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Fotopoulos NH, Chaumette B, Devenyi GA, Karama S, Chakravarty M, Labbe A, Grizenko N, Schmitz N, Fageera W, Joober R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and cortical structure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115791. [PMID: 38367455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is considered a risk factor for ADHD. While the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood, MSDP may impact the developing brain in ways that lead to ADHD. Here, we investigated the effect of prenatal smoking exposure on cortical brain structures in children with ADHD using two methods of assessing prenatal exposure: maternal recall and epigenetic typing. Exposure groups were defined according to: (1) maternal recall (+MSDP: n = 24; -MSDP: n = 85) and (2) epigenetic markers (EM) (+EM: n = 14 -EM: n = 21). CIVET-1.1.12 and RMINC were used to acquire cortical brain measurements and perform statistical analyses, respectively. The vertex with highest significance was tested for association with Continuous Performance Test (CPT) dimensions. While no differences of brain structures were identified between +MSDP and -MSDP, +EM children (n = 10) had significantly smaller surface area in the right orbitofrontal cortex (ROFc), middle temporal cortex (RTc) and parahippocampal gyrus (RPHg) (15% FDR) compared to -EM children (n = 20). Cortical surface area in the RPHg significantly correlated with CPT commission errors T-scores. This study suggests that molecular markers may better define exposure to environmental risks, as compared to human recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie H Fotopoulos
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Weam Fageera
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Dalton K, Joober R, Karama S, Palaniyappan L. Making use of N-of-1 trials to treat ADHD in people with psychosis: a hypothetical case. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E133-E134. [PMID: 38569724 PMCID: PMC10980528 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.240010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dalton
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Dalton, Joober, Karama, Palaniyappan); and Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Ridha Joober
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Dalton, Joober, Karama, Palaniyappan); and Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Sherif Karama
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Dalton, Joober, Karama, Palaniyappan); and Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- From the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Dalton, Joober, Karama, Palaniyappan); and Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ont., Canada (Palaniyappan)
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Drakulich S, Sitartchouk A, Olafson E, Sarhani R, Thiffault AC, Chakravarty M, Evans AC, Karama S. General cognitive ability and pericortical contrast. Intelligence 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Joober
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Joober, Karama); and the Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Que., Canada (Joober, Karama)
| | - Sherif Karama
- From the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Joober, Karama); and the Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Que., Canada (Joober, Karama)
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Drakulich S, Thiffault AC, Olafson E, Parent O, Labbe A, Albaugh MD, Khundrakpam B, Ducharme S, Evans A, Chakravarty MM, Karama S. Maturational trajectories of pericortical contrast in typical brain development. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117974. [PMID: 33766753 PMCID: PMC8278832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, a significant amount of work has aimed to characterize maturational trajectories of cortical development. The role of pericortical microstructure putatively characterized as the gray-white matter contrast (GWC) at the pericortical gray-white matter boundary and its relationship to more traditional morphological measures of cortical morphometry has emerged as a means to examine finer grained neuroanatomical underpinnings of cortical changes. In this work, we characterize the GWC developmental trajectories in a representative sample (n = 394) of children and adolescents (~4 to ~22 years of age), with repeated scans (1-3 scans per subject, total scans n = 819). We tested whether linear, quadratic, or cubic trajectories of contrast development best described changes in GWC. A best-fit model was identified vertex-wise across the whole cortex via the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). GWC across nearly the whole brain was found to significantly change with age. Cubic trajectories were likeliest for 63% of vertices, quadratic trajectories were likeliest for 20% of vertices, and linear trajectories were likeliest for 16% of vertices. A main effect of sex was observed in some regions, where males had a higher GWC than females. However, no sex by age interactions were found on GWC. In summary, our results suggest a progressive decrease in GWC at the pericortical boundary throughout childhood and adolescence. This work contributes to efforts seeking to characterize typical, healthy brain development and, by extension, can help elucidate aberrant developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Drakulich
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne-Charlotte Thiffault
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Olafson
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Olivier Parent
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- HEC Montréal, 3000, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 2A7, Canada
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Larnier College of Medicine, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Budhachandra Khundrakpam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mallar M Chakravarty
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Huguet G, Schramm C, Douard E, Tamer P, Main A, Monin P, England J, Jizi K, Renne T, Poirier M, Nowak S, Martin CO, Younis N, Knoth IS, Jean-Louis M, Saci Z, Auger M, Tihy F, Mathonnet G, Maftei C, Léveillé F, Porteous D, Davies G, Redmond P, Harris SE, Hill WD, Lemyre E, Schumann G, Bourgeron T, Pausova Z, Paus T, Karama S, Lippe S, Deary IJ, Almasy L, Labbe A, Glahn D, Greenwood CMT, Jacquemont S. Genome-wide analysis of gene dosage in 24,092 individuals estimates that 10,000 genes modulate cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2663-2676. [PMID: 33414497 PMCID: PMC8953148 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) are routinely identified and reported back to patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, but their quantitative effects on essential traits such as cognitive ability are poorly documented. We have recently shown that the effect size of deletions on cognitive ability can be statistically predicted using measures of intolerance to haploinsufficiency. However, the effect sizes of duplications remain unknown. It is also unknown if the effect of multigenic CNVs are driven by a few genes intolerant to haploinsufficiency or distributed across tolerant genes as well. Here, we identified all CNVs > 50 kilobases in 24,092 individuals from unselected and autism cohorts with assessments of general intelligence. Statistical models used measures of intolerance to haploinsufficiency of genes included in CNVs to predict their effect size on intelligence. Intolerant genes decrease general intelligence by 0.8 and 2.6 points of intelligence quotient when duplicated or deleted, respectively. Effect sizes showed no heterogeneity across cohorts. Validation analyses demonstrated that models could predict CNV effect sizes with 78% accuracy. Data on the inheritance of 27,766 CNVs showed that deletions and duplications with the same effect size on intelligence occur de novo at the same frequency. We estimated that around 10,000 intolerant and tolerant genes negatively affect intelligence when deleted, and less than 2% have large effect sizes. Genes encompassed in CNVs were not enriched in any GOterms but gene regulation and brain expression were GOterms overrepresented in the intolerant subgroup. Such pervasive effects on cognition may be related to emergent properties of the genome not restricted to a limited number of biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Huguet
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Main
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Sciences de la Décision, HEC Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Monin
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jade England
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khadije Jizi
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Renne
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Universite de Rouen Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Rouen, France
| | - Myriam Poirier
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Nowak
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles-Olivier Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Younis
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Inga Sophia Knoth
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zohra Saci
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Auger
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tihy
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Géraldine Mathonnet
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catalina Maftei
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Léveillé
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Porteous
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Lemyre
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Department of Neurosciences, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Genes, Synapses and Cognition Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippe
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian J Deary
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aurélie Labbe
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Fotopoulos NH, Devenyi GA, Guay S, Sengupta SM, Chakravarty MM, Grizenko N, Karama S, Joober R. Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication is inversely related to hippocampus subregional volume in children. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102695. [PMID: 34015673 PMCID: PMC8141923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication characterized as the product of lifetime duration and dose. Medication effects investigated on 51 subregional volumes. Smaller hippocampus CA1 volumes associated with higher medication exposure. Effects remained when correcting for age and ADHD symptom severity. No global effects of medication on cortical thickness or surface area detected.
