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Amini P, Okeme JO. Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:340-355. [PMID: 38967858 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposures to hazardous chemicals have been linked to many detrimental health effects and it is therefore critical to have effective biomonitoring methods to better evaluate key environmental exposures that increase the risk of chronic disease and death. Traditional biomonitoring utilizing blood and urine is limited due to the specialized skills and invasiveness of collecting these fluid samples. This systematic review focuses on tear fluid, which is largely under-researched, as a promising complementary matrix to the traditional fluids used for biomonitoring. The objective is to evaluate the practicability of using human tear fluid for biomonitoring environmental exposures, highlighting potential pitfalls and opportunities. RECENT FINDING Tear fluid biomonitoring represents a promising method for assessing exposures because it can be collected with minimal invasiveness and tears contain exposure markers from both the external and internal environments. Tear fluid uniquely interfaces with the external environment at the air-tear interface, providing a surface for airborne chemicals to diffuse into the ocular environment and interact with biomolecules. Tear fluid also contains molecules from the internal environment that have travelled from the blood to tears by crossing the blood-tear barrier. This review demonstrates that tear fluid can be used to identify hazardous chemicals from the external environment and differentiate exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parshawn Amini
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joseph O Okeme
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Cichowicz R, Dobrzański M. Air quality in a revitalized special economic zone at the center of an urban monocentric agglomeration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15503. [PMID: 38969703 PMCID: PMC11226688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have examined the air quality within a revitalized, post-industrial urban area in Łódź, Poland. The use of Dron technology with mobile measurement equipment allowed for accurate assessment of air quality (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants) and factors influencing air quality (wind speed and direction) on a local scale in an area of 0.18 km2 and altitudes from 2 to 50 m. The results show that the revitalization carried out in the Lodz special economic zone area contributed to eliminate internal air pollution emitters through the use of ecological and effective heat sources. The exceedances permissible concentration values were local, and concerned mainly the higher measurement zones of the troposphere (more than 30 m above ground level). In the case of gaseous pollutants, higher wind speeds were associated with a decrease in the concentration of SO2 and an increase in H2S concentration. In both cases, the wind contributed to the occurrence of local areas of accumulation of these gaseous pollutants in the spaces between buildings or wooded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cichowicz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maciej Dobrzański
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Sotnikova TI, Tazina SI, Morozova GD, Guo X, Zhang F, Nekhoroshev SV, Ning Y, Tinkov AA. Estimation of Hair Toxic and Essential Trace Element and Mineral Profiles of Patients with Chronic Gout. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04273-7. [PMID: 38907829 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate hair levels of toxic and essential trace elements and minerals in male and female patients with chronic gout. A total of 223 examinees aged from 27 to 82 years old including 116 healthy controls (64 women and 52 men) and 107 patients with gout (56 women and 51 men) were enrolled in the current cross-sectional study. Analysis of hair toxic and essential trace element and mineral content was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The obtained data demonstrate that hair B, Fe, I, and Mo levels in gout patients were 67%, 8%, 46%, and 21% higher in comparison to the respective control values. Hair Cr and V content in patients was more than twofold higher than in the controls. Hair Mg and Zn levels were found to be 34% and 11% lower when compared to the respective control values. Hair toxic metal and metalloid content was also significantly affected in gout patients. Specifically, hair Al, As, and Pb levels were 24%, 43%, and 33% higher in gout patients than in healthy controls, respectively. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that sex also had a significant influence on hair trace element and mineral levels in gout patients. Specifically, gout-associated overaccumulation of hair trace elements including was more profound in male than in female patients. It is assumed that trace element dysregulation may contribute to gout development and progression, especially in men. However, further studies are required to elucidate this association and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital N. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima Ia Tazina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Galina D Morozova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | | | - Yujie Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, Moscow, 119146, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
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de Castro KR, Almeida GHDR, Matsuda M, de Paula Vieira R, Martins MG, Rici REG, Saldiva PHN, Veras MM. Exposure to urban ambient particles (PM2.5) before pregnancy affects the expression of endometrial receptive markers to embryo implantation in mice: Preliminary results. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102368. [PMID: 38583225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution (AP) is one of the main recent concerns in reproductive healthy due to its potential to promote negative outcomes during pregnancy and male and female fertility. Several studies have demonstrated that AP exposure has been linked to increased embryonic implantation failures, alterations in embryonic, fetal and placental development. For a well-succeeded implantation, both competent blastocyst and receptive endometrium are required. Based on the lack of data about the effect of AP in endometrial receptivity, this study aimed to evaluate he particulate matter (PM) exposure impact on uterine receptive markers in mice and associate the alterations to increased implantation failures due to AP. For this study, ten dams per group were exposed for 39 days to either filter (F) or polluted air (CAP). At fourth gestational day (GD4), females were euthanized. Morphological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of uterine and ovarian samples were performed. CAP-exposed females presented a reduced number of corpus luteum; glands and epithelial cells were increased with pinopodes formation impairment. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased LIF protein levels. These preliminary data suggests that PM exposure may exert negative effects on endometrial receptivity by affecting crucial parameters to embryonic implantation as uterine morphological differentiation, corpus luteum quantity and LIF expression during implantation window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ribeiro de Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Matsuda
- Division of Ophthalmology and Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM33), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás -UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Marco Garcia Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rose Eli Grassi Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Vicente ED, Figueiredo D, Alves C. Toxicity of particulate emissions from residential biomass combustion: An overview of in vitro studies using cell models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171999. [PMID: 38554951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to critically review the current state of knowledge on in vitro toxicological assessments of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems. The review covers various aspects of particulate matter (PM) toxicity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity, all of which have important implications for understanding the development of diseases. Studies in this field have highlighted the different mechanisms that biomass combustion particles activate, which vary depending on the combustion appliances and fuels. In general, particles from conventional combustion appliances are more potent in inducing cytotoxicity, DNA damage, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress than those from modern appliances. The sensitivity of different cell lines to the toxic effects of biomass combustion particles is also influenced by cell type and culture conditions. One of the main challenges in this field is the considerable variation in sampling strategies, sample processing, experimental conditions, assays, and extraction techniques used in biomass burning PM studies. Advanced culture systems, such as co-cultures and air-liquid interface exposures, can provide more accurate insights into the effects of biomass combustion particles compared to simpler submerged monocultures. This review provides critical insights into the complex field of toxicity from residential biomass combustion emissions, underscoring the importance of continued research and standardisation of methodologies to better understand the associated health hazards and to inform targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Vicente
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Figueiredo
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Undi GSNVKSNS, Ramya CB, Sola S, Kanniganti R, Shinde K. Pulsed radio wave as a sustainable control technology to improve indoor air quality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10858. [PMID: 38740847 PMCID: PMC11091201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for technologies that can clean the air indoors has grown in pace with the rise in outside pollution. Maintaining interior environment adaptability requires a permanent air purification system that may be utilized to control PM2.5/10. In addition to more traditional methods of air purification, developing advanced control systems that effectively reduce PM levels sustainably is necessary. Pulsed radio waves may expedite the dry deposition of particles having aerodynamic dimensions of less than 30 µm. The charging and coagulation processes are evaluated in an indoor restricted environment. Experimental results reveal a similar pattern to the Monte Carlo models. Distribution of charge due to the nature of the charging environment increases the coagulation rate. Contained experimental testing confirms the filtering system functions as expected, corroborated by the present research. Daily average levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowered by between 55 and 41% according to a study done in three indoor settings using the control technology. Research conducted throughout all seasons showed that the approach was consistently efficient in reducing PM2.5/10. It was shown that PM concentrations could be lowered by around 45 percent using pulse radio wave technology, leading to this conclusion. The use of electromagnetic waves (EM waves) to eliminate air pollution has been suggested as a radical new approach. Considering the limitations of already used strategies, this is of paramount significance while considering solutions to control air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S N V K S N Swamy Undi
- Research and Development Group, Devic Earth Private Limited, First Floor Sai Lakshmi Industries, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560067, India.
