251
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Peake JM, Neubauer O, Walsh NP, Simpson RJ. Recovery of the immune system after exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:1077-1087. [PMID: 27909225 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that prolonged, intense exercise causes an "open window" of immunodepression during recovery after exercise is well accepted. Repeated exercise bouts or intensified training without sufficient recovery may increase the risk of illness. However, except for salivary IgA, clear and consistent markers of this immunodepression remain elusive. Exercise increases circulating neutrophil and monocyte counts and reduces circulating lymphocyte count during recovery. This lymphopenia results from preferential egress of lymphocyte subtypes with potent effector functions [e.g., natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells, and CD8+ T cells]. These lymphocytes most likely translocate to peripheral sites of potential antigen encounter (e.g., lungs and gut). This redeployment of effector lymphocytes is an integral part of the physiological stress response to exercise. Current knowledge about changes in immune function during recovery from exercise is derived from assessment at the cell population level of isolated cells ex vivo or in blood. This assessment can be biased by large changes in the distribution of immune cells between blood and peripheral tissues during and after exercise. Some evidence suggests that reduced immune cell function in vitro may coincide with changes in vivo and rates of illness after exercise, but more work is required to substantiate this notion. Among the various nutritional strategies and physical therapies that athletes use to recover from exercise, carbohydrate supplementation is the most effective for minimizing immune disturbances during exercise recovery. Sleep is an important aspect of recovery, but more research is needed to determine how sleep disruption influences the immune system of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; .,Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil P Walsh
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom; and
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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252
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Scovell JM, Pastuszak AW, Slawin J, Badal J, Link RE, Lipshultz LI. Impaired Sleep Quality is Associated With More Significant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Male Shift Workers. Urology 2016; 99:197-202. [PMID: 27639796 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between sleep quality and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men working nonstandard shifts, a population at risk of poor sleep quality. METHODS Men who presented to a single andrology clinic between July and October 2014 and worked nonstandard shifts completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and responded to questions regarding their work habits, sleep quality, and physical or cognitive function. We assessed the relationship between age, sleep quality, physical or cognitive function, and severity of LUTS. RESULTS A total of 228 men with a mean ± standard deviation age of 41.8 ± 5.7 (range 21-76) years reported working nonstandard shifts, with the majority working these shifts for more than 1 year (81%). Men with difficulties falling asleep reported more severe LUTS than men who did not have difficulty falling asleep (IPSS score 9 vs 6, P <.001). Men who reported difficulty staying asleep or falling back asleep after awakening also reported more severe LUTS (IPSS scores 6 vs 13, P = .004; 5 vs 13, P <.001, respectively). Men with a decreased sense of well-being or decreased physical or cognitive function also reported more severe LUTS (IPSS score 6 vs 9, P <.0010; 6 vs 10, P = .016, respectively). All findings were independent of subject age. CONCLUSION Men working nonstandard shifts who have difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and falling back asleep report more severe LUTS than men without similar sleep difficulties. Men with a decreased sense of well-being or decreased physical or cognitive function also report worse LUTS. These findings implicate sleep quality as a possible risk factor for LUTS symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Scovell
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alexander W Pastuszak
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Jeremy Slawin
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical, New York, NY
| | | | - Richard E Link
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Larry I Lipshultz
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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253
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Chennaoui M, Arnal PJ, Drogou C, Sauvet F, Gomez-Merino D. Sleep extension increases IGF-I concentrations before and during sleep deprivation in healthy young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:963-70. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is known to suppress circulating trophic factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This experiment examined the effect of an intervention involving 6 nights of extended sleep before total sleep deprivation on this catabolic profile. In a randomized crossover design, 14 young men (age range: 26–37 years) were either in an extended (EXT; time in bed: 2100–0700 h) or habitual (HAB: 2230–0700 h) sleep condition, followed by 3 days in the laboratory with blood sampling at baseline (B), after 24 h of sleep deprivation (24h-SD), and after 1 night of recovery sleep (R). In the EXT condition compared with the HAB condition, free IGF-I levels were significantly higher at B, 24h-SD, and R (P < 0.001), and those of total IGF-I at B and 24h-SD (P < 0.05). EXT did not influence growth hormone, IGF binding protein 3, BDNF, insulin, and glucose levels. The only effect of 24 h of sleep deprivation was for insulin levels, which were significantly higher after R compared with B. In a healthy adult, additional sleep over 1 week increased blood concentrations of the anabolic factor IGF-I before and during 24 h of sleep deprivation and after the subsequent recovery night without effects on BDNF. With further research, these findings may prove to be important in guiding effective lifestyle modifications to limit physical or cognitive deficits associated with IGF-I decrease with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Chennaoui
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Paris, France
| | - Pierrick J. Arnal
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercice, Université de Lyon, 42000 Saint Etienne, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Paris, France
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254
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Affective disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis: psychological and disease-related pathways. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:532-42. [PMID: 27411910 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to recurrent pain, fatigue, and increased rates of physical disability, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased prevalence of some mental health disorders, particularly those involving affective or mood disturbances. This narrative Review provides an overview of mental health comorbidities in RA, and discusses how these comorbidities interact with disease processes, including dysregulation of inflammatory responses, prolonged difficulties with pain and fatigue, and the development of cognitive and behavioural responses that could exacerbate the physical and psychological difficulties associated with RA. This article describes how the social context of individuals with RA affects both their coping strategies and their psychological responses to the disease, and can also impair responses to treatment through disruption of patient-physician relationships and treatment adherence. Evidence from the literature on chronic pain suggests that the resulting alterations in neural pathways of reward processing could yield new insights into the connections between disease processes in RA and psychological distress. Finally, the role of psychological interventions in the effective and comprehensive treatment of RA is discussed.
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255
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Cepeda MS, Stang P, Blacketer C, Kent JM, Wittenberg GM. Clinical Relevance of Sleep Duration: Results from a Cross-Sectional Analysis Using NHANES. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:813-9. [PMID: 26951419 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical relevance of sleep duration, hours slept were compared by health status, presence of insomnia, and presence of depression, and the association of sleep duration with BMI and cardiovascular risk was quantified. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of subjects in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys using adjusted linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS A total of 22,281 adults were included, 37% slept ≤ 6 hours, 36% were obese, and 45% reported cardiovascular conditions. Mean sleep duration was 6.87 hours. Better health was associated with more hours of sleep. Subjects with poor health reported sleeping 46 min, (95% CI -56.85 to -35.67) less than subjects with excellent health. Individuals with depression (vs. not depressed) reported 40 min less sleep, (95% CI -47.14 to -32.85). Individuals with insomnia (vs. without insomnia) reported 39 min less sleep, (95% CI -56.24 to -22.45). Duration of sleep was inversely related to BMI; for every additional hour of sleep, there was a decrease of 0.18 kg/m(2) in BMI, (95% CI -0.30 to -0.06). The odds of reporting cardiovascular problems were 6.0% lower for every hour of sleep (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI [0.91 to 0.97]). Compared with subjects who slept ≤ 6 h, subjects who slept more had lower odds of reporting cardiovascular problems, with the exception of subjects ≥ 55 years old who slept ≥ 9 hours. CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration is associated with better health. The fewer the hours of sleep, the greater the BMI and reported cardiovascular disease. A difference of 30 minutes of sleep is associated with substantive impact on clinical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Cepeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - Paul Stang
- Department of Epidemiology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - Clair Blacketer
- Department of Epidemiology, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - Justine M Kent
- Department of Central Nervous System, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ
| | - Gayle M Wittenberg
- Department of Integrated solutions, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ
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256
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Aragón-Arreola JF, Moreno-Villegas CA, Armienta-Rojas DA, De la Herrán-Arita AK. An insight of sleep disorders in Africa. eNeurologicalSci 2016; 3:37-40. [PMID: 29430534 PMCID: PMC5803062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a recurrent physiologic and fundamental process in every human being, regardless of ethnicity, gender, birthplace, or occupation; however, the features of sleep are swayed by genetic background and environmental influences. All these factors have an intricate relationship, and arise from a complex and assorted genetic repertoire in the alleles that promote a higher genetic variation in human populations. Sleep disorders have become an uprising public health problem in the modern society; in addition, the correlation between sleep disorders and the development of late chronic diseases has been extensively studied, finding an important causality between them. Therefore, an adequate evaluation of the current situation in a developing continent such as Africa is essential to develop satisfactory health policies. In this review, we will reprise several aspects that influence the sleep-wake cycle in individuals with African heritage (including African Americans and sub-Saharan Africans), such as genetic background, HIV infection, tropical diseases, immunological markers, cultural aspects, and place them into Africa's context in order to have a better comprehension of its situation.