Background Although there is some evidence for a normalization of brain structure following exposure to ADHD medication, literature on the effects of duration and dose of continued use on the brain is scarce. Here, we investigated the association between cumulative exposure to medication (range 1 week to 4.69 years) and cortical structures and subcortical volumes in a clinical sample of children with ADHD taking medication (n = 109). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural MRI study investigating the effects of cumulative exposure to medication on subregional volumes in children treated for ADHD. Methods Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication (CEM) was defined as the product of duration on medication (days) and dose (mg/day), yielding the area under the curve (total mg). Cortical thickness and surface area measurements (CIVET-1.1.12), and subcortical volumes in 51 regions (MAGeT-Brain) were analyzed using general linear modelling. Results Significant effects of CEM were found in two subregions of the left hippocampus, the CA1 (df = 95; q = 0.003) and the strata radiatum/lacunosum/moleculare (df = 95; q = 0.003). Specifically, higher CEM was associated with smaller volumes within these subregions. No effects of medication exposure were detected on cortical thickness or surface area. Conclusions Although this study is cross-sectional, the results found within this sample of children show that prolonged ADHD medication use at higher doses is significantly associated with smaller hippocampus volumes in specific subregions. More research is required to determine whether these results are reproduced in other samples of children of ADHD, and further, whether these are beneficial or off-target effects of the medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie H Fotopoulos
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Guay
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarojini M Sengupta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Benrimoh D, Tanguay-Sela M, Perlman K, Israel S, Mehltretter J, Armstrong C, Fratila R, Parikh SV, Karp JF, Heller K, Vahia IV, Blumberger DM, Karama S, Vigod SN, Myhr G, Martins R, Rollins C, Popescu C, Lundrigan E, Snook E, Wakid M, Williams J, Soufi G, Perez T, Tunteng JF, Rosenfeld K, Miresco M, Turecki G, Gomez Cardona L, Linnaranta O, Margolese HC. Using a simulation centre to evaluate preliminary acceptability and impact of an artificial intelligence-powered clinical decision support system for depression treatment on the physician-patient interaction. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e22. [PMID: 33403948 PMCID: PMC8058891 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, artificial intelligence-powered devices have been put forward as potentially powerful tools for the improvement of mental healthcare. An important question is how these devices impact the physician-patient interaction. AIMS Aifred is an artificial intelligence-powered clinical decision support system (CDSS) for the treatment of major depression. Here, we explore the use of a simulation centre environment in evaluating the usability of Aifred, particularly its impact on the physician-patient interaction. METHOD Twenty psychiatry and family medicine attending staff and residents were recruited to complete a 2.5-h study at a clinical interaction simulation centre with standardised patients. Each physician had the option of using the CDSS to inform their treatment choice in three 10-min clinical scenarios with standardised patients portraying mild, moderate and severe episodes of major depression. Feasibility and acceptability data were collected through self-report questionnaires, scenario observations, interviews and standardised patient feedback. RESULTS All 20 participants completed the study. Initial results indicate that the tool was acceptable to clinicians and feasible for use during clinical encounters. Clinicians indicated a willingness to use the tool in real clinical practice, a significant degree of trust in the system's predictions to assist with treatment selection, and reported that the tool helped increase patient understanding of and trust in treatment. The simulation environment allowed for the evaluation of the tool's impact on the physician-patient interaction. CONCLUSIONS The simulation centre allowed for direct observations of clinician use and impact of the tool on the clinician-patient interaction before clinical studies. It may therefore offer a useful and important environment in the early testing of new technological tools. The present results will inform further tool development and clinician training materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Benrimoh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Aifred Heath Inc., Montreal, Canada; and Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Myriam Tanguay-Sela
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Mehltretter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | - Caitrin Armstrong
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Canada; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordan F Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Ipsit V Vahia
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard University, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gail Myhr
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Ruben Martins
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Colleen Rollins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | - Christina Popescu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Aifred Health Inc., Montreal, Canada
| | - Eryn Lundrigan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Emily Snook
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina Wakid
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Tamara Perez
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc Miresco
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Liliana Gomez Cardona
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
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9
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Hofer E, Roshchupkin GV, Adams HHH, Knol MJ, Lin H, Li S, Zare H, Ahmad S, Armstrong NJ, Satizabal CL, Bernard M, Bis JC, Gillespie NA, Luciano M, Mishra A, Scholz M, Teumer A, Xia R, Jian X, Mosley TH, Saba Y, Pirpamer L, Seiler S, Becker JT, Carmichael O, Rotter JI, Psaty BM, Lopez OL, Amin N, van der Lee SJ, Yang Q, Himali JJ, Maillard P, Beiser AS, DeCarli C, Karama S, Lewis L, Harris M, Bastin ME, Deary IJ, Veronica Witte A, Beyer F, Loeffler M, Mather KA, Schofield PR, Thalamuthu A, Kwok JB, Wright MJ, Ames D, Trollor J, Jiang J, Brodaty H, Wen W, Vernooij MW, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Niessen WJ, Wittfeld K, Bülow R, Völker U, Pausova Z, Bruce Pike G, Maingault S, Crivello F, Tzourio C, Amouyel P, Mazoyer B, Neale MC, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Panizzon MS, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Logue M, Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, Lind PA, Pizzagalli F, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Medland SE, Sachdev PS, Kremen WS, Wardlaw JM, Villringer A, van Duijn CM, Grabe HJ, Longstreth WT, Fornage M, Paus T, Debette S, Ikram MA, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Seshadri S. Genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of cortical structure in general population samples of 22,824 adults. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4796. [PMID: 32963231 PMCID: PMC7508833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical thickness, surface area and volumes vary with age and cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here we report heritability, genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of these cortical measures across the whole cortex, and in 34 anatomically predefined regions. Our discovery sample comprises 22,824 individuals from 20 cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank. We identify genetic heterogeneity between cortical measures and brain regions, and 160 genome-wide significant associations pointing to wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and sonic hedgehog pathways. There is enrichment for genes involved in anthropometric traits, hindbrain development, vascular and neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric conditions. These data are a rich resource for studies of the biological mechanisms behind cortical development and aging. Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Habil Zare
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.,Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Epidemiology and Cognitive Ageing, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Seiler
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sherif Karama
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lindsay Lewis
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mat Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Epidemiology and Cognitive Ageing, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Epidemiology and Cognitive Ageing, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Epidemiology and Cognitive Ageing, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre - The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkvill, VIC, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology and Clinial Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophie Maingault
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénratives UMR5293, CEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénratives UMR5293, CEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.,Pole de santé publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1167, Lille, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Public Health, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénratives UMR5293, CEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,National Center for PTSD at Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medicine-Biomedical Genetics Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Epidemiology and Cognitive Ageing, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - William T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Karama S, Lal S. Tardive dyskinesia following brief exposure to risperidone—a case study. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 19:391-2. [PMID: 15363485 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Shin J, Ma S, Hofer E, Patel Y, Vosberg DE, Tilley S, Roshchupkin GV, Sousa AMM, Jian X, Gottesman R, Mosley TH, Fornage M, Saba Y, Pirpamer L, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Carrion-Castillo A, Crivello F, Mazoyer B, Bis JC, Li S, Yang Q, Luciano M, Karama S, Lewis L, Bastin ME, Harris MA, Wardlaw JM, Deary IE, Scholz M, Loeffler M, Witte AV, Beyer F, Villringer A, Armstrong NJ, Mather KA, Ames D, Jiang J, Kwok JB, Schofield PR, Thalamuthu A, Trollor JN, Wright MJ, Brodaty H, Wen W, Sachdev PS, Terzikhan N, Evans TE, Adams HHHH, Ikram MA, Frenzel S, Auwera-Palitschka SVD, Wittfeld K, Bülow R, Grabe HJ, Tzourio C, Mishra A, Maingault S, Debette S, Gillespie NA, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Ding L, Jahanshad N, Sestan N, Pausova Z, Seshadri S, Paus T. Global and Regional Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Molecular Architecture and Occupational Aptitudes. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4121-4139. [PMID: 32198502 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (n = 23 784) of the first two principal components (PCs) that group together cortical regions with shared variance in their surface area. PC1 (global) captured variations of most regions, whereas PC2 (visual) was specific to the primary and secondary visual cortices. We identified a total of 18 (PC1) and 17 (PC2) independent loci, which were replicated in another 25 746 individuals. The loci of the global PC1 included those associated previously with intracranial volume and/or general cognitive function, such as MAPT and IGF2BP1. The loci of the visual PC2 included DAAM1, a key player in the planar-cell-polarity pathway. We then tested associations with occupational aptitudes and, as predicted, found that the global PC1 was associated with General Learning Ability, and the visual PC2 was associated with the Form Perception aptitude. These results suggest that interindividual variations in global and regional development of the human cerebral cortex (and its molecular architecture) cascade-albeit in a very limited manner-to behaviors as complex as the choice of one's occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 0A4 ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4G 1R8 ON, Canada
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510 CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510 CT, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Yash Patel
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4G 1R8 ON, Canada
| | - Daniel E Vosberg
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4G 1R8 ON, Canada
| | - Steven Tilley
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4G 1R8 ON, Canada
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510 CT, USA
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030 Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030 Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Amaia Carrion-Castillo
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101 WA, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lindsay Lewis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian E Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 6150 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, 2031 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 3052 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 2050 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, 2031 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2031 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, 2031 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tavia E Evans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hieab H H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra van der Auwera-Palitschka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.,44German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, 37075, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.,44German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, 37075, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.,44German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, 37075, Germany
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aniket Mishra
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Maingault
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénratives, UMR 5293, CEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Ubordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioural Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284 VA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA, USA.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA, USA.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA, USA.,VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, 92161 CA, USA
| | - Linda Ding
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA, USA
| | | | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510 CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510 CT, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 0A4 ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8 ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8 ON, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA.,55Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, 78229 TX, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4G 1R8 ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3 ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8 ON, Canada