| | - Cheramangalath Balan Ramya
- Research and Development Group, Devic Earth Private Limited, First Floor Sai Lakshmi Industries, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560067, India
| | - Srikanth Sola
- Research and Development Group, Devic Earth Private Limited, First Floor Sai Lakshmi Industries, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560067, India
| | - Radhica Kanniganti
- Research and Development Group, Devic Earth Private Limited, First Floor Sai Lakshmi Industries, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560067, India
| | - Kiran Shinde
- Research and Development Group, Devic Earth Private Limited, First Floor Sai Lakshmi Industries, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560067, India
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Khan RN, Saporito AF, Zenon J, Goodman L, Zelikoff JT. Traffic-related air pollution in marginalized neighborhoods: a community perspective. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:343-354. [PMID: 38618680 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2331259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marginalized communities are exposed to higher levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) than the general population. TRAP exposure is linked to pulmonary toxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity often through mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Early life exposure to TRAP is also implicated in higher rates of asthma in these same communities. There is a critical need for additional epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies to define the health risks of TRAP exposure affecting the most vulnerable groups to set strict, protective air pollution standards in these communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted to summarize recent findings (2010-2024) concerning TRAP exposure and toxic mechanisms that are relevant to the most affected underserved communities. CONCLUSIONS Guided by the perspectives of NYC community scientists, this contemporary review of toxicological and epidemiological studies considers how the exposome could lead to disproportionate exposures and health effects in underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahanna N Khan
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio F Saporito
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jania Zenon
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Boccia P, Mondellini S, Mauro S, Zanellato M, Parolini M, Sturchio E. Potential Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Microplastics: An Overview of Air Contamination. TOXICS 2024; 12:320. [PMID: 38787098 PMCID: PMC11125735 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now ubiquitous environmental contaminants that lead to unavoidable human exposure; they have received increasing attention in recent years and have become an emerging area of research. The greatest concern is the negative impacts of MPs on marine, fresh-water, and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human health, to the extent that the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for increased research and standardized methods to assess exposure to MPs. Many countries and international organizations are implementing or proposing legislation in this regard. This review aims to summarize the current state of legislation, indoor and outdoor contamination, and potential human health risk due to exposure to airborne MPs, considering that occupational exposure to MPs is also becoming a growing area of concern. Even though research regarding MPs has continuously increased in the last twenty years, the effects of MPs on human health have been scarcely investigated, and toxicity studies are still limited and not directly comparable, due to the lack of standardized studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Boccia
- INAIL—Istituto Nazionale per L’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Dit, 38/40 Via Roberto Ferruzzi, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Simona Mondellini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Simona Mauro
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Miriam Zanellato
- INAIL—Istituto Nazionale per L’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Dit, 38/40 Via Roberto Ferruzzi, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Sturchio
- INAIL—Istituto Nazionale per L’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Dit, 38/40 Via Roberto Ferruzzi, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (E.S.)
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Evalen PS, Barnhardt EN, Ryu J, Stahlschmidt ZR. Toxicity of glyphosate to animals: A meta-analytical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123669. [PMID: 38460584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most commonly applied pesticide worldwide, and non-target organisms (e.g., animals) are now regularly exposed to GLY and GBHs due to the accumulation of these chemicals in many environments. Although GLY/GBH was previously considered to be non-toxic, growing evidence indicates that GLY/GBH negatively affects some animal taxa. However, there has been no systematic analysis quantifying its toxicity to animals. Therefore, we used a meta-analytical approach to determine whether there is a demonstrable effect of GLY/GBH toxicity across animals. We further addressed whether the effects of GLY/GBH vary due to (1) taxon (invertebrate vs. vertebrate), (2) habitat (aquatic vs. terrestrial), (3) type of biological response (behavior vs. physiology vs. survival), and (4) dosage or concentration of GLY/GBH. Using this approach, we also determined whether adjuvants (e.g., surfactants) in commercial formulations of GBHs increased toxicity for animals relative to exposure to GLY alone. We analyzed 1282 observations from 121 articles. We conclude that GLY is generally sub-lethally toxic for animals, particularly for animals in aquatic or marine habitats, and that toxicity did not exhibit dose-dependency. Yet, our analyses detected evidence for widespread publication bias so we encourage continued experimental investigations to better understand factors influencing GLY/GBH toxicity to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Evalen
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Ryu
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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Imdad S, Kim JH, So B, Jang J, Park J, Lim W, Lee YK, Shin WS, Hillyer T, Kang C. Effect of aerobic exercise and particulate matter exposure duration on the diversity of gut microbiota. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:137-151. [PMID: 38601060 PMCID: PMC11005883 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2338855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) can disrupt the gut microbiome, while exercise independently influences the gut microbiome by promoting beneficial bacteria. In this study, we analyzed changes in gut microbial diversity and composition in response to combined interventions of PM exposure and aerobic exercise, extending up to 12 weeks. This investigation was conducted using mice, categorized into five groups: control group (Con), exercise group (EXE), exercise group followed by 3-day exposure to PM (EXE + 3-day PM), particulate matter exposure (PM), and PM exposure with concurrent treadmill exercise (PME). Notably, the PM group exhibited markedly lower alpha diversity and richness compared to the Con group and our analysis of beta diversity revealed significant variations among the intervention groups. Members of the Lachnospiraceae family showed significant enhancement in the exercise intervention groups (EXE and PME) compared to the Con and PM groups. The biomarker Lactobacillus, Coriobacteraceae, and Anaerofustis were enriched in the EXE group, while Desulfovibrionaceae, Mucispirillum schaedleri, Lactococcus and Anaeroplasma were highly enriched in the PM group. Differential abundance analysis revealed that Paraprevotella, Bacteroides, and Blautia were less abundant in the 12-week PM exposure group than in the 3-day PM exposure group. Moreover, both the 3-day and 12-week PM exposure groups exhibited a reduced relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, SMB53, and Staphylococcus compared to non-PM exposure groups. These findings will help delineate the possible roles and associations of altered microbiota resulting from the studied interventions, paving the way for future mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jinhan Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Woo Shik Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Trae Hillyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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11
