1
|
Sun Y, Zhu C, Huang L, Luo C, Ju P, Chen J. Identification of key modules in metabolic syndrome induced by second-generation antipsychotics based on co-expression network analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:723-731. [PMID: 38292473 PMCID: PMC10826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) frequently cause metabolic syndrome (MetS), which raises the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. MetS also impairs cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. However, the fundamental reasons of MetS caused by SGAs are not yet fully understood. Thus, we aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS induced by SGAs. Methods The serum biochemical parameters and the RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in three groups (healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia with and without MetS taking SGAs). The study of the weighted gene co-expression network was utilized to pinpoint modules that were significantly connected to clinical markers. Results Statistical analysis showed significant differences in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein among the three groups. The TNF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the pathways that were primarily enriched in the two unique co-expression network modules that were found. Finally, five specific genes (TNF, CXCL8, IL1B, TIMP1, and ESR1) associated with metabolism and immunity pathways were identified. Conclusions This study indicated that SGAs differentially induced MetS of patients with schizophrenia through metabolic and inflammation-related pathways. Therefore, the potential side effects of drugs on inflammatory processes need to be considered when using SGAs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Magnan C. Brain lipid sensing and the neural control of energy balance. Biochimie 2024; 223:159-165. [PMID: 38825062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system continuously detects circulating concentrations of lipids such as fatty acids and troglycerides. Once information has been detected, the central nervous system can in turn participate in the control of energy balance and blood sugar levels and in particular regulate the secretion and action of insulin. Neurons capable of detecting circulating lipid variations are located in the hypothalamus and in other regions such as the nucleus accumbens, the striatum or the hippocampus. An excess of lipids will have deleterious effects and may induce central lipotoxicity, in particular following local production of ceramides and the appearance of neuroinflammation which may lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin H, Yao L, Wang S, Xia P, Hou T, Li B, Li J. Effects of KGM and Degradation Products on Appetite Regulation and Energy Expenditure in High-Fat-Diet Mice via the Adipocyte-Hypothalamus Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15765-15777. [PMID: 38970495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM), high-viscosity dietary fiber, is utilized in weight management. Previous investigations on the appetite-suppressing effects of KGM have centered on intestinal responses to nutrients and gastric emptying rates, with less focus on downstream hypothalamic neurons of satiety hormones. In our studies, the molecular mechanisms through which KGM and its degradation products influence energy homeostasis via the adipocyte-hypothalamic axis have been examined. It was found that high-viscosity KGM more effectively stimulates enteroendocrine cells to release glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces ghrelin production, thereby activating hypothalamic neurons and moderating short-term satiety. Conversely, low-viscosity DKGM has been shown to exhibit stronger anti-inflammatory properties in the hypothalamus, enhancing hormone sensitivity and lowering the satiety threshold. Notably, both KGM and DKGM significantly reduced leptin signaling and fatty acid signaling in adipose tissue and activated brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to suppress pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and activate agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression, thereby reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Additionally, high-viscosity KGM has been found to activate the adipocyte-hypothalamus axis more effectively than DKGM, thereby promoting greater daily energy expenditure. These findings provide novel insights into the adipocyte-hypothalamic axis for KGM to suppress appetite and reduce weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lanlan Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenwan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okada LM, Marques ES, Levy RB, Gonçalves VSS, Peres MFT, Azeredo CM. Association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying: the role of deviant behaviors. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1352258. [PMID: 39027661 PMCID: PMC11254820 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1352258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods have been associated with several negative outcomes, but it is not clear whether they are related to bullying perpetration. Moreover, no previous study has investigated the potential role of deviant behaviors as a mediator of this association. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying, and the mediating effect of deviant behaviors in this association, among school adolescents. Methods We used data from a representative sample of 9th grade Brazilian adolescents (N = 2,212) from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Exploratory factor analysis was used to obtain the dietary patterns, through questions of frequency of consumption in the last week of several foods. The ultra-processed dietary pattern was considered as exposure. The outcomes were the types of bullying (any type, social exclusion, psychological/verbal aggression, physical aggression, property destruction, and sexual harassment). Deviant behaviors (mediator) were assessed through a score. Mediation analyses were carried out using logistic regression based on the KHB method. Results After adjusting for covariates, the mediating effect of deviant behaviors was found in the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and all the types of bullying perpetration, especially for psychological/verbal aggression (39.4%). A small mediating effect of deviant behaviors in the association of ultra-processed dietary pattern with physical aggression (17.7%) and property destruction (18.5%) was observed, but this effect explained only a small portion of the total effect of such association (significant direct effect). Conclusion The ultra-processed dietary pattern was associated with bullying, and the association was mediated through deviant behaviors. Policies and actions for improving the adolescent's diet and managing the adoption of deviant and bullying behaviors by this public are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Okada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Souza Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Catarina Machado Azeredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Friedman MI, Sørensen TIA, Taubes G, Lund J, Ludwig DS. Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning. Obes Rev 2024. [PMID: 38961319 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity remains at best incomplete despite a century of research. During this time, two alternative perspectives have helped shape thinking about the etiology of the disorder. The currently prevailing view holds that excessive fat accumulation results because energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, with excessive food consumption being the primary cause of the imbalance. The other perspective attributes the initiating cause of obesity to intrinsic metabolic defects that shift fuel partitioning from pathways for mobilization and oxidation to those for synthesis and storage. The resulting reduction in fuel oxidation and trapping of energy in adipose tissue drives a compensatory increase in energy intake and, under some conditions, a decrease in expenditure. This theory of obesity pathogenesis has historically garnered relatively less attention despite its pedigree. Here, we present an updated comprehensive formulation of the fuel partitioning theory, focused on evidence gathered over the last 80 years from major animal models of obesity showing a redirection of fuel fluxes from oxidation to storage and accumulation of excess body fat with energy intake equal to or even less than that of lean animals. The aim is to inform current discussions about the etiology of obesity and by so doing, help lay new foundations for the design of more efficacious approaches to obesity research, treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baynat L, Yamamoto T, Tourdias T, Zhang B, Prevost V, Infante A, Klein A, Caid J, Cadart O, Dousset V, Gatta Cherifi B. Quantitative MRI Biomarkers Measure Changes in Targeted Brain Areas in Patients With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1850-1857. [PMID: 38195765 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is accompanied by damages to several tissues, including the brain. Pathological data and animal models have demonstrated an increased inflammatory reaction in hypothalamus and hippocampus. OBJECTIVE We tested whether we could observe such pathological modifications in vivo through quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics. METHODS This prospective study was conducted between May 2019 and November 2022. The study was conducted in the Specialized Center for the Care of Obesity in a French University Hospital. Twenty-seven patients with obesity and 23 age and gender-paired normal-weight controls were prospectively recruited. All participants were examined using brain MRI. Anthropometric and biological data, eating behavior, anxiety, depression, and memory performance were assessed in both groups. The main outcome measure was brain MRI with the following parametric maps: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), magnetization transfer ratio map, and T2 relaxivity map. RESULTS In the hypothalamus, patients with obesity had higher FA and lower QSM than normal-weight controls. In the hippocampus, patients with obesity had higher FA and lower MD. There was no correlation between imaging biomarkers and eating behavior or anxiety. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the presence of neuroinflammation in brain regions involved in food intake. In vivo brain biomarkers from quantitative MRI appear to provide an incremental information for the assessment of brain damages in patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Baynat
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Neuroimagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bei Zhang
- Magnetic Resonance, Canon Medical Systems Europe, 2718 Zoetermeer, Netherlands
| | - Valentin Prevost
- CT-MR Solution Planning Department, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Asael Infante
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Achille Klein
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Julien Caid
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Cadart
- Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême, Endocrinolology, Rond point Girac, 16000 Angouleme, France
| | - Vincent Dousset
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Neuroimagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gatta Cherifi
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, 33600 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tzounakou AM, Stathori G, Paltoglou G, Valsamakis G, Mastorakos G, Vlahos NF, Charmandari E. Childhood Obesity, Hypothalamic Inflammation, and the Onset of Puberty: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1720. [PMID: 38892653 PMCID: PMC11175006 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The onset of puberty, which is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is influenced by various factors, including obesity, which has been associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation may cause premature activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, resulting in the development of precocious or early puberty. Mechanisms involving phoenixin action and hypothalamic microglial cells are implicated. Furthermore, obesity induces structural and cellular brain alterations, disrupting metabolic regulation. Imaging studies reveal neuroinflammatory changes in obese individuals, impacting pubertal timing. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables the assessment of the brain's neurochemical composition by measuring key metabolites, highlighting potential pathways involved in neurological changes associated with obesity. In this article, we present evidence indicating a potential association among obesity, hypothalamic inflammation, and precocious puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia-Maria Tzounakou
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Galateia Stathori
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.T.); (G.S.)