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Key Words
- African heritage
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- Cry, Cryptochrome
- HAT, Human African trypanosomiasis
- IL-6, Interleukin 6
- IL1R2, Interleukin 1 receptor type 2
- Inflammatory markers
- OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- PER, Period
- PLEK, Plekstrin
- SES, Socioeconomic status
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Sleep disorders
- Tropical diseases
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257
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Barekat A, Gonzalez A, Mauntz RE, Kotzebue RW, Molina B, El-Mecharrafie N, Conner CJ, Garza S, Melkani GC, Joiner WJ, Lipinski MM, Finley KD, Ratliff EP. Using Drosophila as an integrated model to study mild repetitive traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25252. [PMID: 27143646 PMCID: PMC4855207 DOI: 10.1038/srep25252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, there has been a growing appreciation that even repetitive, milder forms of TBI (mTBI) can have long-term deleterious consequences to neural tissues. Hampering our understanding of genetic and environmental factors that influence the cellular and molecular responses to injury has been the limited availability of effective genetic model systems that could be used to identify the key genes and pathways that modulate both the acute and long-term responses to TBI. Here we report the development of a severe and mild-repetitive TBI model using Drosophila. Using this system, key features that are typically found in mammalian TBI models were also identified in flies, including the activation of inflammatory and autophagy responses, increased Tau phosphorylation and neuronal defects that impair sleep-related behaviors. This novel injury paradigm demonstrates the utility of Drosophila as an effective tool to validate genetic and environmental factors that influence the whole animal response to trauma and to identify prospective therapies needed for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Barekat
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arysa Gonzalez
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E Mauntz
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne W Kotzebue
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Molina
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nadja El-Mecharrafie
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Garza
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William J Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marta M Lipinski
- Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim D Finley
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric P Ratliff
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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258
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Aho V, Ollila HM, Kronholm E, Bondia-Pons I, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Hilvo M, Seppälä I, Kettunen J, Oikonen M, Raitoharju E, Hyötyläinen T, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Härmä M, Sallinen M, Olkkonen VM, Alenius H, Jauhiainen M, Paunio T, Lehtimäki T, Salomaa V, Orešič M, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M, Porkka-Heiskanen T. Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24828. [PMID: 27102866 PMCID: PMC4840329 DOI: 10.1038/srep24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss and insufficient sleep are risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, but data on how insufficient sleep contributes to these diseases are scarce. These questions were addressed using two approaches: an experimental, partial sleep restriction study (14 cases and 7 control subjects) with objective verification of sleep amount, and two independent epidemiological cohorts (altogether 2739 individuals) with questions of sleep insufficiency. In both approaches, blood transcriptome and serum metabolome were analysed. Sleep loss decreased the expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters and increased expression in pathways involved in inflammatory responses in both paradigms. Metabolomic analyses revealed lower circulating large HDL in the population cohorts among subjects reporting insufficient sleep, while circulating LDL decreased in the experimental sleep restriction study. These findings suggest that prolonged sleep deprivation modifies inflammatory and cholesterol pathways at the level of gene expression and serum lipoproteins, inducing changes toward potentially higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Aho
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Population Studies Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Isabel Bondia-Pons
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Hilvo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Oikonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Agora Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Unit of Excellence for Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine &Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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259
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Mullington JM, Abbott SM, Carroll JE, Davis CJ, Dijk DJ, Dinges DF, Gehrman PR, Ginsburg GS, Gozal D, Haack M, Lim DC, Macrea M, Pack AI, Plante DT, Teske JA, Zee PC. Developing Biomarker Arrays Predicting Sleep and Circadian-Coupled Risks to Health. Sleep 2016; 39:727-36. [PMID: 26951388 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher J Davis
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David F Dinges
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Monika Haack
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Diane C Lim
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madalina Macrea
- Salem VAMC, Salem, VA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Translational Research Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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260
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Brenner DR, Brockton NT, Kotsopoulos J, Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Courneya KS, Knight JA, Olivotto IA, Quan ML, Friedenreich CM. Breast cancer survival among young women: a review of the role of modifiable lifestyle factors. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:459-72. [PMID: 26970739 PMCID: PMC4796361 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost 7 % of breast cancers are diagnosed among women age 40 years and younger in Western populations. Clinical outcomes among young women are worse. Early age-of-onset increases the risk of contralateral breast cancer, local and distant recurrence, and subsequent mortality. Breast cancers in young women (BCYW) are more likely to present with triple-negative (TNBC), TP53-positive, and HER-2 over-expressing tumors than among older women. However, despite these known differences in breast cancer outcomes and tumor subtypes, there is limited understanding of the basic biology, epidemiology, and optimal therapeutic strategies for BCYW. Several modifiable lifestyle factors associated with reduced risk of developing breast cancer have also been implicated in improved prognosis among breast cancer survivors of all ages. Given the treatment-related toxicities and the extended window for late effects, long-term lifestyle modifications potentially offer significant benefits to BCYW. In this review, we propose a model identifying three main areas of lifestyle factors (energy imbalance, inflammation, and dietary nutrient adequacy) that may influence survival in BCYW. In addition, we provide a summary of mechanisms of action and a synthesis of previous research on each of these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 513, Holy Cross Centre, Box ACB, 2210-2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Nigel T Brockton
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 513, Holy Cross Centre, Box ACB, 2210-2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Boucher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivo A Olivotto
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - May Lynn Quan
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 513, Holy Cross Centre, Box ACB, 2210-2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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261
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Lo JC, Groeger JA, Cheng GH, Dijk DJ, Chee MWL. Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2016; 17:87-98. [PMID: 26847980 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- June C Lo
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - John A Groeger
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Grand H Cheng
- Counselling & Psychology Department, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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262
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Elias RM, Chan CT, Bradley TD. Altered sleep structure in patients with end-stage renal disease. Sleep Med 2015; 20:67-71. [PMID: 27318228 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although symptoms of sleep disturbances are widely recognized in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the effect of uremia on sleep structure has not been well investigated. We hypothesized that compared to individuals without ESRD, those with ESRD would have altered sleep structure after controlling for the severity of sleep apnea (SA). METHODS We studied 57 ESRD patients (42 men) and 57 controls (46 men) who had undergone polysomnography. Control subjects were matched to the ESRD patients by age, body mass index (BMI), frequency of periodic leg movements per hour of sleep, and the frequency of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)]. RESULTS The AHI and the percentage of patients with an AHI ≥15 were similar between ESRD and control groups. However, total (p = 0.002), rapid eye movement (REM) (p = 0.007), and non-REM (p = 0.022) sleep times were lower in ESRD patients than in the control group. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, AHI, BMI, arousal index, and diabetes, ESRD remained independently associated with lower REM (p = 0.021) and total sleep times (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION ESRD is independently associated with reduced total and REM sleep times after controlling for the severity of SA and other variables. Although we could not identify the cause of reduced sleep times, these could be related to uremia or fluid overload or both. Accordingly, our data provide a strong rationale for examining the effects of intensifying dialysis on sleep structure in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene M Elias
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Douglas Bradley
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Respirology, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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263
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Meltzer LJ, Faino A, Szefler SJ, Strand M, Gelfand EW, Beebe DW. Experimentally manipulated sleep duration in adolescents with asthma: Feasibility and preliminary findings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1360-7. [PMID: 25872769 PMCID: PMC4785884 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sleep duration on lung function and asthma symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Ten adolescents with asthma (60% female, 60% Caucasian, mean age = 13.7 years, range 12-17) completed a 3-week randomized, cross-over sleep manipulation protocol. Following a week of self-selected sleep duration, adolescents were randomized to a five-night deficient sleep opportunity (6.5 hr in bed) or a healthy sleep opportunity (10 hr in bed) obtained by systematically changing bedtimes. Wake time remained consistent across all 3 weeks (including weekends). Daily reports of sleep patterns and asthma symptoms, actigraphy, and daily peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), as well as weekly spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide were collected. RESULTS Participants averaged 3.2 hr less sleep (P < 0.001) per night in the short sleep condition versus the long sleep condition. Further, they had an 8.4% decrease overnight in PEFR (P = 0.007), and reported more asthma symptoms interfering with activities in the past 24 hr (P = 0.02) in the short sleep condition than the long sleep condition. No significant differences between experimental weeks were found for weekly spirometry or exhaled nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a cross-over sleep manipulation protocol in adolescents with asthma. Since overnight decrease in PEFR is a marker of nocturnal asthma, and has been associated with the severity of daytime airflow limitation, these early-stage results suggest that shortened sleep duration may exacerbate adolescent asthma and associated functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Faino