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Gunawan C, Fleming C, Irga PJ, Jien Wong R, Amal R, Torpy FR, Mojtaba Golzan S, McGrath KC. Neurodegenerative effects of air pollutant Particles: Biological mechanisms implicated for Early-Onset Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108512. [PMID: 38412566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs in 99% of all cases and can be influenced by air pollution such as diesel emissions and more recently, an iron oxide particle, magnetite, detected in the brains of AD patients. However, a mechanistic link between air pollutants and AD development remains elusive. AIM To study the development of AD-relevant pathological effects induced by air pollutant particle exposures and their mechanistic links, in wild-type and AD-predisposed models. METHODS C57BL/6 (n = 37) and APP/PS1 transgenic (n = 38) mice (age 13 weeks) were exposed to model pollutant iron-based particle (Fe0-Fe3O4, dTEM = 493 ± 133 nm), hydrocarbon-based diesel combustion particle (43 ± 9 nm) and magnetite (Fe3O4, 153 ± 43 nm) particles (66 µg/20 µL/third day) for 4 months, and were assessed for behavioural changes, neuronal cell loss, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, immune response and oxidative stress-biomarkers. Neuroblastoma SHSY5Y (differentiated) cells were exposed to the particles (100 μg/ml) for 24 h, with assessments on immune response biomarkers and reactive oxygen species generation. RESULTS Pollutant particle-exposure led to increased anxiety and stress levels in wild-type mice and short-term memory impairment in AD-prone mice. Neuronal cell loss was shown in the hippocampal and somatosensory cortex, with increased detection of Aβ plaque, the latter only in the AD-predisposed mice, with the wild-type not genetically disposed to form the plaque. The particle exposures however, increased AD-relevant immune system responses, including inflammation, in both strains of mice. Exposures also stimulated oxidative stress, although only observed in wild-type mice. The in vitro studies complemented the immune response and oxidative stress observations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the mechanistic links between inflammation and oxidative stress to pollutant particle-induced AD pathologies, with magnetite apparently inducing the most pathological effects. No exacerbation of the effects was observed in the AD-predisposed model when compared to the wild-type, indicating a particle-induced neurodegeneration that is independent of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Charlotte Fleming
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Irga
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roong Jien Wong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Bian X, Xia G, Xin JH, Jiang S, Ma K. Applications of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based nanostructured materials: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141076. [PMID: 38169200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
While polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has enjoyed widespread use, a large volume of plastic waste has also been produced as a result, which is detrimental to the environment. Traditional treatment of plastic waste, such as landfilling and incinerating waste, causes environmental pollution and poses risks to public health. Recycling PET waste into useful chemicals or upcycling the waste into high value-added materials can be remedies. This review first provides a brief introduction of the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of virgin PET. Then the conversion process of waste PET into high value-added materials for different applications are introduced. The conversion mechanisms (including degradation, recycling and upcycling) are detailed. The advanced applications of these upgraded materials in energy storage devices (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and microbial fuel cells), and for water treatment (to remove dyes, heavy metals, and antibiotics), environmental remediation (for air filtration, CO2 adsorption, and oil removal) and catalysis (to produce H2, photoreduce CO2, and remove toxic chemicals) are discussed at length. In general, this review details the exploration of advanced technologies for the transformation of waste PET into nanostructured materials for various applications, and provides insights into the role of high value-added waste products in sustainability and economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bian
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Xia
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - John H Xin
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shouxiang Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kaikai Ma
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Abdul-Rahman T, Roy P, Bliss ZSB, Mohammad A, Corriero AC, Patel NT, Wireko AA, Shaikh R, Faith OE, Arevalo-Rios ECE, Dupuis L, Ulusan S, Erbay MI, Cedeño MV, Sood A, Gupta R. The impact of air quality on cardiovascular health: A state of the art review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102174. [PMID: 37913932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health challenge, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and arrhythmias. Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5 and ultrafine particles (UFP), is a key contributor to the adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health. PM exposure can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in mediating these effects. PM exposure can also lead to hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction of air pollutants, leading to a decline in the incidence of heart attacks and premature deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the relationship between environmental air quality and cardiovascular health, elucidating the pathways through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system. It also emphasizes the need for increased awareness, collective efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution, and strategic policies for long-term air quality improvement to prevent the devastating effects of air pollution on global cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufik Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Poulami Roy
- Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, India
| | | | | | | | - Neal T Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Awuah Wireko
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Raheel Shaikh
- Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Léonie Dupuis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sebahat Ulusan
- Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | | | - Aayushi Sood
- Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA.