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12
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Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, Lind PA, Pizzagalli F, Ching CRK, McMahon MAB, Shatokhina N, Zsembik LCP, Thomopoulos SI, Zhu AH, Strike LT, Agartz I, Alhusaini S, Almeida MAA, Alnæs D, Amlien IK, Andersson M, Ard T, Armstrong NJ, Ashley-Koch A, Atkins JR, Bernard M, Brouwer RM, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Bürger C, Cannon DM, Chakravarty M, Chen Q, Cheung JW, Couvy-Duchesne B, Dale AM, Dalvie S, de Araujo TK, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, den Braber A, Doan NT, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Engelbrecht HR, Erk S, Fan CC, Fedko IO, Foley SF, Ford JM, Fukunaga M, Garrett ME, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Green MJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gurholt TP, Gutman BA, Hansell NK, Harris MA, Harrison MB, Haswell CC, Hauser M, Herms S, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho NF, Hoehn D, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hoogman M, Hottenga JJ, Ikeda M, Janowitz D, Jansen IE, Jia T, Jockwitz C, Kanai R, Karama S, Kasperaviciute D, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Klein M, Knapp M, Knodt AR, Krämer B, Lam M, Lancaster TM, Lee PH, Lett TA, Lewis LB, Lopes-Cendes I, Luciano M, Macciardi F, Marquand AF, Mathias SR, Melzer TR, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Moreira JCV, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Najt P, Nakahara S, Nho K, Loohuis LMO, Orfanos DP, Pearson JF, Pitcher TL, Pütz B, Quidé Y, Ragothaman A, Rashid FM, Reay WR, Redlich R, Reinbold CS, Repple J, Richard G, Riede BC, Risacher SL, Rocha CS, Mota NR, Salminen L, Saremi A, Saykin AJ, Schlag F, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Secolin R, Shapland CY, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sønderby IE, Sprooten E, Tansey KE, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, Vallerga CL, van derMeer D, van Donkelaar MMJ, van Eijk L, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van Rooij D, van Tol MJ, Veldink JH, Verhoef E, Walton E, Wang M, Wang Y, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Witt SH, Wittfeld K, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Wu JQ, Yasuda CL, Zaremba D, Zhang Z, Zwiers MP, Artiges E, Assareh AA, Ayesa-Arriola R, Belger A, Brandt CL, Brown GG, Cichon S, Curran JE, Davies GE, Degenhardt F, Dennis MF, Dietsche B, Djurovic S, Doherty CP, Espiritu R, Garijo D, Gil Y, Gowland PA, Green RC, Häusler AN, Heindel W, Ho BC, Hoffmann WU, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Jack CR, Jang M, Jansen A, Kimbrel NA, Kolskår K, Koops S, Krug A, Lim KO, Luykx JJ, Mathalon DH, Mather KA, Mattay VS, Matthews S, Van Son JM, McEwen SC, Melle I, Morris DW, Mueller BA, Nauck M, Nordvik JE, Nöthen MM, O’Leary DS, Opel N, Martinot MLP, Pike GB, Preda A, Quinlan EB, Rasser PE, Ratnakar V, Reppermund S, Steen VM, Tooney PA, Torres FR, Veltman DJ, Voyvodic JT, Whelan R, White T, Yamamori H, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Debette S, Decarli C, Fornage M, Gudnason V, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Launer L, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Mazoyer B, Mosley TH, Roshchupkin GV, Satizabal CL, Schmidt R, Seshadri S, Yang Q, Alvim MKM, Ames D, Anderson TJ, Andreassen OA, Arias-Vasquez A, Bastin ME, Baune BT, Beckham JC, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bustillo JR, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calhoun V, Carr VJ, Caseras X, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Cendes F, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dannlowski U, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Delanty N, Depondt C, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Espeseth T, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Flor H, Forstner AJ, Francks C, Franke B, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Håberg AK, Hariri AR, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Heinz A, Henskens FA, Hillegers MHJ, Hoekstra PJ, Holmes AJ, Hong LE, Hopkins WD, Pol HEH, Jernigan TL, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy MA, Kircher TTJ, Kochunov P, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Loughland CM, Martin NG, Martinot JL, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Michie PT, Morey RA, Mowry B, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pantelis C, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Polderman TJC, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Rowland LM, Sachdev PS, Sämann PG, Schall U, Schumann G, Scott RJ, Sim K, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, Sommer IE, St Pourcain B, Stein DJ, Toga AW, Trollor JN, Van der Wee NJA, van ‘t Ent D, Völzke H, Walter H, Weber B, Weinberger DR, Wright MJ, Zhou J, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Medland SE. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science 2020; 367:eaay6690. [PMID: 32193296 PMCID: PMC7295264 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie N. Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Agnes B. McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leo C. P. Zsembik
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Neurology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcio A. A. Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tyler Ard
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua R. Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth E. L. Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua W. Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tânia K. de Araujo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sonya F. Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Judith M. Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Harris
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc B. Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - New Fei Ho
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris E. Jansen
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Public Psychiatry Division, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay B. Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose C. V. Moreira
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- IC-Institute of Computing, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pablo Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Soichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni L. Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faisal M. Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William R. Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Brandalyn C. Riede
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Rocha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nina R. Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lauren Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Neuroscience & Developmental Neuroimaging, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, East York, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katherine E. Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Costanza L. Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis van derMeer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liza van Eijk
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clarissa L. Yasuda
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Zaremba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine L. Brandt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin P. Doherty
- Department of Neurology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, TBSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan Espiritu
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Garijo
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gil
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Häusler
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wolfgang U. Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - MiHyun Jang
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Unit Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Knut Kolskår
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116d, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Matthews
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaqueline Mayoral Van Son
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Sarah C. McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel S. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian Preda
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erin B. Quinlan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Varun Ratnakar
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio R. Torres
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Decarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gennady V. Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina K. M. Alvim
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham, VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando Cendes
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, IBiS, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frans A. Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmel M. Loughland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tinca J. C. Polderman
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, ChalfontSt-Peter, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Biological Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Román FJ, Jaeggi SM, Martínez K, Privado J, Lewis LB, Chen CH, Escorial S, Kremen WS, Karama S, Colom R. Cortical surface area variations within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are better predictors of future cognitive performance than fluid ability and working memory. Psicothema 2019; 31:229-238. [PMID: 31292036 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2019.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Are cognitive and biological variables useful for predicting future behavioral outcomes? METHOD In two independent groups, we measured a set of cognitive (fluid and crystallized intelligence, working memory, and attention control) and biological (cortical thickness and cortical surface area) variables on two occasions separated by six months, to predict behavioral outcomes of interest (performance on an adaptive version of the n-back task) measured twelve and eighteen months later. We followed three stages: discovery, validation, and generalization. In the discovery stage, cognitive/biological variables and the behavioral outcome of interest were assessed in a group of individuals (in-sample). In the validation stage, the cognitive and biological variables were related with a parallel version of the behavioral outcome assessed several months later. In the generalization stage, the validation findings were tested in an independent group of individuals (out-of-sample). RESULTS The key finding revealed that cortical surface area variations within the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predict the behavioral outcome of interest in both groups, whereas the cognitive variables failed to show reliable predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in biological variables might predict future behavioral outcomes better than cognitive variables concurrently correlated with these behavioral outcomes.
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Estrada E, Ferrer E, Román FJ, Karama S, Colom R. Time-lagged associations between cognitive and cortical development from childhood to early adulthood. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:1338-1352. [PMID: 30829509 PMCID: PMC6533129 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Throughout childhood and adolescence, humans experience marked changes in cortical structure and cognitive ability. Cortical thickness and surface area, in particular, have been associated with cognitive ability. Here we ask the question: What are the time-related associations between cognitive changes and cortical structure maturation. Identifying a developmental sequence requires multiple measurements of these variables from the same individuals across time. This allows capturing relations among the variables and, thus, finding whether (a) developmental cognitive changes follow cortical structure maturation, (b) cortical structure maturation follows cognitive changes, or (c) both processes influence each other over time. Four hundred and thiry children and adolescents (age range = 6.01-22.28 years) completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence battery and were MRI scanned at 3 time points separated by ≈2 years (Mage T1 = 10.60, SD = 3.58; Mage T2 = 12.63, SD = 3.62; Mage T3 = 14.49, SD = 3.55). Latent change score models were applied to quantify age-related relationships among the variables of interest. Our results indicate that cortical and cognitive changes related to each other reciprocally. Specifically, the magnitude or rate of the change in each variable at any occasion-and not the previous level-was predictive of later changes. These results were replicated for brain regions selected according to the coordinates identified in the Basten et al.'s (2015) meta-analysis, to the parieto-frontal integration theory (Jung & Haier, 2007) and to the whole cortex. Potential implications regarding brain plasticity and cognitive enhancement are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Ferrer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Roberto Colom
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Farooqi N, Scotti M, Lew J, Botteron KN, Karama S, McCracken JT, Nguyen TV. Role of DHEA and cortisol in prefrontal-amygdalar development and working memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:86-94. [PMID: 30121549 PMCID: PMC6204313 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol play an important role in regulating physical maturation and brain development. High DHEA levels tend to be associated with neuroprotective and indirect anabolic effects, while high cortisol levels tend to be associated with catabolic and neurotoxic properties. Previous literature has linked the ratio between DHEA and cortisol levels (DC ratio) to disorders of attention, emotional regulation and conduct, but little is known as to the relationship between this ratio and brain development. Due to the extensive links between the amygdala and the cortex as well as the known amygdalar involvement in emotional regulation, we examined associations between DC ratio, structural covariance of the amygdala with whole-brain cortical thickness, and validated report-based measures of attention, working memory, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in a longitudinal sample of typically developing children and adolescents 6-22 years of age. We found that DC ratio predicted covariance between amygdalar volume and the medial anterior cingulate cortex, particularly in the right hemisphere. DC ratio had a significant indirect effect on working memory through its impact on prefrontal-amygdalar covariance, with higher DC ratios associated with a prefrontal-amygdalar covariance pattern predictive of higher scores on a measure of working memory. Taken together, these findings support the notion, as suggested by animal and in vitro studies, that there are opposing effects of DHEA and cortisol on brain development in humans, and that these effects may especially target prefrontal-amygdalar development and working memory, in a lateralized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Farooqi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Martina Scotti
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Jimin Lew
