative position and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:2088-2095. [PMID: 39087131 PMCID: PMC11287665 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i7.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat morbid obesity, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the common complications after bariatric surgery. At present, the mechanism of the high incidence of PONV after weight-loss surgery has not been clearly explained, and this study aims to investigate the effect of surgical position on PONV in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. AIM To explore the effect of the operative position during bariatric surgery on PONV. METHODS Data from obese patients, who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the authors' hospital between June 2020 and February 2022 were divided into 2 groups and retrospectively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and the t-test were used to study the influence of operative position on PONV. RESULTS There were 15 cases of PONV in the supine split-leg group (incidence rate, 50%) and 11 in the supine group (incidence rate, 36.7%) (P = 0.297). The mean operative duration in the supine split-leg group was 168.23 ± 46.24 minutes and 140.60 ± 32.256 minutes in the supine group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that operative position was not an independent risk factor for PONV (odds ratio = 1.192, 95% confidence interval: 0.376-3.778, P = 0.766). CONCLUSION Operative position during LSG may affect PONV; however, the difference in the incidence of PONV was not statistically significant. Operative position should be carefully considered for obese patients before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
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Ghareghomi S, Arghavani P, Mahdavi M, Khatibi A, García-Jiménez C, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Hyperglycemia-driven signaling bridges between diabetes and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116450. [PMID: 39059774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing epidemiological evidence indicates an association between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, suggesting the existence of common underlying mechanisms in these diseases. Frequent hyperglycemias in type 2 diabetes promote pro-inflammatory responses and stimulate intracellular metabolic flux which rewires signaling pathways and influences the onset and advancement of different types of cancers. Here, we review the provocative impact of hyperglycemia on a subset of interconnected signalling pathways that regulate (i) cell growth and survival, (ii) metabolism adjustments, (iii) protein function modulation in response to nutrient availability (iv) and cell fate and proliferation and which are driven respectively by PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), O-GlcNAc (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) and Wnt/β-catenin. Specifically, we will elaborate on their involvement in glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation, highlighting their interplay in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Furthermore, the influence of antineoplastic and antidiabetic drugs on the unbridled cellular pathways will be examined. This review aims to inspire the next molecular studies to understand how type 2 diabetes may lead to certain cancers. This will contribute to personalized medicine and direct better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Custodia García-Jiménez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ali A Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Kompella P, Wang G, Durrett RE, Lai Y, Marin C, Liu Y, Habib SL, DiGiovanni J, Vasquez KM. Obesity increases genomic instability at DNA repeat-mediated endogenous mutation hotspots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6213. [PMID: 39043652 PMCID: PMC11266421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased cancer risk, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Obesity-associated cancers involve disruptions in metabolic and cellular pathways, which can lead to genomic instability. Repetitive DNA sequences capable of adopting alternative DNA structures (e.g., H-DNA) stimulate mutations and are enriched at mutation hotspots in human cancer genomes. However, it is not known if obesity impacts DNA repeat-mediated endogenous mutation hotspots. We address this gap by measuring mutation frequencies in obese and normal-weight transgenic reporter mice carrying either a control human B-DNA- or an H-DNA-forming sequence (from a translocation hotspot in c-MYC in Burkitt lymphoma). Here, we discover that H-DNA-induced DNA damage and mutations are elevated in a tissue-specific manner, and DNA repair efficiency is reduced in obese mice compared to those on the control diet. These findings elucidate the impact of obesity on cancer-associated endogenous mutation hotspots, providing mechanistic insight into the link between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Guliang Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Russell E Durrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Celeste Marin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA.
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11
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Yang W, Zeng H, Jin Y. Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080605. [PMID: 39019640 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight or obesity among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy is on the rise. The utilisation of robotic assistance has the potential to enhance the feasibility of performing minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy in this particular group of patients who are at a higher risk. The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This investigation will systematically search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised comparative studies that compare robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with open or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with overweight or obesity, using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality of studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RevMan software (V.5.4.1) will be used for statistical analysis. The OR and weighted mean differences will be calculated separately for dichotomous and continuous data. The selection of a fixed-effects or random-effects model will depend on the level of heterogeneity observed among the included studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be conducted based on data in the published literature from publicly available databases. Therefore, ethics approval is not applicable. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023462321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yang
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Jin
- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai, China
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12
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Arnold KD, Ong KL, Ravi G, Cutshall H, Purnell K, Wessel MC, Godby KN, Bal S, Giri S, Rogers LQ, Demark-Wahnefried W, Davies FE, Costa LJ, Morgan GJ, Birmann BM, Brown EE. Anthropometric traits and risk of multiple myeloma: differences by race, sex and diagnostic clinical features. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:312-324. [PMID: 38849476 PMCID: PMC11263363 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established modifiable risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM). However, associations of obesity and MM risk in Black populations, for whom obesity and MM are more common, is less clear. METHODS Using participants enrolled in the Integrative Molecular And Genetic Epidemiology study, we evaluated the association of anthropometric traits with MM risk overall, stratified by race and sex. Among cases, we assessed the association of BMI with the presence of myeloma-defining events. RESULTS We observed an 18% increase in MM risk for every 5 kg/m2 increase in usual adult BMI. Participants with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) had the highest risk compared to those with a normal usual adult BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.25-2.80), particularly among Black men (OR = 3.94, 95% CI 0.90-17.36). Furthermore, MM cases with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were more likely to present at diagnosis with low renal function (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.09-2.40), deletion 13q (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.08-2.76) and lytic lesions or compression fractures (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 0.82-7.01) and less likely to present with severe diffuse osteopenia (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of obesity as a modifiable risk factor for MM, particularly in high-risk populations, and for the clinical presentation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Krystle L Ong
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gayathri Ravi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hannah Cutshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kalyn Purnell
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Meredith C Wessel
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelly N Godby
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Susan Bal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Smith Giri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Faith E Davies
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Luciano J Costa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Park WY, Song G, Park JY, Jung SJ, Kim S, Ahn KS, Choe SK, Kwak HJ, Park J, Um JY. Epigallocatechin gallate protects against fat and muscle atrophy in B16BL6 melanoma-bearing mice on a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2024; 348:122677. [PMID: 38702026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological evidence indicates that there is a substantial association between body mass index (BMI) and at least ten forms of cancer, including melanoma, and BMI imbalance contributes to the poor survival rate of cancer patients before and after therapy. Nevertheless, few pharmacological studies on models of obesity and cancer have been reported. In this study, we administered epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) to examine its impact. METHODS B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice were fed a HFD. Body weight and food intake were documented every week. We conducted a Western blot analysis to examine the protein levels in the tumor, gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, as well as the inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissues (iWAT and eWAT). KEY FINDINGS EGCG has been shown to have anti-cancer effects equivalent to those of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. Furthermore, EGCG protected against the loss of epidydimal white adipose tissue by regulating protein levels of lipolysis factors of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase as well as WAT browning factors of uncoupling protein 1, as opposed to cisplatin. EGCG was shown to reduce the protein levels of muscular atrophy factors of muscle RING-finger protein-1, whereas cisplatin did not contribute to rescuing the atrophy of TA and GAS muscles. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that EGCG has a preventive effect against cachexia symptoms and has anti-cancer effects similar to those of cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Ye Y, Xu G. Construction of a new prognostic model for colorectal cancer based on bulk RNA-seq combined with The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2704-2720. [PMID: 38988915 PMCID: PMC11231782 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and improving the prognosis of CRC patients is an urgent concern. The aim of this study was to explore new immunotherapy targets to improve survival in CRC patients. Methods We analyzed CRC-related single-cell data GSE201348 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, we performed differential analysis on the rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) transcriptome sequencing data [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC queue] and clinical data downloaded from TCGA database. Subgroup analysis was performed using CIBERSORTx and cluster analysis. Finally, biomarkers were identified by one-way cox regression as well as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Results In this study, we analyzed CRC-related single-cell data GSE201348, and identified 5,210 DEGs. Subsequently, we performed differential analysis on the TCGA-CRC queue database, and obtained 4,408 DEGs. Then, we categorized the cancer samples in the sequencing data into three groups (k1, k2, and k3), with significant differences observed between the k1 and k2 groups via survival analysis. Further differential analysis on the samples in the k1 and k2 groups identified 1,899 DEGs. A total of 77 DEGs were selected among those DEGs obtained from three differential analyses. Through subsequent Cox univariate analysis and LASSO analysis, seven biomarkers (RETNLB, CLCA4, UGT2A3, SULT1B1, CCL24, BMP5, and ATOH1) were identified and selected to establish a risk score (RS). Conclusions To sum up, this study demonstrates the potential of the seven-gene prognostic risk model as instrumental variables for predicting the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Owens S, Seto E, Hajat A, Fishman P, Koné A, Jones-Smith JC. Assessing the Influence of Redlining on Intergenerational Wealth and Body Mass Index Through a Quasi-experimental Framework. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02044-7. [PMID: 38849692 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of body mass index (BMI), particularly for those who have obesity defined as class II and III, are correlated with excess risk of all-cause mortality in the USA, and these risks disproportionately affects marginalized communities impacted by systemic racism. Redlining, a form of structural racism, is a practice by which federal agencies and banks disincentivized mortgage investments in predominantly racialized minority neighborhoods, contributing to residential segregation. The extent to which redlining contributes to current-day wealth and health inequities, including obesity, through wealth pathways or limited access to health-promoting resources, remains unclear. Our quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the generational impacts of redlining on wealth and body mass index (BMI) outcomes. METHODS We leveraged the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps to implement a geographical regression discontinuity design, where treatment assignment is randomly based on the boundary location of PSID grandparents in yellowlined vs. redlined areas and used outcome measures of wealth and mean BMI of grandchildren. To estimate our effects, we used a continuity-based approach and applied data-driven procedures to identify the most appropriate bandwidths for a valid estimation and inference. RESULTS In our fully adjusted model, grandchildren with grandparents living in redlined areas had lower average household wealth (β = - $35,419; 95% CIrbc - $37,423, - $7615) and a notably elevated mean BMI (β = 7.47; 95% CIrbc - 4.00, 16.60), when compared to grandchildren whose grandparents resided in yellowlined regions. CONCLUSION Our research supports the idea that redlining, a historical policy rooted in structural racism, is a key factor contributing to disparities in wealth accumulation and, conceivably, body mass index across racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanise Owens
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15Th Ave NE, Fourth Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Fishman
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15Th Ave NE, Fourth Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ahoua Koné
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica C Jones-Smith
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15Th Ave NE, Fourth Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Akad F, Mocanu V, Filip B, Poroh M, Oboroceanu T, Akad N, Peiu SN, Scripcariu D, Scripcariu V. The Link between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: a Short Review. MAEDICA 2024; 19:360-364. [PMID: 39188821 PMCID: PMC11345048 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.2.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer represents one of the most encountered oncologic pathologies and research studies are performed thoroughly in order to identify the exact causes and possible novel therapies. Obesity is a complex manifestation associated with numerous physiological and primarily molecular changes capable of tackling the behavior of tumoral cells and the nearby or faraway microenvironment. Adipose tissue has been once considered to have limited physiological roles, but in recent years it has been recognized as an active endocrine organ, secreting substances such as growth factors and adipokines. From an epidemiological perspective, obesity - particularly morbid obesity - is linked to an unfavorable progression of cancer. A key mechanism that may elucidate the association between obesity and cancer involves the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) pathway, sex hormones, and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Akad
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Center for Obesity BioBehavioral Experimental Research, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Filip
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Surgery Department, "Regional Institute of Oncology" Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Poroh
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodor Oboroceanu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Center for Obesity BioBehavioral Experimental Research, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nada Akad
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, "Saint Spiridon Emergency County Hospital" Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin Nicolae Peiu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, "Saint Spiridon Emergency County Hospital" Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Scripcariu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Surgery Department, "Regional Institute of Oncology" Iasi, Romania
| | - Viorel Scripcariu
- "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
- Surgery Department, "Regional Institute of Oncology" Iasi, Romania
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Skiba MB, Miller D, Stratton DB, Hall CA, McKenna S, Blair CK, Demark-Wahnefried W. Adaptation and study protocol for harvest for health together Arizona: A mentored community garden intervention for survivors of cancer. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 39:101290. [PMID: 38595771 PMCID: PMC11002544 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Current health behavior recommendations for skin cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship are the same for survivors of other cancers; they include eating a healthy diet, being physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, and minimizing ultraviolet (U.V.) exposure. Few interventions exist to support health behaviors beyond U.V. exposure. We adapted Harvest for Health, a home-based mentored gardening intervention for cancer survivors, for implementation in Arizona as a community-based intervention. Methods Stakeholder-informed adaptations for Harvest for Health Together Arizona (H4H2-AZ) included updating intervention materials to be relevant to the arid desert environment, emphasizing the importance of sun safety in cancer survivorship, and shifting from a home-based to a community-based delivery model. Participants will be enrolled in cohorts aligned with growing seasons (e.g., spring, monsoon, fall) and matched to an individual 30 ft2 community garden plot for two growing seasons (6 months). Original intervention components retained are: 1) Master Gardeners deliver the intervention providing one-to-one mentorship and 2) gardening materials and supplies provided. This pilot six-month single-arm intervention will determine feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of an evidence-based adapted mentored community gardening intervention for survivors of skin cancer as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes are to explore the effects on cancer preventive health behaviors and health-related quality of life. Discussion This pilot single-arm intervention will determine feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of an evidence-based adapted mentored community gardening intervention for survivors of skin cancer. If successful, the intervention could be widely implemented throughout existing Master Gardener programs and community garden networks for survivors of other cancers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05648604. Trial registered on December 13, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B. Skiba
- Advanced Nursing Practice and Science Division, College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dylan Miller
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Delaney B. Stratton
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Dermatology, Banner University Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Caitlyn A. Hall
- W.A. Franke Honors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sharon McKenna
- Melanoma Task Force, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cindy K. Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Pakdee W, Laohawiriyakamol T, Tanutit P, Laohawiriyakamol S, Liabsuetrakul T. Association of body composition and survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer: a historical cohort study. Acta Radiol 2024; 65:575-587. [PMID: 38591936 DOI: 10.1177/02841851241241528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered body composition has been attributed to major health problems globally, particularly in patients with cancer. To date, there have not been sufficient indices for body compositions in predicting the survival of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). PURPOSE To assess the association between body composition and overall survival (OS) as well as disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with LABC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of patients with LABC diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Body composition parameters, including skeletal muscle and adiposity parameters, were measured using computed tomography at the L3 vertebra using in-house software developed by MATLAB and freeware Python 3.6.13. The association between body composition and OS and DFS were analyzed using a log-rank test and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Of 199 patients, 72 (36%) died during the follow-up period (range = 3.8-150.7 months). Median survival was 101 months. Low visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio ≤0.3 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-4.37; aHR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.33-4.56), and high composite fat (aHR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.69-6.29; aHR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.11-4.3) were associated with lower OS and DFS. Positive lymph nodes ≥3, progesterone receptor negative, and total radiation dose >5000 cGy significantly decreased both OS and DFS. A history of previous treatment before body composition assessment and surgery had a protective effect on OS and DFS. No association of sarcopenia, body mass index, and adiposity areas with survival outcomes was observed. CONCLUSION Low visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio and high composite fat were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS in patients with LABC. However, other body composition parameters showed no effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisitsak Pakdee
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Pramot Tanutit
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Ibrahim SS, Ibrahim RS, Arabi B, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D. The effect of GLP-1R agonists on the medical triad of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9. [PMID: 38801466 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential in addressing the interconnected health challenges of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The role of GLP-1R in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highlighted, emphasizing its pivotal contribution to glucose homeostasis, promoting β-cell proliferation, and facilitating insulin release. GLP-1R agonists have effectively managed obesity by reducing hunger, moderating food intake, and regulating body weight. Beyond diabetes and obesity, GLP-1R agonists exhibit a multifaceted impact on cancer progression across various malignancies. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve the modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell growth, survival, and metabolism. However, the current literature reveals a lack of in vivo studies on specific GLP-1R agonists such as semaglutide, necessitating further research to elucidate its precise mechanisms and effects, particularly in cancer. While other GLP-1R agonists have shown promising outcomes in mitigating cancer progression, the association between some GLP-1R agonists and an increased risk of cancer remains a topic requiring more profound investigation. This calls for more extensive research to unravel the intricate relationships between the GLP-1R agonist and different cancers, providing valuable insights for clinicians and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Batoul Arabi
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, 24144, Qatar.