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14
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You YA, Park S, Kwon E, Kim YA, Hur YM, Lee GI, Kim SM, Song JM, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Na SH, Park MH, Bae JG, Cho GJ, Lee SJ. Maternal PM2.5 exposure is associated with preterm birth and gestational diabetes mellitus, and mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction in cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10565-10578. [PMID: 38200189 PMCID: PMC10850187 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes. To explore the mechanism, we performed mRNA sequencing of neonatal cord blood. From an ongoing prospective cohort, Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcome (APPO) study, 454 pregnant women from six centers between January 2021 and June 2022 were recruited. Individual PM2.5 exposure was calculated using a time-weighted average model. In the APPO study, age-matched cord blood samples from the High PM2.5 (˃15 ug/m3; n = 10) and Low PM2.5 (≤ 15 ug/m3; n = 30) groups were randomly selected for mRNA sequencing. After selecting genes with differential expression in the two groups (p-value < 0.05 and log2 fold change > 1.5), pathway enrichment analysis was performed, and the mitochondrial pathway was analyzed using MitoCarta3.0. The risk of preterm birth (PTB) increased with every 5 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the second trimester (odds ratio 1.391, p = 0.019) after adjusting for confounding variables. The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increased in the second (odds ratio 1.238, p = 0.041) and third trimester (odds ratio 1.290, p = 0.029), and entire pregnancy (odds ratio 1.295, p = 0.029). The mRNA-sequencing of cord blood showed that genes related to mitochondrial activity (FAM210B, KRT1, FOXO4, TRIM58, and FBXO7) and PTB-related genes (ADIPOR1, YBX1, OPTN, NFkB1, HBG2) were upregulated in the High PM2.5 group. In addition, exposure to high PM2.5 affected mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and proteins in the electron transport chain, a subunit of OXPHOS. These results suggest that exposure to high PM2.5 during pregnancy may increase the risk of PTB and GDM, and dysregulate PTB-related genes. Alterations in mitochondrial OXPHOS by high PM2.5 exposure may occur not only in preterm infants but also in normal newborns. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Kwon
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ah Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga In Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Song
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man S Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zumrut IB, Kale OA, Tetik YO, Baradan S. Mitigation strategies to reduce particulate matter concentrations in civil engineering laboratories. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12340-12350. [PMID: 38231331 PMCID: PMC10869401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the departments of civil engineering, many experiments are conducted in laboratories for educational and research purposes. Varying degrees of respirable dust are generated as the outcome of these experiments, which could cause harm to instructors' and students' health. This study is devised to highlight the importance of indoor air quality in university laboratories. As part of the research, four different particulate matter (PM) sizes (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, and PM10) were measured during specific experiments-sieve analysis, preparation of the concrete mixture, crushing aggregate by jaw crusher, dynamic triaxial compression test, sieve analysis of silt specimen, cleaning sieve by an air compressor, and proctor compaction test-being conducted periodically in the laboratories of civil engineering departments. The measured values are mainly high compared to indoor air quality standards. Mitigation strategies were applied to reduce indoor air PM levels in the three experiments that contained the highest PM levels. The results have shown that mitigation strategies applied as control measures could make a remarkable difference in protecting instructors and civil engineering students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozge Akboga Kale
- Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Ogunc Tetik
- Department of Civil Engineering, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Selim Baradan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Saleem A, Awan T, Akhtar MF. A comprehensive review on endocrine toxicity of gaseous components and particulate matter in smog. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1294205. [PMID: 38352708 PMCID: PMC10863453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1294205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Smog is a form of extreme air pollution which comprises of gases such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and carbon oxides, and solid particles including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Different types of smog include acidic, photochemical, and Polish. Smog and its constituents are hazardaous to human, animals, and plants. Smog leads to plethora of morbidities such as cancer, endocrine disruption, and respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. Smog components alter the activity of various hormones including thyroid, pituitary, gonads and adrenal hormones by altering regulatory genes, oxidation status and the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Furthermore, these toxicants are responsible for the development of metabolic disorders, teratogenicity, insulin resistance, infertility, and carcinogenicity of endocrine glands. Avoiding fossil fuel, using renewable sources of energy, and limiting gaseous discharge from industries can be helpful to avoid endocrine disruption and other toxicities of smog. This review focuses on the toxic implications of smog and its constituents on endocrine system, their toxicodynamics and preventive measures to avoid hazardous health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Awan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Adhikary M, Mal P, Saikia N. Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach. Environ Health 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38273338 PMCID: PMC10809452 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India is facing a burdensome public health challenge due to air pollution, with a particularly high burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children. To address this issue, our study aims to evaluate the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ARI incidence in young children in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study used PM2.5 data provided by the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Washington University to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and ARI incidence in 223,375 children sampled from the 2019-2021 Demographic Health Survey in India. We employed the generalized estimating equation and reported odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and quartiles of PM2.5 exposure. RESULTS Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels was associated with an increased odds of ARI (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19-1.27). A change from the first quartile of PM2.5 (2.5-34.4 µg/m3) to the second quartile (34.5-51.5 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a two-fold change (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.60-2.66) in the odds of developing ARI. Similarly, comparing the first quartile to the fourth quartile of PM2.5 exposure (78.3-128.9 µg/m3) resulted in an over four-fold increase in the odds of ARI (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 3.37-5.87). CONCLUSION Mitigation efforts must be continued implementing higher restrictions in India and to bring new interventions to ensure safe levels of air for reducing the burden of disease and mortality associated with air pollution in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Adhikary
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Piyasa Mal
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nandita Saikia
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Cristaldi A, Oliveri Conti G, Pellitteri R, La Cognata V, Copat C, Pulvirenti E, Grasso A, Fiore M, Cavallaro S, Dell'Albani P, Ferrante M. In vitro exposure to PM 2.5 of olfactory Ensheathing cells and SH-SY5Y cells and possible association with neurodegenerative processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117575. [PMID: 37925127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure represents a risk factor for the public health. PM2.5 is able to cross the blood-alveolar and blood-brain barriers and reach the brain through three routes: nasal olfactory pathway, nose-brain pathway, blood-brain barrier pathway. We evaluated the effect of PM2.5 to induce cytotoxicity and reduced viability on in vitro cultures of OECs (Olfactory Ensheathing Cells) and SH-SY5Y cells. PM2.5 samples were collected in the metropolitan area of Catania, and the gravimetric determination of PM2.5, characterization of 10 trace elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were carried out for each sample. PM2.5 extracts were exposed to cultures of OECs and SH-SY5Y cells for 24-48-72 h, and the cell viability assay (MTT) was evaluated. Assessment of mitochondrial and cytoskeleton damage, and the assessment of apoptotic process were performed in the samples that showed lower cell viability. We have found an annual average value of PM2.5 = 16.9 μg/m3 and a maximum value of PM2.5 = 27.6 μg/m3 during the winter season. PM2.5 samples collected during the winter season also showed higher concentrations of PAHs and trace elements. The MTT assay showed a reduction in cell viability for both OECs (44%, 62%, 64%) and SH-SY5Y cells (16%, 17%, 28%) after 24-48-72 h of PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, samples with lower cell viability showed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytotoxicity, and also impaired cellular integrity and induction of the apoptotic process after increased expression of vimentin and caspase-3 activity, respectively. These events are involved in neurodegenerative processes and could be triggered not only by the concentration and time of exposure to PM2.5, but also by the presence of trace elements and PAHs on the PM2.5 substrate. The identification of more sensitive cell lines could be the key to understanding how exposure to PM2.5 can contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cristaldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy; NANOMED: Research Center in Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- CNR-IRIB: National Research Council - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- CNR-IRIB: National Research Council - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Eloise Pulvirenti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- CNR-IRIB: National Research Council - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Dell'Albani