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Dean W Beebe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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264
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Ding D, Rogers K, van der Ploeg H, Stamatakis E, Bauman AE. Traditional and Emerging Lifestyle Risk Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from a Large Population-Based Australian Cohort. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001917. [PMID: 26645683 PMCID: PMC4672919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle risk behaviors are responsible for a large proportion of disease burden worldwide. Behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity, tend to cluster within populations and may have synergistic effects on health. As evidence continues to accumulate on emerging lifestyle risk factors, such as prolonged sitting and unhealthy sleep patterns, incorporating these new risk factors will provide clinically relevant information on combinations of lifestyle risk factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using data from a large Australian cohort of middle-aged and older adults, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine a lifestyle risk index incorporating sedentary behavior and sleep in relation to all-cause mortality. Baseline data (February 2006- April 2009) were linked to mortality registration data until June 15, 2014. Smoking, high alcohol intake, poor diet, physical inactivity, prolonged sitting, and unhealthy (short/long) sleep duration were measured by questionnaires and summed into an index score. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used with the index score and each unique risk combination as exposure variables, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. During 6 y of follow-up of 231,048 participants for 1,409,591 person-years, 15,635 deaths were registered. Of all participants, 31.2%, 36.9%, 21.4%, and 10.6% reported 0, 1, 2, and 3+ risk factors, respectively. There was a strong relationship between the lifestyle risk index score and all-cause mortality. The index score had good predictive validity (c index = 0.763), and the partial population attributable risk was 31.3%. Out of all 96 possible risk combinations, the 30 most commonly occurring combinations accounted for more than 90% of the participants. Among those, combinations involving physical inactivity, prolonged sitting, and/or long sleep duration and combinations involving smoking and high alcohol intake had the strongest associations with all-cause mortality. Limitations of the study include self-reported and under-specified measures, dichotomized risk scores, lack of long-term patterns of lifestyle behaviors, and lack of cause-specific mortality data. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors could reduce the risk for death from all causes. Specific combinations of lifestyle risk behaviors may be more harmful than others, suggesting synergistic relationships among risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kris Rogers
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian E. Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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265
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Dashti HS, Scheer FAJL, Jacques PF, Lamon-Fava S, Ordovás JM. Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:648-59. [PMID: 26567190 PMCID: PMC4642416 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Links between short sleep duration and obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may be mediated through changes in dietary intake. This review provides an overview of recent epidemiologic studies on the relations between habitual short sleep duration and dietary intake in adults from 16 cross-sectional studies. The studies have observed consistent associations between short sleep duration and higher total energy intake and higher total fat intake, and limited evidence for lower fruit intake, and lower quality diets. Evidence also suggests that short sleepers may have irregular eating behavior deviating from the traditional 3 meals/d to fewer main meals and more frequent, smaller, energy-dense, and highly palatable snacks at night. Although the impact of short sleep duration on dietary intake tends to be small, if chronic, it may contribute to an increased risk of obesity and related chronic disease. Mechanisms mediating the associations between sleep duration and dietary intake are likely to be multifactorial and include differences in the appetite-related hormones leptin and ghrelin, hedonic pathways, extended hours for intake, and altered time of intake. Taking into account these epidemiologic relations and the evidence for causal relations between sleep loss and metabolism and cardiovascular function, health promotion strategies should emphasize improved sleep as an additional factor in health and weight management. Moreover, future sleep interventions in controlled studies and sleep extension trials in chronic short sleepers are imperative for establishing whether there is a causal relation between short sleep duration and changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank AJL Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory,,Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain;,Madrid Institutes of Advanced Research, Madrid, Spain
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266
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Demeestere D, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE. Therapeutic implications of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid interface in neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:1-13. [PMID: 26116435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) comprises an epithelial monolayer that forms an important physical, enzymatic and immunologic barrier, called the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). It is a highly vascularized organ located in the brain ventricles that is key in maintaining brain homeostasis as it produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and has other important secretory functions. Furthermore, the CP-CSF interface plays a putative role in neurogenesis and has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism. A role for this CNS border was also implicated in sleep disturbances and chronic and/or severe stress, which are risk factors for the development of neuropsychiatric conditions. Understanding the mechanisms by which disturbance of the homeostasis at the CP-CSF interface is involved in these different chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases can give new insights into therapeutic strategies. Hence, this review discusses the different roles that have been suggested so far for the CP in these neuropsychiatric disorders, with special attention to potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Demeestere
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
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267
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Nilsonne G, Tamm S, Månsson KNT, Åkerstedt T, Lekander M. Leukocyte telomere length and hippocampus volume: a meta-analysis. F1000Res 2015; 4:1073. [PMID: 26674112 PMCID: PMC4670011 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length has been shown to correlate to hippocampus volume, but effect estimates differ in magnitude and are not uniformly positive. This study aimed primarily to investigate the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocampus gray matter volume by meta-analysis and secondarily to investigate possible effect moderators. Five studies were included with a total of 2107 participants, of which 1960 were contributed by one single influential study. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated the effect to r = 0.12 [95% CI -0.13, 0.37] in the presence of heterogeneity and a subjectively estimated moderate to high risk of bias. There was no evidence that apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was an effect moderator, nor that the ratio of leukocyte telomerase activity to telomere length was a better predictor than leukocyte telomere length for hippocampus volume. This meta-analysis, while not proving a positive relationship, also is not able to disprove the earlier finding of a positive correlation in the one large study included in analyses. We propose that a relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocamus volume may be mediated by transmigrating monocytes which differentiate into microglia in the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Nilsonne
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Tamm
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer N. T. Månsson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- PRIMA Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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268
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Klingaman EA, Palmer-Bacon J, Bennett ME, Rowland LM. Sleep Disorders Among People With Schizophrenia: Emerging Research. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17:79. [PMID: 26279058 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Up to 80 % of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experience sleep disturbances, which impact physical and mental health, as well as quality of life. In this paper, we review and integrate emerging literature, published between 2012 and 2014, regarding approaches to diagnosis and treatment of major sleep disorders for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), circadian rhythm dysfunction, and restless legs syndrome (RLS). We advocate for (1) the need to evaluate the utility of nonpharmacological approaches in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; (2) documentation of guidelines to assist providers in clinically tailoring such interventions when their clients experience positive, negative, and/or cognitive symptoms; (3) research on the best ways providers can capitalize on clients' self-identified needs and motivation to engage in sleep treatments through shared decision making; and (4) the importance of investigating whether and how mental health and sleep treatment services should be better connected to facilitate access for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Assessment and tailored treatment of sleep disorders within mental health treatment settings has the potential to reduce sleep problems and improve functioning, quality of life, and recovery of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Klingaman
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Capitol Health Care Network (VISN 5), 10 North Greene Street (Annex Suite 720), Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA,
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269
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Chennaoui M, Gomez-Merino D, Drogou C, Geoffroy H, Dispersyn G, Langrume C, Ciret S, Gallopin T, Sauvet F. Effects of exercise on brain and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers induced by total sleep deprivation in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:56. [PMID: 26425116 PMCID: PMC4588685 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical exercise induces neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and total sleep deprivation is reported an inflammatory process. We examined whether 7 weeks of exercise training attenuates markers of inflammation during total sleep deprivation (24-h wakefulness) in the rat brain and periphery. Methods Four groups of 10 rats were investigated: Sedentary control, Sedentary sleep-deprived, Exercised control, and Exercised sleep-deprived. Sleep deprivation and exercise training were induced using slowly rotating wheels and a motorized treadmill. We examined mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) cytokine-related genes using real-time PCR, and protein levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as circulating concentrations. Results Compared to Sedentary control rats, hippocampal and cortical IL-1β mRNA expressions in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats were up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). At the protein level, hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α and cortical IL-6 contents were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Peripherally, TNF-α, IL-6 and norepinephrine concentrations were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). Exercise training reduced the sleep deprivation-induced hippocampal IL-1β increases (mRNA expression and protein content) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and TNF-α content (p < 0.001). At the periphery, exercise reduced sleep deprivation-induced increase of IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) without effect on TNF-α and norepinephrine. Conclusions We demonstrate that a 7-week exercise training program before acute total sleep deprivation prevents pro-inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus, particularly the IL-1β cytokine at the gene expression level and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chennaoui