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110,Brain Development Cooperative Group
| | - Sherif Karama
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1,McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B4,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4H 1R3
| | - James T McCracken
- Brain Development Cooperative Group,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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16
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Sengupta SM, Fotopoulos N, Devenyi GA, Fortier MÈ, Ter-Stepanian M, Sagliker S, Karama S, Mallar Chakravarty M, Labbe A, Grizenko N, Joober R. Dissecting genetic cross-talk between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders: Evidence from behavioural, pharmacological and brain imaging investigations. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:652-657. [PMID: 30216917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and genetic studies have provided evidence of an overlap between neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the details of the etiological pathways remain to be elucidated. In this study, we garnered the findings of previous GWAS, conducted with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We conducted an exploratory study to examine the association between these SNPs and quantitative clinical/ behavioural/ cognitive/ structural brain parameters, as well as response to treatment with a fixed dose of methylphenidate, in a relatively large sample of children with ADHD. Family-based association tests were conducted with nine tag SNPs with 602 nuclear families. In addition, structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was conducted in a subset of children with ADHD (n = 76). Of the 9 tag SNPs examined, rs1602565 showed a significant association with ADHD, several dimensional measures and response to treatment. An association was also observed between rs1006737 (CACNA1C) and performance IQ. In addition, significant reductions in cortical thickness measurements were observed with the risk allele in rs1006737. These results provide preliminary evidence for putative shared genetic vulnerability between childhood ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini M Sengupta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nellie Fotopoulos
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Fortier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marina Ter-Stepanian
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Départment de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Saba Sagliker
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
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17
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Alhusaini S, Karama S, Nguyen T, Thiel A, Bernhardt BC, Cox SR, Corley J, Taylor A, Evans AC, Star JM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ, Ducharme S. Association between carotid atheroma and cerebral cortex structure at age 73 years. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:576-587. [PMID: 30179274 PMCID: PMC6328248 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral cortical thickness and investigate whether cortical thickness mediates the association between carotid atheroma and relative cognitive decline. METHODS We assessed 554 community-dwelling subjects (male/female: 296/258) from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and carotid Doppler ultrasound studies at age 73 years. The relationship between carotid atherosclerosis markers (internal carotid artery stenosis, intima-media thickness, velocity, pulsatility, and resistivity indexes) and vertex-wide cerebral cortical thickness was examined cross-sectionally, controlling for gender, extensive vascular risk factors (VRFs), and intelligence quotient at age 11 (IQ-11). We also determined the association between carotid stenosis and a composite measure of fluid intelligence at age 73 years. A mediation model was applied to examine whether cortical thickness mediated the relationship between carotid stenosis and cognitive function. RESULTS A widespread negative association was identified between carotid stenosis (median = 15%) and cerebral cortical thickness at age 73 years, independent of the side of carotid stenosis, other carotid measures, VRFs, and IQ-11. This association increased in an almost dose-response relationship from mild to severe degrees of carotid stenosis, across the anterior and posterior circulation territories. A negative association was also noted between carotid stenosis and fluid intelligence (standardized beta coefficient = -0.151, p = 0.001), which appeared partly (approximately 22%) mediated by carotid stenosis-related thinning of the cerebral cortex. INTERPRETATION The findings suggest that carotid stenosis represents a marker of processes that accelerate aging of the cerebral cortex and cognition that is in part independent of measurable VRFs. Cortical thinning within the anterior and posterior circulation territories partially mediated the relationship between carotid atheroma and fluid intelligence. Ann Neurol 2018;84:576-587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Tuong‐Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Obstetrics–Gynecology, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of NeurologyJewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Boris C. Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Adele Taylor
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan C. Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - John M. Star
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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18
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Román FJ, Morillo D, Estrada E, Escorial S, Karama S, Colom R. Brain-intelligence relationships across childhood and adolescence: A latent-variable approach. Intelligence 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Lewis GJ, Dickie DA, Cox SR, Karama S, Evans AC, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Widespread associations between trait conscientiousness and thickness of brain cortical regions. Neuroimage 2018; 176:22-28. [PMID: 29665419 PMCID: PMC5986708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of human personality have been of longstanding interest; however, most studies in the field have relied on modest sample sizes and few replicable results have been reported to date. We investigated relationships between personality and brain gray matter in a sample of generally healthy, older (mean age 73 years) adults from Scotland drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Participants (N = 578) completed a brain MRI scan and self-reported Big Five personality trait measures. Conscientiousness trait scores were positively related to brain cortical thickness in a range of regions, including bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These associations - most notably in frontal regions - were modestly-to-moderately attenuated by the inclusion of biomarker variables assessing allostatic load and smoking status. None of the other personality traits showed robust associations with brain cortical thickness, nor did we observe any personality trait associations with cortical surface area and gray matter volume. These findings indicate that brain cortical thickness is associated with conscientiousness, perhaps partly accounted for by allostatic load and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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20
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MacPherson SE, Cox SR, Dickie DA, Karama S, Starr JM, Evans AC, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults. Cortex 2017; 95:92-103. [PMID: 28865241 PMCID: PMC5637162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT-B) is widely used as a quick and easy to administer measure of executive dysfunction. The current study investigated the relationships between TMT-B performance, brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter water diffusion characteristics in a large sample of older participants, before and after controlling for processing speed. Four hundred and eleven healthy, community-dwelling older adults who were all born in 1936 were assessed on TMT-B, 5 tests of processing speed, and provided contemporaneous structural and diffusion MRI data. Significant relationships were found between slower TMT-B completion times and thinner cortex in the frontal, temporal and inferior parietal regions as well as the Sylvian fissure/insula. Slower TMT-B completion time was also significantly associated with poorer white matter microstructure of the left anterior thalamic radiation, and the right uncinate fasciculus. The majority of these associations were markedly attenuated when additionally controlling for processing speed. These data suggest that individual differences in processing speed contribute to the associations between TMT-B completion time and the grey and white matter structure of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E MacPherson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Dickie
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan C Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Karama S. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CHILDHOOD COGNITIVE ABILITY AND BRAIN CORTICAL THICKNESS IN OLD AGE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Karama
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Román FJ, Iturria-Medina Y, Martínez K, Karama S, Burgaleta M, Evans AC, Jaeggi SM, Colom R. Enhanced structural connectivity within a brain sub-network supporting working memory and engagement processes after cognitive training. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:33-43. [PMID: 28323202 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structural connectome provides relevant information about experience and training-related changes in the brain. Here, we used network-based statistics (NBS) and graph theoretical analyses to study structural changes in the brain as a function of cognitive training. Fifty-six young women were divided in two groups (experimental and control). We assessed their cognitive function before and after completing a working memory intervention using a comprehensive battery that included fluid and crystallized abilities, working memory and attention control, and we also obtained structural MRI images. We acquired and analyzed diffusion-weighted images to reconstruct the anatomical connectome and we computed standardized changes in connectivity as well as group differences across time using NBS. We also compared group differences relying on a variety of graph-theory indices (clustering, characteristic path length, global and local efficiency and strength) for the whole network as well as for the sub-network derived from NBS analyses. Finally, we calculated correlations between these graph indices and training performance as well as the behavioral changes in cognitive function. Our results revealed enhanced connectivity for the training group within one specific network comprised of nodes/regions supporting cognitive processes required by the training (working memory, interference resolution, inhibition, and task engagement). Significant group differences were also observed for strength and global efficiency indices in the sub-network detected by NBS. Therefore, the connectome approach is a valuable method for tracking the effects of cognitive training interventions across specific sub-networks. Moreover, this approach allowsfor the computation of graph theoretical network metricstoquantifythetopological architecture of the brain networkdetected. The observed structural brain changes support the behavioral results reported earlier (see Colom, Román, et al., 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Román
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
| | | | - Kenia Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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23
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Luciano M, Corley J, Cox SR, Valdés Hernández MC, Craig LCA, Dickie DA, Karama S, McNeill GM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a Scottish cohort. Neurology 2017; 88:449-455. [PMID: 28053008 PMCID: PMC5278943 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the association between Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) and change in brain MRI volumetric measures and mean cortical thickness across a 3-year period in older age (73–76 years). Methods: We focused on 2 longitudinal brain volumes (total and gray matter; n = 401 and 398, respectively) plus a longitudinal measurement of cortical thickness (n = 323), for which the previous cross-sectional evidence of an association with the MeDi was strongest. Adherence to the MeDi was calculated from data gathered from a food frequency questionnaire at age 70, 3 years prior to the baseline imaging data collection. Results: In regression models adjusting for relevant demographic and physical health indicators, we found that lower adherence to the MeDi was associated with greater 3-year reduction in total brain volume (explaining 0.5% of variance, p < 0.05). This effect was half the size of the largest covariate effect (i.e., age). Cross-sectional associations between MeDi and baseline MRI measures in 562 participants were not significant. Targeted analyses of meat and fish consumption did not replicate previous associations with total brain volume or total gray matter volume. Conclusions: Lower adherence to the MeDi in an older Scottish cohort is predictive of total brain atrophy over a 3-year interval. Fish and meat consumption does not drive this change, suggesting that other components of the MeDi or, possibly, all of its components in combination are responsible for the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Luciano
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada.
| | - Janie Corley
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Simon R Cox
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Leone C A Craig
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Geraldine M McNeill
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Mark E Bastin
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Ian J Deary
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
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Abstract
Sex steroids are thought to play a critical developmental role in shaping both cortical and subcortical structures in the human brain. Periods of profound changes in sex steroids invariably coincide with the onset of sex differences in mental health vulnerability, highlighting the importance of sex steroids in determining sexual differentiation of the brain. Yet, most of the evidence for the central effects of sex steroids relies on non-human studies, as several challenges have limited our understanding of these effects in humans: the lack of systematic assessment of the human sex steroid metabolome, the different developmental trajectories of specific sex steroids, the impact of genetic variation and epigenetic changes, and the plethora of interactions between sex steroids, sex chromosomes, neurotransmitters, and other hormonal systems. Here we review how multimodal strategies may be employed to bridge the gap between the basic and clinical understanding of sex steroid-related changes in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
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25
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Evans AC, Karama S, Vasung L, Iturria-Medina Y. Understanding brain development: a major step. Lancet Neurol 2016; 16:178-179. [PMID: 27692495 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada.