- CNR-IRIB: National Research Council - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy; ISDE: International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy; NANOMED: Research Center in Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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Ha JH, Lee BW, Yi DH, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Pak SW, Kim HY, Kim SH, Shin IS, Kim JC, Lee IC. Particulate matter-mediated oxidative stress induces airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction through TXNIP/NF-κB and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114201. [PMID: 38013002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is currently recognized as a serious aggravating factor of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on the respiratory system in BALB/c mice and NCI-H292 cells. PM (0, 2.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg) was administered to mice by intra-tracheal instillation for 7 days. After a 7 day-repeated treatment of PM, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines/cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and conducted pulmonary histology and functional test. We also investigated the role of TXNIP/NF-κB and SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in PM-induced airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. PM caused a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM-mediated oxidative stress down-regulated thioredoxin-1 and up-regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the lung tissue and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. PM suppressed sirtuin1 protein levels and increased p53 acetylation in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In addition, PM caused inflammatory cell infiltration and the thickening of alveolar walls by exacerbating the inflammatory response in the lung tissue. PM increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, phosphorylation of Smad3 and activation of α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1A2 in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In pulmonary function tests, PM exposure impaired pulmonary function resembling pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by increased resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, and resistance, elastance, and damping of lung tissues, whereas decreased compliance of the respiratory system, forced expired volume and forced vital capacity. Overall, PM-mediated oxidative stress caused airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction with pulmonary fibrosis via TXNIP pathway/NF-κB activation and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. The results of this study can provide fundamental data on the potential adverse effects and underlying mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM exposure as a public health concern. Due to the potential toxicity of PM, people with respiratory disease must be careful with PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Yi
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Smyth T, Jaspers I. Diesel exhaust particles induce polarization state-dependent functional and transcriptional changes in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L83-L97. [PMID: 38084400 PMCID: PMC11279754 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00085.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage populations exist on a spectrum between the proinflammatory M1 and proresolution M2 states and have demonstrated the ability to reprogram between them after exposure to opposing polarization stimuli. Particulate matter (PM) has been repeatedly linked to worsening morbidity and mortality following respiratory infections and has been demonstrated to modify macrophage function and polarization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a key component of airborne PM, would demonstrate polarization state-dependent effects on human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and whether DEP would modify macrophage reprogramming. CD14+CD16- monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy human volunteers and differentiated into macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Resulting macrophages were left unpolarized or polarized into the proresolution M2 state before being exposed to DEP, M1-polarizing conditions (IFN-γ and LPS), or both and tested for phagocytic function, secretory profile, gene expression patterns, and bioenergetic properties. Contrary to previous reports, we observed a mixed M1/M2 phenotype in reprogrammed M2 cells when considering the broader range of functional readouts. In addition, we determined that DEP exposure dampens phagocytic function in all polarization states while modifying bioenergetic properties in M1 macrophages preferentially. Together, these data suggest that DEP exposure of reprogrammed M2 macrophages results in a highly inflammatory, highly energetic subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to the poor health outcomes following PM exposure during respiratory infections.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We determined that reprogramming M2 macrophages in the presence of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) results in a highly inflammatory mixed M1/M2 phenotype. We also demonstrated that M1 macrophages are particularly vulnerable to particulate matter (PM) exposure as seen by dampened phagocytic function and modified bioenergetics. Our study suggests that PM causes reprogrammed M2 macrophages to become a highly energetic, highly secretory subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to negative health outcomes observed in humans after PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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21
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Kim HHR, Leschied JR, Noda SM, Sarma A, Pruthi S, Iyer RS. Planetary health: an imperative for pediatric radiology. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:20-26. [PMID: 37962606 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The global temperature has been increasing resulting in climate change. This negatively impacts planetary health that disproportionately affects the most vulnerable among us, especially children. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, flooding, and heatwaves, are becoming more frequent and severe, posing a significant threat to our patients' health, safety, and security. Concurrently, shifts in environmental exposures, including air pollution, allergens, pathogenic vectors, and microplastics, further exacerbate the risks faced by children. In this paper, we provide an overview of pediatric illnesses that are becoming more prevalent and severe because of extreme weather events, global temperature increases, and shifts in environmental exposures. As members of pediatric health care teams, it is crucial for pediatric radiologists to be knowledgeable about the impacts of climate change on our patients, and continue to advocate for safe, healthier environments for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H R Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, MA.7.220, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Jessica R Leschied
- Department of Radiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sakura M Noda
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, MA.7.220, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Asha Sarma
- Department of Radiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Department of Radiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ramesh S Iyer
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, MA.7.220, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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22
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López-Granero C, Polyanskaya L, Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Barrasa A, Aschner M, Alique M. Particulate Matter in Human Elderly: Higher Susceptibility to Cognitive Decline and Age-Related Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 38254635 PMCID: PMC10813119 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the significant impact of air quality, specifically particulate matter (PM), on cognitive decline and age-related diseases in the elderly. Despite established links to other pathologies, such as respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, there is a pressing need for increased attention to the association between air pollution and cognitive aging, given the rising prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. PM sources are from diverse origins, including industrial activities and combustion engines, categorized into PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine PM (UFPM), and emphasized health risks from both outdoor and indoor exposure. Long-term PM exposure, notably PM2.5, has correlated with declines in cognitive function, with a specific vulnerability observed in women. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored due to the interplay between them, PM exposure, and human aging, highlighting the crucial role of EVs, especially exosomes, in mediating the complex relationship between PM exposure and chronic diseases, particularly neurological disorders. To sum up, we have compiled the pieces of evidence that show the potential contribution of PM exposure to cognitive aging and the role of EVs in mediating PM-induced cognitive impairment, which presents a promising avenue for future research and development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, this review emphasizes the need for policy changes and increased public awareness to mitigate air pollution, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Leona Polyanskaya
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Angel Barrasa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Lee G, Ahn J, Park SM, Moon J, Park R, Sim MS, Choi H, Park J, Ahn JY. Sulfur isotope-based source apportionment and control mechanisms of PM 2.5 sulfate in Seoul, South Korea during winter and early spring (2017-2020). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167112. [PMID: 37717778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