| | - George Paltoglou
- Diabetes Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘P. & A. Kyriakou’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.); (G.M.); (N.F.V.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.); (G.M.); (N.F.V.)
| | - Nikolaos F. Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.V.); (G.M.); (N.F.V.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.T.); (G.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wargent ET, Kępczyńska MA, Kaspersen MH, Ulven ER, Arch JRS, Ulven T, Stocker CJ. Chronic administration of hydrolysed pine nut oil to mice improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and increases energy expenditure via a free fatty acid receptor 4-dependent mechanism. Br J Nutr 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38751244 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
A healthy diet is at the forefront of measures to prevent type 2 diabetes. Certain vegetable and fish oils, such as pine nut oil (PNO), have been demonstrated to ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. The present study investigates the involvement of the free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1) and 4 (FFAR4) in the chronic activity of hydrolysed PNO (hPNO) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Male C57BL/6J wild-type, FFAR1 knockout (-/-) and FFAR4-/- mice were placed on 60 % high-fat diet for 3 months. Mice were then dosed hPNO for 24 d, during which time body composition, energy intake and expenditure, glucose tolerance and fasting plasma insulin, leptin and adiponectin were measured. hPNO improved glucose tolerance and decreased plasma insulin in the wild-type and FFAR1-/- mice, but not the FFAR4-/- mice. hPNO also decreased high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and fat mass, whilst increasing energy expenditure and plasma adiponectin. None of these effects on energy balance were statistically significant in FFAR4-/- mice, but it was not shown that they were significantly less than in wild-type mice. In conclusion, chronic hPNO supplementation reduces the metabolically detrimental effects of high-fat diet on obesity and insulin resistance in a manner that is dependent on the presence of FFAR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Taynton Wargent
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Małgorzata A Kępczyńska
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Mads H Kaspersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R S Arch
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Melo DG, da Cruz Rodrigues VC, de Sá Pereira GJ, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, da Costa Fernandes CJ, de Moura LP. Effects of aerobic exercise on the regulation of mitochondrial carrier homolog-2 and its influence on the catabolic and anabolic activity of lipids in the mesenteric adipose tissue of obese mice. Life Sci 2024; 345:122567. [PMID: 38492919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to understand the direct impact of aerobic short-term exercise on lipid metabolism, specifically in regulating the mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) and how it interferes with lipid metabolism in mesenteric adipose tissue. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control, sedentary obese, and exercised obese. The obese groups were induced into obesity for fourteen weeks of a high-fat diet, and the trained submitted to seven aerobic exercise sessions. The exercise proved the significant increase of the pPerilipin-1, a hormone-sensitive lipase gene, and modulates lipid metabolism by increasing the expression of Mtch2 and acetyl Co-A carboxylase, perhaps occurring as feedback to regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, how aerobic physical exercise increases Mtch2 transcription in mesenteric adipose tissue. This increase was due to changes in energy demand caused by exercise, confirmed by observing the significant reduction in mesenteric adipose tissue mass in the exercised group. Also, we showed that physical exercise increased the phosphorylative capacity of PLIN1, a protein responsible for the degradation of fatty acids in the lipid droplet, providing acyl and glycerol for cellular metabolism. Although our findings demonstrate evidence of MTCH2 as a protein that regulates lipid homeostasis, scant knowledge exists concerning the signaling of the MTCH2 pathway in regulatingfatty acid metabolism. Therefore, unveiling the means of molecular signaling of MTCH2 demonstrates excellent potential for treating obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moral R, Kapravelou G, Cubedo M, Solanas M, Escrich E. Body weight gain and control: beneficial effect of extra virgin olive oil versus corn oil in an experimental model of mammary cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109549. [PMID: 38104866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women worldwide. We have previously described different effects of high-fat diets on mammary experimental carcinogenesis. In this work, we analyzed the animal growth data obtained in six experimental assays, in healthy and carcinogen-induced rats undergoing different dietary interventions. The animals were fed with three experimental diets administered at different periods of development: a control low-fat diet, and two isocaloric high-fat diets (rich in corn oil or in extravirgin olive oil -EVOO-). Weekly weight throughout the development of 818 animals have been compiled and reanalyzed using adjusted mathematical models. Molecular mechanisms have been investigated: ethanolamides in small intestine, neuropeptides controlling satiety in hypothalamus, and proteins controlling lipid metabolism in adipose and mammary tissues. The results indicated that the effect of diets depended on type of lipid, timing of intervention and health status. The high corn oil diet, but not the high EVOO diet, increased body weight and mass, especially if administered from weaning, in healthy animals and in those that received a moderate dose of carcinogen. The potential protective effect of EVOO on weight maintenance may be related to anorexigenic neuropeptides such as oxytocin and lipolysis/deposition balance in adipose tissue (increasing phospho-PKA, HSL, MGL and decreasing FAS). In animals with cancer, body weight gain was related to the severity of the disease. Taken together, our results suggest that EVOO has a beneficial effect on body weight maintenance in both health and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubedo
- Department of Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Escrich
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okada LM, Marques ES, Levy RB, Peres MFT, Azeredo CM. Association Between Dietary Patterns and Bullying Among Adolescents in Sao Paulo-Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024; 68:299-316. [PMID: 35535611 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have assessed the association between food consumption and bullying perpetration, but most of them have not broadly assessed food consumption, neither the distinction between forms of bullying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns with bullying roles and its different types of bullying perpetration among adolescents. Data on a representative sample of ninth-grade students (N = 2,163; mean age = 14.8 years) taken from Sao Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO) were used. The independent variables were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns obtained by exploratory factor analysis. The dependent variables were bullying role (victim-only, bully-only, bully-victim) and bullying perpetration (any type, social exclusion, psychological/verbal aggression, physical aggression, property destruction, sexual harassment). Multinomial and logistic regression models were performed for the total sample and stratified by sex (only for association with sexual harassment), adjusting for covariates. Adolescents who engaged in a healthy dietary pattern were less likely to be bullies (RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.92]), while adolescents with an unhealthy dietary pattern were more likely to be bully-victims (RR 1.29 [1.12, 1.48]). Unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with any type of bullying perpetration (OR 1.24 [1.12, 1.38]), mainly with sexual harassment and physical aggression. Boys who had an unhealthy dietary pattern were more likely to sexually harass another adolescent (OR 2.10 [1.20, 3.66]). In conclusion, adolescents who had a healthy dietary pattern were less likely to perpetrate bullying. Unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with bullying perpetration, especially with sexual harassment by boys.