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20
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Freire T, Pulpitel T, Clark X, Mackay F, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Solon-Biet SM, Crean AJ. The effects of paternal dietary fat versus sugar on offspring body composition and anxiety-related behavior. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114533. [PMID: 38552707 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the pre-conception parental environment has long-term consequences for offspring health and disease susceptibility. Though much of the work in this field concentrates on maternal influences, there is growing understanding that fathers also play a significant role in affecting offspring phenotypes. In this study, we investigate effects of altering the proportion of dietary fats and carbohydrates on paternal and offspring body composition and anxiety-related behavior in C57Bl/6-JArc mice. We show that in an isocaloric context, greater dietary fat increased body fat and reduced anxiety-like behavior of studs, whereas increased dietary sucrose had no significant effect. These dietary effects were not reflected in offspring traits, rather, we found sex-specific effects that differed between offspring body composition and behavioral traits. This finding is consistent with past paternal effect studies, where transgenerational effects have been shown to be more prominent in one sex over the other. Here, male offspring of fathers fed high-fat diets were heavier at 10 weeks of age due to increased lean body mass, whereas paternal diet had no significant effect on female offspring body fat or lean mass. In contrast, paternal dietary sugar appeared to have the strongest effects on male offspring behavior, with male offspring of high-sucrose fathers spending less time in the closed arms of the elevated plus maze. Both high-fat and high-sugar paternal diets were found to reduce anxiety-like behavior of female offspring, although this effect was only evident when offspring were fed a control diet. This study provides new understanding of the ways in which diet can shape the behavior of fathers and their offspring and contribute to the development of dietary guidelines to improve obesity and mental health conditions, such as anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia.
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Ximonie Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Flora Mackay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Angela J Crean
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia
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21
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Song Y, Na H, Lee SE, Kim YM, Moon J, Nam TW, Ji Y, Jin Y, Park JH, Cho SC, Lee J, Hwang D, Ha SJ, Park HW, Kim JB, Lee HW. Dysfunctional adipocytes promote tumor progression through YAP/TAZ-dependent cancer-associated adipocyte transformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4052. [PMID: 38744820 PMCID: PMC11094189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a prominent risk factor for the development of malignant tumors. However, the existing literature on the role of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to elucidate the correlation between obesity and cancer remains insufficient. Here, we aim to investigate the formation of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) and their contribution to tumor growth using mouse models harboring dysfunctional adipocytes. Specifically, we employ adipocyte-specific BECN1 KO (BaKO) mice, which exhibit lipodystrophy due to dysfunctional adipocytes. Our results reveal the activation of YAP/TAZ signaling in both CAAs and BECN1-deficient adipocytes, inducing adipocyte dedifferentiation and formation of a malignant TME. The additional deletion of YAP/TAZ from BaKO mice significantly restores the lipodystrophy and inflammatory phenotypes, leading to tumor regression. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibit decreased BECN1 and increased YAP/TAZ expression in their adipose tissues. Treatment with the YAP/TAZ inhibitor, verteporfin, suppresses tumor progression in BaKO and HFD-fed mice, highlighting its efficacy against mice with metabolic dysregulation. Overall, our findings provide insights into the key mediators of CAA and their significance in developing a TME, thereby suggesting a viable approach targeting adipocyte homeostasis to suppress cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaechan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - You Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Gemcro, Inc, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Gemcro, Inc, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Spezzini J, Piragine E, Flori L, Calderone V, Martelli A. Natural H 2S-donors: A new pharmacological opportunity for the management of overweight and obesity. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2388-2405. [PMID: 38430052 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has progressively increased in the last few years, becoming a real threat to healthcare systems. To date, the clinical management of body weight gain is an unmet medical need, as there are few approved anti-obesity drugs and most require an extensive monitoring and vigilance due to risk of adverse effects and poor patient adherence/persistence. Growing evidence has shown that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and, therefore, H2S-donors could have a central role in the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity. The main natural sources of H2S-donors are plants from the Alliaceae (garlic and onion), Brassicaceae (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, and wasabi), and Moringaceae botanical families. In particular, polysulfides and isothiocyanates, which slowly release H2S, derive from the hydrolysis of alliin from Alliaceae and glucosinolates from Brassicaceae/Moringaceae, respectively. In this review, we describe the emerging role of endogenous H2S in regulating adipose tissue function and the potential efficacy of natural H2S-donors in animal models of overweight/obesity, with a final focus on the preliminary results from clinical trials. We conclude that organosulfur-containing plants and their extracts could be used before or in combination with conventional anti-obesity agents to improve treatment efficacy and reduce inflammation in obesogenic conditions. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Kovac L, Goj T, Ouni M, Irmler M, Jähnert M, Beckers J, Hrabé De Angelis M, Peter A, Moller A, Birkenfeld AL, Weigert C, Schürmann A. Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signatures of Obese High and Low Responders to Endurance Exercise Training. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1318-1327. [PMID: 37988600 PMCID: PMC11031218 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise training is known to improve glucose tolerance and reverse insulin resistance in people with obesity. However, some individuals fail to improve or even decline in their clinical traits following exercise intervention. OBJECTIVE This study focused on gene expression and DNA methylation signatures in skeletal muscle of low (LRE) and high responders (RES) to 8 weeks of supervised endurance training. METHODS We performed skeletal muscle gene expression and DNA methylation analyses in LRE and RES before and after exercise intervention. Additionally, we applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to identify predictive marker genes of exercise outcome. RESULTS We show that the two groups differ markedly already before the intervention. RES were characterized by lower expression of genes involved in DNA replication and repair, and higher expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The LASSO approach identified several novel candidates (eg, ZCWPW2, FOXRED1, STK40) that have not been previously described in the context of obesity and exercise response. Following the intervention, LRE reacted with expression changes of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis, RES with genes related to mitochondrial function. LRE exhibited significantly higher expression of ECM components compared to RES, suggesting improper remodeling and potential negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Between 45% and 70% of differences in gene expression could be linked to differences in DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Together, our data offer an insight into molecular mechanisms underlying differences in response to exercise and provide potential novel markers for the success of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Kovac
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg 14469, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Meriem Ouni
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé De Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising 85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Anja Moller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
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24