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Lana Vasung
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Cox SR, Dickie DA, Ritchie SJ, Karama S, Pattie A, Royle NA, Corley J, Aribisala BS, Valdés Hernández M, Muñoz Maniega S, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Evans AC, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Associations between education and brain structure at age 73 years, adjusted for age 11 IQ. Neurology 2016; 87:1820-1826. [PMID: 27664981 PMCID: PMC5089529 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate how associations between education and brain structure in older age were affected by adjusting for IQ measured at age 11. Methods: We analyzed years of full-time education and measures from an MRI brain scan at age 73 in 617 community-dwelling adults born in 1936. In addition to average and vertex-wise cortical thickness, we measured total brain atrophy and white matter tract fractional anisotropy. Associations between brain structure and education were tested, covarying for sex and vascular health; a second model also covaried for age 11 IQ. Results: The significant relationship between education and average cortical thickness (β = 0.124, p = 0.004) was reduced by 23% when age 11 IQ was included (β = 0.096, p = 0.041). Initial associations between longer education and greater vertex-wise cortical thickness were significant in bilateral temporal, medial-frontal, parietal, sensory, and motor cortices. Accounting for childhood intelligence reduced the number of significant vertices by >90%; only bilateral anterior temporal associations remained. Neither education nor age 11 IQ was significantly associated with total brain atrophy or tract-averaged fractional anisotropy. Conclusions: The association between years of education and brain structure ≈60 years later was restricted to cortical thickness in this sample; however, the previously reported associations between longer education and a thicker cortex are likely to be overestimates in terms of both magnitude and distribution. This finding has implications for understanding, and possibly ameliorating, life-course brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Cox
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sherif Karama
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alison Pattie
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Natalie A Royle
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Janie Corley
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - John M Starr
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mark E Bastin
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alan C Evans
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ian J Deary
- From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., J.M.S., M.E.B., J.M.W., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (S.R.C., S.J.R., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D.,N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), University of Edinburgh; Scottish Imaging Network (S.R.C., D.A.D., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (S.K., A.C.E.), McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Computer Science (B.S.A.), Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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Khundrakpam BS, Lewis JD, Reid A, Karama S, Zhao L, Chouinard-Decorte F, Evans AC. Imaging structural covariance in the development of intelligence. Neuroimage 2016; 144:227-240. [PMID: 27554529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal and non-verbal intelligence in children is highly correlated, and thus, it has been difficult to differentiate their neural substrates. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that verbal and non-verbal intelligence can be dissociated and focal cortical regions corresponding to each have been demonstrated. However, the pattern of structural covariance corresponding to verbal and non-verbal intelligence remains unexplored. In this study, we used 586 longitudinal anatomical MRI scans of subjects aged 6-18 years, who had concurrent intelligence quotient (IQ) testing on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Structural covariance networks (SCNs) were constructed using interregional correlations in cortical thickness for low-IQ (Performance IQ=100±8, Verbal IQ=100±7) and high-IQ (PIQ=121±8, VIQ=120±9) groups. From low- to high-VIQ group, we observed constrained patterns of anatomical coupling among cortical regions, complemented by observations of higher global efficiency and modularity, and lower local efficiency in high-VIQ group, suggesting a shift towards a more optimal topological organization. Analysis of nodal topological properties (regional efficiency and participation coefficient) revealed greater involvement of left-hemispheric language related regions including inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri for high-VIQ group. From low- to high-PIQ group, we did not observe significant differences in anatomical coupling patterns, global and nodal topological properties. Our findings indicate that people with higher verbal intelligence have structural brain differences from people with lower verbal intelligence - not only in localized cortical regions, but also in the patterns of anatomical coupling among widely distributed cortical regions, possibly resulting to a system-level reorganization that might lead to a more efficient organization in high-VIQ group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew Reid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lu Zhao
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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28
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Vasung L, Lepage C, Radoš M, Pletikos M, Goldman JS, Richiardi J, Raguž M, Fischi-Gómez E, Karama S, Huppi PS, Evans AC, Kostovic I. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Transient Fetal Compartments during Prenatal Human Brain Development. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:11. [PMID: 26941612 PMCID: PMC4764715 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral wall of the human fetal brain is composed of transient cellular compartments, which show characteristic spatiotemporal relationships with intensity of major neurogenic events (cell proliferation, migration, axonal growth, dendritic differentiation, synaptogenesis, cell death, and myelination). The aim of the present study was to obtain new quantitative data describing volume, surface area, and thickness of transient compartments in the human fetal cerebrum. Forty-four postmortem fetal brains aged 13–40 postconceptional weeks (PCW) were included in this study. High-resolution T1 weighted MR images were acquired on 19 fetal brain hemispheres. MR images were processed using in-house software (MNI-ACE toolbox). Delineation of fetal compartments was performed semi-automatically by co-registration of MRI with histological sections of the same brains, or with the age-matched brains from Zagreb Neuroembryological Collection. Growth trajectories of transient fetal compartments were reconstructed. The composition of telencephalic wall was quantitatively assessed. Between 13 and 25 PCW, when the intensity of neuronal proliferation decreases drastically, the relative volume of proliferative (ventricular and subventricular) compartments showed pronounced decline. In contrast, synapse- and extracellular matrix-rich subplate compartment continued to grow during the first two trimesters, occupying up to 45% of telencephalon and reaching its maximum volume and thickness around 30 PCW. This developmental maximum coincides with a period of intensive growth of long cortico-cortical fibers, which enter and wait in subplate before approaching the cortical plate. Although we did not find significant age related changes in mean thickness of the cortical plate, the volume, gyrification index, and surface area of the cortical plate continued to exponentially grow during the last phases of prenatal development. This cortical expansion coincides developmentally with the transformation of embryonic cortical columns, dendritic differentiation, and ingrowth of axons. These results provide a quantitative description of transient human fetal brain compartments observable with MRI. Moreover, they will improve understanding of structural-functional relationships during brain development, will enable correlation between in vitro/in vivo imaging and fine structural histological studies, and will serve as a reference for study of perinatal brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vasung
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Lepage
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics, McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Milan Radoš
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihovil Pletikos
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia; Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer S Goldman
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics, McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marina Raguž
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elda Fischi-Gómez
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sherif Karama
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics, McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Petra S Huppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alan C Evans
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics, McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivica Kostovic
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
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Román FJ, Lewis LB, Chen CH, Karama S, Burgaleta M, Martínez K, Lepage C, Jaeggi SM, Evans AC, Kremen WS, Colom R. Gray matter responsiveness to adaptive working memory training: a surface-based morphometry study. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4369-4382. [PMID: 26701168 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we analyze gray matter indices before and after completing a challenging adaptive cognitive training program based on the n-back task. The considered gray matter indices were cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA). Twenty-eight young women (age range 17-22 years) completed 24 training sessions over the course of 3 months (12 weeks, 24 sessions), showing expected performance improvements. CT and CSA values for the training group were compared with those of a matched control group. Statistical analyses were computed using a ROI framework defined by brain areas distinguished by their genetic underpinning. The interaction between group and time was analyzed. Middle temporal, ventral frontal, inferior parietal cortices, and pars opercularis were the regions where the training group showed conservation of gray matter with respect to the control group. These regions support working memory, resistance to interference, and inhibition. Furthermore, an interaction with baseline intelligence differences showed that the expected decreasing trend at the biological level for individuals showing relatively low intelligence levels at baseline was attenuated by the completed training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay B Lewis
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Kenia Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Lepage
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Roberto Colom
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Dickie DA, Karama S, Ritchie SJ, Cox SR, Sakka E, Royle NA, Aribisala BS, Hernández MV, Maniega SM, Pattie A, Corley J, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Evans AC, Deary IJ, Wardlaw JM. Progression of White Matter Disease and Cortical Thinning Are Not Related in Older Community-Dwelling Subjects. Stroke 2015; 47:410-6. [PMID: 26696646 PMCID: PMC5633325 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose— We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between whole brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and regional cortical thickness. Methods— We measured WMH volume and regional cortical thickness on magnetic resonance imaging at ≈73 and ≈76 years in 351 community-dwelling subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. We used multiple linear regression to calculate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between regional cortical thickness and WMH volume controlling for age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination, education, intelligence quotient at age 11, and vascular risk factors. Results— We found cross-sectional associations between WMH volume and cortical thickness within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure at 73 and 76 years (rho=−0.276, Q=0.004). However, we found no significant longitudinal associations between (1) baseline WMH volume and change in cortical thickness; (2) baseline cortical thickness and change in WMH volume; or (3) change in WMH volume and change in cortical thickness. Conclusions— Our results show that WMH volume and cortical thinning both worsen with age and are associated cross-sectionally within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure. However, changes in WMH volume and cortical thinning from 73 to 76 years are not associated longitudinally in these relatively healthy older subjects. The underlying cause(s) of WMH growth and cortical thinning have yet to be fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Dickie
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Sherif Karama
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Simon R Cox
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Eleni Sakka
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Natalie A Royle
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Alison Pattie
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Janie Corley
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - John M Starr
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Mark E Bastin
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Alan C Evans
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Ian J Deary
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.)