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France ; Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), B.P.73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
| | - D Gomez-Merino
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Drogou
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - H Geoffroy
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Dispersyn
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Langrume
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - S Ciret
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - T Gallopin
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F Sauvet
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
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270
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Kent BD, McNicholas WT, Ryan S. Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in obstructive sleep apnoea. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1343-57. [PMID: 26380761 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder, which conveys an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR) are common in subjects with OSA, but a shared intimate relationship with obesity makes discerning an independent link challenging. Nonetheless, mechanistic studies suggest that OSA could contribute to impaired glucose metabolism via the effects of sleep fragmentation, sympathetic excitation and intermittent hypoxia (IH) on pancreatic B-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation. In particular, emerging data suggest that IH may have an important detrimental effect on adipose tissue function and inflammation. Similarly, data from population-and clinic-level studies suggest that OSA is independently related with the prevalence and incidence of T2DM and IR, and may also lead to worse glycaemic control in diabetics. However, the ability of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy to make a meaningful impact on T2DM or IR remains uncertain. In this review we explore the available evidence linking OSA with IR, glucose intolerance and T2DM, and discuss potential pathobiological mechanisms by which sleep disordered breathing can affect metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Kent
- 1 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK ; 2 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin; Ireland ; 3 School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter T McNicholas
- 1 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK ; 2 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin; Ireland ; 3 School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silke Ryan
- 1 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK ; 2 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin; Ireland ; 3 School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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271
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Wolkow A, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Larsen B, Aisbett B, Main LC. The Impact of Sleep Restriction and Simulated Physical Firefighting Work on Acute Inflammatory Stress Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138128. [PMID: 26378783 PMCID: PMC4574982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect restricted sleep has on wildland firefighters' acute cytokine levels during 3 days and 2 nights of simulated physical wildfire suppression work. METHODS Firefighters completed multiple days of physical firefighting work separated by either an 8-h (Control condition; n = 18) or 4-h (Sleep restriction condition; n = 17) sleep opportunity each night. Blood samples were collected 4 times a day (i.e., 06:15, 11:30, 18:15, 21:30) from which plasma cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10) were measured. RESULTS The primary findings for cytokine levels revealed a fixed effect for condition that showed higher IL-8 levels among firefighters who received an 8-h sleep each night. An interaction effect demonstrated differing increases in IL-6 over successive days of work for the SR and CON conditions. Fixed effects for time indicated that IL-6 and IL-4 levels increased, while IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 levels decreased. There were no significant effects for IL-10 observed. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate increased IL-8 levels among firefighters who received an 8-h sleep when compared to those who had a restricted 4-h sleep. Firefighters' IL-6 levels increased in both conditions which may indicate that a 4-h sleep restriction duration and/or period (i.e., 2 nights) was not a significant enough stressor to affect this cytokine. Considering the immunomodulatory properties of IL-6 and IL-4 that inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, the rise in IL-6 and IL-4, independent of increases in IL-1β and TNF-α, could indicate a non-damaging response to the stress of simulated physical firefighting work. However, given the link between chronically elevated cytokine levels and several diseases, further research is needed to determine if firefighters' IL-8 and IL-6 levels are elevated following repeated firefighting deployments across a fire season and over multiple fire seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wolkow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Sally A. Ferguson
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Wayville 5034, Australia
| | - Grace E. Vincent
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Brianna Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Luana C. Main
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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272
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Besedovsky L, Born J. Sleep, Don't Sneeze: Longer Sleep Reduces the Risk of Catching a Cold. Sleep 2015; 38:1341-2. [PMID: 26285007 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Besedovsky
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
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273
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Grover V, Malhotra R, Kaur H. Exploring association between sleep deprivation and chronic periodontitis: A pilot study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:304-7. [PMID: 26229272 PMCID: PMC4520116 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.154173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation has become a global phenomenon, and epidemiologic data indicate that short sleep duration adversely impacts human physical health. Underlying mechanisms involve modulation of immune-inflammatory mechanisms. These changes might contribute to potentiation of destructive periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess if there is an association of sleep deprivation with chronic periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects were categorized into 3 groups (n = 20 each) viz. clinically healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal status of subjects was assessed by gingival index and pocket probing depth. All the study subjects were administered Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire for the assessment of sleep deprivation. Results: Present investigation revealed that mean PSQI was highest in the periodontitis group as compared to other two groups and the difference among three groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study with preliminary results suggestive of the association of sleep deprivation with severity of periodontal disease, definitely calls on for future studies with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjan Malhotra
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
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274
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Lin HH, Ho FM, Chen YF, Tseng CM, Ho CC, Chung WS. Increased risk of erectile dysfunction among patients with sleep disorders: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:846-52. [PMID: 25708176 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Few studies have investigated the relationship between sleep disorders (SD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Therefore, this study explored whether patients with SD in an Asian population are at an increased risk of developing ED. METHODS This longitudinal nationwide population-based cohort study investigated the incidence and risk of developing ED in 34,548 men newly diagnosed with SD between 2002 and 2008 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 138,192 controls without SD were randomly recruited from the general population and frequency matched according to age and sex. The follow-up period began from the date of entering the study cohort until the date of an ED event, censoring, or 31 December 2010. We conducted Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to estimate the effects of SD on the risk of ED. RESULTS The SD cohort had a 2.11-fold adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of subsequent ED development compared with the non-SD cohort [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.89-2.37]. The incidence of ED increased with age for both cohorts and was higher for the patients in the SD cohort. Compared with the participants without SD or comorbidities, the patients without SD with any comorbidity exhibited a 1.79-fold risk of developing ED (95% CI = 1.54-2.09); the highest risk was for those with both SD and any comorbidity (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.82-3.95). Furthermore, SD patients who had a particular number of comorbidities showed the dose-response effect of developing ED. CONCLUSION This nationwide cohort study determined that ED risk evidently increased in SD patients compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Lin
- Department of Management Information Systems, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F-M Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-M Tseng
- Department of Management Information Systems, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Ho
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-S Chung
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
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275
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Effect of long-term sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep on the diurnal rhythms of white blood cell subpopulations. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:93-9. [PMID: 25451611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While acute modifications of sleep duration induces a wide array of immune function alterations, less is known of how longer periods with insufficient sleep affect immune functions and how they return to normal once recovery sleep is obtained. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of five days of restricted sleep and a subsequent 7-day period of sleep recovery on white blood cell (WBC) subpopulation count and diurnal rhythms. Nine healthy males participated in a sleep protocol consisting of two baseline days (8h of sleep/night), five nights with restricted sleep (4h of sleep/night) and seven days of recovery sleep (8h of sleep/night). During nine of these days, blood was drawn hourly during night-time end every third hour during daytime, and differential WBC count was analyzed. Gradual increase across the days of sleep restriction was observed for total WBC (p<.001), monocytes (p<.001), neutrophils (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p<.05). Subsequent recovery sleep resulted in a gradual decrease in monocytes (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p=.001), but not in neutrophils that remained elevated over baseline level at the end of the 7-day recovery period. These effects were associated with altered diurnal rhythms of total WBC and neutrophils, restricted sleep being associated with higher levels during the night and at awakening, resulting in a flattening of the rhythm. The diurnal alterations were reversed when recovery sleep was allowed, although the amplitude of total WBC, neutrophils and monocytes was increased at the end of the recovery period in comparison to baseline. Altogether, these data show that long-term sleep restriction leads to a gradual increase of circulating WBC subpopulations and alterations of the respective diurnal rhythms. Although some of the effects caused by five days of restricted sleep were restored within the first days of recovery, some parameters were not back to baseline even after a period of seven recovery days.