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Rotunda W, Rains C, Jacobs SR, Ng V, Lee R, Rutledge S, Jackson MC, Myers K. Weight Loss in Short-Term Interventions for Physical Activity and Nutrition Among Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E21. [PMID: 38573796 PMCID: PMC10996390 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reaching, enrolling, and retaining participants in lengthy lifestyle change interventions for weight loss is a major challenge. The objective of our meta-analysis was to investigate whether lifestyle interventions addressing nutrition and physical activity lasting 6 months or less are effective for weight loss. Methods We searched for peer-reviewed studies on lifestyle change interventions of 6 months or less published from 2012 through 2023. Studies were screened based on inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for adults with overweight or obesity. We used a random-effects model to pool the mean difference in weight loss between intervention and control groups. We also performed subgroup analyses by intervention length and control type. Results Fourteen RCTs were identified and included in our review. Half had interventions lasting less than 13 weeks, and half lasted from 13 to 26 weeks. Seven were delivered remotely, 4 were delivered in person, and 3 used combined methods. The pooled mean difference in weight change was -2.59 kg (95% CI, -3.47 to -1.72). The pooled mean difference measured at the end of the intervention was -2.70 kg (95% CI, -3.69 to -1.71) among interventions lasting less than 13 weeks and -2.40 kg (95% CI, -4.44 to -0.37) among interventions of 13 to 26 weeks. Conclusion Short-term multicomponent interventions involving physical activity and nutrition can achieve weight loss for adults with overweight or obesity. Offering short-term interventions as alternatives to long-term ones may reach people who otherwise would be unwilling or unable to enroll in or complete longer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Rotunda
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham North Carolina 27709
| | - Caroline Rains
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sara R Jacobs
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Valerie Ng
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rachael Lee
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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25
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Tahergorabi Z, Lotfi H, Rezaei M, Aftabi M, Moodi M. Crosstalk between obesity and cancer: a role for adipokines. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:155-168. [PMID: 34644215 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1988110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ that is increasingly being recognised as the largest endocrine organ in the body. Adipocytes among multiple cell types of adipose tissue can secrete a variety of adipokines, which are involved in signalling pathways and these can be changed by obesity and cancer. There are proposed mechanisms to link obesity/adiposity to cancer development including adipocytokine dysregulation. Among these adipokines, leptin acts through multiple pathways including the STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K pathways involved in cell growth. Adiponectin has the opposite action from leptin in tumour growth partly because of increased apoptotic responses of p53 and Bax. Visfatin increases cancer cell proliferation through ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and p38 which are stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Omentin through the PI3K/Akt-Nos pathway is involved in cancer-tumour development. Apelin might be involved through angiogenesis in tumour progressions. PAI-1 via its anti-fibrinolytic activity on cell adhesion and uPA/uPAR activity influence cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamed Lotfi
- Khatamolanbia Hospital, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aftabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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26
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Garcia MM, Corrales P, Huerta MÁ, Czachorowski MJ, López-Miranda V, Medina-Gómez G, Cobos EJ, Goicoechea C, Molina-Álvarez M. Adults with excess weight or obesity, but not with overweight, report greater pain intensities than individuals with normal weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340465. [PMID: 38510698 PMCID: PMC10950917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Over 1.9 billion adult people have overweight or obesity. Considered as a chronic disease itself, obesity is associated with several comorbidities. Chronic pain affects approximately 60 million people and its connection with obesity has been displayed in several studies. However, controversial results showing both lower and higher pain thresholds in subjects with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight and the different parameters used to define such association (e.g., pain severity, frequency or duration) make it hard to draw straight forward conclusions in the matter. The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between overweight and obesity (classified with BMI as recommended by WHO) and self-perceived pain intensity in adults. Methods A literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify original studies that provide BMI values and their associated pain intensity assessed by self-report scales. Self-report pain scores were normalized and pooled within meta-analyses. The Cochrane's Q test and I2 index were used to clarify the amount of heterogeneity; meta-regression was performed to explore the relationship between each outcome and the risk of bias. Results Of 2194 studies, 31 eligible studies were identified and appraised, 22 of which provided data for a quantitative analysis. The results herein suggested that adults with excess weight (BMI ≥ 25.0) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0) but not with overweight (pre-obesity) alone (BMI 25.0-29.9), are more likely to report greater intensities of pain than individuals of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9). Subgroup analyses regarding the pathology of the patients showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Also, influence of age in the effect size, evaluated by meta-regression, was only observed in one of the four analyses. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was supported by two different sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Subjects with obesity and excess weight, but not overweight, reported greater pain intensities than individuals with normal weight. This finding encourages treatment of obesity as a component of pain management. More research is required to better understand the mechanisms of these differences and the clinical utility of the findings. Systematic Review Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RF2G3, identifier OSF.IO/RF2G3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Garcia
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Area of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms of Glucolipotoxicity and Insulin Resistance: Implications in Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (LIPOBETA), Alcorcón, Spain
- Consolidated Research Group on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipose Tissue Biology (BIOFAT), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Huerta
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute (Biomedical Research Center), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Visitación López-Miranda
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Area of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms of Glucolipotoxicity and Insulin Resistance: Implications in Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (LIPOBETA), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute (Biomedical Research Center), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
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27
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Ramshankar G, Perry RJ. A New Mitochondrial Uncoupler Improves Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:357-358. [PMID: 38377448 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Ramshankar
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Irvington High School, Fremont, CA
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Tan DJH, Ng CH, Muthiah M, Yong JN, Chee D, Teng M, Wong ZY, Zeng RW, Chin YH, Wang JW, Danpanichkul P, Rajaram RB, DasGupta R, Suzuki H, Takahashi H, Tamaki N, Dan YY, Lui R, Duseja A, Siddiqui MS, Yeoh KG, Sanyal A, Wijarnpreecha K, Loomba R, Mantzoros CS, Huang DQ. Rising global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI from 2010 to 2019. Metabolism 2024; 152:155744. [PMID: 38029839 PMCID: PMC11321712 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for cancer development, but its impact on the global burden of cancer remains unclear. METHODS We estimated global and regional temporal trends in the burden of cancer attributable to high BMI, and the contributions of various cancer types using the framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study. RESULTS From 2010 to 2019, there was a 35 % increase in deaths and a 34 % increase in disability-adjusted life-years from cancers attributable to high BMI. The age-standardized death rates for cancer attributable to high BMI increased over the study period (annual percentage change [APC] +0.48 %, 95 % CI 0.22 to 0.74 %). The greatest number of deaths from cancer attributable to high BMI occurred in Europe, but the fastest-growing age-standardized death rates and disability-adjusted life-years occurred in Southeast Asia. Liver cancer was the fastest-growing cause of cancer mortality (APC: 1.37 %, 95 % CI 1.25 to 1.49 %) attributable to high BMI. CONCLUSION The global burden of cancer-related deaths attributable to high BMI has increased substantially from 2010 to 2019. The greatest increase in age-standardized death rates occurred in Southeast Asia, and liver cancer is the fastest-growing cause of cancer mortality attributable to high BMI. Urgent and sustained measures are required at a global and regional level to reverse these trends and slow the growing burden of cancer attributed to high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Douglas Chee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Margaret Teng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yu Wong