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- From the Brain Research Imaging Centre (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (S.J.R., S.R.C., A.P., J.C., I.J.D.), and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (S.J.R., S.R.C., J.M.S., M.E.B., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre (J.M.S.), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration (D.A.D., E.S., N.A.R., B.S.A., M.V.H., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada (S.K., A.C.E.); and Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada (S.K.).
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Zhao L, Guan M, Zhu X, Karama S, Khundrakpam B, Wang M, Dong M, Qin W, Tian J, Evans AC, Shi D. Aberrant Topological Patterns of Structural Cortical Networks in Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:675. [PMID: 26733849 PMCID: PMC4683194 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sexual arousal (SA) has been known as a multidimensional experience involving closely interrelated and coordinated neurobehavioral components that rely on widespread brain regions. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have shown relation between abnormal/altered dynamics in these circuits and male sexual dysfunction. However, alterations in the topological organization of structural brain networks in male sexual dysfunction are still unclear. Here, we used graph theory to investigate the topological properties of large-scale structural brain networks, which were constructed using inter-regional correlations of cortical thickness between 78 cortical regions in 40 patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED) and 39 normal controls. Compared with normal controls, pED patients exhibited a less optimal global topological organization with reduced global and increased local efficiencies. Our results suggest disrupted neural integration among distant brain regions in pED patients, consistent with previous reports of impaired white matter structure and abnormal functional integrity in pED. Additionally, disrupted global network topology in pED was observed to be primarily relevant to altered subnetwork and nodal properties within the networks mediating the cognitive, motivational and inhibitory processes of male SA, possibly indicating disrupted integration of these networks in the whole brain networks and might account for pED patients' abnormal cognitive, motivational and inhibitory processes for male SA. In total, our findings provide evidence for disrupted integrity in large-scale brain networks underlying the neurobehavioral processes of male SA in pED and provide new insights into the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Min Guan
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Budhachandra Khundrakpam
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'Dian University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'Dian University Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'Dian UniversityXi'an, China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dapeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, China
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Ducharme S, Albaugh MD, Nguyen TV, Hudziak JJ, Mateos-Pérez JM, Labbe A, Evans AC, Karama S. Trajectories of cortical surface area and cortical volume maturation in normal brain development. Data Brief 2015; 5:929-38. [PMID: 26702424 PMCID: PMC4669480 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a report of developmental trajectories of cortical surface area and cortical volume in the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development. The quality-controlled sample included 384 individual typically-developing subjects with repeated scanning (1–3 per subject, total scans n=753) from 4.9 to 22.3 years of age. The best-fit model (cubic, quadratic, or first-order linear) was identified at each vertex using mixed-effects models, with statistical correction for multiple comparisons using random field theory. Analyses were performed with and without controlling for total brain volume. These data are provided for reference and comparison with other databases. Further discussion and interpretation on cortical developmental trajectories can be found in the associated Ducharme et al.׳s article “Trajectories of cortical thickness maturation in normal brain development – the importance of quality control procedures” (Ducharme et al., 2015) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4 ; McGill University Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Vermont Centre for Children, Youth and Families, Fletcher Allen Pediatric Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold, Level 3, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- McGill University Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1 ; McGill University Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - James J Hudziak
- Vermont Centre for Children, Youth and Families, Fletcher Allen Pediatric Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold, Level 3, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J M Mateos-Pérez
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H 1R3 ; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4 ; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H 1R3
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Ducharme S, Albaugh MD, Nguyen TV, Hudziak JJ, Mateos-Pérez JM, Labbe A, Evans AC, Karama S. Trajectories of cortical thickness maturation in normal brain development--The importance of quality control procedures. Neuroimage 2015; 125:267-279. [PMID: 26463175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described cortical thickness (CTh) developmental trajectories, with conflicting results. Some studies have reported inverted-U shape curves with peaks of CTh in late childhood to adolescence, while others suggested predominant monotonic decline after age 6. In this study, we reviewed CTh developmental trajectories in the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development, and in a second step, evaluated the impact of post-processing quality control (QC) procedures on identified trajectories. The quality-controlled sample included 384 individual subjects with repeated scanning (1-3 per subject, total scans n=753) from 4.9 to 22.3years of age. The best-fit model (cubic, quadratic, or first-order linear) was identified at each vertex using mixed-effects models. The majority of brain regions showed linear monotonic decline of CTh. There were few areas of cubic trajectories, mostly in bilateral temporo-parietal areas and the right prefrontal cortex, in which CTh peaks were at, or prior to, age 8. When controlling for total brain volume, CTh trajectories were even more uniformly linear. The only sex difference was faster thinning of occipital areas in boys compared to girls. The best-fit model for whole brain mean thickness was a monotonic decline of 0.027mm per year. QC procedures had a significant impact on identified trajectories, with a clear shift toward more complex trajectories (i.e., quadratic or cubic) when including all scans without QC (n=954). Trajectories were almost exclusively linear when using only scans that passed the most stringent QC (n=598). The impact of QC probably relates to decreasing the inclusion of scans with CTh underestimation secondary to movement artifacts, which are more common in younger subjects. In summary, our results suggest that CTh follows a simple linear decline in most cortical areas by age 5, and all areas by age 8. This study further supports the crucial importance of implementing post-processing QC in CTh studies of development, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; McGill University Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Vermont Centre for Children, Youth and Families, Fletcher Allen Pediatric Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold, Level 3, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- McGill University Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada; McGill University Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - James J Hudziak
- Vermont Centre for Children, Youth and Families, Fletcher Allen Pediatric Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold, Level 3, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - J M Mateos-Pérez
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Zhao L, Guan M, Zhang X, Karama S, Khundrakpam B, Wang M, Dong M, Qin W, Tian J, Evans AC, Shi D. Structural insights into aberrant cortical morphometry and network organization in psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4469-82. [PMID: 26264575 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain dynamics of male sexual arousal (SA) in psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED). However, the neuroanatomical correlates of pED are still unclear. In this work, we obtained cortical thickness (CTh) measurements from structural magnetic resonance images of 40 pED patients and 39 healthy control subjects. Abnormalities in CTh related to pED were explored using a scale space search based brain morphometric analysis. Organizations of brain structural covariance networks were analyzed as well. Compared with healthy men, pED patients showed significantly decreased CTh in widespread cortical regions, most of which were previously reported to show abnormal dynamics of male SA in pED, such as the medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate, inferotemporal, and insular cortices. CTh reductions in these areas were found to be significantly correlated with male sexual functioning degradation. Moreover, pED patients showed decreased interregional CTh correlations from the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex to the right supramarginal gyrus and the left angular cortex, implying disassociations between the cognitive, motivational, and inhibitory networks of male SA in pED. This work provides structural insights on the complex phenomenon of psychogenic sexual dysfunction in men, and suggests a specific vulnerability factor, possibly as an extra "organic" factor, that may play an important role in pED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Min Guan
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Budhachandra Khundrakpam
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Minghao Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'dian University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'dian University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'dian University, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dapeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
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Ritchie SJ, Booth T, Valdés Hernández MDC, Corley J, Maniega SM, Gow AJ, Royle NA, Pattie A, Karama S, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Beyond a bigger brain: Multivariable structural brain imaging and intelligence. Intelligence 2015; 51:47-56. [PMID: 26240470 PMCID: PMC4518535 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
People with larger brains tend to score higher on tests of general intelligence (g). It is unclear, however, how much variance in intelligence other brain measurements would account for if included together with brain volume in a multivariable model. We examined a large sample of individuals in their seventies (n = 672) who were administered a comprehensive cognitive test battery. Using structural equation modelling, we related six common magnetic resonance imaging-derived brain variables that represent normal and abnormal features-brain volume, cortical thickness, white matter structure, white matter hyperintensity load, iron deposits, and microbleeds-to g and to fluid intelligence. As expected, brain volume accounted for the largest portion of variance (~ 12%, depending on modelling choices). Adding the additional variables, especially cortical thickness (+~ 5%) and white matter hyperintensity load (+~ 2%), increased the predictive value of the model. Depending on modelling choices, all neuroimaging variables together accounted for 18-21% of the variance in intelligence. These results reveal which structural brain imaging measures relate to g over and above the largest contributor, total brain volume. They raise questions regarding which other neuroimaging measures might account for even more of the variance in intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Booth
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria del C. Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), United Kingdom
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sherif Karama
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Karama S, Ducharme S, Corley J, Chouinard-Decorte F, Starr JM, Wardlaw JM, Bastin ME, Deary IJ. Cigarette smoking and thinning of the brain's cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:778-85. [PMID: 25666755 PMCID: PMC4430302 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but the extent of the association between smoking and structural brain changes remains unclear. Importantly, it is unknown whether smoking-related brain changes are reversible after smoking cessation. We analyzed data on 504 subjects with recall of lifetime smoking data and a structural brain magnetic resonance imaging at age 73 years from which measures of cortical thickness were extracted. Multiple regression analyses were performed controlling for gender and exact age at scanning. To determine dose-response relationships, the association between smoking pack-years and cortical thickness was tested and then repeated, while controlling for a comprehensive list of covariates including, among others, cognitive ability before starting smoking. Further, we tested associations between cortical thickness and number of years since last cigarette, while controlling for lifetime smoking. There was a diffuse dose-dependent negative association between smoking and cortical thickness. Some negative dose-dependent cortical associations persisted after controlling for all covariates. Accounting for total amount of lifetime smoking, the cortex of subjects who stopped smoking seems to have partially recovered for each year without smoking. However, it took ~25 years for complete cortical recovery in affected areas for those at the mean pack-years value in this sample. As the cortex thins with normal aging, our data suggest that smoking is associated with diffuse accelerated cortical thinning, a biomarker of cognitive decline in adults. Although partial recovery appears possible, it can be a long process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karama