High level of particulate matter (PM) concentrations are a major environmental concern in Seoul, South Korea, especially during winter and early spring. Sulfate is a major component of PM and induces severe environmental pollution, such as acid precipitation. Previous studies have used numerical models to constrain the relative contributions of domestic and trans-boundary sources to PM2.5 sulfate concentration in South Korea. Because of the scarce measurement result of δ34S for PM2.5 sulfate in South Korea, poorly defined δ34S value of domestic sulfur sources, and no application of sulfur isotope fractionation during sulfate formation in previous observation-based studies, source apportionment results conducted by model studies have not been corroborated from independent chemical observations. Here, we examined the δ34S of PM2.5 in Seoul and domestic sulfur sources, and considered the sulfur isotope fractionation for accurate source apportionment constraint. Accordingly, domestic and trans-boundary sulfur sources accounted for approximately (16-32) % and (68-84) % of the sulfate aerosols in Seoul, respectively, throughout the winter and early spring of 2017-2020. Air masses passing through north-eastern China had relatively low sulfate concentrations, enriched δ34S, and a low domestic source contribution. Those passing through south-eastern China had relatively a high sulfate concentrations, depleted δ34S, and high domestic source contribution. Furthermore, elevated PM2.5 sulfate concentrations (>10 μg m-3) were exclusively associated with a weak westerly wind speed of <3 m s-1. From December 2019 to March 2020, Seoul experienced relatively low levels of PM2.5 sulfate, which might be attributed to favorable weather conditions rather than the effects of COVID-19 containment measures. Our results demonstrate the potential use of δ34S for accurate source apportionment and for identifying the crucial role of regional air mass transport and meteorological conditions in PM2.5 sulfate concentration. Furthermore, the data provided can be essential for relevant studies and policy-making in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyoon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinho Ahn
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Myung Park
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seo, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jonghan Moon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Rokjin Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Sub Sim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hanna Choi
- Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seo, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Joon-Young Ahn
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seo, Incheon 22689, South Korea
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24
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Casella C, Kiles F, Urquhart C, Michaud DS, Kirwa K, Corlin L. Methylomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Correlates of Traffic-Related Air Pollution in the Context of Cardiorespiratory Health: A Systematic Review, Pathway Analysis, and Network Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:1014. [PMID: 38133415 PMCID: PMC10748071 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has attempted to characterize how traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) affects molecular and subclinical biological processes in ways that could lead to cardiorespiratory disease. To provide a streamlined synthesis of what is known about the multiple mechanisms through which TRAP could lead to cardiorespiratory pathology, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature relating TRAP exposure to methylomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers in adult populations. Using the 139 papers that met our inclusion criteria, we identified the omic biomarkers significantly associated with short- or long-term TRAP and used these biomarkers to conduct pathway and network analyses. We considered the evidence for TRAP-related associations with biological pathways involving lipid metabolism, cellular energy production, amino acid metabolism, inflammation and immunity, coagulation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress. Our analysis suggests that an integrated multi-omics approach may provide critical new insights into the ways TRAP could lead to adverse clinical outcomes. We advocate for efforts to build a more unified approach for characterizing the dynamic and complex biological processes linking TRAP exposure and subclinical and clinical disease and highlight contemporary challenges and opportunities associated with such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Casella
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Frances Kiles
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Catherine Urquhart
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.C.); (F.K.); (C.U.); (D.S.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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25
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Sheikh HA, Maher BA, Woods AW, Tung PY, Harrison RJ. Efficacy of green infrastructure in reducing exposure to local, traffic-related sources of airborne particulate matter (PM). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166598. [PMID: 37634712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
One aim of roadside green infrastructure (GI) is to mitigate exposure to local, traffic-generated pollutants. Here, we determine the efficacy of roadside GI in improving local air quality through the deposition and/or dispersion of airborne particulate matter (PM). PM was collected on both pumped air filters and on the leaves of a recently installed 'tredge' (trees managed as a head-high hedge) at an open road environment next to a primary school in Manchester, U.K. The magnetic properties of PM deposited on leaves and filters (size fractions PM10 and PM2.5) were deduced from hysteresis loops, first-order reversal curves (FORCs), and low-temperature remanence measurements. These were complemented with electron microscopy to identify changes in magnetic PM concentration downwind of the tredge/GI. We show that the tredge is permeable to airflow using a simple CO2 tracer experiment; hence, it allows interception and subsequent deposition of PM on its leaves. Magnetic loadings per m3 of air from filters (PM10 saturation magnetisation, Ms, at 5 K) were reduced by 40 % behind the tredge and a further 63 % in the playground; a total reduction of 78 % compared to roadside air. For the PM2.5 fraction, the reduction in magnetic loading behind the tredge was remarkable (82 %), reflecting efficient diffusional capture of sub-5 nm Fe-oxide particles by the tredge. Some direct mixing of roadside and playground air occurs at the back of the playground, caused by air flow over, and/or through gaps in, the slowly-permeable tredge. The magnetic loading on tredge leaves increased over successive days, capturing ~23 % of local, traffic-derived PM10. Using a heuristic two-dimensional turbulent mixing model, we assess the limited dispersion of PM < 22.5 μm induced by eddies in the tredge wake. This study demonstrates that PM deposition on leaves reduces exposure significantly in this school playground setting; hence, providing a cost-effective mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sheikh
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK.
| | - B A Maher
- Center for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - A W Woods
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - P Y Tung
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - R J Harrison
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK
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26
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Wang Y, Li Q, Luo Z, Zhao J, Lv Z, Deng Q, Liu J, Ezzati M, Baumgartner J, Liu H, He K. Ultra-high-resolution mapping of ambient fine particulate matter to estimate human exposure in Beijing. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 4:451. [PMID: 38130441 PMCID: PMC7615407 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the decreasing regional-transported levels, the health risk assessment derived from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become insufficient to reflect the contribution of local source heterogeneity to the exposure differences. Here, we combined the both ultra-high-resolution PM2.5 concentration with population distribution to provide the personal daily PM2.5 internal dose considering the indoor/outdoor exposure difference. A 30-m PM2.5 assimilating method was developed fusing multiple auxiliary predictors, achieving higher accuracy (R2 = 0.78-0.82) than the chemical transport model outputs without any post-simulation data-oriented enhancement (R2 = 0.31-0.64). Weekly difference was identified from hourly mobile signaling data in 30-m resolution population distribution. The population-weighted ambient PM2.5 concentrations range among districts but fail to reflect exposure differences. Derived from the indoor/outdoor ratio, the average indoor PM2.5 concentration was 26.5 μg/m3. The internal dose based on the assimilated indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration shows high exposure diversity among sub-groups, and the attributed mortality increased by 24.0% than the coarser unassimilated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyue Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaofeng Lv
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiuju Deng
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Majid Ezzati
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Huan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Letelier P, Saldías R, Loren P, Riquelme I, Guzmán N. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Link with Inflammation and Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16984. [PMID: 38069307 PMCID: PMC10707120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric air pollution containing volatile organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been shown to be a risk factor in the induction of lung inflammation and the initiation and progression of lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of ~20-22 nucleotides that regulate different physiological processes, and their altered expression is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions. Recent studies have shown that the regulation of gene expression of miRNAs can be affected in diseases associated with outdoor air pollution, meaning they could also be useful as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollution. In this article, we review the published evidence on miRNAs in relation to exposure to PAH pollution and discuss the possible mechanisms that may link these compounds with the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Letelier
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (R.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Rolando Saldías
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (R.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile;
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (R.S.); (N.G.)