Collapse
|
13
|
da Silva LE, Abel JS, Tartari G, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Vedova LMD, Mendes TF, Mendes RL, Soares HJ, Vernke CN, Zaccaron RP, Lemos IS, Petronilho F, Silveira PCL, Streck EL, de Ávila RAM, de Mello AH, Rezin GT. Combination of Gold Nanoparticles with Carnitine Attenuates Brain Damage in an Obesity Animal Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03984-1. [PMID: 38296901 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity causes inflammation in the adipose tissue and can affect the central nervous system, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, it becomes necessary to seek new therapeutic alternatives. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) could take carnitine to the adipose tissue, thus increasing fatty acid oxidation, reducing inflammation, and, consequently, restoring brain homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of GNPs associated with carnitine on the neurochemical parameters of obesity-induced mice. Eighty male Swiss mice that received a normal lipid diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (obese group) for 10 weeks were used. At the end of the sixth week, the groups were divided for daily treatment with saline, GNPs (70 µg/kg), carnitine (500 mg/kg), or GNPs associated with carnitine, respectively. Body weight was monitored weekly. At the end of the tenth week, the animals were euthanized and the mesenteric fat removed and weighed; the brain structures were separated for biochemical analysis. It was found that obesity caused oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain structures. Treatment with GNPs isolated reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Carnitine isolated decreased the accumulation of mesenteric fat and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. The combination of treatments reduced the accumulation of mesenteric fat and mitochondrial dysfunction in the striatum. Therefore, these treatments in isolation, become a promising option for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Silva Abel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tartari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Rayane Luiz Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Hevylin Jacintho Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Nandi Vernke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Silva Lemos
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, SC, 88704-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim JD, Copperi F, Diano S. Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37962895 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Damasceno de Lima R, Fudoli Lins Vieira R, Rosetto Muñoz V, Chaix A, Azevedo Macedo AP, Calheiros Antunes G, Felonato M, Rosseto Braga R, Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari S, Calais Gaspar R, Ramos da Silva AS, Esper Cintra D, Pereira de Moura L, Mekary RA, Rochete Ropelle E, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with resistance exercise prevents obesity and improves lipid metabolism in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E513-E528. [PMID: 37755454 PMCID: PMC10864020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, is estimated to be the most common liver disease worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor and contributor, and, accordingly, weight loss can improve NAFLD. Previous studies in preclinical models of diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease have shown the independent benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in preventing weight gain and hepatic build-up of fat. Here, we tested the combined effect of TRF and RT on obesity and NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results showed that both TRF-8-h food access in the active phase-and RT-consisting of three weekly sessions of ladder climbing-attenuated body weight gain, improved glycemic homeostasis, and decreased the accumulation of lipids in the liver. TRF combined with RT improved the respiratory exchange rate, energy expenditure, and mitochondrial respiration in the liver. Furthermore, gene expression analysis in the liver revealed lower mRNA expression of lipogenesis and inflammation genes along with increased mRNA of fatty acid oxidation genes in the TRF + RT group. Importantly, combined TRF + RT was shown to be more efficient in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, TRF and RT exert complementary actions compared with isolated interventions, with significant effects on metabolic disorders and NAFLD in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) combined with resistance exercise training (RT) may be more efficient compared with these interventions alone is still unclear. We show that when combined with RT, TRF provided additional benefits, being more effective in increasing energy expenditure, preventing weight gain, and regulating glycemic homeostasis than each intervention alone. Thus, our results demonstrate that TRF and RT have complementary actions on some synergistic pathways that prevented obesity and hepatic liver accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Damasceno de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ana Paula Azevedo Macedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guldemir HH, Buyukuslu N, Yigit P, Cakici C, Ozdemir EM. Effects of omega fatty acids on the short-term postprandial satiety related peptides in rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:401-409. [PMID: 34986656 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of omega fatty acids on time depending on responses of satiety hormones. Sixty adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) groups. For each fatty acid, the dose of 400 mg/kg was applied by oral gavage. Blood samples were taken after the 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), leptin and insulin hormones were analyzed by ELISA. We observed the significant increases (p<0.05) of the levels of CCK between n-3 (ALA, at 60th min; EPA, at 30th and 60th min and DHA, at 60 min) and n-6 (LA) supplemented rats. The highest GLP-1 levels were in ALA (0.70 ng/mL) and DHA (0.67 ng/mL) supplemented groups at 60th and 120th min indicating n-3 fatty acids efficiency on satiety compared to LA. It seems that ALA at 60th min and EPA at 120th min could provide the highest satiety effect with the highest insulin response, while the efficiency of LA supplementation on insulin-induced satiety diminished. The only significant change in AUC values among all hormones was in the CCK of the ALA group (p=0.004). The level of leptin increased in DHA and EPA supplemented rats (p=0.140). Our results showed that dietary omega fatty acids influenced the releasing of hormones in different ways possibly depending on chain length or saturation degree. Comprehensive studies need to be addressed for each fatty acid on satiety-related peptide hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Hizli Guldemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Buyukuslu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagri Cakici
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Musa Ozdemir
- Medical Research Center (MEDITAM), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
da Costa Fernandes CJ, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, de Melo DG, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term strength exercise reduces the macrophage M1/M2 ratio in white adipose tissue of obese animals. Life Sci 2023; 329:121916. [PMID: 37419412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity can exacerbate the systemic inflammatory process, leading to increased infiltration of monocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and polarization of these cells into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while reducing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing the pro-inflammatory profile. However, the impact of strength training and the duration of training on macrophage polarization in the WAT of obese individuals have not been widely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on macrophage infiltration and polarization in the epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice. We compared the following groups: Control (CT), Obese (OB), Obese 7-day strength training (STO7d), and Obese 15-day strength training (STO15d). Macrophage populations were evaluated by flow cytometry: total macrophages (F4/80+), M1 (CD11c), and M2 (CD206) macrophages. Our results demonstrated that both training protocols improved peripheral insulin sensitivity by increasing AKT phosphorylation (Ser473). Specifically, the 7-day training regimen reduced total macrophage infiltration and M2 macrophage levels without altering M1 levels. In the STO15d group, significant differences were observed in total macrophage levels, M1 macrophages, and the M1/M2 ratio compared to the OB group. In the epididymal tissue, a reduction in the M1/M2 ratio was observed in the STO7d group. Overall, our data demonstrate that 15 days of strength exercise can reduce the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages in white adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thais Dantis Pereira de Campos
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Canciglieri
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cruz KLO, Salla DH, Oliveira MP, Silva LE, Vedova LMD, Mendes TF, Bressan CBC, Silva MR, Santos SML, Soares HJ, Mendes RL, Vernke CN, Silva MG, Laurentino AOM, Medeiros FD, Vilela TC, Lemos I, Bitencourt RM, Réus GZ, Streck EL, Mello AH, Rezin GT. Energy metabolism and behavioral parameters in female mice subjected to obesity and offspring deprivation stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114526. [PMID: 37271313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and energy metabolism parameters in female mice subjected to obesity and offspring deprivation (OD) stress. Eighty female Swiss mice, 40 days old, were weighed and divided into two groups: Control group (control diet, n = 40) and Obese group (high-fat diet, n = 40), for induction of the animal model of obesity, the protocol was based on the consumption of a high-fat diet and lasted 8 weeks. Subsequently, the females were subjected to pregnancy, after the birth of the offspring, were divided again into the following groups (n = 20): Control non-deprived (ND), Control + OD, Obese ND, and Obese + OD, for induction of the stress protocol by OD. After the offspring were 21 days old, weaning was performed and the dams were subjected to behavioral tests. The animals were humanely sacrificed, the brain was removed, and brain structures were isolated to assess energy metabolism. Both obesity and OD led to anhedonia in the dams. It was shown that the structures most affected by obesity and OD are the hypothalamus and hippocampus, as evidenced by the mitochondrial dysfunction found in these structures. When analyzing the groups separately, it was observed that OD led to more pronounced mitochondrial damage; however, the association of obesity with OD, as well as obesity alone, also generated damage. Thus, it is concluded that obesity and OD lead to anhedonia in animals and to mitochondrial dysfunction in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, which may lead to losses in feeding control and cognition of the dams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenia L O Cruz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Daniele H Salla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Larissa E Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil.