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4. E-mail: or
| | - S Ducharme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - J Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Chouinard-Decorte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Martínez K, Madsen SK, Joshi AA, Joshi SH, Román FJ, Villalon-Reina J, Burgaleta M, Karama S, Janssen J, Marinetto E, Desco M, Thompson PM, Colom R. Reproducibility of brain-cognition relationships using three cortical surface-based protocols: An exhaustive analysis based on cortical thickness. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3227-45. [PMID: 26032714 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
People differ in their cognitive functioning. This variability has been exhaustively examined at the behavioral, neural and genetic level to uncover the mechanisms by which some individuals are more cognitively efficient than others. Studies investigating the neural underpinnings of interindividual differences in cognition aim to establish a reliable nexus between functional/structural properties of a given brain network and higher order cognitive performance. However, these studies have produced inconsistent results, which might be partly attributed to methodological variations. In the current study, 82 healthy young participants underwent MRI scanning and completed a comprehensive cognitive battery including measurements of fluid, crystallized, and spatial intelligence, along with working memory capacity/executive updating, controlled attention, and processing speed. The cognitive scores were obtained by confirmatory factor analyses. T1 -weighted images were processed using three different surface-based morphometry (SBM) pipelines, varying in their degree of user intervention, for obtaining measures of cortical thickness (CT) across the brain surface. Distribution and variability of CT and CT-cognition relationships were systematically compared across pipelines and between two cognitively/demographically matched samples to overcome potential sources of variability affecting the reproducibility of findings. We demonstrated that estimation of CT was not consistent across methods. In addition, among SBM methods, there was considerable variation in the spatial pattern of CT-cognition relationships. Finally, within each SBM method, results did not replicate in matched subsamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Martínez
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah K Madsen
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anand A Joshi
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Francisco J Román
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Villalon-Reina
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Miguel Burgaleta
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, Canada
| | - Joost Janssen
- Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Marinetto
- Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento De Bioingeniería E Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III De Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Ciber del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento De Bioingeniería E Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III De Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad De Medicina Y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roberto Colom
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, Spain
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Ansado J, Collins L, Fonov V, Garon M, Alexandrov L, Karama S, Evans A, Beauchamp MH. A new template to study callosal growth shows specific growth in anterior and posterior regions of the corpus callosum in early childhood. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1675-84. [PMID: 25864842 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most of the studies conducted on the development of the corpus callosum (CC) have been limited to a relatively simple assessment of callosal area, providing an estimation of the size of the CC in two dimensions rather than its actual measurement. The goal of this study was to revisit callosal development in childhood and adolescence by using a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging template of the CC that considers the horizontal width of the CC and compares this with the two-dimensional (2D) callosal area. We mapped callosal growth in a large sample of youths followed longitudinally (N = 370 at T1; N = 304 at T2; and N = 246 at T3). Both techniques were based on a five-section subdivision of the CC. The results obtained with the 3D method revealed that the rate of CC growth over a 4-year period in the rostrum, the genu, the anterior body and the splenium was significantly higher in the youngest age group (< 7 years) than in older groups, indicating an intense period of development in early childhood for the anterior and posterior parts of the CC. Similar results were obtained when 2D callosal area was used for the anterior and posterior parts of the CC. However, divergent results were found in the mid-body and the caudal body of the CC. As shown by differences between 2D estimations and actual 3D measurements of callosal growth, our study highlights the importance of considering the horizontal width in measuring developmental changes in the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer Ansado
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Collins
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vladimir Fonov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Garon
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Abstract
Introduction: Several studies report an association between body mass index (BMI) and cortical thickness in adults. Some studies demonstrate diffuse cortical thinning in obesity, while others report effects in areas that are associated with self-regulation, such as lateral prefrontal cortex. Methods: This study used multilevel modeling of data from the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository, a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional database, to examine the relationship between cortical thickness and body weight in children. Cortical thickness was computed at 81,942 vertices of 716 MRI scans from 378 children aged between 4 and 18 years. Body mass index Z score for age was computed for each participant. We performed vertex-wise statistical analysis of the relationship between cortical thickness and BMI, accounting for age and gender. In addition, cortical thickness was extracted from regions of interest in prefrontal cortex and insula. Results: No significant association between cortical thickness and BMI was found, either by statistical parametric mapping or by region of interest analysis. Results remained negative when the analysis was restricted to children aged 12–18. Conclusions: The correlation between BMI and cortical thickness was not found in this large pediatric sample. The association between BMI and cortical thinning develops after adolescence. This has implications for the nature of the relationship between brain anatomy and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Sharkey
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Hudziak JJ, Albaugh MD, Ducharme S, Karama S, Spottswood M, Crehan E, Evans AC, Botteron KN. Cortical thickness maturation and duration of music training: health-promoting activities shape brain development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:1153-61, 1161.e1-2. [PMID: 25440305 PMCID: PMC4254594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which playing a musical instrument is associated with cortical thickness development among healthy youths. METHOD Participants were part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of Normal Brain Development. This study followed a longitudinal design such that participants underwent MRI scanning and behavioral testing on up to 3 separate visits, occurring at 2-year intervals. MRI, IQ, and music training data were available for 232 youths (334 scans), ranging from 6 to 18 years of age. Cortical thickness was regressed against the number of years that each youth had played a musical instrument. Next, thickness was regressed against an "Age × Years of Playing" interaction term. Age, gender, total brain volume, and scanner were controlled for in analyses. Participant ID was entered as a random effect to account for within-person dependence. False discovery rate correction was applied (p ≤ .05). RESULTS There was no association between thickness and years playing a musical instrument. The "Age × Years of Playing" interaction was associated with thickness in motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortices, as well as prefrontal and parietal cortices. Follow-up analysis revealed that music training was associated with an increased rate of thickness maturation. Results were largely unchanged when IQ and handedness were included as covariates. CONCLUSION Playing a musical instrument was associated with more rapid cortical thickness maturation within areas implicated in motor planning and coordination, visuospatial ability, and emotion and impulse regulation. However, given the quasi-experimental nature of this study, we cannot rule out the influence of confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hudziak
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, MA
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Eileen Crehan
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Alan C. Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly N. Botteron
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis
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Escorial S, Román FJ, Martínez K, Burgaleta M, Karama S, Colom R. Sex differences in neocortical structure and cognitive performance: A surface-based morphometry study. Neuroimage 2014; 104:355-65. [PMID: 25255941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
On average, men show larger brain volumes than women. Regional differences have been also observed, although most of the available studies apply voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Reports applying surface-based morphometry (SBM) have been focused mainly on cortical thickness (CT). Here we apply SBM for obtaining global and regional indices of CT, cortical surface area (CSA), and cortical gray matter volume (CGMV) from samples of men (N=40) and women (N=40) matched for their performance on four cognitive factors varying in their complexity: processing speed, attention control, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence. These were the main findings: 1) CT and CSA produced very weak correlations in both sexes, 2) men showed larger values in CT, CSA, and CGMV, and 3) cognitive performance was unrelated to brain structural variation within sexes. Therefore, we found substantial group differences in brain structure, but there was no relationship with cognitive performance both between and within-sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenia Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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O’Donnell KA, Gaudreau H, Colalillo S, Steiner M, Atkinson L, Moss E, Goldberg S, Karama S, Matthews SG, Lydon JE, Silveira PP, Wazana AD, Levitan RD, Sokolowski MB, Kennedy JL, Fleming A, Meaney MJ. The maternal adversity, vulnerability and neurodevelopment project: theory and methodology. Can J Psychiatry 2014; 59:497-508. [PMID: 25565695 PMCID: PMC4168812 DOI: 10.1177/070674371405900906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the theory and methodology of the multi-wave, prospective Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) study. The goal of MAVAN is to examine the pre- and postnatal influences, and their interaction, in determining individual differences in mental health. METHOD MAVAN is a community-based, birth cohort study of pregnant Canadian mothers and their offspring. Dyads are assessed longitudinally, with multiple assessments of both mother and child in home and laboratory across the child's development. Study measures, including assessments of cognitive and emotional function, are described. The study uses a candidate gene approach to examine gene-environment interdependence in specific developmental outcomes. Finally, the study includes measures of both brain-based phenotypes and metabolism to explore comorbidities associated with child obesity. One of the unique features of the MAVAN protocol is the extensive measures of the mother-child interaction. The relation between these measures will be discussed. RESULTS Evidence from the MAVAN project shows interesting results about maternal care, families, and child outcomes. In our review, preliminary analyses showing the correlations between measures of maternal care are reported. As predicted, early evidence suggests that maternal care measures are positively correlated, over time. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence for the feasibility and value of laboratory-based measures embedded within a longitudinal birth cohort study. Though retention of the samples has been a challenge of MAVAN, they are within a comparable range to other studies of this nature. Indeed, the trade-off of somewhat greater participant burden has allowed for a rich database. The results yielded from the MAVAN project will not only describe typical development but also possible targets for intervention. Understanding certain endophenotypes will shed light on the pathogenesis of various mental and physical disorders, as well as their interrelation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Study Coordinator, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Sara Colalillo
- Student, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Meir Steiner
- Professor Emeritus, McMaster University; Founding Director, Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario
- Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Ellen Moss
- Professor, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Susan Goldberg
- Professor [formerly], University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sherif Karama
- Assistant Professor, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec; Researcher, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | | | - Patricia P Silveira
