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Fei Y, Bao Z, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Lu J, Ouyang L, Hu Q, Zhou Y, Chen L. CRISPR/Cas9-induced LEAP2 and GHSR1a knockout mutant zebrafish displayed abnormal growth and impaired lipid metabolism. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114563. [PMID: 38830459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the principles of fish fat deposition and conducting related research are current focal points in fish nutrition. This study explores the endocrine regulation of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish by constructing mutantmodels andexamining the effects of the endocrine factors LEAP2 and its receptor GHSR1a on zebrafish growth, feeding, and liver fat deposition. Compared to the wild type (WT), the mutation of LEAP2 results in increased feeding and decreased swimming in zebrafish. The impact is more pronounced in adult female zebrafish, characterized by increased weight, length, width, and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver.Incontrast, deficiency in GHSR1a significantly reduces the growth of male zebrafish and markedly decreases liver fat deposition.These research findings indicate the crucial roles of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish feeding, growth, and intracellular fat metabolism. This study, for the first time, investigated the endocrine metabolic regulation functions of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in the model organism zebrafish, providing initial insights into their effects and potential mechanisms on zebrafish fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Fei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonggui Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quiqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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McCarthy SF, Townsend LK, McKie GL, Bornath DPD, Islam H, Gurd BJ, Medeiros PJ, Hazell TJ. Differential changes in appetite hormones post-prandially based on menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use: A preliminary study. Appetite 2024; 198:107362. [PMID: 38636667 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This was a preliminary study that examined whether appetite regulation is altered during the menstrual cycle or with oral contraceptives. Ten naturally cycling females (NON-USERS) and nine tri-phasic oral contraceptive using females (USERS) completed experimental sessions during each menstrual phase (follicular phase: FP; ovulatory phase: OP; luteal phase: LP). Appetite perceptions and blood samples were obtained fasted, 30, 60, and 90 min post-prandial to measure acylated ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and total peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY). Changes were considered important if p < 0.100 and the effect size was ≥medium. There appeared to be a three-way (group x phase x time) interaction for acylated ghrelin where concentrations appeared to be greater in USERS versus NON-USERS during the OP 90-min post-prandial and during the LP fasted, and 90-min post-prandial. In USERS, ghrelin appeared to be greater 90-min post-prandial in the OP versus the FP with no other apparent differences between phases. There were no apparent differences between phases in NON-USERS. There appeared to be a three-way interaction for PYY where concentrations appeared to be greater in USERS during the FP 60-min post-prandial and during the OP 30-min post-prandial. In USERS PYY appeared to be greater 60-min post-prandial during the OP versus the LP with no other apparent differences. There were no apparent differences between phases in NON-USERS. There appeared to be no effect of group or phase on GLP-1, or appetite perceptions. These data demonstrate small effects of menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on the acylated ghrelin and total PYY response to a standardized meal, with no effects on active GLP-1 or perceived appetite, though more work with a large sample size is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg L McKie
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek P D Bornath
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Medeiros
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Lékó AH, Gregory-Flores A, Marchette RCN, Gomez JL, Vendruscolo JCM, Repunte-Canonigo V, Choung V, Deschaine SL, Whiting KE, Jackson SN, Cornejo MP, Perello M, You ZB, Eckhaus M, Rasineni K, Janda KD, Zorman B, Sumazin P, Koob GF, Michaelides M, Sanna PP, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet. Commun Biol 2024; 7:632. [PMID: 38796563 PMCID: PMC11127961 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin regulates essential physiological functions. The ghrelin receptor (GHSR) has ligand-independent actions; therefore, GHSR gene deletion may be a reasonable approach to investigate the role of this system in feeding behaviors and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we investigate the effects of a long-term (12-month) high-fat (HFD) versus regular diet on obesity-related measures in global GHSR-KO and wild-type (WT) Wistar male and female rats. Our main findings are that the GHSR gene deletion protects against DIO and decreases food intake during HFD in male but not in female rats. GHSR gene deletion increases thermogenesis and brain glucose uptake in male rats and modifies the effects of HFD on brain glucose metabolism in a sex-specific manner, as assessed with small animal positron emission tomography. We use RNA-sequencing to show that GHSR-KO rats have upregulated expression of genes responsible for fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Central administration of a novel GHSR inverse agonist, PF-5190457, attenuates ghrelin-induced food intake, but only in male, not in female mice. HFD-induced binge-like eating is reduced by inverse agonism in both sexes. Our results support GHSR as a promising target for new pharmacotherapies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- András H Lékó
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory-Flores
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renata C N Marchette
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vicky Choung
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara L Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly E Whiting
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Paula Cornejo
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Pathology Service, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kim D Janda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pietro P Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
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4
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Gupta D, Burstein AW, Shankar K, Varshney S, Singh O, Osborne-Lawrence S, Richard CP, Zigman JM. Impact of Ghrelin on Islet Size in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Female Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae048. [PMID: 38626085 PMCID: PMC11075791 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Reducing ghrelin by ghrelin gene knockout (GKO), ghrelin-cell ablation, or high-fat diet feeding increases islet size and β-cell mass in male mice. Here we determined if reducing ghrelin also enlarges islets in females and if pregnancy-associated changes in islet size are related to reduced ghrelin. Islet size and β-cell mass were larger (P = .057 for β-cell mass) in female GKO mice. Pregnancy was associated with reduced ghrelin and increased liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP2; a ghrelin receptor antagonist) in wild-type mice. Ghrelin deletion and pregnancy each increased islet size (by ∼19.9-30.2% and ∼34.9-46.4%, respectively), percentage of large islets (>25 µm2×103, by ∼21.8-42% and ∼21.2-41.2%, respectively), and β-cell mass (by ∼15.7-23.8% and ∼65.2-76.8%, respectively). Neither islet cross-sectional area, β-cell cross-sectional area, nor β-cell mass correlated with plasma ghrelin, although all positively correlated with LEAP2 (P = .081 for islet cross-sectional area). In ad lib-fed mice, there was an effect of pregnancy, but not ghrelin deletion, to change (raise) plasma insulin without impacting blood glucose. Similarly, there was an effect of pregnancy, but not ghrelin deletion, to change (lower) blood glucose area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test. Thus, genetic deletion of ghrelin increases islet size and β-cell cross-sectional area in female mice, similar to males. Yet, despite pregnancy-associated reductions in ghrelin, other factors appear to govern islet enlargement and changes to insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in the setting of pregnancy. In the case of islet size and β-cell mass, one of those factors may be the pregnancy-associated increase in LEAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Avi W Burstein
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Salil Varshney
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Omprakash Singh
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Corine P Richard
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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5
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Amiri Khosroshahi R, Mirzababaei A, Setayesh L, Bagheri R, Heidari Seyedmahalleh M, Wong A, Suzuki K, Mirzaei K. Dietary Insulin Index (DII) and Dietary Insulin load (DIL) and Caveolin gene variant interaction on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:74. [PMID: 38268038 PMCID: PMC10807169 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that Caveolin gene polymorphisms (CAV-1) are involved in chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) have been shown to potentially elicit favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of DII DIL and CAV-1 interaction on CVD risk factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 333 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years. Dietary intakes, DII, and DIL were evaluated using the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum profiles were measured by standard protocols. The CAV-1 rs 3,807,992 and anthropometric data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), respectively. Participants were also divided into three groups based on DII, DIL score, and rs3807992 genotype. RESULTS This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 women classified as overweight or obese. Participants with A allele for the caveolin genotype and higher DII score showed significant interactions with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P for AA = 0.006 and P for AG = 0.019) and CRI-I (P for AA < 0.001 and P for AG = 0.024). In participants with AA genotype and greater DII score, interactions were observed in weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, CRI-II, fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (P < 0.079). Those with higher DIL scores and AA genotype had higher weight (P = 0.033), FFM (P = 0.022), and SMM (P = 0.024). In addition, DIL interactions for waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), CRI-I, and body fat mass (BFM) among individuals with AA genotype, while an HDL interaction was observed in individuals with AG and AA (P < 0.066). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that people who carry the caveolin rs3807992 (A) allele and have greater DII and DIL scores are at higher risk for several cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome biomarkers. These results highlight that diet, gene variants, and their interaction, should be considered in the risk evaluation of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidari Seyedmahalleh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Elyasi L, Borazjani F, Ahmadi Angali K, Hosseini SA, Saki N. Dietary insulin index, dietary insulin load and dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1968. [PMID: 38263222 PMCID: PMC10806255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Postprandial insulin secretion has been associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary insulin indices and dietary pattern with the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The participants of the present cross-sectional study were included among the individuals who participated in the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS). A total of 3905 Iranian adults, aged 35-70 years, are included in the current analysis. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is used to calculate the dietary Insulin Index (DII), Insulin Load (DIL), and dietary pattern. Dietary pattern was derived using Reduced-Rank Regression (RRR) based on intake of protein (g/day), fiber (g/day), fat (g/day), magnesium (mg/day), and dietary insulin index were considered as response variables. The Generalized Linear Model was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MetS based on gender, while considering quartiles of DIL, DII scores, and dietary pattern, adjusted for potential confounders. The mean ± SD of age and BMI of the participants in the top quartile of DIL were 45.72 ± 8.05 years and 28.25 ± 5.02 kg/m2, respectively. The mean ± SD of DII was 40.53 ± 4.06 and the mean ± SD of DIL was 117,986.1 ± 30,714.06. A significant positive association was observed between DIL and MetS in women after adjusting for confounding factors (OR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.16; 1.96). No significant association was seen between DIL, DII, and MetS among men. A derived dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, sugar, sweet deserts, Whole Grains, and dairy was associated with an increased risk of MetS in adjusted model2 among women (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.13; 1.75) and men in the same model (OR: 2.09; 95% CI 1.35; 3.21).However, the final model was significant just for men (OR: 2.08; 95% CI 1.35; 3.21) and not for women (OR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.96; 1.60). Our findings showed that adherence to a diet with a high insulin load can increase the risk of MetS in women. In addition, a derived dietary pattern by RRR indicated that a diet rich in fruits, sugar, sweet deserts, whole Grains, and dairy is related to increased risk of MetS in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Social Determinant of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Richardson RS, Sulima A, Rice KC, Kucharczk JA, Janda KD, Nisbett KE, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. Pharmacological GHSR (ghrelin receptor) blockade reduces alcohol binge-like drinking in male and female mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 238:109643. [PMID: 37369277 PMCID: PMC10513123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide that is produced by endocrine cells that are primarily localized in the stomach. Ghrelin receptors (GHSR) are expressed in the brain and periphery. Preclinical and clinical studies support a role for ghrelin in alcohol drinking and seeking. The GHSR has been suggested to be a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the role of the ghrelin system and its potential modulation by biological sex on binge-like drinking has not been comprehensively investigated. The present study tested six GHSR antagonists in an alcohol binge-like drinking procedure in male and female mice. Systemic administration of the GHSR antagonists JMV2959, PF-5190457, PF-6870961, and HM-04 reduced alcohol intake in both male and female mice. YIL-781 decreased intake in males, and LEAP2 (likely peripherally restricted) did not reduce intake in mice of either sex. We also administered LEAP2 and JMV2959 intracerebroventricularly to investigate whether the effects of GHSR blockade on alcohol intake are mediated by central receptors. The central administration of LEAP2 and JMV2959 decreased alcohol intake, particularly in high-drinking animals. Finally, in a preliminary experiment, an anti-ghrelin vaccine was examined for its potential effect on binge-like drinking and had no effect. In all experiments, there was a lack of meaningful sex differences. These findings suggest that central GHSR mediates binge-like alcohol intake. These data reveal novel pharmacological compounds with translational potential in the treatment of AUD and provide further evidence of the GHSR as a potential treatment target for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani S Richardson
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine MD/PhD Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jed A Kucharczk
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim D Janda
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, WIRM Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Khalin E Nisbett
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate College, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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8
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Massa MG, Scott RL, Cara AL, Cortes LR, Vander PB, Sandoval NP, Park JW, Ali SL, Velez LM, Wang HB, Ati SS, Tesfaye B, Reue K, van Veen JE, Seldin MM, Correa SM. Feeding neurons integrate metabolic and reproductive states in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107918. [PMID: 37817932 PMCID: PMC10561062 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance between metabolic and reproductive processes is important for survival, particularly in mammals that gestate their young. How the nervous system coordinates this balance is an active area of study. Herein, we demonstrate that somatostatin (SST) neurons of the tuberal hypothalamus alter feeding in a manner sensitive to metabolic and reproductive states in mice. Whereas chemogenetic activation of SST neurons increased food intake across sexes, ablation decreased food intake only in female mice during proestrus. This ablation effect was only apparent in animals with low body mass. Fat transplantation and bioinformatics analysis of SST neuronal transcriptomes revealed white adipose as a key modulator of these effects. These studies indicate that SST hypothalamic neurons integrate metabolic and reproductive cues by responding to varying levels of circulating estrogens to modulate feeding differentially based on energy stores. Thus, gonadal steroid modulation of neuronal circuits can be context dependent and gated by metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rachel L. Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Cara
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura R. Cortes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul B. Vander
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Norma P. Sandoval
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae W. Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sahara L. Ali
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leandro M. Velez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shomik S. Ati
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bethlehem Tesfaye
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J. Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Leggio L, Leko A, Gregory-Flores A, Marchette R, Gomez J, Vendruscolo J, Repunte-Canonigo V, Chuong V, Deschaine S, Whiting K, Jackson S, Cornejo M, Perello M, You ZB, Eckhaus M, Janda K, Zorman B, Sumazin P, Koob G, Michaelides M, Sanna PP, Vendruscolo L. Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3236045. [PMID: 37886546 PMCID: PMC10602167 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3236045/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin regulates essential physiological functions. The ghrelin receptor (GHSR) has ligand-independent actions, therefore, GHSR gene deletion may be a reasonable approach to investigate the role of this system in feeding behaviors and diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here we investigated the effects of a long-term (12 month) high-fat (HFD) versus regular diet on obesity-related measures in global GHSR-KO and wild type (WT) Wistar male and female rats. Our main findings were that the GHSR gene deletion protects against DIO and decreases food intake during HFD in male but not in female rats. GHSR gene deletion increased thermogenesis and brain glucose uptake in male rats and modified the effects of HFD on brain glucose metabolism in a sex-specific manner, as assessed with small animal positron emission tomography. RNA-sequencing was also used to show that GHSR-KO rats had upregulated expression of genes responsible for fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue. Central administration of a novel GHSR inverse agonist, PF-5190457, attenuated ghrelin-induced food intake, but only in male, not in female mice. HFD-induced binge-like eating was reduced by inverse agonism in both sexes. Our results support GHSR as a promising target for new pharmacotherapies for obesity.
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10
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Barrile F, Cassano D, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Reynaldo M, Cantel S, Fehrentz JA, Donato J, Schiöth HB, Zigman JM, Perello M. Ghrelin's orexigenic action in the lateral hypothalamic area involves indirect recruitment of orexin neurons and arcuate nucleus activation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106333. [PMID: 37454647 PMCID: PMC10530520 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone, and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has been suggested as a putative target mediating ghrelin's effects on food intake. Here, we aimed to investigate the presence of neurons expressing ghrelin receptor (a.k.a. growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR) in the mouse LHA (LHAGHSR neurons), its physiological implications and the neuronal circuit recruited by local ghrelin action. METHODS We investigated the distribution of LHAGHSR neurons using different histologic strategies, including the use of a reporter mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the GHSR promoter. Also, we investigated the physiological implications of local injections of ghrelin within the LHA, and the extent to which the orexigenic effect of intra-LHA-injected ghrelin involves the arcuate nucleus (ARH) and orexin neurons of the LHA (LHAorexin neurons) RESULTS: We found that: 1) LHAGHSR neurons are homogeneously distributed throughout the entire LHA; 2) intra-LHA injections of ghrelin transiently increase food intake and locomotor activity; 3) ghrelin's orexigenic effect in the LHA involves the indirect recruitment of LHAorexin neurons and the activation of ARH neurons; and 4) LHAGHSR neurons are not targeted by plasma ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS We provide a compelling neuroanatomical and functional characterization of LHAGHSR neurons in male mice that indicates that LHAGHSR cells are part of a hypothalamic neuronal circuit that potently induces food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Cornejo MP, Cabral A, Aguggia JP, Duque VJ, Sayar N, Cantel S, Burgos JI, Fehrentz JA, Rorato R, Atasoy D, Mecawi AS, Perello M. Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad154. [PMID: 37823477 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), a critical hub for the integration of metabolic, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the PVH of male mice. We found that fluorescent ghrelin mainly labels PVH neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), which catalyze the production of nitric oxide [NO]). Centrally injected ghrelin increases c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons and NOS1 phosphorylation in the PVH. We also found that a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin increases the ghrelin level in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the periventricular PVH, and induces c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons. Such a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin activates a subset of NOS1 PVH neurons, which do not express oxytocin, via an arcuate nucleus-independent mechanism. Finally, we found that pharmacological inhibition of NO production fully abrogates ghrelin-induced increase of calcium concentration in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the PVH whereas it partially impairs ghrelin-induced increase of plasma glucocorticoid levels. Thus, plasma ghrelin can directly target a subset of NO-producing neurons of the PVH that is involved in ghrelin-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Victor J Duque
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Juan I Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani" (CONICET and National University of La Plata), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - André S Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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12
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Smith A, Hyland L, Al-Ansari H, Watts B, Silver Z, Wang L, Dahir M, Akgun A, Telfer A, Abizaid A. Metabolic, neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of social defeat in male and female mice using the chronic non-discriminatory social defeat stress model. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105412. [PMID: 37633226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related disorders predominately affect females, yet preclinical models of chronic stress exclusively use males especially in models where social stressors are studied. Here, we implemented a 21-day novel social defeat paradigm in which a female and male C57 intruder are simultaneously placed in the cage of a territorial, resident CD-1 male mouse, and the resident proceeds to attack both intruders. Mice were given access to a regular laboratory diet, high in carbohydrates, and a palatable diet, high in fat. Chronic social defeat stress using this paradigm resulted in increased caloric intake in male and female mice, with the effects being more pronounced in females. We observed sex differences in high fat diet intake in response to stress, which was correlated with higher levels of plasma ghrelin observed in female mice but not male mice. Furthermore, females exposed to chronic stress displayed changes in growth hormone secretatogue receptor (ghsr) and neuropeptide-y (npy) expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, potentially increasing ghrelin sensitivity and inducing changes in diet choice and caloric intake. Behavioral results show that females tended to spend more time interacting during the social interaction test, compared to males who displayed higher vigilance towards the stranger mouse. Overall, our results highlight unique neurometabolic alterations in female mice in response to stress that is not present in male mice and may be important for coping with chronic stress and sustaining reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Smith