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28
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Petkus AJ, Salminen LE, Wang X, Driscoll I, Millstein J, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Braskie MN, Thompson PM, Casanova R, Gatz M, Chui HC, Resnick SM, Kaufman JD, Rapp SR, Shumaker S, Younan D, Chen JC. Alzheimer's Related Neurodegeneration Mediates Air Pollution Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.29.23299144. [PMID: 38076972 PMCID: PMC10705654 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.23299144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution, especially particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is an important brain region subserving episodic memory that atrophies with age, during the Alzheimer's disease continuum, and is vulnerable to the effects of cerebrovascular disease. Despite the importance of air pollution it is unclear whether exposure leads to atrophy of the MTL and by what pathways. Here we conducted a longitudinal study examining associations between ambient air pollution exposure and MTL atrophy and whether putative air pollution exposure effects resembled Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration or cerebrovascular disease-related neurodegeneration. Participants included older women (n = 627; aged 71-87) who underwent two structural brain MRI scans (MRI-1: 2005-6; MRI-2: 2009-10) as part of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Regionalized universal kriging was used to estimate annual concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 at residential locations aggregated to 3-year averages prior to MRI-1. The outcome was 5-year standardized change in MTL volumes. Mediators included voxel-based MRI measures of the spatial pattern of neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores [AD-PS]) and whole-brain white matter small-vessel ischemic disease (WM-SVID) volume as a proxy of global cerebrovascular damage. Structural equation models were constructed to examine whether the associations between exposures with MTL atrophy were mediated by the initial level or concurrent change in AD-PS score or WM-SVID while adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical characteristics, and intracranial volume. Living in locations with higher PM2.5 (per interquartile range [IQR]=3.17μg/m3) or NO2 (per IQR=6.63ppb) was associated with greater MTL atrophy (βPM2.5 = -0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]=[-0.41,-0.18]; βNO2 =-0.12, 95%CI=[-0.23,-0.02]). Greater PM2.5 was associated with larger increases in AD-PS (βPM2.5 = 0.23, 95%CI=[0.12,0.33]) over time, which partially mediated associations with MTL atrophy (indirect effect= -0.10; 95%CI=[-0.15, -0.05]), explaining approximately 32% of the total effect. NO2 was positively associated with AD-PS at MRI-1 (βNO2=0.13, 95%CI=[0.03,0.24]), which partially mediated the association with MTL atrophy (indirect effect= -0.01, 95% CI=[-0.03,-0.001]). Global WM-SVID at MRI-1 or concurrent change were not significant mediators between exposures and MTL atrophy. Findings support the mediating role of Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration contributing to MTL atrophy associated with late-life exposures to air pollutants. Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration only partially explained associations between exposure and MTL atrophy suggesting the role of multiple neuropathological processes underlying air pollution neurotoxicity on brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Lauren E. Salminen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Ira Driscoll
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, United States
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, United States
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, United States
| | - Meredith N. Braskie
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, United States
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Susan M Resnick
- The Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, 20898, United States
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine (General Internal Medicine), and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina , 27101, United States
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, United States
| | - Sally Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, United States
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States
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29
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Lara S, Villanueva F, Cabañas B, Sagrario S, Aranda I, Soriano JA, Martin P. Determination of policyclic aromatic compounds, (PAH, nitro-PAH and oxy-PAH) in soot collected from a diesel engine operating with different fuels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165755. [PMID: 37499818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs and NPAHs)) present in the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of different soot samples has been carried out to determine the effect of soot-generation conditions on their composition and health effects. The soot samples were generated using a diesel engine bench powered by diesel (DS) and biodiesel (BS) fuels under different combustion conditions. To optimize the procedure, a surrogate soot (Printex-U) and a certified reference material (SRM1650b) were also tested. Different extraction methods were used to extract the PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs, and the Soxhlet technique using pyridine:acetic acid 1 % was found to be the most suitable procedure to extract the highest concentration (ng mg-1) and more types of PAHs and OPAHs from the soot. The results show that the PACs identified, and their concentrations, depend on the formation and collection conditions. The predominant compounds in all soot samples studied were fluorene (Flo), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla), pyrene (Pyr), 9-fluorenone (9Flo) and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10Anq). As such, the presence of these PACs in the atmosphere of urban and rural areas can mainly be attributed to the emissions from diesel vehicles. The percentage of OPAHs with respect to total PACs was highest in the soot generated from a biofuel. These oxidized compounds favor regeneration of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). The results also indicate that the carcinogenicity of the soot depends on the combustion conditions and type of fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lara
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F Villanueva
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de la Innovación 1, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - B Cabañas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Sagrario
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - I Aranda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J A Soriano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Instituto de Investigación Aplicada a la Industria Aeronáutica INAIA, Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial de Toledo. Real Fábrica de Armas, Edif. Sabatini, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - P Martin
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Fadel M, Courcot D, Delmaire G, Roussel G, Afif C, Ledoux F. Source apportionment of PM 2.5 oxidative potential in an East Mediterranean site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165843. [PMID: 37516168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 collected for almost a year in an urban area of the East Mediterranean. Two acellular assays, based on ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) depletion, were used to measure the OP. The results showed that the mean volume normalized OP-AAv value was 0.64 ± 0.29 nmol·min-1·m-3 and the mean OP-DTTv was 0.49 ± 0.26 nmol·min-1·m-3. Several approaches were adopted in this work to study the relationship between the species in PM2.5 (carbonaceous matter, water-soluble ions, major and trace elements, and organic compounds) or their sources and OP values. Spearman correlations revealed strong correlations of OP-AAv with carbonaceous subfractions as well as organic compounds while OP-DTTv seemed to be more correlated with elements emitted from different anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression method was used to estimate the contribution of PM2.5 sources, determined by a source-receptor model (Positive Matrix Factorization), to the OP values. The results showed that the sources that highly contribute to the PM2.5 mass (crustal dust and ammonium sulfate) were not the major sources contributing to the values of OP. Instead, 69 % of OP-AAv and 62 % of OP-DTTv values were explained by three local anthropogenic sources: Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) combustion from a power plant, biomass burning, and road traffic emissions. As for the seasonal variations, higher OP-AAv values were observed during winter compared to summer, while OP-DTTv did not show any significant differences between the two seasons. The contribution of biomass burning during winter was 33 and 34 times higher compared to summer for OP-AAv and OP-DTTv, respectively. On the other hand, higher contributions were observed for HFO combustion during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fadel
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Gilles Delmaire
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Gilles Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Charbel Afif
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
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Chen D, Billmire M, Loughner CP, Bredder A, French NHF, Kim HC, Loboda TV. Simulating spatio-temporal dynamics of surface PM 2.5 emitted from Alaskan wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165594. [PMID: 37467978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire is a major disturbance agent in Arctic boreal and tundra ecosystems that emits large quantities of atmospheric pollutants, including PM2.5. Under the substantial Arctic warming which is two to three times of global average, wildfire regimes in the high northern latitude regions are expected to intensify. This imposes a considerable threat to the health of the people residing in the Arctic regions. Alaska, as the northernmost state of the US, has a sizable rural population whose access to healthcare is greatly limited by a lack of transportation and telecommunication infrastructure and low accessibility. Unfortunately, there are only a few air quality monitoring stations across the state of Alaska, and the air quality of most remote Alaskan communities is not being systematically monitored, which hinders our understanding of the relationship between wildfire emissions and human health within these communities. Models simulating the dispersion of pollutants emitted by wildfires can be extremely valuable for providing spatially comprehensive air quality estimates in areas such as Alaska where the monitoring station network is sparse. In this study, we established a methodological framework that is based on an integration of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the Wildland Fire Emissions Inventory System (WFEIS), and the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Wildfire Date of Burning (WDoB) dataset, an Arctic-oriented fire product. Through our framework, daily gridded surface-level PM2.5 concentrations for the entire state of Alaska between 2001 and 2015 for which wildfires are responsible can be estimated. This product reveals the spatio-temporal patterns of the impacts of wildfires on the regional air quality in Alaska, which, in turn, offers a direct line of evidence indicating that wildfire is the dominant driver of PM2.5 concentrations over Alaska during the fire season. Additionally, it provides critical data inputs for research on understanding how wildfires affect human health which creates the basis for the development of effective and efficient mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Billmire