- Nottingham Hospitals University Trust, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ruveena Bhavani Rajaram
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Rashid Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christos Socrates Mantzoros
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Patil M, Casari I, Warne LN, Falasca M. G protein-coupled receptors driven intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 reprogramming for obesity: Hope or hype? Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116245. [PMID: 38340396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
'Globesity' is a foremost challenge to the healthcare system. The limited efficacy and adverse effects of available oral pharmacotherapies pose a significant obstacle in the fight against obesity. The biology of the leading incretin hormone glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been highly captivated during the last decade owing to its multisystemic pleiotropic clinical outcomes beyond inherent glucoregulatory action. That fostered a pharmaceutical interest in synthetic GLP-1 analogues to tackle type-2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and related complications. Besides, mechanistic insights on metabolic surgeries allude to an incretin-based hormonal combination strategy for weight loss that emerged as a forerunner for the discovery of injectable 'unimolecular poly-incretin-agonist' therapies. Physiologically, intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells (EECs) are the prominent endogenous source of GLP-1 peptide. Despite comprehending the potential of various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to stimulate endogenous GLP-1 secretion, decades of translational GPCR research have failed to yield regulatory-approved endogenous GLP-1 secretagogue oral therapy. Lately, a dual/poly-GPCR agonism strategy has emerged as an alternative approach to the traditional mono-GPCR concept. This review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding by revisiting the pharmacology of a few potential GPCR-based complementary avenues that have drawn attention to the design of orally active poly-GPCR agonist therapy. The merits, challenges and recent developments that may aid future poly-GPCR drug discovery are critically discussed. Subsequently, we project the mechanism-based therapeutic potential and limitations of oral poly-GPCR agonism strategy to augment intestinal GLP-1 for weight loss. We further extend our discussion to compare the poly-GPCR agonism approach over invasive surgical and injectable GLP-1-based regimens currently in clinical practice for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Patil
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Leon N Warne
- Little Green Pharma, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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30
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Zhu R, Feng Y, Li R, Wei K, Ma Y, Liu Q, Shi D, Huang J. Isolation methods, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from different fat depots in bovines. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:643-652. [PMID: 37148505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a valuable resource for regenerative medicine and essential materials for research in fat deposition. However, the isolation procedure of ASCs has not been standardized and needs to be harmonized; differences in proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs obtained from different fat depots have not been well characterized. In the present study, we compared the efficiency of ASCs isolation by enzymatic treatment and explant culture methods and the proliferation ability and adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs isolated from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. The explant culture method was simple and with no need for expensive enzymes while the enzymatic treatment method was complex, time consuming and costly. By the explant culture method, a larger number of ASCs were isolated from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. By contrast, fewer ASCs were obtained by the enzymatic treatment method, especially from visceral adipose. ASCs isolated by the explant culture method performed well in cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, though they were slightly lower than those by the enzymatic treatment method. ASCs isolated from visceral depot demonstrated higher proliferation ability and adipogenic differentiation potential. In total, the explant culture method is simpler, more efficient, and lower cost than the enzymatic treatment method for ASCs isolation; compared with visceral adipose, subcutaneous adipose is easier to isolate ASCs; however, the visceral ASCs are superior to subcutaneous ASCs in proliferation and adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ye Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kelong Wei
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jieping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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31
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Chen J, Fan Y, Zhang M, Wu S, Li H. The neural model of front-of-package label processing. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:374-388. [PMID: 37604108 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Front-of-package (FOP) labels have been adopted in many countries to battle the obesity pandemic and its serious health consequences by providing clearer and easier-to-understand nutrition and health information. The effectiveness of FOP labels has been generally confirmed, with some contextual and individual factors modifying their effectiveness. Existing theories (eg, the dual-process theory) and shifting priorities for self-control, provide some explanations for the FOP label effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the processing of FOP labels remain unknown. Here, a new model, namely, the neural model of FOP label processing, has been proposed to fill this gap by providing an integrated account of FOP label processing while simultaneously considering multiple important situational and individual factors in the same framework. This neural model is built on the core eating network (ie, the ventral reward pathway and the dorsal control pathway) for food cue processing and actual food consumption. The new model explains how FOP labels may facilitate attention, influence the core eating network, and thus alter food choices. It also demonstrates how motivation may modify FOP label processing in 2 ways: affecting attention (the indirect way) and changing the process of evaluating the food (the direct way). It further explains how some contextual and individual factors (eg, ego depletion, time pressure, and health knowledge) influence the process. Thus, the neural model integrates evidence from behavioral, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging studies into a single, integrated account, deepening understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of FOP label processing. This model might facilitate consensus on the most successful FOP label. Moreover, it could provide insights for consumers, food industries, and policy makers and encourage healthy eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Manlu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuhuan Wu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Kellner AV, Hunter R, Do P, Eggert J, Jaffe M, Geitgey DK, Lee M, Hamilton JAG, Ross AJ, Ank RS, Bender RL, Ma R, Porter CC, Dreaden EC, Au-Yeung BB, Haynes KA, Henry CJ, Salaita K. The T-cell niche tunes immune function through modulation of the cytoskeleton and TCR-antigen forces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578101. [PMID: 38352441 PMCID: PMC10862838 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health crisis given its rampant growth and association with an increased risk for cancer. Interestingly, patients with obesity tend to have an increased tumor burden and decreased T-cell function. It remains unclear how obesity compromises T-cell mediated immunity. To address this question, we modeled the adipocyte niche using the secretome released from adipocytes as well as the niche of stromal cells and investigated how these factors modulated T-cell function. We found that the secretomes altered antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering and activation. RNA-sequencing analysis identified thousands of gene targets modulated by the secretome including those associated with cytoskeletal regulation and actin polymerization. We next used molecular force probes to show that T-cells exposed to the adipocyte niche display dampened force transmission to the TCR-antigen complex and conversely, stromal cell secreted factors lead to significantly enhanced TCR forces. These results were then validated in diet-induced obese mice. Importantly, secretome-mediated TCR force modulation mirrored the changes in T-cell functional responses in human T-cells using the FDA-approved immunotherapy, blinatumomab. Thus, this work shows that the adipocyte niche contributes to T-cell dysfunction through cytoskeletal modulation and reduces TCR triggering by dampening TCR forces consistent with the mechanosensor model of T-cell activation.