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276
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Opp MR, Krueger JM. Sleep and immunity: A growing field with clinical impact. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:1-3. [PMID: 25849976 PMCID: PMC4685944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James M. Krueger
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University – Spokane, Spokane, WA
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277
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Wright KP, Drake AL, Frey DJ, Fleshner M, Desouza CA, Gronfier C, Czeisler CA. Influence of sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment on cortisol, inflammatory markers, and cytokine balance. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:24-34. [PMID: 25640603 PMCID: PMC5401766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol and inflammatory proteins are released into the blood in response to stressors and chronic elevations of blood cortisol and inflammatory proteins may contribute to ongoing disease processes and could be useful biomarkers of disease. How chronic circadian misalignment influences cortisol and inflammatory proteins, however, is largely unknown and this was the focus of the current study. Specifically, we examined the influence of weeks of chronic circadian misalignment on cortisol, stress ratings, and pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins in humans. We also compared the effects of acute total sleep deprivation and chronic circadian misalignment on cortisol levels. Healthy, drug free females and males (N=17) aged 20-41 participated. After 3weeks of maintaining consistent sleep-wake schedules at home, six laboratory baseline days and nights, a 40-h constant routine (CR, total sleep deprivation) to examine circadian rhythms for melatonin and cortisol, participants were scheduled to a 25-day laboratory entrainment protocol that resulted in sleep and circadian disruption for eight of the participants. A second constant routine was conducted to reassess melatonin and cortisol rhythms on days 34-35. Plasma cortisol levels were also measured during sampling windows every week and trapezoidal area under the curve (AUC) was used to estimate 24-h cortisol levels. Inflammatory proteins were assessed at baseline and near the end of the entrainment protocol. Acute total sleep deprivation significantly increased cortisol levels (p<0.0001), whereas chronic circadian misalignment significantly reduced cortisol levels (p<0.05). Participants who exhibited normal circadian phase relationships with the wakefulness-sleep schedule showed little change in cortisol levels. Stress ratings increased during acute sleep deprivation (p<0.0001), whereas stress ratings remained low across weeks of study for both the misaligned and synchronized control group. Circadian misalignment significantly increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05). Little change was observed for the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio during circadian misalignment, whereas the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and CRP levels decreased in the synchronized control group across weeks of circadian entrainment. The current findings demonstrate that total sleep deprivation and chronic circadian misalignment modulate cortisol levels and that chronic circadian misalignment increases plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA,to whom correspondence should be sent. 1725 Pleasant Street, Clare Small 114, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 80309-0354, Phone 303-735-6409
| | - Amanda L. Drake
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA
| | - Danielle J. Frey
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA,Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA
| | - Christopher A. Desouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. 80309 USA
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Department of Chronobiology, Inserm U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France ; University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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278
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Mantua J, Spencer RMC. The interactive effects of nocturnal sleep and daytime naps in relation to serum C-reactive protein. Sleep Med 2015; 16:1213-6. [PMID: 26429748 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM C-reactive protein (CRP) is a general marker of inflammation that has been differentially linked with sleep. Elevated CRP (ie, high inflammation) has been associated with either short/insufficient sleep duration or long sleep duration, both, or neither. Daytime napping has also been tied to increased and decreased inflammation. We attempted to unify these findings by examining the relationship between CRP and sleep duration in conjunction with napping in a healthy young adult cohort. PARTICIPANTS Participants were young adults (mean age = 29.05 years, n = 2147) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal sample. METHODS/RESULTS Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests examined whether self-reported sleep duration (short, medium, or long) and nap frequency (none-few days/week; most days/week; every day) interacted in relation to CRP. Standard covariates (ie, age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, physical activity, depression, snoring, systolic blood pressure, clinical symptoms, and household income) were used. There was a linear increase in CRP with increased napping [contrast estimate = 0.265, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.045-0.485), P = 0.018]. There was also an interaction between sleep duration and napping frequency in relation to CRP (F4,2128 = 2.90, P = 0.021). Inflammation differed between nap groups within the long and short sleep groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased napping is an independent predictor of inflammation in young adults. These results also provide evidence for interactive effects of inflammation, nocturnal sleep, and daytime naps. Our findings confirm that excess sleep, insufficient sleep, frequent napping, and infrequent napping can all be linked with elevated CRP, but these relationships depend on both nocturnal and daytime sleep patterns. These analyses will guide future work to more specifically examine sleep-inflammation processes and directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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279
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Paanalahti K, Wertli MM, Held U, Åkerstedt T, Holm LW, Nordin M, Skillgate E. Spinal pain—good sleep matters: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:760-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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280
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Floam S, Simpson N, Nemeth E, Scott-Sutherland J, Gautam S, Haack M. Sleep characteristics as predictor variables of stress systems markers in insomnia disorder. J Sleep Res 2015; 24:296-304. [PMID: 25524529 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which sleep characteristics serve as predictor variables for inflammatory, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic systems markers. Twenty-nine participants with a diagnosis of insomnia disorder based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (age 25.3 ± 1.6 years, insomnia duration 6.6 ± 0.8 years) and 19 healthy control sleepers (age 25.4 ± 1.4 years) underwent a 2-week at-home evaluation keeping a sleep diary and wearing an actigraph, followed by a visit to the Research Center to measure blood pressure, and collect blood and urine samples. The actigraphy- and diary-based variables of sleep duration, sleep-onset latency, wake after sleep onset and sleep fragmentation/number of night-time awakenings were averaged and entered as dependent variables in regression analyses. Composite scores were calculated for the autonomic (blood pressure, norepinephrine), inflammatory (monocyte counts, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems (cortisol), and used as predictor variables in regression models. Compared with controls, individuals with insomnia had a shorter sleep duration (P < 0.05), and a higher hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and inflammatory composite score (P < 0.05). The higher inflammatory score was mainly due to higher circulating monocytes (P < 0.05), rather than differences in interleukin-6 or C-reactive protein. In persistent insomnia disorder, cortisol is upregulated and associated with actigraphy- and diary-based wake after sleep onset, suggesting that wake after sleep onset may serve as a marker to identify individuals at increased risks for disorders associated with a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. The absence of autonomic and pro-inflammatory changes (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein), despite a substantial decrease in actigraphic sleep duration, may relate to a higher resilience to the adverse biological consequences of insomnia in this young age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emese Nemeth
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shiva Gautam
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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281
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Wirth MD, Jaggers JR, Dudgeon WD, Hébert JR, Youngstedt SD, Blair SN, Hand GA. Association of Markers of Inflammation with Sleep and Physical Activity Among People Living with HIV or AIDS. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1098-107. [PMID: 25399034 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations of sleep and minutes spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 among persons living with HIV. Cross-sectional analyses (n = 45) focused on associations of inflammatory outcomes (i.e., CRP and IL-6) with actigraph-derived sleep duration, latency, and efficiency; sleep onset; wake time; and wake-after-sleep-onset; as well as MVPA. Least square means for CRP and IL-6 by levels of sleep and MVPA were computed from general linear models. Individuals below the median of sleep duration, above the median for sleep onset, and below the median of MVPA minutes had higher CRP or IL-6 levels. Generally, individuals with both low MVPA and poor sleep characteristics had higher inflammation levels than those with more MVPA and worse sleep. Understanding the combined impact of multiple lifestyle/behavioral factors on inflammation could inform intervention strategies to reduce inflammation and therefore, chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- The South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA,
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282
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Dumaine JE, Ashley NT. Acute sleep fragmentation induces tissue-specific changes in cytokine gene expression and increases serum corticosterone concentration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R1062-9. [PMID: 25876653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces acute inflammation and increased glucocorticosteroids in vertebrates, but effects from fragmented, or intermittent, sleep are poorly understood. Considering the latter is more representative of sleep apnea in humans, we investigated changes in proinflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1) cytokine gene expression in the periphery (liver, spleen, fat, and heart) and brain (hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus) of a murine model exposed to varying intensities of sleep fragmentation (SF). Additionally, serum corticosterone was assessed. Sleep was disrupted in male C57BL/6J mice using an automated sleep fragmentation chamber that moves a sweeping bar at specified intervals (Lafayette Industries). Mice were exposed to bar sweeps every 20 s (high sleep fragmentation, HSF), 120 s (low sleep fragmentation, LSF), or the bar remained stationary (control). Trunk blood and tissue samples were collected after 24 h of SF. We predicted that HSF mice would exhibit increased proinflammatory expression, decreased anti-inflammatory expression, and elevated stress hormones in relation to LSF and controls. SF significantly elevated IL-1β gene expression in adipose tissue, heart (HSF only), and hypothalamus (LSF only) relative to controls. SF did not increase TNF-α expression in any of the tissues measured. HSF increased TGF-β1 expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus relative to other groups. Serum corticosterone concentration was significantly different among groups, with HSF mice exhibiting the highest, LSF intermediate, and controls with the lowest concentration. This indicates that 24 h of SF is a potent inducer of inflammation and stress hormones in the periphery, but leads to upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dumaine
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
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283