| | - Larissa M D Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Talita F Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Catarina B C Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariella R Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Sheila M L Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Hevylin J Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Rayane L Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Camila N Vernke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Marina G Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Ana O M Laurentino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Fabiana D Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Thais C Vilela
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lemos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline H Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodrigues PB, Dátilo MN, Sant'Ana MR, Nogueira GADS, Marin RM, Nakandakari SCBR, de Moura LP, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DE. The Early Impact of Diets Enriched with Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Intestinal Inflammation and Tight Junctions. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109410. [PMID: 37364793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut has been suggested as the first organ to be affected by unbalanced diets contributing to the obesogenic process. This study aimed to test a short time-course exposition model to a known pro- or anti-inflammatory enriched fatty diet to understand the early gut alterations. Male mice were exposed to the chow diet (CT), high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet partially replaced on flaxseed oil (FS), rich in omega-3 (ω3), for 14 days. HF and FS increased the total body weight mass compared with the CT group, but FS reduced the epididymal fat depot compared to HF. The bioinformatics from mice and human databases showed the Zo1-Ocln-Cldn7 tight junctions as the main protein-triad. In the ileum, the HF diet has increased IL1β transcript and IL1β, TNFα, and CD11b proteins, but reduced the tight junctions (Zo1, Ocln, and Cld7) compared to the CT group. Despite the FS diet being partially efficient in protecting the ileum against inflammation, the tight junctions were increased, compared to the HF group. The GPR120 and GPR40 receptors were unaffected by diets, but GPR120 was co-localized on the surface of ileum macrophages. The short period of a high-fat diet was enough to start the obesogenic process, ileum inflammation, and reduce the tight junctions. Flaxseed oil did not protect efficiently against dysmetabolism. Still, it increased the tight junctions, even without alteration on inflammatory parameters, suggesting the protection against gut permeability during early obesity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Brito Rodrigues
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Neves Dátilo
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation in Resistance to Insulin - LICRI - Department of Internal Medicine - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, LaBMEx, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nehme J, Altulea A, Gheorghe T, Demaria M. The effects of macronutrients metabolism on cellular and organismal aging. Biomed J 2023; 46:100585. [PMID: 36801257 PMCID: PMC10209809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the notion that metabolic pathways are major regulators of organismal aging, and that metabolic perturbations can extend health- and lifespan. For this reason, dietary interventions and compounds perturbing metabolism are currently explored as anti-aging strategies. A common target for metabolic interventions delaying aging is cellular senescence, a state of stable growth arrest that is accompanied by various structural and functional changes including the activation of a pro-inflammatory secretome. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular events associated with carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and define how macronutrients can regulate induction or prevention of cellular senescence. We discuss how various dietary interventions can achieve prevention of disease and extension of healthy longevity by partially modulating senescence-associated phenotypes. We also emphasize the importance of developing personalized nutritional interventions that take into account the current health and age status of the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Nehme
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah Altulea
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Teodora Gheorghe
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salsinha AS, Socodato R, Rodrigues A, Vale-Silva R, Relvas JB, Pintado M, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Potential of omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids to control microglia inflammatory imbalance elicited by obesogenic nutrients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159331. [PMID: 37172801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity detrimentally affects brain function by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation. This neuroinflammation is, at least in part, likely to be mediated by microglia, which are the main immune cell population in the brain. Microglia express a wide range of lipid-sensitive receptors and their activity can be modulated by fatty acids that cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, by combining live cell imaging and FRET technology we assessed how different fatty acids modulate microglia activity. We demonstrate that the combined action of fructose and palmitic acid induce Ikβα degradation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) in HCM3 human microglia. Such obesogenic nutrients also lead to reactive oxygen species production and LynSrc activation (critical regulators of microglia inflammation). Importantly, short-time exposure to omega-3 (EPA and DHA), CLA and CLNA are sufficient to abolish NF-κB pathway activation, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role. Omega-3 and CLA also show an antioxidant potential by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production, and the activation of LynSrc in microglia. Furthermore, using chemical agonists (TUG-891) and antagonists (AH7614) of GPR120/FFA4, we demonstrated that omega-3, CLA and CLNA inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is mediated by this receptor, while omega-3 and CLA antioxidant potential occurs through different signaling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Socodato
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Rodrigues
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Vale-Silva
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Relvas
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - L M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nakandakari SCBR, Gaspar RC, Kuga GK, Ramos CDO, Vieira RF, Rios TDS, Muñoz VR, Sant'ana MR, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DE. Short-term flaxseed oil, rich in omega 3, protects mice against metabolic damage caused by high-fat diet, but not inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109270. [PMID: 36706930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is known that long-term high-fat diet (HF) feeding drastically affects the adipose tissue, contributing to metabolic disorders. Recently, short-term HF consumption was shown to affect different neuronal signaling pathways. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory effects of a short-term HF and whether a diet containing omega-3 fatty acid fats from flaxseed oil (FS) has protective effects. Mice were divided into three groups for 3 d, according to their diets: Control group (CT), HF, or FS for 3 d. Lipid profiles were assessed through mass spectrometry and inflammatory markers by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. After short-term HF, mice increased food intake, body weight, adiposity, and fasting glucose. Increased mRNA content of Ccl2 and Tnf was demonstrated in the HF compared to CT in mesenteric adipose tissue. In the liver, TNFα protein was higher in the HF group than in CT, followed by a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids tissue incorporation in HF. On the other hand, the consumption of FS reduced food intake and fasting glucose, as well as increased omega-3 fatty acid incorporation in MAT and the liver. However, short-term FS was insufficient to control the early inflammation triggered by HF in MAT and the liver. These data demonstrated that a 3-d HF diet is enough to damage glucose homeostasis and trigger inflammation. In contrast, short-term FS protects against increased food intake and fasting glucose but not inflammation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Keine Kuga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Vieira
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaiane da Silva Rios
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center (CELN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sonnefeld L, Rohmann N, Geisler C, Laudes M. Is human obesity an inflammatory disease of the hypothalamus? Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:R37-R45. [PMID: 36883605 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities are long-standing, challenging global health problems. Lack of exercise, overnutrition, and especially the consumption of fat-rich foods are some of the most important factors leading to an increase in prevalence in modern society. The pathophysiology of obesity as a metabolic inflammatory disease has moved into focus since new therapeutic approaches are required. The hypothalamus, a brain area responsible for energy homeostasis, has recently received special attention in this regard. Hypothalamic inflammation was identified to be associated with diet-induced obesity and new evidence suggests that it may be, beyond that, a pathological mechanism of the disease. This inflammation impairs the local signaling of insulin and leptin leading to dysfunction of the regulation of energy balance and thus, weight gain. After a high-fat diet consumption, activation of inflammatory mediators such as the nuclear factor κB or c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway can be observed, accompanied by elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines. Brain resident glia cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, initiate this release in response to the flux of fatty acids. The gliosis occurs rapidly before the actual weight gain. Dysregulated hypothalamic circuits change the interaction between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, contributing to the establishment of inflammatory processes. Several studies have reported reactive gliosis in obese humans. Although there is evidence for a causative role of hypothalamic inflammation in the obesity development, data on underlying molecular pathways in humans are limited. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and obesity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sonnefeld