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hyland
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiyam Al-Ansari
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany Watts
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Silver
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miski Dahir
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleyna Akgun
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Telfer
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience and Stress, Trauma and Resilience Work Group (STAR), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Behbahani HB, Shokuhi M, Clark CCT, Javid AZ, Aghamohammadi V, Bazyar H, Samadani M, Haybar H. Glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary insulin index, and dietary insulin load in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors among participants with atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:98. [PMID: 37582773 PMCID: PMC10426217 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL), Dietary Insulin Index (DII), and Dietary Insulin Load (DIL) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) factors in subjects with atherosclerosis. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects with atherosclerosis. Regular dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and GI, GL, DIL, and DII were also calculated. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated for general and central obesity according to the GI, GL, DII, and DIL. RESULTS According to the continuous score of GL, there was a significant positive association between GL and central obesity for women in all models. Regarding the association between DIL score and biochemical variables, there was a significant positive association between Na and Aspartate transaminase (AST) with DII. Moreover, there was a significant positive association between LDL-c(p = 0.03) and AST (p = 0.04)with DIL score in all 3 models. CONCLUSION In this study, GL was associated with greater odds of central obesity in women, but not in men. Neither dietary DII nor DIL was associated with BMI and central obesity. GI, GL, DII, and DIL were significantly associated with some CVD risk biomarkers in subjects with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bavi Behbahani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahshad Shokuhi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Bazyar
- Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Samadani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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14
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Guerra-Cantera S, Frago LM, Jiménez-Hernaiz M, Collado-Pérez R, Canelles S, Ros P, García-Piqueras J, Pérez-Nadador I, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. The metabolic effects of resumption of a high fat diet after weight loss are sex dependent in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13227. [PMID: 37580448 PMCID: PMC10425431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction is a frequent strategy for weight loss, but adherence is difficult and returning to poor dietary habits can result in more weight gain than that previously lost. How weight loss due to unrestricted intake of a healthy diet affects the response to resumption of poor dietary habits is less studied. Moreover, whether this response differs between the sexes and if the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, sex dependent and involved in metabolic control, participates is unknown. Mice received rodent chow (6% Kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 62% Kcal from fat) for 4 months, chow for 3 months plus 1 month of HFD, or HFD for 2 months, chow for 1 month then HFD for 1 month. Males and females gained weight on HFD and lost weight when returned to chow at different rates (p < 0.001), but weight gain after resumption of HFD intake was not affected by previous weight loss in either sex. Glucose metabolism was more affected by HFD, as well as the re-exposure to HFD after weight loss, in males. This was associated with increases in hypothalamic mRNA levels of IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 2 (p < 0.05), factors involved in glucose metabolism, again only in males. Likewise, IGF2 increased IGFBP2 mRNA levels only in hypothalamic astrocytes from males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the metabolic responses to dietary changes were less severe and more delayed in females and the IGF system might be involved in some of the sex specific observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Hernaiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Li H, Ren C, Lu J, Xu S, Gong X, Zhang W, Yan X, Ye J, Qin P, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Fang F. Knockdown of lncRNA Meg3 delays the onset of puberty in female rats. Theriogenology 2023; 207:72-81. [PMID: 37269598 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how lncRNA Meg3 affects the onset of puberty in female rats. We determined Meg3 expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis of female rats at the infancy, prepubertal, pubertal, and adult life stages, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also assessed the effects of Meg3 knockdown on the expression levels of puberty-related genes and Wnt/β-catenin proteins in the hypothalamus, time of puberty onset, levels of reproductive genes and hormones, and ovarian morphology in female rats. Meg3 expression in the ovary varied significantly between prepuberty and puberty (P < 0.01). Meg3 knockdown decreased the expression of Gnrh, and Kiss1 mRNA (P < 0.05) and increased the expression of Wnt (P < 0.01) and β-catenin proteins (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamic cells. Onset of puberty in Meg3 knockdown rats was delayed compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Meg3 knockdown decreased Gnrh mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and increased Rfrp-3 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamus. The serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) of Meg3 knockdown rats were lower than those in the control animals (P < 0.05). Higher longitudinal diameter and ovary weight were found in Meg3 knockdown rats (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Meg3 regulates the expression of Gnrh, Kiss-1 mRNA and Wnt/β-catenin proteins in the hypothalamic cells, and Gnrh, Rfrp-3 mRNA of the hypothalamus and the serum concentration of P4 and E2, and its knockdown delays the onset of puberty in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Juntai Lu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xinbao Gong
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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16
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Massa MG, Scott RL, Cara AL, Cortes LR, Sandoval NP, Park JW, Ali S, Velez LM, Tesfaye B, Reue K, van Veen JE, Seldin M, Correa SM. Feeding Neurons Integrate Metabolic and Reproductive States in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525595. [PMID: 36747631 PMCID: PMC9900829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs between metabolic and reproductive processes are important for survival, particularly in mammals that gestate their young. Puberty and reproduction, as energetically taxing life stages, are often gated by metabolic availability in animals with ovaries. How the nervous system coordinates these trade-offs is an active area of study. We identify somatostatin neurons of the tuberal nucleus (TNSST) as a node of the feeding circuit that alters feeding in a manner sensitive to metabolic and reproductive states in mice. Whereas chemogenetic activation of TNSST neurons increased food intake across sexes, selective ablation decreased food intake only in female mice during proestrus. Interestingly, this ablation effect was only apparent in animals with a low body mass. Fat transplantation and bioinformatics analysis of TNSST neuronal transcriptomes revealed white adipose as a key modulator of the effects of TNSST neurons on food intake. Together, these studies point to a mechanism whereby TNSST hypothalamic neurons modulate feeding by responding to varying levels of circulating estrogens differentially based on energy stores. This research provides insight into how neural circuits integrate reproductive and metabolic signals, and illustrates how gonadal steroid modulation of neuronal circuits can be context-dependent and gated by metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rachel L Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra L Cara
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura R Cortes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Norma P Sandoval
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jae W Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sahara Ali
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Bethlehem Tesfaye
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Geary N, Asarian L, Graf G, Gobbi S, Tobler PN, Rehfeld JF, Leeners B. Increased Meal Size but Reduced Meal-Stimulated Plasma Cholecystokinin Concentrations in Women With Obesity. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6845692. [PMID: 36423205 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the physiological basis of obesity in women, we investigated whether obesity or menstrual cycle phase affects laboratory test-meal size or meal-stimulated plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. Women with healthy weight (body mass index [BMI] of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, N = 16) or obesity (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2, N = 20) were tested once in the late-follicular or peri-ovulatory phase (LF/PO) and once in the mid-luteal phase (ML). Meals of ham sandwiches were offered and blood was sampled. Menstrual cycle phases were verified with participants' reports of menses and measurements of progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Women with obesity ate significantly larger meals than women with healthy weight, (mean, 711 [95% CI, 402-1013] kJ, P = 0.001, during the LF/PO and 426 [105-734] kJ, P = 0.027, larger during the ML). Women with healthy weight ate smaller meals during LF/PO than ML (decrease, 510 [192-821 kJ], P = 0.008), but women with obesity did not (decrease, 226 [-87-542] kJ, P = 0.15). CCK concentrations 18 to 30 minutes after meal onset were lower in women with obesity than in women with healthy weight during LF/PO (3.6 [3.1-4.1] vs 6.1 [4.5-7.7] pmol/L; P = 0.004), but not during ML, with a significant interaction effect (1.8 [1.2-2.4] pmol/L, P = 0.048). Women with obesity consumed larger meals than women with healthy weight but displayed reduced meal-stimulated plasma CCK concentrations. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a defect in CCK secretion compromises satiation in obese women and contributes to the development or maintenance of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA†
| | - Lori Asarian
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gwendolyn Graf
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Gobbi
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Salem AM, Latif R, Rafique N, Aldawlan MI, Almulla LB, Alghirash DY, Fallatah OA, Alotaibi FM, Aljabbari FH, Yar T. Variations of Ghrelin and Obestatin Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle of Women of Different BMIs. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1297-1305. [PMID: 36105791 PMCID: PMC9464778 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s375594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cyclical changes of hormones during the menstrual cycle are responsible not only for reproductive function but also have other effects on dietary intake and appetite. The current study aimed to investigate the variations of appetite-related hormones (ghrelin and obestatin) during the menstrual cycle and their association with adipokines, estrogen, and BMI. Methods Fifty-six regularly menstruating female students were grouped into normal weight (BMI ≤24.9; n = 26), and overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥25; n = 30). Serum ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, adiponectin, and estrogen levels were measured during the early follicular, preovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle using the ELISA technique. Results There were insignificant differences in the levels of serum ghrelin, obestatin, and ghrelin/obestatin ratio across menstrual cycle phases in the whole cohort as well as in each group separately (p > 0.05). Serum ghrelin was significantly less in OW-OB as compared to the NW group (p = 0.005), whereas the average serum obestatin did not show any significant differences between the two groups. No significant correlation was seen between ghrelin and obestatin with the adipokines and estradiol. Conclusion Significant low level of ghrelin was observed in obese group during the follicular phase. This finding may provide new insights into the altered ghrelin patterns in OW-OB individuals, as a cause or a consequence of obesity and related menstrual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak I Aldawlan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan B Almulla