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Hsiao YH, Chen YT, Tseng CM, Wu LA, Lin WC, Su VYF, Perng DW, Chang SC, Chen YM, Chen TJ, Lee YC, Chou KT. Sleep disorders and increased risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals without sleep apnea. Sleep 2015; 38:581-6. [PMID: 25669189 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To explore the association between the non-apnea sleep disorder (NSD) and autoimmune diseases. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Nationwide database research. PARTICIPANTS 84,996 adult patients with NSD diagnoses recorded in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2003, after excluding those with antecedent autoimmune diseases. A comparison cohort of 84,996 participants was formed by age-, gender-, income-, and urbanization-matched controls. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The two cohorts were followed up for occurrence of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for muti-variate adjustment. In patients with NSD, the overall risk for incident autoimmune diseases was significantly higher than in controls (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-1.53). With regard to individual diseases, the risks for SLE, RA, AS and SS among NSD patients were also significantly higher than in controls (HR [95% CI] for SLE, RA, AS, and SS were 1.81 [1.50-2.18], 1.45 [1.36-1.54], 1.53 [1.38-1.70], and 1.51 [1.43-1.60], respectively), whereas the increased risk for SSc did not reach statistical significance (HR: 1.36 [0.82-2.26]). CONCLUSION Patients with non-apnea sleep disorder were associated with a higher risk for developing autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Hsiao
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tai Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Min Tseng
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-An Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Yi-Fong Su
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diahn-Warng Perng
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chuan Chang
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Lee
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ta Chou
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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284
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Rao MN, Neylan TC, Grunfeld C, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Schwarz JM. Subchronic sleep restriction causes tissue-specific insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1664-71. [PMID: 25658017 PMCID: PMC4399283 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Subchronic sleep restriction (SR) causes insulin resistance, but the mechanisms and roles of specific tissues are unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to determine whether subchronic SR altered (1) hepatic insulin sensitivity, (2) peripheral insulin sensitivity, and (3) substrate utilization. DESIGN This was a randomized crossover study in which 14 subjects underwent 2 admissions separated by a washout period. Each admission had 2 acclimatization nights followed by 5 nights of either SR (4 hours time in bed) or normal sleep (8 hours time in bed). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE/METHODS: Insulin sensitivity (measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (measured by stable isotope techniques) were measured. In addition, we assayed stress hormone (24-hour urine free cortisol, metanephrine, and normetanephrine), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OH butyrate) levels. Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Compared to normal sleep, whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased by 25% (P = .008) with SR and peripheral insulin sensitivity decreased by 29% (P = .003). Whereas hepatic insulin sensitivity (endogenous glucose production) did not change significantly, percent gluconeogenesis increased (P = .03). Stress hormones increased modestly (cortisol by 21%, P = .04; metanephrine by 8%, P = .014; normetanephrine by 18%, P = .002). Fasting NEFA and β-OH butyrate levels increased substantially (62% and 55%, respectively). REE did not change (P = 0.98), but RQ decreased (0.81 ± .02 vs 0.75 ± 0.02, P = .045). CONCLUSION Subchronic SR causes unique metabolic disturbances characterized by peripheral, but not hepatic, insulin resistance; this was associated with a robust increase in fasting NEFA levels (indicative of increased lipolysis), decreased RQ, and increased β-OH butyrate levels (indicative of whole-body and hepatic fat oxidation, respectively). We postulate that elevated NEFA levels are partially responsible for the decrease in peripheral sensitivity and modulation of hepatic metabolism (ie, increase in gluconeogenesis without increase in endogenous glucose production). Elevated cortisol and metanephrine levels may contribute to insulin resistance by increasing lipolysis and NEFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu N Rao
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.N.R., T.C.N., C.G.), San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Medicine (M.N.R., C.G., K.M., M.S., J.-M.S.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Psychiatry (T.C.N.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; and Touro University (J.-M.S.), Vallejo, California 94592
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285
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Parthasarathy S, Vasquez MM, Halonen M, Bootzin R, Quan SF, Martinez FD, Guerra S. Persistent insomnia is associated with mortality risk. Am J Med 2015; 128:268-75.e2. [PMID: 25447616 PMCID: PMC4340773 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has been associated with mortality risk, but whether this association is different in subjects with persistent vs intermittent insomnia is unclear. Additionally, the role of systemic inflammation in such an association is unknown. METHODS We used data from a community-based cohort to determine whether persistent or intermittent insomnia, defined based on persistence of symptoms over a 6-year period, was associated with death during the following 20 years of follow-up. We also determined whether changes in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels measured over 2 decades between study initiation and insomnia determination were different for the persistent, intermittent, and never insomnia groups. The results were adjusted for confounders such as age, sex, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, and sedatives. RESULTS Of the 1409 adult participants, 249 (18%) had intermittent and 128 (9%) had persistent insomnia. During a 20-year follow-up period, 318 participants died (118 due to cardiopulmonary disease). In adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models, participants with persistent insomnia (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.45) but not intermittent insomnia (HR 1.22; 95% CI, 0.86-1.74) were more likely to die than participants without insomnia. Serum CRP levels were higher and increased at a steeper rate in subjects with persistent insomnia as compared with intermittent (P = .04) or never (P = .004) insomnia. Although CRP levels were themselves associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.82; P = .04), adjustment for CRP levels did not notably change the association between persistent insomnia and mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based cohort, persistent, and not intermittent, insomnia was associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality and was associated with a steeper increase in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.
| | | | - Marilyn Halonen
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Richard Bootzin
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson; Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson; CREAL Centre and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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286
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Fang Z, Ren YP, Lu CY, Li Y, Xu Q, Peng L, Fan YY. Effects of sleep deprivation on action potential and transient outward potassium current in ventricular myocytes in rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:542-9. [PMID: 25694200 PMCID: PMC4337472 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation contributes to the development and recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. However, the electrophysiological changes in ventricular myocytes in sleep deprivation are still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sleep deprivation was induced by modified multiple platform technique. Fifty rats were assigned to control and sleep deprivation 1, 3, 5, and 7 days groups, and single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically dissociated from rat hearts. Action potential duration (APD) and transient outward current (Ito) were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the phases of APD of ventricular myocytes in 3, 5, and 7 days groups were prolonged and APD at 20% and 50% level of repolarization (APD20 and APD50) was significantly elongated (The APD20 values of control, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days groups: 5.66±0.16 ms, 5.77±0.20 ms, 8.28±0.30 ms, 11.56±0.32 ms, 13.24±0.56 ms. The APD50 values: 50.66±2.16 ms, 52.77±3.20 ms, 65.28±5.30 ms, 83.56±7.32 ms, 89.24±5.56 ms. P<0.01, n=18). The current densities of Ito significantly decreased. The current density-voltage (I-V) curve of Ito was vitally suppressed downward. The steady-state inactivation curve and steady-state activation curve of Ito were shifted to left and right, respectively, in sleep deprivation rats. The inactivation recovery time of Ito was markedly retarded and the time of closed-state inactivation was markedly accelerated in 3, 5, and 7 days groups. CONCLUSIONS APD of ventricular myocytes in sleep deprivation rats was significantly prolonged, which could be attributed to decreased activation and accelerated inactivation of Ito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Peng Ren
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cai-Yi Lu
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Xu
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Peng
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Yan Fan
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, The General Hospital Of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
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287
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Carroll JE, Carrillo C, Olmstead R, Witarama T, Breen EC, Yokomizo M, Seeman TE, Irwin MR. Sleep deprivation and divergent toll-like receptor-4 activation of cellular inflammation in aging. Sleep 2015; 38:205-11. [PMID: 25325509 PMCID: PMC4288601 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbance and aging are associated with increases in inflammation, as well as increased risk of infectious disease. However, there is limited understanding of the role of sleep loss on age-related differences in immune responses. This study examines the effects of sleep deprivation on toll-like receptor activation of monocytic inflammation in younger compared to older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults (n = 70) who were categorized as younger (25-39 y old, n = 21) and older (60-84 y old, n = 49) participants, underwent a sleep laboratory-based experimental partial sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol including adaptation, an uninterrupted night of sleep, sleep deprivation (sleep restricted to 03:00-07:00), and recovery. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS Blood samples were obtained each morning to measure toll-like receptor-4 activation of monocyte intracellular production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Partial sleep deprivation induced a significant increase in the production of IL-6 and/or TNF-α that persisted after a night of recovery sleep (F(2,121.2) = 3.8, P < 0.05). Age moderated the effects of sleep loss, such that younger adults had an increase in inflammatory cytokine production that was not present in older adults (F(2,121.2) = 4.0, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Older adults exhibit reduced toll-like receptor 4 stimulated cellular inflammation that, unlike in younger adults, is not activated after a night of partial sleep loss. Whereas sleep loss increases cellular inflammation in younger adults and may contribute to inflammatory disorders, blunted toll-like receptor activation in older adults may increase the risk of infectious disease seen with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E. Carroll
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carmen Carrillo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Olmstead
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tuff Witarama
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth C. Breen
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Megumi Yokomizo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA
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288
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Hall MH, Smagula SF, Boudreau RM, Ayonayon HN, Goldman SE, Harris TB, Naydeck BL, Rubin SM, Samuelsson L, Satterfield S, Stone KL, Visser M, Newman AB. Association between sleep duration and mortality is mediated by markers of inflammation and health in older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Sleep 2015; 38:189-95. [PMID: 25348127 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Inflammation may represent a common physiological pathway linking both short and long sleep duration to mortality. We evaluated inflammatory markers as mediators of the relationship between sleep duration and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort with longitudinal follow-up for mortality outcomes. SETTING Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS Participants in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study (mean age 73.6 ± 2.9 years at baseline) were sampled and recruited from Medicare listings. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Baseline measures of subjective sleep duration, markers of inflammation (serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein) and health status were evaluated as predictors of all-cause mortality (average follow-up = 8.2 ± 2.3 years). Sleep duration was related to mortality, and age-, sex-, and race-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were highest for those with the shortest (< 6 h HR: 1.30, CI: 1.05-1.61) and longest (> 8 h HR: 1.49, CI: 1.15-1.93) sleep durations. Adjustment for inflammatory markers and health status attenuated the HR for short (< 6 h) sleepers (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.83-1.34). Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted HRs for the > 8-h sleeper group were less strongly attenuated by adjustment for inflammatory markers than by other health factors associated with poor sleep with adjusted HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.93-1.63. Inflammatory markers remained significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION Inflammatory markers, lifestyle, and health status explained mortality risk associated with short sleep, while the mortality risk associated with long sleep was explained predominantly by lifestyle and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martica H Hall
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen F Smagula
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hilsa N Ayonayon
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Suzanne E Goldman
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara L Naydeck
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Susan M Rubin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Samuelsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Katie L Stone
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Institute of Health Sciences, VU University Medical Center and EMGO Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne B Newman
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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289
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Sleep habits and diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:263-271. [PMID: 25623152 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep duration has been constantly decreasing over the past 50 years. Short sleep duration, sleep quality and, recently, long sleep duration have all been linked to poor health outcomes, increasing the risk of developing metabolic diseases and cardiovascular events. Beyond the duration of sleep, the timing of sleep may also have consequences. Having a tendency to go early to bed (early chronotype) compared with the habit of going to bed later (late chronotype) can interfere considerably with social schedules (school, work). Eventually, a misalignment arises in sleep timing between work days and free days that has been described as 'social jet lag'. The present review looks at how different sleep habits can interfere with diabetes, excluding sleep breathing disorders, and successively looks at the effects of sleep duration, chronotype and social jet lag on the risk of developing diabetes as well as on the metabolic control of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Finally, this review addresses the current state of knowledge of physiological mechanisms that could be linking sleep habits and metabolic health.
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290
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Abstract
Sleep has numerous important physiological and cognitive functions that may be particularly important to elite athletes. Recent evidence, as well as anecdotal information, suggests that athletes may experience a reduced quality and/or quantity of sleep. Sleep deprivation can have significant effects on athletic performance, especially submaximal, prolonged exercise. Compromised sleep may also influence learning, memory, cognition, pain perception, immunity and inflammation. Furthermore, changes in glucose metabolism and neuroendocrine function as a result of chronic, partial sleep deprivation may result in alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, appetite, food intake and protein synthesis. These factors can ultimately have a negative influence on an athlete’s nutritional, metabolic and endocrine status and hence potentially reduce athletic performance. Research has identified a number of neurotransmitters associated with the sleep–wake cycle. These include serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, cholinergic, galanin, noradrenaline, and histamine. Therefore, nutritional interventions that may act on these neurotransmitters in the brain may also influence sleep. Carbohydrate, tryptophan, valerian, melatonin and other nutritional interventions have been investigated as possible sleep inducers and represent promising potential interventions. In this review, the factors influencing sleep quality and quantity in athletic populations are examined and the potential impact of nutritional interventions is considered. While there is some research investigating the effects of nutritional interventions on sleep, future research may highlight the importance of nutritional and dietary interventions to enhance sleep.
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291
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Leng Y, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Wainwright NWJ, Cappuccio FP, Surtees PG, Luben R, Brayne C, Khaw KT. Daytime napping, sleep duration and serum C reactive protein: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006071. [PMID: 25387759 PMCID: PMC4244397 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether daytime napping and sleep duration are linked to serum C reactive protein (CRP), a pro-inflammatory marker, in an older aged British population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5018 men and women aged 48-92 years reported their sleep habits and had serum CRP levels measured. OUTCOME AND MEASURES CRP was measured (mg/L) during 2006-2011 in fresh blood samples using high-sensitivity methods. Participants reported napping habits during 2002-2004, and reported sleep quantity during 2006-2007. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between napping and log-transformed CRP, and geometric mean CRP levels were calculated. RESULTS After adjustment for age and sex, those who reported napping had 10% higher CRP levels compared with those not napping. The association was attenuated but remained borderline significant (β=0.05 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.10)) after further adjustment for social class, education, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, self-reported health, pre-existing diseases, systolic blood pressure, hypnotic drug use, depression and in women-only hormone replacement therapy use. The geometric means (95% CI) of CRP levels were 2.38 (2.29 to 2.47) mg/L and 2.26 (2.21 to 2.32) mg/L for those who reported napping and no napping, respectively. A U-shaped association was observed between time spent in bed at night and CRP levels, and nighttime sleep duration was not associated with serum CRP levels. The association between napping and CRP was stronger for older participants, and among extremes of time spent in bed at night. CONCLUSIONS Daytime napping was associated with increased CRP levels in an older aged British population. Further studies are needed to determine whether daytime napping is a cause for systemic inflammation, or if it is a symptom or consequence of underlying health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick W J Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul G Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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292
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Meltzer LJ, Moreno JP, Johnston CA. Sleep Is Not for Slackers. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827614545314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient sleep is as important as healthy eating and regular exercise to maintain a healthy lifestyle. However, many individuals do not obtain enough sleep or follow healthy sleep hygiene recommendations. The interaction of both biological and behavioral factors may affect sleep. Recommendations of healthy sleep habits that may assist in improving sleep quality and quantity are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennette P. Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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293
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Lo JC, Loh KK, Zheng H, Sim SKY, Chee MWL. Sleep duration and age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive performance. Sleep 2014; 37:1171-8. [PMID: 25061245 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of sleep duration and quality to age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive performance in relatively healthy older adults. DESIGN Community-based longitudinal brain and cognitive aging study using a convenience sample. SETTING Participants were studied in a research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Relatively healthy adults aged 55 y and older at study commencement. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessment every 2 y. Subjective assessments of sleep duration and quality and blood samples were obtained. Each hour of reduced sleep duration at baseline augmented the annual expansion rate of the ventricles by 0.59% (P = 0.007) and the annual decline rate in global cognitive performance by 0.67% (P = 0.050) in the subsequent 2 y after controlling for the effects of age, sex, education, and body mass index. In contrast, global sleep quality at baseline did not modulate either brain or cognitive aging. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation, showed no correlation with baseline sleep duration, brain structure, or cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS In healthy older adults, short sleep duration is associated with greater age-related brain atrophy and cognitive decline. These associations are not associated with elevated inflammatory responses among short sleepers. CITATION Lo JC, Loh KK, Zheng H, Sim SK, Chee MW. Sleep duration and age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- June C Lo
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kep Kee Loh
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hui Zheng
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sam K Y Sim
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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294
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Makay B, Kiliçaslan SK, Anik A, Bora E, Bozkaya Ö, Çankaya T, Ünsal E. Assessment of sleep problems in children with familial Mediterranean fever. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 20:2106-2112. [PMID: 24641439 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate sleep patterns, sleep disturbances and possible factors that are associated with sleep disturbances among children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with FMF and 84 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The patients who had an attack during the last 2 weeks were not included. Demographic data, FMF symptoms, disease duration, dose of colchicine, disease severity score, number of attacks in the last year, MEFV mutation and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded for each patient. A Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was performed. RESULTS The total sleep scores of the patients with FMF were significantly higher than the control group. Total sleep durations were similar between FMF patients and controls. Children with FMF had significantly higher scores regarding sleep-onset delay, sleep anxiety, night wakings and sleep-disordered breathing when compared to healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between number of attacks in the last year and sleep onset delay, night wakings and sleep disordered-breathing. Disease severity score and CRP levels were not associated with any of the subscale scores. The patients with exertional leg pain had significantly higher total sleep scores than the ones without. Furthermore, patients with exertional leg pain had significantly higher subscale scores regarding sleep onset delay, parasomnias and sleep-disordered breathing. CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that children with FMF had more sleep disturbances than their healthy peers. Higher numbers of attacks and exertional leg pain were associated with poor sleep quality. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to assess and manage sleep problems in children with FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balahan Makay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turley