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020297. [PMID: 36829858 PMCID: PMC9951965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut-brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle-hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu S, Feng X, Feng X, Xie K, Li Y, Chen L, Mo Y, Liang J, Wu X, Sun Z, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. Diet containing stearic acid increased food intake in mice by reducing serum leptin compared with oleic acid. Food Funct 2023; 14:990-1002. [PMID: 36545693 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In today's society, obesity is becoming increasingly serious, and controlling food intake and maintaining weight balance have become increasingly important. Here, we found that a stearic acid diet can increase food intake without causing obesity in mice compared with an oleic acid diet. Stearic acid increases food intake in mice by reducing serum leptin and increasing NPY neuronal excitability through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The impaired anorexic effect of leptin is probably due to repressive cholesterol-oxysterol-LXR-α/SREBP-1c-mediated leptin expression in mouse iWAT. At the same time, we found that stearic acid was not only poorly absorbed by itself in the small intestine but also reduced the entire absorption system of the small intestine. In conclusion, we have proven that a stearic acid diet can increase food intake in mice and avoid obesity, but whether a stearic acid diet could cause adverse reactions in the body remains to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiajie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kailai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Room 8070, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lvshuang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yingfen Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jingwen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Central Regulation of Brown Fat Thermogenesis in Response to Saturated or Unsaturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021697. [PMID: 36675212 PMCID: PMC9866012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the hypothalamus modulates energy balance, and its disruption leads to obesity. To date, the effects of saturated or unsaturated LCFA on hypothalamic-brown adipose tissue (BAT) axis and the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unclear. Our aim was to characterize the main molecular pathways involved in the hypothalamic regulation of BAT thermogenesis in response to LCFA with different lengths and degrees of saturation. One-week administration of high-fat diet enriched in monounsaturated FA led to higher BAT thermogenesis compared to a saturated FA-enriched diet. Intracerebroventricular infusion of oleic and linoleic acids upregulated thermogenesis markers and temperature in brown fat of mice, and triggered neuronal activation of paraventricular (PaV), ventromedial (VMH) and arcuate (ARC) hypothalamic nuclei, which was not found with saturated FAs. The neuron-specific protein carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1-C (CPT1C) was a crucial effector of oleic acid since the FA action was blunted in CPT1C-KO mice. Moreover, changes in the AMPK/ACC/malonyl-CoA pathway and fatty acid synthase expression were evoked by oleic acid. Altogether, central infusion of unsaturated but not saturated LCFA increases BAT thermogenesis through CPT1C-mediated sensing of FA metabolism shift, which in turn drive melanocortin system activation. These findings add new insight into neuronal circuitries activated by LCFA to drive thermogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Marcos JL, Olivares-Barraza R, Ceballo K, Wastavino M, Ortiz V, Riquelme J, Martínez-Pinto J, Muñoz P, Cruz G, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021468. [PMID: 36674982 PMCID: PMC9866213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Marcos
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Melisa Wastavino
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Víctor Ortiz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2508050
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
We are what we eat: The role of lipids in metabolic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a fundamental role, both structurally and functionally, for the correct functioning of the organism. In the last two decades, they have evolved from molecules involved only in energy storage to compounds that play an important role as components of cell membranes and signaling molecules that regulate cell homeostasis. For this reason, their interest as compounds involved in human health has been gaining weight. Indeed, lipids derived from dietary sources and endogenous biosynthesis are relevant for the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There exist pathological conditions that are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism. This is particularly true for metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The main issue to be considered is lipid homeostasis. A precise control of fat homeostasis is required for a correct regulation of metabolic pathways and safe and efficient energy storage in adipocytes. When this fails, a deregulation occurs in the maintenance of systemic metabolism. This happens because an increased concentrations of lipids impair cellular homeostasis and disrupt tissue function, giving rise to lipotoxicity. Fat accumulation results in many alterations in the physiology of the affected organs, mainly in metabolic tissues. These alterations include the activation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, accumulation of bioactive molecules and modification of gene expression. In this chapter, we review the main metabolic diseases in which alterations in lipid homeostasis are involved and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pinchaud K, Hafeez Z, Auger S, Chatel JM, Chadi S, Langella P, Paoli J, Dary-Mourot A, Maguin-Gaté K, Olivier JL. Impact of Dietary Arachidonic Acid on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut-Brain Axis in Male BALB/C Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245338. [PMID: 36558497 PMCID: PMC9786182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arachidonic acid (ARA) is the precursor of the majority of eicosanoids, its influence as a food component on health is not well known. Therefore, we investigated its impact on the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis. Groups of male BALB/c mice were fed either a standard diet containing 5% lipids (Std-ARA) or 15%-lipid diets without ARA (HL-ARA) or with 1% ARA (HL + ARA) for 9 weeks. Fatty acid profiles of all three diets were the same. The HL-ARA diet favored the growth of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum contrary to the HL + ARA diet that favored the pro-inflammatory Escherichia-Shigella genus in fecal microbiota. Dietary ARA intake induced 4- and 15-fold colic overexpression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β and CD40, respectively, without affecting those of TNFα and adiponectin. In the brain, dietary ARA intake led to moderate overexpression of GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex. Both the hyperlipidic diets reduced IL-6 and IL-12 in the brain. For the first time, it was shown that dietary ARA altered the gut microbiota, led to low-grade colic inflammation, and induced astrogliosis in the brain. Further work is necessary to determine the involved mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Pinchaud
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sead Chadi
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Katy Maguin-Gaté
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean Luc Olivier
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- CHRU de Nancy, Pôle des Laboratoires, Service de Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire-Nutrition, 54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
da Silva Batista E, Nakandakari SCBR, Ramos da Silva AS, Pauli JR, Pereira de Moura L, Ropelle ER, Camargo EA, Cintra DE. Omega-3 pleiad: The multipoint anti-inflammatory strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4817-4832. [PMID: 36382659 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids have been described since the 1980s as promising anti-inflammatory substances. Prostaglandin and leukotriene modulation were exhaustively explored as the main reason for ω3 beneficial outcomes. However, during the early 2000s, after the human genome decoding advent, the nutrigenomic approaches exhibited an impressive plethora of ω3 targets, now under the molecular point of view. Different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognizing ω3 and its derivatives appear to be responsible for blocking inflammation and insulin-sensitizing effects. A new class of ω3-derived substances, such as maresins, resolvins, and protectins, increases ω3 actions. Inflammasome disruption, the presence of GPR120 on immune cell surfaces, and intracellular crosstalk signaling mediated by PPARγ compose the last discoveries regarding the multipoint anti-inflammatory targets for this nutrient. This review shows a detailed mechanistic proposal to understand ω3 fatty acid action over the inflammatory environment in the background of several chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellencristina da Silva Batista