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Y Alghirash
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola A Fallatah
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh M Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H Aljabbari
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talay Yar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Vins N, Sugathan S, Al Menhali A, Karam SM. Overgrowth of Squamocolumnar Junction and Dysregulation of Stem Cell Lineages in the Stomach of Vitamin A-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163334. [PMID: 36014840 PMCID: PMC9412427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epithelia are common sites for pathological transformations. In mice, the stratified epithelium of the forestomach joins the simple glandular epithelium of the cardia at the limiting ridge. We previously demonstrated the expression of vitamin A receptors in the gastric stem/progenitor cells and their progeny and found that excess retinoic acid enhances cellular dynamics of gastric epithelium. This study examines how deficiency of vitamin A would alter gastric epithelial stem cell lineages. Three-week-old mice of both genders were weaned and fed with a vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet for 4 or 8 months. Sex- and weight-matched littermate mice received a standard (control) diet. To label S-phase cells, all mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine before being euthanized. Stomach tissues were processed for microscopic examination and protein analysis to investigate stem cell lineages using different stains, lectins, or antibodies. The Student’s t-test was used to compare quantified data showing differences between control and VAD groups. Eight-month-vitamin-A deficiency caused enlarged forestomach and overgrowth of the squamocolumnar junction with metaplastic and dysplastic cardiac glands, formation of intramucosal cysts, loss of surface mucosal integrity, increased amount of luminal surface mucus, and upregulation of trefoil factor 1 and H+,K+-ATPase. These changes were associated with decreased cell proliferation and upregulation of p63. In conclusion, vitamin A is necessary for maintaining gastric epithelial integrity and its deficiency predisposes the mouse stomach to precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Vins
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7493
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20
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Yao Z, Lin M, Lin T, Gong X, Qin P, Li H, Kang T, Ye J, Zhu Y, Hong Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Fang F. The expression of IGFBP-5 in the reproductive axis and effect on the onset of puberty in female rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35821045 PMCID: PMC9277959 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) has recently been shown to alter the reproductive capacity by regulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability or IGF-independent effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of IGFBP-5 on the onset of puberty in female rats. Immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression and location of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein distribution in the infant's hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis prepuberty, peripuberty, puberty and adult female rats. Prepubertal rats with IGFBP-5 intracerebroventricular (ICV) were injected to determine the puberty-related genes expression and the concentrations of reproductive hormones. Primary hypothalamic cells were treated with IGFBP-5 to determine the expression of puberty-related genes and the Akt and mTOR proteins. Results showed that Igfbp-5 mRNA and protein were present on the HPO axis. The addition of IGFBP-5 to primary hypothalamic cells inhibited the expression of Gnrh and Igf-1 mRNAs (P < 0.05) and increased the expression of AKT and mTOR protein (P < 0.01). IGFBP-5 ICV-injection delayed the onset of puberty, reduced Gnrh, Igf-1, and Fshβ mRNAs, and decreased the concentrations of E2, P4, FSH,serum LH levels and the ovaries weight (P < 0.05). More corpus luteum and fewer primary follicles were found after IGFBP-5 injection (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiu Yao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Maosen Lin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xinbao Gong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Pin Qin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tiezhu Kang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qiwen Hong
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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21
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Ghosh-Swaby OR, Reichelt AC, Sheppard PAS, Davies J, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM. Metabolic hormones mediate cognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101009. [PMID: 35679900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent biochemical and behavioural evidence indicates that metabolic hormones not only regulate energy intake and nutrient content, but also modulate plasticity and cognition in the central nervous system. Disruptions in metabolic hormone signalling may provide a link between metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes, and cognitive impairment. For example, altered metabolic homeostasis in obesity is a strong determinant of the severity of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the evidence that eating behaviours and metabolic hormones-particularly ghrelin, leptin, and insulin-are key players in the delicate regulation of neural plasticity and cognition. Caloric restriction and antidiabetic therapies, both of which affect metabolic hormone levels can restore metabolic homeostasis and enhance cognitive function. Thus, metabolic hormone pathways provide a promising target for the treatment of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Ghosh-Swaby
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul A S Sheppard
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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22
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Parikh S, Parikh R, Michael K, Bikovski L, Barnabas G, Mardamshina M, Hemi R, Manich P, Goldstein N, Malcov-Brog H, Ben-Dov T, Glaich O, Liber D, Bornstein Y, Goltseker K, Ben-Bezalel R, Pavlovsky M, Golan T, Spitzer L, Matz H, Gonen P, Percik R, Leibou L, Perluk T, Ast G, Frand J, Brenner R, Ziv T, Khaled M, Ben-Eliyahu S, Barak S, Karnieli-Miller O, Levin E, Gepner Y, Weiss R, Pfluger P, Weller A, Levy C. Food-seeking behavior is triggered by skin ultraviolet exposure in males. Nat Metab 2022; 4:883-900. [PMID: 35817855 PMCID: PMC9314261 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms are responsible for profound metabolic differences in health and behavior. Whether males and females react differently to environmental cues, such as solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure, is unknown. Here we show that solar exposure induces food-seeking behavior, food intake, and food-seeking behavior and food intake in men, but not in women, through epidemiological evidence of approximately 3,000 individuals throughout the year. In mice, UVB exposure leads to increased food-seeking behavior, food intake and weight gain, with a sexual dimorphism towards males. In both mice and human males, increased appetite is correlated with elevated levels of circulating ghrelin. Specifically, UVB irradiation leads to p53 transcriptional activation of ghrelin in skin adipocytes, while a conditional p53-knockout in mice abolishes UVB-induced ghrelin expression and food-seeking behavior. In females, estrogen interferes with the p53-chromatin interaction on the ghrelin promoter, thus blocking ghrelin and food-seeking behavior in response to UVB exposure. These results identify the skin as a major mediator of energy homeostasis and may lead to therapeutic opportunities for sex-based treatments of endocrine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Michael
- Department of Human Services, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Lior Bikovski
- The Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Georgina Barnabas
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mariya Mardamshina
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Hemi
- Endocrine Service Unit, Sheba Medical Center Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Paulee Manich
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov-Brog
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tom Ben-Dov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Ohad Glaich
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Liber
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Bornstein
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Koral Goltseker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roy Ben-Bezalel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Spitzer
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Matz
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Phototherapy Unit, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pinchas Gonen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Percik
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Leibou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tomer Perluk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Gil Ast
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Frand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Proteomics Center, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1279, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Karnieli-Miller
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Levin
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ram Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center and Technion School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paul Pfluger
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Dickerson H, Tessier V, Davis E, Solis E, Armstrong T, Healy-La Price J. Body temperature patterns and energy balance hormones in free-living thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) from different latitudes. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:500-516. [DOI: 10.1086/721443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Leone A, De Amicis R, Pellizzari M, Bertoli S, Ravella S, Battezzati A. Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter? Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 35659737 PMCID: PMC9167557 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptions of hunger and satiety, but results are conflicting. We conducted a parallel study to evaluate sex differences in postprandial appetite ratings and ghrelin concentration after administration of a physiological meal among students of University of Milan.
Methods
Twenty-four healthy, normal weight volunteers (12 men and 12 women) aged 18–35 years were recruited. A balanced mixed meal meeting 40% of the estimated daily energy expenditure and providing 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from lipids and 15% from protein was administrated. Sex differences in appetite ratings (satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat) and magnitude of ghrelin suppression during postprandial period (up to 180 min) were determined.
Results
In the fasting state, men and women did not differ in appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations. After feeding, women tended to reach peak of satiety earlier than men, who in turn reached the nadir of hunger later than women (median: 30 min, interquartile range (IQR): 1; 120 vs. 1 min, IQR 1; 1, p = 0.007). Ghrelin suppression was greater in women (median decremental AUC − 95, IQR − 122; − 66) than in men (median decremental AUC − 47, IQR − 87; − 31, p = 0.041).
Conclusions
These findings suggest sex differences in the postprandial appetite regulation that might be important for nutritional strategy to prevent and treat obesity and eating disorders.