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33
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Kim H, Rajbhandari A, Krile R, Lang IM, Antonakos CL, Colabianchi N. Body Mass Index Trajectories among the Healthy Communities Study Children: Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Childhood Obesity. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:203-215. [PMID: 36656440 PMCID: PMC9851105 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify statistically distinguishable trajectories of childhood body mass index (BMI), an important indicator of developmental status of children, and to provide a summary description of demographic characteristics of children based on these distinctive trajectories. Using data from the Healthy Communities Study (HCS), a large longitudinal dataset with oversamples of Hispanic and Black children across 130 communities in the USA, a group-based trajectory analysis approach was used to estimate trajectories of children based on their BMI-z scores. The three most distinguishable BMI trajectory groups identified for the HCS children show no marked increase or decrease in standardized BMI over an age range of 2 to 11. Approximately 28.5% of children were in a trajectory group with consistently obese BMI-z scores for their sex and age. The patterns of BMI trajectory groups identified for boys and girls are similar, but BMI-z scores for boys tend to be slightly higher than those for girls. These BMI trajectories are characterized by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status disparities. Hispanic and Black children were more likely to be in the obese trajectory group than White children. Children with parents having less education, or children from low family income level, were more likely to be in the obese trajectory group than counterpart children. The findings suggest that BMI disparities exist from the early years of childhood and persist across childhood, with higher BMI associated with Black and Hispanic children as well as those from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoshin Kim
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Health Analytics, 1100 Dexter Avenue North, Suite 275, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | | | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Health Analytics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Monrabal Lezama M, Bras Harriott C, Herbella FAM, Schlottmann F. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Pathophysiology and Management. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024; 34:167-172. [PMID: 38153398 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with obesity are often affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the ideal operation for patients with severe obesity and GERD. Although the majority of patients improve their reflux with the operation, some might persist symptomatic and others can even develop de novo GERD. The aim of this study was to determine pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of GERD after RYGB surgery and define potential treatments for this condition. Materials and Methods: Studies including patients with GERD before and after RYGB and/or analyzing possible GERD therapies were analyzed by the authors. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Results: GERD can persist, worsen, or develop after RYGB. There are certain technical elements of the operation identified as potential risk factors for GERD. Medical therapy is effective in the majority of patients. Both endoscopic and surgical procedures can also help resolving GERD after RYGB. Conclusions: Although the majority of patients with GERD after RYGB can be effectively managed with medical therapy, some may require endoscopic or surgical treatment. Critical technical elements of RYGB should be considered to reduce the risk of postoperative GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando A M Herbella
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Schlottmann
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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35
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Saha MR, Dey P. Pharmacological benefits of Acacia against metabolic diseases: intestinal-level bioactivities and favorable modulation of gut microbiota. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:70-86. [PMID: 34411504 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1966475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity-associated chronic metabolic disease is a leading contributor to mortality globally. Plants belonging to the genera Acacia are routinely used for the treatment of diverse metabolic diseases under different ethnomedicinal practices around the globe. OBJECTIVE The current review centres around the pharmacological evidence of intestinal-level mechanisms for metabolic health benefits by Acacia spp. RESULTS Acacia spp. increase the proportions of gut commensals (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and reduces the population of opportunistic pathobionts (Escherichia coli and Clostridium). Acacia gum that is rich in fibre, can also be a source of prebiotics to improve gut health. The intestinal-level anti-inflammatory activities of Acacia are likely to contribute to improvements in gut barrier function that would prevent gut-to-systemic endotoxin translocation and limit "low-grade" inflammation associated with metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review for the first time has emphasised the intestinal-level benefits of Acacia spp. which could be instrumental in limiting the burden of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Saha
- Department of Life Science, Vidyasagar Primary Teachers Training Institute (B.Ed.), Malda, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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36
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Cooke PV, Chennareddy S, Kalagara R, George JM, Bai H, Faries CM, Ting W, Rao A, Marin ML, Faries PL, Tadros RO. Body Mass Index Impacts Indication But Not Outcomes of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 99:135-141. [PMID: 37922959 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies looking at thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) outcomes in obese and overweight patients. Our objective was to determine the rate of complications, reintervention, and short-term mortality in normal weight, overweight, and obese patients undergoing TEVAR. METHODS Patients undergoing TEVAR at a large tertiary hospital from October 2007 to January 2020 were analyzed. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts based on body mass index (BMI): normal (18.5-25 kg/m2), overweight (25-30 kg/m2), and obese (>30 kg/m2). Primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year survival. Intraoperative, in-hospital, and postdischarge complications were assessed as secondary outcomes using the Clavian-Dindo classification system. In addition, reinterventions associated with the index TEVAR procedure as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Among 204 patients fitting the study criteria, we identified 65 with normal BMI, 78 overweight, and 61 obese patients. Obese patients were younger than the overweight and normal BMI patients (mean age 62.2 vs. 66.7 vs. 70.7, respectively, P = 0.003). In terms of TEVAR indication, the obese cohort had the highest percentage of patients with type B aortic dissection (36.4%), while the normal BMI cohort had the higher proportion of patients undergoing TEVAR for isolated thoracic aortic aneurysm (63.9%). Intraoperative complications did not significantly differ between cohorts. Postoperatively, in-hospital complications, postdischarge complications and 30-day return to the operative room did not differ significantly between study cohorts. Odds of reintervention did not differ significantly between cohorts, both on univariate and multivariate analysis. Log-rank test of Kaplan Meier analysis revealed no difference in reintervention-free survival (P = 0.22). Thirty-day mortality and 1-year overall survival were similar across cohorts. Both univariate and multivariate logarithmic regression revealed no difference in likelihood of 30-day mortality between the obese and normal cohort. CONCLUSIONS There were no measurable differences in complications, reinterventions, or mortality, suggesting that vascular surgeons can perform TEVAR across a spectrum of BMI without compromising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Cooke
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Susmita Chennareddy
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roshini Kalagara
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Justin M George
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Halbert Bai
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christopher M Faries
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Windsor Ting
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ajit Rao
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Michael L Marin
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peter L Faries
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rami O Tadros
- Division of Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Hirko KA, Lucas DR, Pathak DR, Hamilton AS, Post LM, Ihenacho U, Carnegie NB, Houang RT, Schwartz K, Velie EM. Lifetime alcohol consumption patterns and young-onset breast cancer by subtype among Non-Hispanic Black and White women in the Young Women's Health History Study. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:377-391. [PMID: 37787924 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of alcohol in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) is unclear. We examined associations between lifetime alcohol consumption and YOBC in the Young Women's Health History Study, a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among Non-Hispanic Black and White women < 50 years of age. METHODS Breast cancer cases (n = 1,812) were diagnosed in the Metropolitan Detroit and Los Angeles County SEER registry areas, 2010-2015. Controls (n = 1,381) were identified through area-based sampling and were frequency-matched to cases by age, site, and race. Alcohol consumption and covariates were collected from in-person interviews. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between alcohol consumption and YOBC overall and by subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, or triple negative). RESULTS Lifetime alcohol consumption was not associated with YOBC overall or with subtypes (all ptrend ≥ 0.13). Similarly, alcohol consumption in adolescence, young and middle adulthood was not associated with YOBC (all ptrend ≥ 0.09). An inverse association with triple-negative YOBC, however, was observed for younger age at alcohol use initiation (< 18 years vs. no consumption), aOR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.42, 0.93). No evidence of statistical interaction by race or household poverty was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest alcohol consumption has a different association with YOBC than postmenopausal breast cancer-lifetime consumption was not linked to increased risk and younger age at alcohol use initiation was associated with a decreased risk of triple-negative YOBC. Future studies on alcohol consumption in YOBC subtypes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Darek R Lucas
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy R Pathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia M Post