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martín MG, Dotti CG. Plasma membrane and brain dysfunction of the old: Do we age from our membranes? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1031007. [PMID: 36274849 PMCID: PMC9582647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of aging is a gradual hypo-responsiveness of cells to extrinsic stimuli, mainly evident in the pathways that are under hormone control, both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Age-related resistance, i.e., reduced response of receptors to their ligands, has been shown to Insulin and also to leptin, thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids. In addition, lower activity has been reported in aging for ß-adrenergic receptors, adenosine A2B receptor, and several other G-protein-coupled receptors. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the loss of sensitivity to hormones and neurotransmitters with age is the loss of receptors, which has been observed in several tissues. Another mechanism that is finding more and more experimental support is related to the changes that occur with age in the lipid composition of the neuronal plasma membrane, which are responsible for changes in the receptors’ coupling efficiency to ligands, signal attenuation and pathway desensitization. In fact, recent works have shown that altered membrane composition—as occurs during neuronal aging—underlies reduced response to glutamate, to the neurotrophin BDNF, and to insulin, all these leading to cognition decay and epigenetic alterations in the old. In this review we present evidence that altered functions of membrane receptors due to altered plasma membrane properties may be a triggering factor in physiological decline, decreased brain function, and increased vulnerability to neuropathology in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G. Martín
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Department, Instituto Ferreyra (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
| | - Carlos G. Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bichkaeva FA, Gretskaya TB. Pancreatic Hormones, the Composition of Saturated Fatty Acids, and Their Relationship with Glucose Levels, Depending on the Body Mass Index in Residents of the Arctic. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1209-1221. [PMID: 35896818 PMCID: PMC9436778 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake (“eat less”) and increase energy expenditure (“move more”). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on the notion of energy balance, has not been adequately embraced by the public. Another possibility is that this approach rests on an erroneous paradigm. A new formulation of the energy balance model (EBM), like prior versions, considers overeating (energy intake > expenditure) the primary cause of obesity, incorporating an emphasis on “complex endocrine, metabolic, and nervous system signals” that control food intake below conscious level. This model attributes rising obesity prevalence to inexpensive, convenient, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods high in fat and sugar. An alternative view, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes that hormonal responses to highly processed carbohydrates shift energy partitioning toward deposition in adipose tissue, leaving fewer calories available for the body’s metabolic needs. Thus, increasing adiposity causes overeating to compensate for the sequestered calories. Here, we highlight robust contrasts in how the EBM and CIM view obesity pathophysiology and consider deficiencies in the EBM that impede paradigm testing and refinement. Rectifying these deficiencies should assume priority, as a constructive paradigm clash is needed to resolve long-standing scientific controversies and inform the design of new models to guide prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, public health action need not await resolution of this debate, as both models target processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cavalheiro EKFF, da Silva LE, Oliveira MP, Silva MG, Damiani AP, Ribeiro CB, Magenis ML, Cucker L, Michels M, Joaquim L, Machado RS, Vilela TC, Bitencourt RM, Andrade VM, Dal-Pizzol F, Petronilho F, Tuon T, Rezin GT. Effects of obesity on neuroinflammatory and neurochemical parameters in an animal model of reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114019. [PMID: 35872330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, affecting the brain's reward system by decreasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. It is known that dopaminergic neurotransmission is also reduced in Parkinson's disease (PD), and high adiposity is considered a risk factor for the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. This study aimed to assess the effects of obesity on neuroinflammatory and neurochemical parameters in an animal model of reserpine-induced PD. The obese group showed increased inflammation and oxidative damage as well as inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II and DNA damage in the evaluated structures. The PD group did not show inflammation or mitochondrial dysfunction but exhibited oxidative damage in the hippocampus. The combination group (obesity + PD) showed reduced inflammation and oxidative stress and increased activity of complexes I and II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in most of the analyzed structures. On the other hand, obesity + PD caused oxidative damage to proteins in the liver, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebral cortex and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus, resulting in reduced catalase activity. Furthermore, the combination group showed DNA damage in blood, liver, and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, it was observed that the association of obesity and PD did not increase inflammation, oxidative stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction in most of the evaluated structures but increased oxidative damage and induced mechanisms that led to DNA damage in peripheral tissues and brain structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eulla Keimili Fernandes Ferreira Cavalheiro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina G Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Catharina B Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marina L Magenis
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana Cucker
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thais C Vilela
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Talita Tuon
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effects of Avocado Oil Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity, Cognition, and Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Different Tissues of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142906. [PMID: 35889863 PMCID: PMC9319255 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurocognitive impairment. Avocado oil (AO) has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluated the effect of AO supplementation on obese mice in the adipose tissue, muscle, liver, and hippocampus. Male C57BL/6J mice received a standard and high-fat diet (20 weeks) and then were supplemented with AO (4 mL/kg of body weight, 90 days) and divided into the following groups: control (control), control + avocado oil (control + AO), diet-induced obesity (DIO), and diet-induced obesity + avocado oil (DIO + AO) (n = 10/group). AO supplementation was found to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic fat accumulation and serum triglyceride levels in DIO mice. AO improved cognitive performance and did not affect mood parameters. Oxidative marker levels were decreased in DIO + AO mice in all the tissues and were concomitant with increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the epididymal adipose tissue and quadriceps, as well as increased catalase activity in the liver. AO in obese animals further induced reductions in TNF-α and IL-1β expressions in the epididymal adipose tissue and quadriceps. These results suggest that AO supplementation has the potential to be an effective strategy for combating the effects of obesity in rats, and human studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
37
|
Siutz C, Nemeth M, Quint R, Wagner KH, Millesi E. PUFA changes in white adipose tissue during hibernation in common hamsters. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:525-535. [DOI: 10.1086/721444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
38
|
Antunes GC, Lima RDD, Vieira RFL, Macêdo APA, Muñoz VR, Zambalde EP, Romeiro CF, Simabuco FM, Prada PO, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. RESISTANCE EXERCISE ATTENUATES IKKε PHOSPHORYLATION AND HEPATIC FAT ACCUMULATION OF OBESE MICE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1072-1081. [PMID: 35690890 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and disturbances in hepatic metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on inflammatory signaling related to IKKepsilon protein (IKKɛ) and on hepatic fat accumulation in obese mice. Male Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control (CTL) fed with standard chow; obese (OB) mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD); obese exercised (OB+RE) mice fed with HFD and submitted to a resistance exercise training. The resistance exercise training protocol consisted of 20 sets/3 ladder climbs for eight weeks, three times/week on alternate days. The training overload was equivalent to 70% of the maximum load supported by the rodent. Assays were performed to evaluate weight gain, hepatic fat content, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, IKKɛ phosphorylation, and proteins related to insulin signaling and lipogenesis in the liver. Mice that received the high-fat diet showed greater adiposity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fasting glucose, and increased hepatic fat accumulation. These results were accompanied by an increase in IKKɛ phosphorylation and lipogenesis-related proteins such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of obese mice. In contrast, exercised mice showed lower body weight and adiposity evolution throughout the experiment. In addition, resistance exercise suppressed the effects of the high-fat diet by reducing IKKɛ phosphorylation and hepatic fat content. In conclusion, resistance exercise training improves hepatic fat metabolism and glycemic homeostasis, which are, at least in part, linked to the antiinflammatory effect of reduced IKKɛ phosphorylation in the liver of obese mice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Damasceno de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Pereira Zambalde
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Felipe Romeiro