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25
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Prins K, Huisman M, McLuskey A, Mies R, Karels B, Delhanty PJD, Visser JA. Ghrelin deficiency sex-dependently affects food intake, locomotor activity, and adipose and hepatic gene expression in a binge-eating mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E494-E507. [PMID: 35403437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00432.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder diagnosed, affecting three times more women than men. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and reward signaling, and loss of its receptor reduces binge-eating behavior in male mice. Here, we examined the influence of ghrelin itself on binge-eating behavior in both male and female mice. Five-wk-old wild-type (WT) and ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl-/-) mice were housed individually in indirect calorimetry cages for 9 wks. Binge-like eating was induced by giving mice ad libitum chow, but time-restricted access to a Western-style diet (WD; 2 h access, 3 days/wk) in the light phase (BE); control groups received ad libitum chow (CO), or ad libitum access to both diets (CW). All groups of BE mice showed binge-eating behavior, eating up to 60% of their 24-h intake during the WD access period. Subsequent dark phase chow intake was decreased in Ghrl-/- mice and remained decreased in Ghrl-/- females on nonbinge days. Also, nonbinge day locomotor activity was lower in Ghrl-/- than in WT BE females. Upon euthanasia, Ghrl-/- BE mice weighed less and had a lower lean body mass percentage than WT BE mice. In BE and CW groups, ghrelin and sex altered the expression of genes involved in lipid processing, thermogenesis, and aging in white adipose tissue and livers. We conclude that, although ghrelin deficiency does not hamper the development of binge-like eating, it sex-dependently alters food intake timing, locomotor activity, and metabolism. These results add to the growing body of evidence that ghrelin signaling is sexually dimorphic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut, is involved in hunger and reward signaling, which are altered in binge-eating disorder. Although sex differences have been described in both binge-eating and ghrelin signaling, this interaction has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ghrelin deficiency affects the behavior and metabolism of mice in a binge-like eating paradigm, and that the sex of the mice impacts the magnitude and direction of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Huisman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Karels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Le N, Sayers S, Mata-Pacheco V, Wagner EJ. The PACAP Paradox: Dynamic and Surprisingly Pleiotropic Actions in the Central Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877647. [PMID: 35721722 PMCID: PMC9198406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the body. The abundance of PACAP expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and years of accompanying experimental evidence, indicates that PACAP plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes ranging from autonomic regulation to neuroprotection. In addition, PACAP is also abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic areas like the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei (VMN and ARC, respectively), as well as other brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) - suggesting that PACAP is capable of regulating energy homeostasis via both the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. The evidence gathered over the years has increased our appreciation for its function in controlling energy balance. Therefore, this review aims to further probe how the pleiotropic actions of PACAP in regulating energy homeostasis is influenced by sex and dynamic changes in energy status. We start with a general overview of energy homeostasis, and then introduce the integral components of the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. Next, we discuss sex differences inherent to the regulation of energy homeostasis via these two circuitries, as well as the activational effects of sex steroid hormones that bring about these intrinsic disparities between males and females. Finally, we explore the multifaceted role of PACAP in regulating homeostatic and hedonic feeding through its actions in regions like the NAc, BNST, and in particular the ARC, VMN and VTA that occur in sex- and energy status-dependent ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Le
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Sayers
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Mata-Pacheco
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Edward J. Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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27
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Steiner BM, Berry DC. The Regulation of Adipose Tissue Health by Estrogens. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:889923. [PMID: 35721736 PMCID: PMC9204494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.889923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its' associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders are significant health problems confronting many countries. A major driver for developing obesity and metabolic dysfunction is the uncontrolled expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). Specifically, the pathophysiological expansion of visceral WAT is often associated with metabolic dysfunction due to changes in adipokine secretion profiles, reduced vascularization, increased fibrosis, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory immune cells. A critical determinate of body fat distribution and WAT health is the sex steroid estrogen. The bioavailability of estrogen appears to favor metabolically healthy subcutaneous fat over visceral fat growth while protecting against changes in metabolic dysfunction. Our review will focus on the role of estrogen on body fat partitioning, WAT homeostasis, adipogenesis, adipocyte progenitor cell (APC) function, and thermogenesis to control WAT health and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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28
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de Souza GO, Wasinski F, Donato J. Characterization of the metabolic differences between male and female C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2022; 301:120636. [PMID: 35568227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to compare the responses between male and female C57BL/6 mice to multiple metabolic challenges to understand the importance of sex in the control of energy homeostasis. MAIN METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to nutritional and hormonal challenges, such as food restriction and refeeding, diet-induced obesity, feeding response to ghrelin and leptin, ghrelin-induced growth hormone secretion, and central responsiveness to ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamic expression of transcripts that control energy homeostasis was also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Male mice lost more weight and lean body mass in response to food restriction, compared to females. During refeeding, males accumulated more body fat and exhibited lower energy expenditure and glycemia, as compared to females. Additionally, female mice exhibited a higher protection against diet-induced obesity and related metabolic imbalances in comparison to males. Low dose ghrelin injection elicited higher food intake and growth hormone secretion in male mice, whereas the acute anorexigenic effect of leptin was more robust in females. However, the sex differences in the feeding responses to ghrelin and leptin were not explained by variations in the central responsiveness to these hormones nor by differences in the fiber density from arcuate nucleus neurons. Female, but not male, mice exhibited compensatory increases in hypothalamic Pomc mRNA levels in response to diet-induced obesity. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings revealed several sexually differentiated responses to metabolic challenges in C57BL/6 mice, highlighting the importance of taking into account sex differences in metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O de Souza
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil..
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29
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Maric I, Krieger JP, van der Velden P, Börchers S, Asker M, Vujicic M, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Skibicka KP. Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents. Front Nutr 2022; 9:828522. [PMID: 35284452 PMCID: PMC8908889 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.828522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and health consequences of obesity differ between men and women. Yet, most preclinical studies investigating the etiology of obesity have, to date, been conducted in male rodents. Notably, diet is a major determinant of obesity, but sex differences in rodent models of diet-induced obesity, and the mechanisms that underlie such differences, are still understudied. Here, we aim to determine whether time course and characteristics of diet-induced obesity differ between sexes in rats and mice, and to investigate the potential causes of the observed divergence. To achieve this, we offered the most commonly tested rodents of both sexes, SD rats and C57BL/6 mice, a free choice of 60 % high-fat diet (HFD) and regular chow; body weight, food intake, fat mass, brown adipose responses, locomotor activity and glucose tolerance were assessed in a similar manner in both species. Our results indicate that overall diet-induced hyperphagia is greater in males but that females display a higher preference for the HFD, irrespective of species. Female rats, compared to males, showed a delay in diet-induced weight gain and less metabolic complications. Although male rats increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in response to the HFD challenge, this was not sufficient to counteract increased adiposity. In contrast to rats, female and male mice presented with a dramatic adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance, and a decreased energy expenditure. Female mice showed a 5-fold increase in visceral fat, compared to 2-fold increase seen in male mice. Overall, we found that male and female rodents responded very differently to HFD challenge, and engaged different compensatory energy expenditure mechanisms. In addition, these sex differences are divergent in rats and mice. We conclude that SD rats have a better face validity for the lower prevalence of overweight in women, while C57BL/6 mice may better model the increased prevalence of morbid obesity in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Maric
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pauline van der Velden
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Börchers
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Asker
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujicic
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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30
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Varimo T, Miettinen PJ, Vaaralahti K, Toppari J, Huopio H, Voutilainen R, Tenhola S, Hero M, Raivio T. Circulating Liver-Enriched Antimicrobial Peptide-2 Decreases during Male Puberty. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac013. [PMID: 35187383 PMCID: PMC8852683 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Circulating levels of liver-enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), a ghrelin receptor antagonist, decrease under caloric restriction and increase in obesity. The role of LEAP2 in male puberty, a phase with accelerated energy demand, is unclear.
Methods
We determined circulating LEAP2 levels in 28 boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) who participated in a randomized controlled trial (NCT01797718), and were treated with letrozole (n=15) or intramuscular low-dose testosterone (T) (n=13) for 6 months. Blood sampling and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body composition were performed at 0, 6, and 12 month visits.
Results
Serum LEAP2 levels decreased significantly during pubertal progression (0-6 mo: mean decrease -4.3 [10.3] ng/ml, p=0.036 and 0-12mo: -3.9 [9.3] ng/ml, p=0.033). Between 0 and 6 months, the changes in serum LEAP2 levels correlated positively with changes in percentage of body fat (rs=0.48, p=0.011), and negatively with growth velocity, and estradiol levels (rs=-0.43, p=0.022, rs=-0.55, p=0.003, respectively). In the T group only, the changes in serum LEAP2 correlated negatively with changes in testosterone and estradiol levels. Between 0 and 12 months, the change in LEAP2 levels correlated negatively with the change in HDL levels (rs= -0.44, p=0.022) and positively with the change in insulin (rs=0.50, p=0.009), and HOMA-IR (rs=0.51, p=0.007) levels.
Conclusions
Circulating LEAP2 levels decreased after induction of puberty reciprocally with increased growth rate and energy demand reflecting the metabolic state of the adolescent. Further, the results suggest that estradiol levels may have a permissive role in downregulating circulating LEAP2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Varimo
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vaaralahti
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Huopio
- Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Matti Hero
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taneli Raivio
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
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31