- Professor, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ashley D Wazana
- Assistant Professor, McGill University; Director, The Center for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Professor, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Professor, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alison Fleming
- Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Professor, Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Professor, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Associate Director, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec; Adjunct Senior Investigator, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Faridi N, Karama S, Burgaleta M, White MT, White M, Evans AC, Fonov V, Collins DL, Waber DP. Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral rating versus performance measures of working memory in typically developing children and adolescents. Neuropsychology 2014; 29:82-91. [PMID: 25000324 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequent lack of correspondence between performance and observational measures of executive functioning, including working memory, has raised questions about the validity of the observational measures. This study was conducted to investigate sources of this discrepancy through correlation of volumetric and cortical thickness (CT) neuroimaging values with performance and questionnaire measures of working memory (WM). METHODS Using longitudinal data from the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development (Volumes, N= 347, 54.3% female; CT, N= 350, 54.6% female; age range: 6 to 16.9 years), scores on the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) WM, Emotional Control (EC) and Inhibition (INH) scales; Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Children-III Digit Span; and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery Spatial Working Memory (CANTAB SWM) were correlated with each other and with morphometric measurements using mixed effects linear regression models. RESULTS BRIEF WM was correlated with CANTAB SWM (p < .001). With whole brain correction, BRIEF WM and EC were both correlated with CT of the posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), EC on the right side only. Performance measures of WM were unrelated to lobar volumes or CT, but were associated with volumes of hippocampus and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS The known role of PHG in contextual learning suggests that the BRIEF WM assesses contextualized learning/memory, potentially explaining its loose correspondence to the decontextualized performance measures. Observational measures can be useful and valid functional metrics, complementing performance measures. Labels used to characterize scales should be interpreted with caution, however.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif Karama
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute
| | | | | | - Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Vladimir Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Deborah P Waber
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Chouinard-Decorte F, McKay DR, Reid A, Khundrakpam B, Zhao L, Karama S, Rioux P, Sprooten E, Knowles E, Kent JW, Curran JE, Göring HHH, Dyer TD, Olvera RL, Kochunov P, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Almasy L, Blangero J, Bellec P, Evans AC, Glahn DC. Heritable changes in regional cortical thickness with age. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:208-16. [PMID: 24752552 PMCID: PMC4205107 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that regional indices of brain structure such as cortical thickness, surface area or grey matter volume exhibit spatially variable patterns of heritability. However, a recent study found these patterns to change with age during development, a result supported by gene expression studies. Changes in heritability have not been investigated in adulthood so far and could have important implications in the study of heritability and genetic correlations in the brain as well as in the discovery of specific genes explaining them. Herein, we tested for genotype by age (G ×A) interactions, an extension of genotype by environment interactions, through adulthood and healthy aging in 902 subjects from the Genetics of Brain Structure (GOBS) study. A "jackknife" based method for the analysis of stable cortical thickness clusters (JASC) and scale selection is also introduced. Although additive genetic variance remained constant throughout adulthood, we found evidence for incomplete pleiotropy across age in the cortical thickness of paralimbic and parieto-temporal areas. This suggests that different genetic factors account for cortical thickness heritability at different ages in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Chouinard-Decorte
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D. Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06571, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Andrew Reid
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Budhachandra Khundrakpam
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lu Zhao
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R2, Canada
| | - Pierre Rioux
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06571, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06571, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06571, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R2, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2120, USA
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatric Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX H3W 1W5, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2120, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Geriatric Institute Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Alan C. Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06571, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
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Burgaleta M, MacDonald PA, Martínez K, Román FJ, Álvarez‐Linera J, González AR, Karama S, Colom R. Subcortical regional morphology correlates with fluid and spatial intelligence. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:1957-68. [PMID: 23913782 PMCID: PMC6869737 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed associations between intelligence and brain morphology. However, researchers have focused primarily on the anatomical features of the cerebral cortex, whereas subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia (BG), have often been neglected despite extensive functional evidence on their relation with higher-order cognition. Here we performed shape analyses to understand how individual differences in BG local morphology account for variability in cognitive performance. Structural MRI was acquired in 104 young adults (45 men, 59 women, mean age = 19.83, SD = 1.64), and the outer surface of striatal structures (caudate, nucleus accumbens, and putamen), globus pallidus, and thalamus was estimated for each subject and hemisphere. Further, nine cognitive tests were used to measure fluid (Gf), crystallized (Gc), and spatial intelligence (Gv). Latent scores for these factors were computed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and regressed vertex-wise against subcortical shape (local displacements of vertex position), controlling for age, sex, and adjusted for brain size. Significant results (FDR < 5%) were found for Gf and Gv, but not Gc, for the right striatal structures and thalamus. The main results show a relative enlargement of the rostral putamen, which is functionally connected to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other intelligence-related prefrontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgaleta
- Center for Brain and CognitionUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Román
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Juan Álvarez‐Linera
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
- Ruber International HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Ana Ramos González
- Sección de NeurorradiologíaHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebec
| | - Roberto Colom
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
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Román FJ, Abad FJ, Escorial S, Burgaleta M, Martínez K, Álvarez-Linera J, Quiroga MÁ, Karama S, Haier RJ, Colom R. Reversed hierarchy in the brain for general and specific cognitive abilities: a morphometric analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:3805-18. [PMID: 24677433 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligence is composed of a set of cognitive abilities hierarchically organized. General and specific abilities capture distinguishable, but related, facets of the intelligence construct. Here, we analyze gray matter with three morphometric indices (volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness) at three levels of the intelligence hierarchy (tests, first-order factors, and a higher-order general factor, g). A group of one hundred and four healthy young adults completed a cognitive battery and underwent high-resolution structural MRI. Latent scores were computed for the intelligence factors and tests were also analyzed. The key finding reveals substantial variability in gray matter correlates at the test level, which is substantially reduced for the first-order and the higher-order factors. This supports a reversed hierarchy in the brain with respect to cognitive abilities at different psychometric levels: the greater the generality, the smaller the number of relevant gray matter clusters accounting for individual differences in intelligent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Román
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Fundación CIEN - Fundación Reina Sofía, 28031, Madrid, Spain
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Ameis SH, Ducharme S, Albaugh MD, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Lepage C, Zhao L, Khundrakpam B, Collins DL, Lerch JP, Wheeler A, Schachar R, Evans AC, Karama S. Cortical thickness, cortico-amygdalar networks, and externalizing behaviors in healthy children. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:65-72. [PMID: 23890738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fronto-amygdalar networks are implicated in childhood psychiatric disorders characterized by high rates of externalizing (aggressive, noncompliant, oppositional) behavior. Although externalizing behaviors are distributed continuously across clinical and nonclinical samples, little is known about how brain variations may confer risk for problematic behavior. Here, we studied cortical thickness, amygdala volume, and cortico-amygdalar network correlates of externalizing behavior in a large sample of healthy children. METHODS Two hundred ninety-seven healthy children (6-18 years; mean = 12 ± 3 years), with 517 magnetic resonance imaging scans, from the National Institutes of Health Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Normal Brain Development, were studied. Relationships between externalizing behaviors (measured with the Child Behavior Checklist) and cortical thickness, amygdala volume, and cortico-amygdalar structural networks were examined using first-order linear mixed-effects models, after controlling for age, sex, scanner, and total brain volume. Results significant at p ≤ .05, following multiple comparison correction, are reported. RESULTS Left orbitofrontal, right retrosplenial cingulate, and medial temporal cortex thickness were negatively correlated with externalizing behaviors. Although amygdala volume alone was not correlated with externalizing behaviors, an orbitofrontal cortex-amygdala network predicted rates of externalizing behavior. Children with lower levels of externalizing behaviors exhibited positive correlations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala structure, while these regions were not correlated in children with higher levels of externalizing behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify key cortical nodes in frontal, cingulate, and temporal cortex associated with externalizing behaviors in children; and indicate that orbitofrontal-amygdala network properties may influence externalizing behaviors, along a continuum and across healthy and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Ameis
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Karama
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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50
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Burgaleta M, Johnson W, Waber DP, Colom R, Karama S. Cognitive ability changes and dynamics of cortical thickness development in healthy children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2013; 84:810-9. [PMID: 24071525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores tend to remain stable across the lifespan. Nevertheless, in some healthy individuals, significant decreases or increases in IQ have been observed over time. It is unclear whether such changes reflect true functional change or merely measurement error. Here, we applied surface-based corticometry to investigate vertex-wise cortical surface area and thickness correlates of changes in Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) in a representative sample of children and adolescents (n=188, mean age=11.59years) assessed two years apart as part of the NIH Study of Normal Brain Development. No significant associations between changes in IQ measures and changes in cortical surface area were observed, whereas changes in FSIQ, PIQ, and VIQ were related to rates of cortical thinning, mainly in left frontal areas. Participants who showed reliable gains in FSIQ showed no significant changes in cortical thickness on average, whereas those who exhibited no significant FSIQ change showed moderate declines in cortical thickness. Importantly, individuals who showed large decreases in FSIQ displayed the steepest and most significant reductions in cortical thickness. Results support the view that there can be meaningful cognitive ability changes that impact IQ within relatively short developmental periods and show that such changes are associated with the dynamics of cortical thickness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgaleta
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain
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