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Laboratory of Molecular Research in Obesity (Labimo), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Petermann AB, Reyna-Jeldes M, Ortega L, Coddou C, Yévenes GE. Roles of the Unsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Central Nervous System: Molecular and Cellular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105390. [PMID: 35628201 PMCID: PMC9141004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple roles in health and disease. Among the FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been widely recognized as a key molecule for neuronal function and cell signaling. Despite its relevance, the molecular pathways underlying the beneficial effects of DHA on the cells of the CNS are still unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DHA in neural cells with a special focus on processes of survival, morphological development, and synaptic maturation. In addition, we examine the evidence supporting a potential therapeutic role of DHA against CNS tumor diseases and tumorigenesis. The current results suggest that DHA exerts its actions on neural cells mainly through the modulation of signaling cascades involving the activation of diverse types of receptors. In addition, we found evidence connecting brain DHA and ω-3 PUFA levels with CNS diseases, such as depression, autism spectrum disorders, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of cancer, the existing data have shown that DHA exerts positive actions as a coadjuvant in antitumoral therapy. Although many questions in the field remain only partially resolved, we hope that future research may soon define specific pathways and receptor systems involved in the beneficial effects of DHA in cells of the CNS, opening new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Petermann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Lorena Ortega
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
| | - Gonzalo E. Yévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Erdogan MK, Gundogdu R, Yapar Y, Gecibesler IH, Kirici M, Behcet L, Tuzun B, Taslimi P. The Evaluation of Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anticholinergic Potentials of Endemic
Rhabdosciadium microcalycinum
Supported by Molecular Docking Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadir Erdogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Bingol University 12000 Bingol Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gundogdu
- Department of Pharmacy Services Vocational School of Health Services Bingol University 12000- Bingol Turkey
| | - Yakup Yapar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Bingol University 12000 Bingol Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Gecibesler
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Faculty of Health Science Bingol University 12000- Bingol Turkey
| | - Mahinur Kirici
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Bingol University 12000- Bingol Turkey
| | - Lutfi Behcet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Bingol University 12000 Bingol Turkey
| | - Burak Tuzun
- Plant and Animal Production Department Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Bartin University 74100 - Bartin Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Strength training alters the tissue fatty acids profile and slightly improves the thermogenic pathway in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6913. [PMID: 35484170 PMCID: PMC9050661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease characterized by the exacerbated increase of adipose tissue. A possible way to decrease the harmful effects of excessive adipose tissue is to increase the thermogenesis process, to the greater energy expenditure generated by the increase in heat in the body. In adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process is the result of an increase in mitochondrial work, having as substrate H+ ions, and which is related to the increased activity of UCP1. Evidence shows that stress is responsible for increasing the greater induction of UCP1 expression via β-adrenergic receptors. It is known that physical exercise is an important implement for sympathetic stimulation promoting communication between norepinephrine/epinephrine with membrane receptors. Thus, the present study investigates the influence of short-term strength training (STST) on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and browning processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of obese mice. For this, Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control, obesity sedentary, and obese strength training (OBexT). Obese animals were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Trained obese animals were submitted to 7 days of strength exercise. It was demonstrated that STST sessions were able to reduce fasting glycemia. In the sWAT, the STST was able to decrease the levels of the long-chain fatty acids profile, saturated fatty acid, and palmitic fatty acid (C16:0). Moreover, it was showed that STST did not increase protein levels responsible for lipolysis, the ATGL, ABHD5, pPLIN1, and pHSL. On the other hand, the exercise protocol decreased the expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD1. Finally, our study demonstrated that the STST increased browning process-related genes such as PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1 in the sWAT. Interestingly, all these biomolecular mechanisms have been observed independently of changes in body weight. Therefore, it is concluded that short-term strength exercise can be an effective strategy to initiate morphological changes in sWAT.
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao D, Jiao J, Wang Z, Huang X, Ni X, Fang S, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Sun L, Yang Z, Yuan H. The roles of cell-cell and organ-organ crosstalk in the type 2 diabetes mellitus associated inflammatory microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:15-25. [PMID: 35459618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a classic metaflammatory disease, and the inflammatory states of the pancreatic islet and insulin target organs have been well confirmed. However, abundant evidence demonstrates that there are countless connections between these organs in the presence of a low degree of inflammation. In this review, we focus on cell-cell crosstalk among local cells in the islet and organ-organ crosstalk among insulin-related organs. In contrast to that in acute inflammation, macrophages are the dominant immune cells causing inflammation in the islets and insulin target organs in T2DM. In the inflammatory microenvironment (IME) of the islet, cell-cell crosstalk involving local macrophage polarization and proinflammatory cytokine production impair insulin secretion by β-cells. Furthermore, organ-organ crosstalk, including the gut-brain-pancreas axis and interactions among insulin-related organs during inflammation, reduces insulin sensitivity and induces endocrine dysfunction. Therefore, this crosstalk ultimately results in a cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction. These findings could have broad implications for therapies aimed at treating T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Seventh Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Sihang Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garrel G, Rouch C, L’Hôte D, Tazi S, Kassis N, Giton F, Dairou J, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Cohen-Tannoudji J. Disruption of Pituitary Gonadotrope Activity in Male Rats After Short- or Long-Term High-Fat Diets Is Not Associated With Pituitary Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877999. [PMID: 35498414 PMCID: PMC9043610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways in metabolically linked organs and an early hypothalamic inflammation is now known to disrupt the central control of metabolic function. Because we demonstrated that fatty acids (FA) target the pituitary and affect gonadotropin synthesis, we asked whether overnutrition induces pituitary inflammation that may contribute to obesity-associated disorders in the control of reproduction. We analyzed pituitary inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in male rats fed a short- (4 weeks) or long-term (20 weeks) high-fat diet. The effect of diet enrichment with the ω3 polyunsaturated FA, DHA, was also analyzed. After only 4 weeks and before weight gain of rats, high-fat diet caused a significant decrease in pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic GnRH transcript levels despite unchanged testosterone and inhibin B levels. Contrasting with the hypothalamus, there was no concomitant increases in gene expression of pituitary inflammatory mediators and even a reduction of prototypical cytokines such as interleukin-1β and TNF-α. No inflammation was still detected in the pituitary after 20 weeks although gonadotropin transcripts and circulating levels were still altered. Gonadotropins were the only pituitary hormones remaining affected at this stage of the regimen, underlying a differential susceptibility of pituitary lineages to metabolic disorders. DHA enrichment of the diet did not prevent alterations of gonadotrope activity due to either a long- or a short-term high-fat diet although it blocked early hypothalamic inflammation and attenuated several metabolic effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that high-fat diet-induced defects in gonadotrope activity in male rats occurred despite a lack of pituitary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - David L’Hôte
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Salma Tazi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Inserm IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | | | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao YF. Free fatty acid receptors in the endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism: Insight from gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956277. [PMID: 36246919 PMCID: PMC9554507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by pancreatic hormones, with the coordinated assistance of the hormones from gastrointestine and adipose tissue. Studies have unfolded a sophisticated hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interaction network, which essentially maintains glucose homeostasis in response to the changes in substrates and nutrients. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the important substrates that are involved in glucose metabolism. FFAs are able to activate the G-protein coupled membrane receptors including GPR40, GPR120, GPR41 and GPR43, which are specifically expressed in pancreatic islet cells, enteroendocrine cells as well as adipocytes. The activation of FFA receptors regulates the secretion of hormones from pancreas, gastrointestine and adipose tissue to influence glucose metabolism. This review presents the effects of the FFA receptors on glucose metabolism via the hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions and the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic drugs targeting FFA receptors for the treatment of abnormal glucose metabolism such as type 2 diabetes mellitus is summarized.