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Burch KE, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Davis RL, Sloan DK, Curtis KS. Relationship Between Circulating Metabolic Hormones and Their Central Receptors During Ovariectomy-Induced Weight Gain in Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 12:800266. [PMID: 35069259 PMCID: PMC8766843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.800266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although increasing research focuses on the phenomenon of body weight gain in women after menopause, the complexity of body weight regulation and the array of models used to investigate it has proven to be challenging. Here, we used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which rapidly gain weight, to determine if receptors for ghrelin, insulin, or leptin in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), arcuate nucleus (ARC), or paraventricular nucleus (PVN) change during post-ovariectomy weight gain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to standard laboratory chow were bilaterally OVX or sham OVX. Subgroups were weighed and then terminated on day 5, 33, or 54 post-operatively; blood and brains were collected. ELISA kits were used to measure receptors for ghrelin, insulin, and leptin in the DVC, ARC, and PVN, as well as plasma ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. As expected, body weight increased rapidly after ovariectomy. However, ghrelin receptors did not change in any of the areas for either group, nor did circulating ghrelin. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated comparable ghrelin signaling in these CNS areas for both groups. Insulin receptors in the DVC and PVN decreased in the OVX group over time, increased in the PVN of the Sham group, and were unchanged in the ARC. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating insulin in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced insulin signaling in the DVC and PVN of OVX rats. Leptin receptors were unchanged in the DVC and ARC, but increased over time in the PVN of the Sham group. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating leptin in both groups that was more pronounced in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced leptin signaling in the DVC and PVN of both groups, but only in the OVX group for the ARC. Together, these data suggest that weight gain that occurs after removal of ovarian hormones by ovariectomy is associated with selective changes in metabolic hormone signaling in the CNS. While these changes may reflect behavioral or physiological alterations, it remains to be determined whether they cause post-ovariectomy weight gain or result from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Burch
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kelly McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Randall L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Dusti K Sloan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kathleen S Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Smith A, Woodside B, Abizaid A. Ghrelin and the Control of Energy Balance in Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:904754. [PMID: 35909536 PMCID: PMC9334675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is considered one of the most potent orexigenic peptide hormones and one that promotes homeostatic and hedonic food intake. Research on ghrelin, however, has been conducted predominantly in males and particularly in male rodents. In female mammals the control of energy metabolism is complex and it involves the interaction between ovarian hormones like estrogen and progesterone, and metabolic hormones. In females, the role that ghrelin plays in promoting feeding and how this is impacted by ovarian hormones is not well understood. Basal ghrelin levels are higher in females than in males, and ghrelin sensitivity changes across the estrus cycle. Yet, responses to ghrelin are lower in female and seem dependent on circulating levels of ovarian hormones. In this review we discuss the role that ghrelin plays in regulating homeostatic and hedonic food intake in females, and how the effects of ghrelin interact with those of ovarian hormones to regulate feeding and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Stress, Trauma and Relience (STAR) Work Group Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alfonso Abizaid,
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Metz L, Isacco L, Redman LM. Effect of oral contraceptives on energy balance in women: A review of current knowledge and potential cellular mechanisms. Metabolism 2022; 126:154919. [PMID: 34715118 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Body weight management is currently of major concern as the obesity epidemic is still a worldwide challenge. As women face more difficulties to lose weight than men, there is an urgent need to better understand the underlying reasons and mechanisms. Recent data have suggested that the use of oral contraceptive (OC) could be involved. The necessity of utilization and development of contraceptive strategies for birth regulation is undeniable and contraceptive pills appear as a quite easy approach. Moreover, OC also represent a strategy for the management of premenstrual symptoms, acne or bulimia nervosa. The exact impact of OC on body weight remains not clearly established. Thus, after exploring the potential underlying mechanisms by which OC could influence the two side of energy balance, we then provide an overview of the available evidence regarding the effects of OC on energy balance (i.e. energy expenditure and energy intake). Finally, we highlight the necessity for future research to clarify the cellular effects of OC and how the individualization of OC prescriptions can improve long-term weight loss management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Metz
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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Labarthe A, Zizzari P, Fiquet O, Lebrun N, Veldhuis JD, Roelfsema F, Chauveau C, Bohlooly-Y M, Epelbaum J, Tolle V. Effect of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Deletion on Growth, Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion, and Meal Pattern in Male and Female Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:215-234. [PMID: 33774644 DOI: 10.1159/000516147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the vast majority of research investigating the role of ghrelin or its receptor, GHS-R1a, in growth, feeding, and metabolism has been conducted in male rodents, very little is known about sex differences in this system. Furthermore, the role of GHS-R1a signaling in the control of pulsatile GH secretion and its link with growth or metabolic parameters has never been characterized. METHODS We assessed the sex-specific contribution of GHS-R1a signaling in the activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis, metabolic parameters, and feeding behavior in adolescent (5-6 weeks old) or adult (10-19 weeks old) GHS-R KO (Ghsr-/-) and WT (Ghsr+/+) male and female mice. RESULTS Adult Ghsr-/- male and female mice displayed deficits in weight and linear growth that were correlated with reduced GH pituitary contents in males only. GHS-R1a deletion was associated with reduced meal frequency and increased meal intervals, as well as reduced hypothalamic GHRH and NPY mRNA in males, not females. In adult, GH release from Ghsr-/- mice pituitary explants ex vivo was reduced independently of the sex. However, in vivo pulsatile GH secretion decreased in adult but not adolescent Ghsr-/- females, while in males, GHS-R1a deletion was associated with reduction in pulsatile GH secretion during adolescence exclusively. In males, linear growth did not correlate with pulsatile GH secretion, but rather with ApEn, a measure that reflects irregularity of the rhythmic secretion. Fat mass, plasma leptin concentrations, or ambulatory activity did not predict differences in GH secretion. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These results point to a sex-dependent dimorphic effect of GHS-R1a signaling to modulate pulsatile GH secretion and meal pattern in mice with different compensatory mechanisms occurring in the hypothalamus of adult males and females after GHS-R1a deletion. Altogether, we show that GHS-R1a signaling plays a more critical role in the regulation of pulsatile GH secretion during adolescence in males and adulthood in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Labarthe
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab ULR 4490, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Université de Paris, UMRS_1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
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Chu G, Peng H, Yu N, Zhang Y, Lin X, Lu Y. Involvement of POMC neurons in LEAP2 regulation of food intake and body weight. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:932761. [PMID: 36387867 PMCID: PMC9650057 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a newly discovered antagonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and is considered the first endogenous peptide that can antagonize the metabolic actions of ghrelin. The effects of ghrelin administration on feeding behavior, body weight, and energy metabolism involve the activation of orexigenic neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. It is unclear, however, if LEAP2 applied directly to the ARC of the hypothalamus affects these metabolic processes. Here, we show that overexpression of LEAP2 in the ARC through adeno-associated virus (AAV) reduced food intake and body weight in wild-type (WT) mice fed chow and a high-fat diet (HFD) and improved metabolic disorders. LEAP2 overexpression in the ARC overrides both central and peripheral ghrelin action on a chow diet. Interestingly, this AAV-LEAP2 treatment increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression while agouti-related peptide (AGRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GHSR levels remained unchanged in the hypothalamus. Additionally, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of LEAP2 decreased food intake, increased POMC neuronal activity, and repeated LEAP2 administration to mice induced body weight loss. Using chemogenetic manipulations, we found that inhibition of POMC neurons abolished the anorexigenic effect of LEAP2. These results demonstrate that central delivery of LEAP2 leads to appetite-suppressing and body weight reduction, which might require activation of POMC neurons in the ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpin Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualing Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nana Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueling Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yisheng Lu,
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Börchers S, Krieger JP, Maric I, Carl J, Abraham M, Longo F, Asker M, Richard JE, Skibicka KP. From an Empty Stomach to Anxiolysis: Molecular and Behavioral Assessment of Sex Differences in the Ghrelin Axis of Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901669. [PMID: 35784535 PMCID: PMC9243305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a stomach-produced hormone, is well-recognized for its role in promoting feeding, controlling energy homeostasis, and glucoregulation. Ghrelin's function to ensure survival extends beyond that: its release parallels that of corticosterone, and ghrelin administration and fasting have an anxiolytic and antidepressant effect. This clearly suggests a role in stress and anxiety. However, most studies of ghrelin's effects on anxiety have been conducted exclusively on male rodents. Here, we hypothesize that female rats are wired for higher ghrelin sensitivity compared to males. To test this, we systematically compared components of the ghrelin axis between male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Next, we evaluated whether anxiety-like behavior and feeding response to endogenous or exogenous ghrelin are sex divergent. In line with our hypothesis, we show that female rats have higher serum levels of ghrelin and lower levels of the endogenous antagonist LEAP-2, compared to males. Furthermore, circulating ghrelin levels were partly dependent on estradiol; ovariectomy drastically reduced circulating ghrelin levels, which were partly restored by estradiol replacement. In contrast, orchiectomy did not affect circulating plasma ghrelin. Additionally, females expressed higher levels of the endogenous ghrelin receptor GHSR1A in brain areas involved in feeding and anxiety: the lateral hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Moreover, overnight fasting increased GHSR1A expression in the amygdala of females, but not males. To evaluate the behavioral consequences of these molecular differences, male and female rats were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), and acoustic startle response (ASR) after three complementary ghrelin manipulations: increased endogenous ghrelin levels through overnight fasting, systemic administration of ghrelin, or blockade of fasting-induced ghrelin signaling with a GHSR1A antagonist. Here, females exhibited a stronger anxiolytic response to fasting and ghrelin in the ASR, in line with our findings of sex differences in the ghrelin axis. Most importantly, after GHSR1A antagonist treatment, females but not males displayed an anxiogenic response in the ASR, and a more pronounced anxiogenesis in the EPM and OF compared to males. Collectively, female rats are wired for higher sensitivity to fasting-induced anxiolytic ghrelin signaling. Further, the sex differences in the ghrelin axis are modulated, at least partly, by gonadal steroids, specifically estradiol. Overall, ghrelin plays a more prominent role in the regulation of anxiety-like behavior of female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Börchers
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivana Maric
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jil Carl
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maral Abraham
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Asker
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E. Richard
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P. Skibicka
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karolina P. Skibicka,