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard T Houang
- Department of Education, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Velie
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Rubbert-Roth A, Kakehasi AM, Takeuchi T, Schmalzing M, Palac H, Coombs D, Liu J, Anyanwu SI, Lippe R, Curtis JR. Malignancy in the Upadacitinib Clinical Trials for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:97-112. [PMID: 37982966 PMCID: PMC10796874 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article aims to describe malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) treated with upadacitinib (UPA) or active comparators. METHODS This integrated safety analysis includes data from 11 phase 3 UPA trials across RA (6 trials), PsA (2 trials), AS (2 trials; one phase 2b/3), and nr-axSpA (1 trial). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were summarized for RA (pooled UPA 15 mg [UPA15], pooled UPA 30 mg [UPA30], adalimumab 40 mg [ADA], methotrexate monotherapy [MTX]), PsA (pooled UPA15, pooled UPA30, ADA), AS (pooled UPA15), and nr-axSpA (UPA15). TEAEs were reported as exposure-adjusted event rates (events/100 patient-years). RESULTS Median treatment duration ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 years (with a maximum of 6.6 years in RA). Across treatments and indications, rates of malignancy excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) ranged from 0.2 to 1.1, while NMSC ranged from 0.0 to 1.4. In RA, rates of malignancy excluding NMSC were generally similar between UPA15, UPA30, ADA, and MTX (breast and lung cancer were the most common). In RA and PsA, Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed no differences in event onset of malignancy excluding NMSC with UPA15 versus UPA30 over time. In RA, NMSC rates were higher with UPA30 than UPA15; both UPA15 and UPA30 were higher than ADA and MTX. In PsA, rates of malignancy excluding NMSC and NMSC were generally similar between UPA15, UPA30, and ADA. In AS and nr-axSpA, malignancies were reported infrequently. Few events of lymphoma were reported across the clinical programs. CONCLUSION Rates of malignancy excluding NMSC were generally similar between UPA15, UPA30, ADA, and MTX and were consistent across RA, PsA, AS, and nr-axSpA. A dose-dependent increased rate of NMSC was observed with UPA in RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicaTrials.gov identifier: NCT02706873, NCT02675426, NCT02629159, NCT02706951, NCT02706847, NCT03086343, NCT03104400, NCT03104374, NCT03178487, and NCT04169373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rubbert-Roth
- Division of Rheumatology, Cantonal Clinic St Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Adriana M Kakehasi
- Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Wϋrzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralph Lippe
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Pandit P, Shirke C, Bhatia N, Godad A, Belemkar S, Patel J, Zine S. An Overview of Recent Findings that Shed Light on the Connection between Fat and Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:178-193. [PMID: 37489790 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230724141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and cancer have been found to have a direct link in epidemiological studies. Obesity raises the risk of cancer and associated chronic disorders. Furthermore, an imbalance of adipokines, like leptins, plays a crucial role in neoplasm pathogenesis, cell migration, and thereby, cancer metastasis. Also, leptin increases human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein levels through the STAT3-mediated (signal transducer and activator of transcription) upregulation of heat shock protein (Hsp90) in breast cancer cells. It has been noticed that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act as mitosis activators in the host and cancerous breast epithelial cells. The condition of hyperinsulinemia explains the positive association between colorectal cancer and obesity. Furthermore, in prostate cancer, an alteration in sex hormone levels, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, has been reported to occur, along with increased oxidative stress, which is the actual cause of the tumors. Whereas, there have been two interconnected factors that play a crucial role in the psychological cycle concerned with lung cancer. The review article focuses on all the prospects of etiological mechanisms that have found linkage with obesity and breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, the article has also highlighted how these new insights into the processes occur and, due to which reasons, obesity contributes to tumorigenesis. This review provides a detailed discussion on the progression, which can assist in the development of new and innovative techniques to interfere in this process, and it has been supported with insights based on evidence literature on approved clinical treatments for obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chaitanya Shirke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management - (SPPSPTM), Mumbai, India
| | - Nirav Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayshree Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Zine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Uzun E, Polat ME, Ceviz K, Olcucuoglu E, Tastemur S, Kasap Y, Senel S, Ozdemir O. The importance of periprostatic fat tissue thickness measured by preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in upstage prediction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Investig Clin Urol 2024; 65:53-61. [PMID: 38197751 PMCID: PMC10789532 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed the surgical results of patients who were treated and followed up for prostate cancer in our clinic to predict the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue and patients with and without pathologically upstaged disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and preoperative multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging between 18 February 2019 and 1 April 2022. The patients were divided into two groups, and the surgical and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathology results were compared according to tumor grade and distribution in 124 patients who met the selection criteria. We analyzed the relationships between upgrading/upstaging and periprostatic adipose tissue thickness (PPATT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) as measured in magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The median PPATT was 4.03 mm, whereas the median SATT was 36.4 mm. Upgrading was detected in 45 patients (36.3%), and upstaging was detected in 42 patients (33.9%). A receiver operating characteristic regression analysis revealed that a PPATT >3 mm was a predictive factor for upstaging after radical prostatectomy (area under curve=0.623, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.519-0.727, p=0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that prostate specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/cm3 (odds ratio [OR] 5.054, 95% CI 2.008-12.724, p=0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥4 (OR 9.369, 95% CI 2.109-21.626, p=0.003) and higher PPATT (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.081-1.707, p=0.009) were independent risk factors for upstaging after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the PPATT may be a predictive indicator for upstaging after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Uzun
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Kazim Ceviz
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Sedat Tastemur
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kasap
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Samet Senel
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ozkan Ozdemir
- Department of Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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Ahmedah HT, Basheer HA, Almazari I, Amawi KF. Introduction to Nutrition and Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:1-32. [PMID: 39133402 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
By the beginning of the year 2021, the estimated number of new cancer cases worldwide was about 19.3 million and there were 10.0 million cancer-related deaths. Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide that can be attributed to genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. The good nutrition concept focuses on the dietary requirements to sustain life. There is a substantial amount of evidence suggesting that a healthy diet can modulate cancer risk, particularly the risk of colorectal and breast cancers. Many studies have evaluated the correlation between our diet and the risk of cancer development, prevention, and treatment. The effect of diet on cancer development is likely to happen through intertwining mechanisms including inflammation and immune responses. For instance, a greater intake of red and processed meat along with low consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers that are implicated in cancer development. On the other hand, the consumption of phytosterols, vitamins, and minerals, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles have been linked to lower cancer risk, or even its occurrence prevention. In this book, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrition in cancer to provide the best scientific advice in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 25732, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Inas Almazari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Kawther Faisal Amawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
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Borlongan MC, Saha D, Wang H. Tumor Microenvironment: A Niche for Cancer Stem Cell Immunotherapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:3-24. [PMID: 37861969 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), often called tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represent a unique subset of cells within the tumor milieu. They stand apart from the bulk of tumor cells due to their exceptional self-renewal, metastatic, and differentiation capabilities. Despite significant progress in classifying CSCs, these cells remain notably resilient to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, contributing to cancer recurrence. In this review, our objective is to explore novel avenues of research that delve into the distinctive characteristics of CSCs within their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). We will start with an overview of the defining features of CSCs and then delve into their intricate interactions with cells from the lymphoid lineage, namely T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, we will discuss their dynamic interplay with myeloid lineage cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Moreover, we will illuminate the crosstalk between CSCs and cells of mesenchymal origin, specifically fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. Subsequently, we will underscore the pivotal role of CSCs within the context of the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we will highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies that target CSCs within the intricate landscape of the TME, including CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viruses, and CSC-vaccines, with the ultimate goal of uncovering novel avenues for CSC-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Borlongan
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA.