Collapse
|
45
|
Callegari IOM, Oliveira AG. The Role of LTB4 in Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance Development: An Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:848006. [PMID: 35392132 PMCID: PMC8981522 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
46
|
Batista ES, da Silva Rios T, Muñoz VR, Jesus JS, Vasconcelos MM, da Cunha DT, Marques-Rocha JL, Nakandakari SCBR, Lara R, da Silva ASR, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER, Mekary RA, de Moura LP, Camargo EA, Cintra DE. Omega-3 mechanism of action in inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mononuclear cells from overweight non-alcoholic fatty liver disease participants: study protocol for the "Brazilian Omega Study" (BROS)-a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:927. [PMID: 34922604 PMCID: PMC8684080 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The low-grade inflammation is pivotal in obesity and its comorbidities; however, the inflammatory proteins are out of target for traditional drug therapy. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids can modulate the downstream signaling of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (TNFα) through GPR120, a G-protein-coupled receptor, a mechanism not yet elucidated in humans. This work aims to investigate if the ω3 supplementation, at a feasible level below the previously recommended level in the literature, is enough to disrupt the inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), and also if in acute treatment (3 h) ω3 can activate the GPR120 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and leukocytes from overweight non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) participants. The R270H variant of the Ffar4 (GPR120 gene) will also be explored about molecular responses and blood lipid profiles. A triple-blind, prospective clinical trial will be conducted in overweight men and women, aged 19–75 years, randomized into placebo or supplemented (2.2 g of ω3 [EPA+DHA]) groups for 28 days. For sample calculation, it was considered the variation of TNFα protein and a 40% dropout rate, obtaining 22 individuals in each group. Volunteers will be recruited among patients with NAFLD diagnosis. Anthropometric parameters, food intake, physical activity, total serum lipids, complete fatty acid blood profile, and glycemia will be evaluated pre- and post-supplementation. In the PBMC and neutrophils, the protein content and gene expression of markers related to inflammation (TNFα, MCP1, IL1β, IL6, IL10, JNK, and TAK1), ER-stress (ATF1, ATF6, IRE1, XBP1, CHOP, eIF2α, eIF4, HSP), and ω3 pathway (GPR120, β-arrestin2, Tab1/2, and TAK1) will be evaluated using Western blot and RT-qPCR. Participants will be genotyped for the R270H (rs116454156) variant using the TaqMan assay. It is hypothesized that attenuation of inflammation and ER-stress signaling pathways in overweight and NAFLD participants will be achieved through ω3 supplementation through binding to the GPR120 receptor. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov #RBR-7x8tbx. Registered on May 10, 2018, with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05702-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellencristina Silva Batista
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Zip, Limeira, 13484-350, Brazil.,Nutrition Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil.,Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thaiane da Silva Rios
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Zip, Limeira, 13484-350, Brazil.,Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Joyce Santos Jesus
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Thimóteo da Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Jose Luis Marques-Rocha
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Zip, Limeira, 13484-350, Brazil.,Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Roberta Lara
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Zip, Limeira, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rania Angelina Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Zip, Limeira, 13484-350, Brazil. .,Lipids and Nutrigenomics Research Center, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Suk K. Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:32. [PMID: 34910246 PMCID: PMC11071926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Over the years, studies on energy metabolism primarily focused on the neuronal component of the hypothalamus. Studies have recently uncovered the vital role of glial cells as an additional player in energy balance regulation. However, their inflammatory activation under metabolic stress condition contributes to various metabolic diseases. The recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the hypothalamus helps sustain such inflammation and worsens the disease state. Neurons were found to actively participate in hypothalamic inflammatory response by transmitting signals to the surrounding non-neuronal cells. This activation of different cell types in the hypothalamus leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, impairing energy balance and contributing to defective feeding habits, thermogenesis, and insulin and leptin signaling, eventually leading to metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, and hypertension). The hypothalamus is also responsible for the causation of systemic aging under metabolic stress. A better understanding of the multiple factors contributing to hypothalamic inflammation, the role of the different hypothalamic cells, and their crosstalks may help identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells in establishing a cause-effect relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and the development of metabolic diseases. We also cover the role of other cell types and discuss the possibilities and challenges of targeting hypothalamic inflammation as a valid therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, de Cabo R, Cantley LC, Friedman MI, Heymsfield SB, Johnson JD, King JC, Krauss RM, Lieberman DE, Taubes G, Volek JS, Westman EC, Willett WC, Yancy WS, Ebbeling CB. The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1873-1885. [PMID: 34515299 PMCID: PMC8634575 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity rates remain at historic highs, despite a persistent focus on eating less and moving more, as guided by the energy balance model (EBM). This public health failure may arise from a fundamental limitation of the EBM itself. Conceptualizing obesity as a disorder of energy balance restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. An alternative paradigm, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes a reversal of causal direction. According to the CIM, increasing fat deposition in the body-resulting from the hormonal responses to a high-glycemic-load diet-drives positive energy balance. The CIM provides a conceptual framework with testable hypotheses for how various modifiable factors influence energy balance and fat storage. Rigorous research is needed to compare the validity of these 2 models, which have substantially different implications for obesity management, and to generate new models that best encompass the evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis J Aronne
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark I Friedman
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Metabolism & Body Composition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary Taubes
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric C Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cara B Ebbeling
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
van Daal MT, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Braber S. Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:198-232. [PMID: 34663688 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the reported effects of nutritional components and their metabolites on the immune system through manipulation of specific (pharmacological) receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors. Nutritional components, such as vitamins, fibers, and unsaturated fatty acids are able to resolve inflammation, whereas saturated fatty acids tend to exhibit proinflammatory effects. This may aid decision makers and scientists in developing strategies to decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Santana JDM, Pereira M, Carvalho GQ, Dos Santos DB, de Oliveira AM. Polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and weight gain during pregnancy: NISAMI Cohort study. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23687. [PMID: 34636455 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, we analyzed the association between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 and ω-3) and weight gain in women during pregnancy. METHODS This is a cohort study of 250 pregnant women enrolled in municipal pre-natal services. Weight, height, and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids were evaluated at the baseline. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to assess the main exposure. Gestational weight was measured in the first, second, and third trimesters. A dietary pattern involving the consumption of fatty acids was identified through factor analysis. A generalized estimating equation was used for the data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of excessive weight gain at the end of pregnancy was 35.2%. Consumption patterns 1 (salted meats, offal, vegetable oil, snacks, legumes, and oleaginous foods) and 2 (red meat, sausages, butter, margarine, mayonnaise, acarajé, caruru, vatapá, and refined cereals) revealed a risk for the accumulation of excess weight during pregnancy. Women who adhered to consumption patterns 1 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44-3.94) and 2 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44-3.94) were more susceptible to excess weight gain during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Women who adhered to dietary patterns involving foods that are sources of ω-6 fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were more susceptible to gaining weight during pregnancy compared to those who adhered less to these patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerusa da Mota Santana
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pereira
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gisele Queiroz Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|