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Kamemoto K, Yamada M, Matsuda T, Ogata H, Ishikawa A, Kanno M, Miyashita M, Sakamaki-Sunaga M. Effects of menstrual cycle on appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake in response to cycling exercise in physically active women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:224-235. [PMID: 34882026 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01117.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ample evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of endurance exercise performed at or greater than 70% of maximum oxygen uptake suppresses appetite partly through changes in appetite-regulating hormones, no study has directly compared the influence between the phases of the menstrual cycle in women. The present study compared the effects of an acute bout of exercise on orexigenic hormone (acylated ghrelin) and anorexigenic hormones (peptide YY and cholecystokinin) between the early follicular phase (FP) and the mid luteal phase (LP) of the menstrual cycle in physically active women. Ten healthy women (age, 20.6 ± 0.7 years) completed two 3.5-h trials in each menstrual phase. In both trials, participants performed cycling exercises at 70% of heart rate reserve (at a corresponding intensity to 70% of maximum oxygen uptake) for 60 min followed by 90 min of rest. Following 90 min of rest, participants were provided with an ad libitum meal for a fixed duration of 30 min. Blood samples and subjective appetite were collected and assessed before, during, immediately post-, 45 min post-, and 90 min post-exercise. The exercise increased estradiol (327 %) and progesterone (681 %) in the LP more than the FP respectively (P < 0.001, f = 1.33; P < 0.001,f = 1.20). There were no between-trial differences in appetite-regulating hormones, subjective appetite, or energy intake of ad libitum meal. These findings indicate that exercise-induced increases in ovarian hormones in the LP may not influence appetite-regulating hormones in physically active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kamemoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamada
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Kanno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Clarke GS, Gatford KL, Young RL, Grattan DR, Ladyman SR, Page AJ. Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1813-1824. [PMID: 34623766 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient and balanced maternal diet is critical to meet the nutritional demands of the developing fetus and to facilitate deposition of fat reserves for lactation. Multiple adaptations occur to meet these energy requirements, including reductions in energy expenditure and increases in maternal food intake. The central nervous system plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis and responds to multiple metabolic and nutrient cues, including those arising from the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the nutrient requirements of pregnancy and the impact of over- and undernutrition on the risk of pregnancy complications and adult disease in progeny. The central and peripheral regulation of food intake is then discussed, with particular emphasis on the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and the mechanisms that drive these changes, including the possible role of the pregnancy-associated hormones progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and growth hormone. We identify the need for deeper mechanistic understanding of maternal adaptations, in particular, changes in gut-brain axis satiety signaling. Improved understanding of food intake regulation during pregnancy will provide a basis to inform strategies that prevent maternal under- or overnutrition, improve fetal health, and reduce the long-term health and economic burden for mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia S Clarke
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard L Young
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Intestinal Nutrient Sensing Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence: Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence: Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hassouna R, Fernandez G, Lebrun N, Fiquet O, Roelfsema F, Labarthe A, Zizzari P, Tomasetto C, Epelbaum J, Viltart O, Chauveau C, Perello M, Tolle V. Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:754522. [PMID: 34721302 PMCID: PMC8549963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.754522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using preproghrelin-deficient mice (Ghrl-/-), we previously observed that preproghrelin modulates pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion in post-pubertal male mice. However, the role of ghrelin and its derived peptides in the regulation of growth parameters or feeding in females is unknown. We measured pulsatile GH secretion, growth, metabolic parameters and feeding behavior in adult Ghrl-/- and Ghrl+/+ male and female mice. We also assessed GH release from pituitary explants and hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression and immunoreactivity. Body weight and body fat mass, linear growth, spontaneous food intake and food intake following a 48-h fast, GH pituitary contents and GH release from pituitary explants ex vivo, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were not different among adult Ghrl-/- and Ghrl+/+ male or female mice. In vivo, pulsatile GH secretion was decreased, while approximate entropy, that quantified orderliness of secretion, was increased in adult Ghrl-/- females only, defining more irregular GH pattern. The number of neurons immunoreactive for GHRH visualized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was increased in adult Ghrl-/- females, as compared to Ghrl+/+ females, whereas the expression of GHRH was not different amongst groups. Thus, these results point to sex-specific effects of preproghrelin gene deletion on pulsatile GH secretion, but not feeding, growth or metabolic parameters, in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hassouna
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Labarthe
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tomasetto
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR7104 CNRS/U1258 INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab - MABLab ULR 4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Université de Paris, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
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Kang T, Ye J, Qin P, Li H, Yao Z, Liu Y, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Yu T, Cao H, Li Y, Wang J, Fang F. Knockdown of Ptprn-2 delays the onset of puberty in female rats. Theriogenology 2021; 176:137-148. [PMID: 34607132 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated how Ptprn-2 (encoding tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N2 polypeptide protein) affects the onset of puberty in female rats. We evaluated the expression of Ptprn-2 mRNA and protein in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis of female rats using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence at infancy, prepuberty, puberty, peripuberty, and adulthood. We evaluated the effects of Ptprn-2 gene knockdown on different aspects of reproduction-related biology in female rats, including the expression levels of puberty-related genes in vivo and in vitro, the time to onset of puberty, the concentration of serum reproductive hormones, the morphology of ovaries, and the ultrastructure of pituitary gonadotropin cells. Our results demonstrated that PTPRN-2 was primarily distributed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), periventricular nucleus (PeN), adenohypophysis, and the ovarian follicular theca, stroma, and granulosa cells of female rats at various stages. Ptprn-2 mRNA levels significantly varied between peripuberty and puberty (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. In hypothalamic cells, Ptprn-2 knockdown decreased the expression of Ptprn-2 and Rfrp-3 mRNA (P < 0.05) and increased the levels of Gnrh and Kiss-1 mRNA (P < 0.05). Ptprn-2 knockdown in the hypothalamus resulted in delayed vaginal opening compared to the control group (n = 12, P < 0.01), and Ptprn-2, Gnrh, and Kiss-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) all decreased, while the expression of Igf-1 (P < 0.05) and Rfrp-3 mRNA (P < 0.01) increased. The concentrations of FSH and P4 in the serum of Ptprn-2 knockdown rats were lower than in control animals (P < 0.05). Large transverse perimeters and longitudinal perimeters (P < 0.05) were found in the ovaries of Ptprn-2 knockdown rats. There were fewer large secretory particles from gonadotropin cells in adenohypophysis tissue of the Ptprn-2 knockdown group compared to the control group. This indicates that Ptprn-2 knockdown can regulate levels of Gnrh, Kiss-1, and Rfrp-3 mRNA in the hypothalamus, regulate the concentration of serum FSH and P4, and alter the morphology of ovarian and gonadotropin cells, delaying the onset of puberty in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Kang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yao
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Monteagudo C, Robles-Aguilera V, Salcedo-Bellido I, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Aguilera M, Zafra-Gómez A, Burgos MAM, Rivas A. Dietary exposure to parabens and body mass index in an adolescent Spanish population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111548. [PMID: 34166657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid which are extensively used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs due to their antimicrobial properties. The most commonly used parabens are methyl-(MeP), ethyl-(EtP), propyl-(PrP) and butyl-(BuP) paraben. Most human exposure to parabens is achieved through the consumption of food or pharmaceutical products and the use of personal care products. However, studies on dietary parabens exposure and the associated factors are very scarce. The main aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with dietary exposure to parabens in Spanish adolescents according to gender. Dietary data and anthropometric measures were collected from 585 adolescents (53.4% boys) aged 12-16 years. Parabens exposure through diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire with food products providing more than 95% of energy and macronutrient intake being included in analysis. Stepwise regression was used to identify the foods that most contributed to parabens intake. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors predicting higher dietary exposure to parabens. The main contributors to dietary MeP, EtP, PrP and BuP exposure in adolescent boys were eggs (41.9%), canned tuna (46.4%), bakery and baked goods products (57.3%) and pineapple (61.1%). In adolescent girls, the main contributors were apples and pears (35.3%), canned tuna (42.1%), bakery and baked goods products (55.1%) and olives (62.1%). Overweight/obese girls were more likely to belong to the highest tertile of overall parabens intake (odds ratio [OR]: 3.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.21-9.15) and MeP (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.14-8.12) than those with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2. These findings suggest a positive association between dietary exposure to parabens and overweight/obesity in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Robles-Aguilera
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 2809, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Alba Martínez Burgos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Matáix' (INYTA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18071, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Ibs-Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain
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Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J. Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100944. [PMID: 34425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is the fine regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake. Negative energy balance causes body weight loss, while positive energy balance promotes weight gain. Modern societies offer a maladapted way of life, where easy access to palatable foods and the lack of opportunities to perform physical activity are considered the roots of the obesity pandemic. Physical exercise increases energy expenditure and, consequently, is supposed to promote weight loss. Paradoxically, physical exercise acutely drives anorexigenic-like effects, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using an evolutionary background, this review aims to highlight the potential involvement of the melanocortin system and other hypothalamic neural circuitries regulating energy balance during and after physical exercise. The physiological significance of these changes will be explored, and possible signalling agents will be addressed. The knowledge discussed here might be important for clarifying obesity aetiology as well as new therapeutic approaches for body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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dos Santos WO, Gusmao DO, Wasinski F, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Donato J. Effects of Growth Hormone Receptor Ablation in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9908. [PMID: 34576072 PMCID: PMC8465163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) cells are the dominant neuronal population responsive to the growth hormone (GH) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). However, the physiological importance of GH receptor (GHR) signaling in CRH neurons is currently unknown. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the consequences of GHR ablation in CRH-expressing cells of male and female mice. GHR ablation in CRH cells did not cause significant changes in body weight, body composition, food intake, substrate oxidation, locomotor activity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, counterregulatory response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and ghrelin-induced food intake. However, reduced energy expenditure was observed in female mice carrying GHR ablation in CRH cells. The absence of GHR in CRH cells did not affect anxiety, circadian glucocorticoid levels or restraint-stress-induced corticosterone secretion and activation of PVH neurons in both male and female mice. In summary, GHR ablation, specifically in CRH-expressing neurons, does not lead to major alterations in metabolism, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, acute stress response or anxiety in mice. Considering the previous studies showing that central GHR signaling regulates homeostasis in situations of metabolic stress, future studies are still necessary to identify the potential physiological importance of GH action on CRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian O. dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Daniela O. Gusmao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (E.O.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (E.O.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (W.O.d.S.); (D.O.G.); (F.W.)