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Lin S, Shen R, Huang J, Liu Y, Li H, Xu Q. Identification of genomic-wide genetic links between cutaneous melanoma and obesity-related physical traits via cFDR. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1549-1562. [PMID: 37768517 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested the comorbidity between cutaneous melanoma (CM) and obesity-related physical traits. However, it remains unclear about their shared genetic architecture. OBJECTIVE To determine the shared genetic architecture between CM and obesity-related physical traits through conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) analysis. METHOD Quantile-quantile plots were firstly built to assess the pleiotropic enrichment of shared single nucleotide polymorphisms between CM and each trait. Then, cFDR and conjunctional cFDR (ccFDR) were used to identify the shared risk loci between CM and each trait. Moreover, the functional evaluation of shared risk genes was carried out through analyses of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology, respectively. Finally, single-cell sequence analysis was performed to locate the expression of eQTL-mapped genes in tissues. RESULTS Successive pleiotropic enrichment was found between CM and 5 obesity-related traits or height. 24 shared risk loci were identified between CM and 13 traits except appendicular lean mass using ccFDR analysis, with 17 novel and 4 validated loci. The functions of ccFDR-identified and eQTL-mapped genes were revealed to be mainly involved in cellular senescence, proliferation, meiotic nuclear division, cell cycle, and the metabolism of lipid, cholesterol and glucose. Single-cell sequence analysis showed that keratinocytes contribute to the occurrence and aggressiveness of CM through secreting paracrine cytokines. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the significant genetic correlation between CM and obesity-related physical traits, which may provide a novel genetical basis for the pathogenesis and treatment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runnan Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqian Huang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Syrnioti G, Eden CM, Johnson JA, Alston C, Syrnioti A, Newman LA. Social Determinants of Cancer Disparities. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:8094-8104. [PMID: 37723358 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health issue that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. At its root, cancer represents a genetic aberration, but socioeconomic, environmental, and geographic factors contribute to different cancer outcomes for selected population subsets. The disparities in the delivery of healthcare affect all aspects of cancer management from early prevention to end-of-life care. In an effort to address the inequality in the delivery of healthcare among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, the World Health Organization defined social determinants of health (SDOH) as conditions in which people are born, live, work, and age. These factors play a significant role in the disproportionate cancer burden among different population groups. SDOH are associated with disparities in risk factor burden, screening modalities, diagnostic testing, treatment options, and quality of life of patients with cancer. The purpose of this article is to describe a more holistic and integrated approach to patients with cancer and address the disparities that are derived from their socioeconomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Syrnioti
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, One Brooklyn Health-Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Claire M Eden
- Department of Surgery New York Presbyterian Queens, Weill Cornell Medicine, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Josh A Johnson
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chase Alston
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia Syrnioti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Lisa A Newman
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Zoumpou T, Fleishman A, Jones DB, Wee CC. Decision regret up to 6 years after sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:9381-9392. [PMID: 37653161 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most popular types of weight loss surgery today but is neither risk-free nor universally effective. We previously demonstrated that 5% of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients and up to 20% of gastric banding patients report overall regret 4 years after surgery. This study explores patients' attitudes toward their decision to have SG and decision regret rates up to 6 years postoperatively. METHODS We surveyed 185 patients who were at least 6 months post-SG (response rate 30%). We used a modified version of the Decision Regret Scale developed by Brehaut et al. We converted responses to a 0-100 scale so that higher scores (> 50) reflect greater regret. We characterized patients who expressed having overall decision regret (score > 50) vs. those who did not (≤ 50). Demographic and preoperative clinical information was extracted from the online medical records. RESULTS Of 185 SG patients, only 13 (7%) reported regret scores > 50 (i.e. high decision regret). Mean time from SG to survey completion was 41 months (range 6-76 months). Unadjusted comparisons between the two groups revealed that patients with high regret scores had lower mean weight loss (32.1% vs. 48.9% EBMIL), and reported less improvement in quality-of-life (QoL), such as physical health (46.2% vs. 93.5% "somewhat" or "significantly" improved). The two groups were similar in short-term complications, but those reporting overall regret were more likely to report GI complaints such as bloating (61.5% vs. 30.4%). Finally, patients with regret scores > 50 were more likely to be further out from SG (median time since surgery 61.8 vs. 41.1 months). CONCLUSION In our study, very few patients reported regret (7%) up to 6 years postoperatively, in line with prior reports after RYGB. Those with regret reported poorer QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofano Zoumpou
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aaron Fleishman
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Deaconess 207, 185 Pilgrim Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christina C Wee
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Djalalimotlagh S, Mohaghegh MR, Ghodraty MR, Shafeinia A, Rokhtabnak F, Alinia T, Tavakoli F. Comparison of Fat-Free Mass and Ideal Body Weight Scalar for Anesthetic Induction Dose of Propofol in Patients with Morbid Obesity: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e140027. [PMID: 38666228 PMCID: PMC11041816 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-140027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and can affect both the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of various drugs, including anesthetics, resulting in the under-or overdosing of certain drugs. There is no consensus on the ideal dosing regimen for obese populations. Objectives In this study, 2 weight-based dosing of propofol used for induction of anesthesia were compared in terms of the onset of action time, adequacy of anesthesia, and effects on hemodynamic indices (eg, heart rate [HR] and blood pressure). Methods In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 40 patients with morbid obesity (MO) scheduled for bariatric surgery with body mass index (BMI) > 35, age 18 - 59 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) II and III were randomly divided into 2 groups, using block randomization method, to receive 2 mg/kg of propofol for induction of anesthesia based on either fat-free mass (FFM) group or ideal body weight (IBW) group. The primary outcome was the time duration to reach the bispectral index (BIS) ≤ 60. Time to the disappearance of eyelash reflex, signs of inadequate anesthesia (ie, BIS > 60, straining during intubation, or eye-opening), requirements for additional doses, and hemodynamic indices (including HR and mean arterial pressure [MAP]) were also compared. Results The mean time to reach BIS ≤ 60 was 134.1 s in the FFM group and 148.7 s in the IBW group. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.334). The time of disappearance of eyelash reflex was also not significantly different between the study groups (P = 0.814). However, 2 patients in the FFM group and 8 patients in the IBW group showed signs of inadequate anesthesia and required additional doses. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.032). Hemodynamic variables, before and 2 min after propofol induction dose administration were comparable between the study groups (P = 0.520, P = 0.327, P = 0.847, P = 0.516 for pre-intervention MAP, post-intervention MAP, pre-intervention HR, and post-intervention HR, respectively). Conclusions Propofol dosing, based on FFM and IBW, for induction of anesthesia, provides comparable onset time of action and hemodynamic effects; however, in terms of the adequacy of anesthesia, the dosing based on FFM is more favorable compared to the dosing based on IBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Djalalimotlagh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Mohaghegh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hashemi Nezhad Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghodraty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amineh Shafeinia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Akbar Abadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Rokhtabnak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Alinia
- Department of Emergency, Shohada Salamat Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Malard, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Tavakoli
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Egnell C, Hallböök H, Heyman M, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Quist-Paulsen P, Schmiegelow K, Griskevicius L, Palk K, Toft N, Overgaard UM, Harila A, Ranta S. Impact of body mass index on outcome and treatment-related toxicity in young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1723-1731. [PMID: 37725524 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2258450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on outcome for patients in different body mass index (BMI) categories in young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are scarce. We explored survival and toxicities in different BMI categories in young adults with ALL. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients aged 18-45 years, diagnosed with ALL between July 2008 and June 2022 in the Nordic countries, Estonia, or Lithuania, and treated according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol, were retrospectively enrolled and classified into different BMI categories. Endpoints were overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse as well as incidence rate ratio (IRR) of severe predefined toxic events, and treatment delays. RESULTS The group comprised 416 patients, of whom 234 (56%) were stratified to non-high-risk (non-HR) treatment. In the non-HR group, patients with severe obesity, BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had worse EFS due to relapses but there was no effect on toxicity or treatment delays compared with the healthy-weight patients. There was no association between BMI category and OS, overall toxicity, or treatment delays in the patients with high-risk treatment. CONCLUSION Severe obesity is associated with worse EFS in young adults treated according to the non-HR arms of the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol. Poorer outcome is explained with a higher risk of relapse, possibly due to under treatment, and not caused by excess therapy-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Egnell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Hallböök
- Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Heyman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Petter Quist-Paulsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Katrin Palk
- Haematology Centre, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nina Toft
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Malthe Overgaard
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arja Harila
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna Ranta
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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49
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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Ding Y, Xu X. Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight/obese populations. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:616-621. [PMID: 37775411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight/obese populations and provide exercise recommendations to regulate inflammation and oxidative stress and reduce the risk of developing obesity-related diseases. DESIGN Second analysis of a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total number of 4978 overweight/obese adults were included from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable regressions were conducted to investigate the dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Subgroup analyses based on the doses and intensities of physical activity and in different participants were performed to provide exercise recommendations. RESULTS The results demonstrated that leisure-time physical activity was negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers in both overweight and obese populations, and positively associated with antioxidant markers in obese populations. Overweight/obese populations performing leisure-time physical activity at 660-760 min/week (dose calculated as moderate leisure-time physical activity, equals 330-380 min/week vigorous leisure-time physical activity) demonstrated the lowest levels of inflammatory markers. Vigorous leisure-time physical activity was superior to moderate one for overweight/obese populations, especially for inflammation regulation. In addition, the regulatory effect of leisure-time physical activity on inflammation was more significant in overweight/obese populations with hypertension or stroke. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that overweight/obese populations can take vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity at 330-380 min/week (for example, 60 min/day, 6 days/week, metabolic equivalent = 8) to get the maximum health benefits in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, PR China.
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