| | | | | | - Elçin Bora
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erbil Ünsal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turley
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295
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Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Interactions between sleep, circadian function, and glucose metabolism: implications for risk and severity of diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1311:151-73. [PMID: 24628249 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, including sleep insufficiency and sleep fragmentation, have been linked to abnormal glucose metabolism and increased diabetes risk. Well-controlled laboratory studies have provided insights regarding the underlying mechanisms. Several large prospective studies suggest that these sleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Obstructive sleep apnea, which combines sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and possibly diabetes. Whether glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients can be improved by treating sleep apnea remains controversial. Recently, sleep disturbances during pregnancy and their relationship to gestational diabetes and hyperglycemia have received considerable attention owing to potential adverse effects on maternal and fetal health. Additionally, evidence from animal models has identified disruption of the circadian system as a putative risk factor for adverse metabolic outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current state of knowledge linking sleep disturbances, circadian dysfunction, and glucose metabolism. Experimental, prospective, and interventional studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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296
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Dzierzewski JM, Fung CH, Jouldjian S, Alessi CA, Irwin MR, Martin JL. Decrease in Daytime Sleeping Is Associated with Improvement in Cognition After Hospital Discharge in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:47-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Dzierzewski
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare; Los Angeles California
- David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Constance H. Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare; Los Angeles California
- David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Stella Jouldjian
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare; Los Angeles California
| | - Cathy A. Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare; Los Angeles California
- David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare; Los Angeles California
- David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
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297
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Cribbet MR, Carlisle M, Cawthon RM, Uchino BN, Williams PG, Smith TW, Gunn HE, Light KC. Cellular aging and restorative processes: subjective sleep quality and duration moderate the association between age and telomere length in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Sleep 2014; 37:65-70. [PMID: 24470696 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine whether subjective sleep quality and sleep duration moderate the association between age and telomere length (TL). DESIGN Participants completed a demographic and sleep quality questionnaire, followed by a blood draw. SETTING Social Neuroscience Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty-four middle-aged to older adults (age 45-77 y) participated. Participants were excluded if they were on immunosuppressive treatment and/or had a disease with a clear immunologic (e.g., cancer) component. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjective sleep quality and sleep duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and TL was determined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). There was a significant first-order negative association between age and TL. Age was also negatively associated with the self-reported sleep quality item and sleep duration component of the PSQI. A significant age × self-reported sleep quality interaction revealed that age was more strongly related to TL among poor sleepers, and that good sleep quality attenuated the association between age and TL. Moreover, adequate subjective sleep duration among older adults (i.e. greater than 7 h per night) was associated with TL comparable to that in middle-aged adults, whereas sleep duration was unrelated to TL for the middle-aged adults in our study. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides evidence for an association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and cellular aging. Among older adults, better subjective sleep quality was associated with the extent of cellular aging, suggesting that sleep duration and sleep quality may be added to a growing list of modifiable behaviors associated with the adverse effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Cribbet
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - McKenzie Carlisle
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paula G Williams
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Heather E Gunn
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kathleen C Light
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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298
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Prather AA, Puterman E, Epel ES, Dhabhar FS. Poor sleep quality potentiates stress-induced cytokine reactivity in postmenopausal women with high visceral abdominal adiposity. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 35:155-62. [PMID: 24060585 PMCID: PMC3962521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a key behavioral risk factor for chronic medical conditions observed at high rates among overweight and obese individuals. Systemic inflammation, including that induced by stress, may serve as a common biological mechanism linking sleep, adiposity, and disease risk. To investigate these relationships, 48 postmenopausal women (mean age=61.8) completed a standardized laboratory stress task during which time blood was collected at baseline and 30, 50 and 90+ min after stressor onset to assess circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-6/IL-10 ratio. Self-reported global sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) while adiposity was estimated by body mass index. Sagittal diameter was obtained in clinic to estimate visceral abdominal adiposity. Multi-level growth curve models revealed that poorer self-reported sleep quality was associated with greater stress-induced increases in IL-6/IL-10 ratio. In terms of adiposity, higher sagittal diameter, but not BMI, was associated with greater IL-6 reactivity (p's<0.05). Further, associations between sleep quality and cytokine reactivity varied as a function of sagittal diameter. Among poor sleepers (1 SD above mean of PSQI score), stress-induced increases in IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were significantly steeper in those with high visceral adiposity (1 SD above the mean of sagittal diameter) compared to those with low visceral adiposity (1 SD below the mean of sagittal diameter). In sum, poorer sleep quality and greater visceral adiposity, separately and especially in combination, are associated with greater stress-related increases in systemic inflammation. This research may help elucidate the complex link between sleep, obesity and inflammatory disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco,Corresponding Authors: Aric A. Prather, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, (415) 476-7758, Firdaus S. Dhabhar, PhD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 259 Campus Drive, MC 5135, Stanford, CA 94305-5135, (650) 736-8565
| | - Eli Puterman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco,Corresponding Authors: Aric A. Prather, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, (415) 476-7758, Firdaus S. Dhabhar, PhD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 259 Campus Drive, MC 5135, Stanford, CA 94305-5135, (650) 736-8565
| | - Firdaus S. Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection,Cancer Center, Stanford University,Corresponding Authors: Aric A. Prather, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, (415) 476-7758, Firdaus S. Dhabhar, PhD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 259 Campus Drive, MC 5135, Stanford, CA 94305-5135, (650) 736-8565
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299
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Machado RM, Koike MK. Circadian rhythm, sleep pattern, and metabolic consequences: an overview on cardiovascular risk factors. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 18:47-52. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSleep duration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alteration in sleep pattern can induce the loss of circadian rhythmicity. Chronically, this desynchronization between endogenous rhythm and behavioral cycles can lead to an adverse metabolic profile, a proinflammatory condition and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The circadian cycle can vary due to environmental cues. The circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei; this central clock coordinates the circadian rhythm in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The mechanisms involved in sleep disturbance, circadian misalignment and adverse metabolic effects have yet to be fully elucidated. This review looks over the association among sleep alteration, circadian rhythm and the development of risk factors implicated in cardiovascular disease.
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300
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Watson NF, Buchwald D, Harden KP. A twin study of genetic influences on diurnal preference and risk for alcohol use outcomes. J Clin Sleep Med 2013; 9:1333-9. [PMID: 24340296 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The population-based University of Washington Twin Registry (UWTR) was used to examine (1) genetic influences on chronobiology and (2) whether these genetic factors influence alcohol-use phenotypes. METHODS We used a reduced Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) to survey UWTR participants for diurnal preference. Frequency and quantity of alcohol use, as well as binge drinking (6+ drinks per occasion), were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Both diurnal preference and alcohol use were self-reported. Twin data were analyzed by using structural equation models. RESULTS The sample consisted of 2,945 participants (mean age = 36.4 years), including 1,127 same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs and 691 individual twins. The rMEQ range was 4-25, with a mean score of 15.3 (SD 4.0). Diurnal "morning types" comprised 30.7% (N = 903) of participants, while 17.4% (N = 513) were "evening types." Regarding alcohol use, 21.2% (N = 624) reported never drinking. Among drinkers, 35.7% (N = 829) reported ≥ 3 drinks per occasion and 48.1% (N = 1,116) reported at least one instance of binge drinking. Genetic influences accounted for 37% of the variance in diurnal preference, with the remaining 63% due to non-shared environmental influences. Genetic propensities toward diurnal eveningness were significantly associated with increased alcohol quantity (β = -0.17; SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and increased binge drinking (β = -0.19; SE = 0.04, p < 0.001), but not with frequency of alcohol use. Environmental paths between diurnal preference and alcohol use phenotypes were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic influences on diurnal preference confer elevated risk for problematic alcohol use, including increased quantity and binge drinking. Differences in circadian rhythm may be an important and understudied pathway of risk for genetic influences on alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA
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