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Shankar K, Metzger NP, Singh O, Mani BK, Osborne-Lawrence S, Varshney S, Gupta D, Ogden SB, Takemi S, Richard CP, Nandy K, Liu C, Zigman JM. LEAP2 deletion in mice enhances ghrelin's actions as an orexigen and growth hormone secretagogue. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101327. [PMID: 34428557 PMCID: PMC8452786 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP2) is a recently identified antagonist and an inverse agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR's other well-known endogenous ligand, acyl-ghrelin, increases food intake, body weight, and GH secretion and is lowered in obesity but elevated upon fasting. In contrast, LEAP2 reduces acyl-ghrelin-induced food intake and GH secretion and is found elevated in obesity but lowered upon fasting. Thus, the plasma LEAP2/acyl-ghrelin molar ratio could be a key determinant modulating GHSR signaling in response to changes in body mass and feeding status. In particular, LEAP2 may serve to dampen acyl-ghrelin action in the setting of obesity, which is associated with ghrelin resistance. Here, we sought to determine the metabolic effects of genetic LEAP2 deletion. Methods We generated the first known LEAP2-KO mouse line. Food intake, GH secretion, and cellular activation (c-fos induction) in different brain regions following s.c. acyl-ghrelin administration in LEAP2-KO mice and wild-type littermates were determined. LEAP2-KO mice and wild-type littermates were submitted to a battery of tests (such as measurements of body weight, food intake, and body composition; indirect calorimetry, determination of locomotor activity, and meal patterning while housed in metabolic cages) over the course of 16 weeks of high-fat diet and/or standard chow feeding. Fat accumulation was assessed in hematoxylin & eosin-stained and oil red O-stained liver sections from these mice. Results LEAP2-KO mice were more sensitive to s.c. ghrelin. In particular, acyl-ghrelin acutely stimulated food intake at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg BW in standard chow-fed LEAP2-KO mice while a 2× higher dose was required by wild-type littermates. Also, acyl-ghrelin stimulated food intake at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW in high-fat diet-fed LEAP2-KO mice while not even a 10× higher dose was effective in wild-type littermates. Acyl-ghrelin induced a 90.9% higher plasma GH level and 77.2–119.7% higher numbers of c-fos-immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus and olfactory bulb, respectively, in LEAP2-KO mice than in wild-type littermates. LEAP2 deletion raised body weight (by 15.0%), food intake (by 18.4%), lean mass (by 6.1%), hepatic fat (by 42.1%), and body length (by 1.7%) in females on long-term high-fat diet as compared to wild-type littermates. After only 4 weeks on the high-fat diet, female LEAP2-KO mice exhibited lower O2 consumption (by 13%), heat production (by 9.5%), and locomotor activity (by 49%) than by wild-type littermates during the first part of the dark period. These genotype-dependent differences were not observed in high-fat diet-exposed males or female and male mice exposed for long term to standard chow diet. Conclusions LEAP2 deletion sensitizes lean and obese mice to the acute effects of administered acyl-ghrelin on food intake and GH secretion. LEAP2 deletion increases body weight in females chronically fed a high-fat diet as a result of lowered energy expenditure, reduced locomotor activity, and increased food intake. Furthermore, in female mice, LEAP2 deletion increases body length and exaggerates the hepatic fat accumulation normally associated with chronic high-fat diet feeding. A novel line of LEAP2-knockout mice was generated. LEAP2 deletion sensitizes mice to the GH secretory effects of administered ghrelin. LEAP2 deletion reduces ghrelin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. HFD-fed female LEAP2-KO mice eat more and gain more body weight and hepatic fat. HFD-fed female LEAP2-KO mice exhibit lowered energy expenditure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nathan P Metzger
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Omprakash Singh
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bharath K Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Salil Varshney
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sean B Ogden
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shota Takemi
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Corine P Richard
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karabi Nandy
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Wasinski F, Barrile F, Pedroso JAB, Quaresma PGF, dos Santos WO, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Perelló M, Donato J. Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6273366. [PMID: 33972988 PMCID: PMC8197284 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
| | - João A B Pedroso
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Willian O dos Santos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence: Mario Perelló, PhD, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Calle 526 S/N entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900. Argentina.
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: Jose Donato Jr., PhD, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil;
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Motaghi S, Jonaidi H, Talebifard H, Chavoshizadeh M. The avian central roles of alpha and beta oestrogen receptors on food intake. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:308-312. [PMID: 34085317 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, oestrogen reduces food intake centrally via alpha oestrogen receptors (αER). As there was no report about the central roles of oestrogen receptors of alpha and beta, on food intake behaviour in birds, we aimed at this subject. In the first experiment beta oestradiol, a specific beta oestrogen receptor (βER; 0, 2.5, 5,10, 15 and 31 μg) was injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to 3-h fasted broilers. The second and third experiments were similar to the first one, but alpha oestradiol, the specific (αER; 2.5, 5 and 10 μg) and MPP hydrochloride, a highly selective antagonist of (αER) (0.1, 1 and 10 μg) were used. Our result showed that alpha oestradiol increased food intake and MPP hydrochloride reversed this effect. This study shows that, similar to rodents, in the avian brain (aER) are involved in food intake behavior, but despite them, their effects are stimulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Motaghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Jonaidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadis Talebifard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Chavoshizadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Contribution of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the regulation of social motivation in male mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:230. [PMID: 33879778 PMCID: PMC8058340 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most psychiatric disorders are characterized by deficits in the ability to interact socially with others. Ghrelin, a hormone normally associated with the regulation of glucose utilization and appetite, is also implicated in the modulation of motivated behaviors including those associated with food and sex rewards. Here we hypothesized that deficits in ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor; GHSR) signaling are also associated with deficits in social motivation in male mice. To test this hypothesis, we compared social motivation in male mice lacking GHSR or mice treated with the GHSR antagonist JMV2959 with that of WT or vehicle-treated mice. GHSR signaling in dopamine cells of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been implicated in the control of sexual behavior, thus we further hypothesized that GHSR signaling in the VTA is important for social motivation. Thus, we conducted studies where we delivered JMV2959 to block GHSR in the VTA of mice, and studies where we rescued the expression of GHSR in the VTA of GHSR knockout (KO) mice. Mice lacking GHSR or injected with JMV2959 peripherally for 3 consecutive days displayed lower social motivation as reflected by a longer latency to approach a novel conspecific and shorter interaction time compared to WT or vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, intra-VTA infusion of JMV2959 resulted in longer latencies to approach a novel conspecific, whereas GHSR KO mice with partial rescue of the GHSR showed decreased latencies to begin a novel social interaction. Together, these data suggest that GHSR in the VTA facilitate social approach in male mice, and GHSR-signaling deficits within the VTA result in reduced motivation to interact socially.
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Yamada C. Relationship between Orexigenic Peptide Ghrelin Signal, Gender Difference and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073763. [PMID: 33916403 PMCID: PMC8038632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), which is one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is involved in various physiological actions such as energy consumption, growth hormone secretion promoting action, and cardiovascular protective action. The ligand was searched for as an orphan receptor for a while, but the ligand was found to be acylated ghrelin (ghrelin) discovered by Kangawa and Kojima et al. in 1999. Recently, it has also been reported that dysregulation of GHS-R1a mediates reduced feeding in various diseases. On the other hand, since the physiological effects of ghrelin have been studied exclusively in male mice, few studies have been conducted on gender differences in ghrelin reactivity. In this review, we describe (1) the characteristics of GHS-R1a, (2) the role of ghrelin in hypophagia due to stress or anticancer drugs, and (3) the gender differences in the physiological effects of GHS-R1a and the influence of stress on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
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49
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Calder AN, Yu T, Dahir NS, Sun Y, Gilbertson TA. Ghrelin Receptors Enhance Fat Taste Responsiveness in Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041045. [PMID: 33804920 PMCID: PMC8063820 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a major appetite-stimulating neuropeptide found in circulation. While its role in increasing food intake is well known, its role in affecting taste perception, if any, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor's (GHS-R; a ghrelin receptor) activity in the peripheral taste system using feeding studies and conditioned taste aversion assays by comparing wild-type and GHS-R-knockout models. Using transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), we demonstrated GHS-R expression in the taste system in relation phospholipase C ß2 isotype (PLCβ2; type II taste cell marker)- and glutamate decarboxylase type 67 (GAD67; type III taste cell marker)-expressing cells using immunohistochemistry. We observed high levels of co-localization between PLCβ2 and GHS-R within the taste system, while GHS-R rarely co-localized in GAD67-expressing cells. Additionally, following 6 weeks of 60% high-fat diet, female Ghsr-/- mice exhibited reduced responsiveness to linoleic acid (LA) compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts, while no such differences were observed in male Ghsr-/- and WT mice. Overall, our results are consistent with the interpretation that ghrelin in the taste system is involved in the complex sensing and recognition of fat compounds. Ghrelin-GHS-R signaling may play a critical role in the recognition of fatty acids in female mice, and this differential regulation may contribute to their distinct ingestive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.N.C.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Naima S. Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.N.C.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Timothy A. Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-321-266-7245
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Dahir NS, Calder AN, McKinley BJ, Liu Y, Gilbertson TA. Sex differences in fat taste responsiveness are modulated by estradiol. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E566-E580. [PMID: 33427045 PMCID: PMC7988783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable has been the focus of increasing interest. Relatively few studies have focused, however, on differences in peripheral taste function between males and females. Nonetheless, there are reports of sex-dependent differences in chemosensitivity in the gustatory system. The involvement of endogenous changes in ovarian hormones has been suggested to account for taste discrepancies. Additionally, whether sex differences exist in taste receptor expression, activation, and subsequent signaling pathways that may contribute to different taste responsiveness is not well understood. In this study, we show the presence of both the nuclear and plasma membrane forms of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA and protein in mouse taste cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that estrogen increases taste cell activation during the application of fatty acids, the chemical cue for fat taste, in taste receptor cells. We found that genes important for the transduction pathway of fatty acids vary between males and females and that these differences also exist across the various taste papillae. In vivo support for the effect of estrogens in taste cells was provided by comparing the fatty acid responsiveness in male, intact female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice with and without hormone replacement. In general, females detected fatty acids at lower concentrations, and the presence of circulating estrogens increased this apparent fat taste sensitivity. Taken together, these data indicate that increased circulating estrogens in the taste system may play a significant role in physiology and chemosensory cellular activation and, in turn, may alter taste-driven behavior.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using molecular, cellular, and behavioral analyses, this study shows that sex differences occur in fat taste in a mouse model. Female mice are more responsive to fatty acids, leading to an overall decrease in intake and fatty acid preference. These differences are linked to sex hormones, as estradiol enhances taste cell responsiveness to fatty acids during periods of low circulating estrogen following ovariectomy and in males. Estradiol is ineffective in altering fatty acid signaling during a high-estrogen period and in ovariectomized mice on hormone replacement. Thus, taste receptor cells are a direct target for actions of estrogen, and there are multiple receptors with differing patterns of expression in taste cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima S Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ashley N Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Timothy A Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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