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Christopher P Loughner
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Allison Bredder
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Nancy H F French
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hyun Cheol Kim
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA; Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Tatiana V Loboda
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Siqueira HV, Bacalhau ET, Casacio L, Puchta E, Alves TA, Tadano YDS. Hybrid unorganized machines to estimate the number of hospital admissions caused by PM[Formula: see text] concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113175-113192. [PMID: 37855963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution levels exceeding the recommended limit can be the main cause of illnesses that affect human health, mainly diseases of the respiratory system. Consequently, this high exposure can impact public health management, given the increase in hospital admissions. One of the most influential air pollution parameters related to respiratory diseases is particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Thus, this paper proposes to estimate hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases caused by PM concentration with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 [Formula: see text]m (PM[Formula: see text]), using artificial neural networks. Three hybrid neural network models are developed by combining two architectures denoted unorganized machines: extreme learning machines and echo state networks. These models also comprise extension strategies that seek to improve the generalization capability and the variation in the nonlinear outputs. Case studies explore three cities' datasets from São Paulo state, Brazil: Cubatão, Campinas, and São Paulo, to assess the quality of the hospital admissions estimations obtained by applying the proposed models. Results demonstrate that the hybrid models outperform the previously developed standard approaches in several scenarios. An overall analysis shows that the hybrid models can be a suitable strategy considering the instance particularities, especially in large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valadares Siqueira
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering (PPGEP), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire Street, s/n, Ponta Grossa, 84017-220, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tadeu Bacalhau
- Pontal do Paraná Campus, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Beira-mar Av., 330, Pontal do Paraná, 83255-976, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Casacio
- Pontal do Paraná Campus, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Beira-mar Av., 330, Pontal do Paraná, 83255-976, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erickson Puchta
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering (PPGEP), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire Street, s/n, Ponta Grossa, 84017-220, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Antonini Alves
- Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering (PPGEM), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire Street, 330, Ponta Grossa, 84017-220, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yara de Souza Tadano
- Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering (PPGEM), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire Street, 330, Ponta Grossa, 84017-220, Paraná, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Urban Environmental Sustainability (PPGSAU), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado Street, 5000, Curitiba, 81280-340, Paraná, Brazil.
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Heo J, Lee J, Yoon M, Park D. Removal of Particulate Matter by a Non-Powered Brush Filter Using Electrostatic Forces. TOXICS 2023; 11:891. [PMID: 37999543 PMCID: PMC10674759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas, a major source of harmful particulate matter is generated by vehicles. In particular, bus stops, where people often stay for public transportation, generate high concentrations of particulate matter compared to the general atmosphere. In this study, a non-powered type brush filter that generates electrostatic force without using a separate power source was developed to manage the concentration of particulate matter exposed at bus stops, and the removal performance of particulate matter was evaluated. The dust collection performance of the non-motorized brush filter varied by material, with particle removal efficiencies of 82.1 ± 3.4, 76.1 ± 4.7, and 73.7 ± 4.5% for horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel, respectively. In conditions without the fan running to see the effect of airflow, the particle removal efficiency was relatively low at 58.2 ± 8.4, 53.6 ± 9.2, and 58.0 ± 7.3%. Then, to check the dust collection performance according to the density, the number of brushes was increased to densify the density, and the horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel brush filters showed a maximum dust collection performance of 89.6 ± 2.2, 88.3 ± 3.2, and 82.1 ± 3.8%, respectively. To determine the replacement cycle of the non-powered brush filter, the particulate removal performance was initially 88.0 ± 3.2% when five horse hair brushes were used. Over time, particulate matter tended to gradually decrease, but after a period of time, particulate matter tended to increase again. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the particulate matter removal performance using a brush filter that generates electrostatic force without a separate power source. This study's brush filter is expected to solve the maintenance problems caused by the purchase and frequent replacement of expensive HEPA filters that occur with existing abatement devices, and the ozone problems caused by abatement devices that use high voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Heo
- Environment Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon City 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minyoung Yoon
- Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon City 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Republic of Korea;
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Tilley E, Chilunga H, Kwangulero J, Schöbitz L, Vijay S, Heilgendorff H, Kalina M. "It is unbearable to breathe here": air quality, open incineration, and misinformation in Blantyre, Malawi. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242726. [PMID: 37905235 PMCID: PMC10613470 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blantyre, Malawi's Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), or Queen's, as it's known locally, is the country's largest public hospital. However, Queen's is not served by regular municipal waste collection. Rather, most hospital waste (infectious and non-infectious) is gathered by grounds staff and openly burned, in several constantly smouldering piles, sending up clouds of smoke. Speaking directly to an identified knowledge gap on air quality impacts linked to trash burning and the paucity of African urban dwellers' voices on air quality issues, this study employed a mixed-methods approach to both quantitatively measure the air quality around QECH, and to qualitatively investigate the perceived impacts amongst staff and caregivers. Low-cost sensors measuring particulate matter (PM) with particle sizes less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), expressed as the mass of PM per volume of air (μg PMx/m3 air) were recorded every 5 min at 8 locations across the QECH for 2 months. Qualitative data collection consisted of 56 interviews with patients, caregivers and hospital staff (including janitorial and maintenance staff, nurses, doctors, and administrators). Our results show that safe air quality thresholds are consistently exceeded across space and time and that the most problematic air quality surrounds the shelter for caregivers and those receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS. Moreover, staff and visitors are severely impacted by the poor air quality within the space, but feel powerless to make changes or address complaints. Waste management interventions are desperately needed lest the patients who arrive at Queen's leave with more health issues than the ones with which they arrived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tilley
- ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Global Health Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hope Chilunga
- Department of Environmental Health, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jonathan Kwangulero
- Department of Environmental Health, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Lars Schöbitz
- ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Global Health Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saloni Vijay
- ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Global Health Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Heilgendorff
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Marc Kalina
- ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Global Health Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Pan W, Wang M, Hu Y, Lian Z, Cheng H, Qin JJ, Wan J. The association between outdoor air pollution and body mass index, central obesity, and visceral adiposity index among middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide study in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1221325. [PMID: 37876545 PMCID: PMC10593432 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1221325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous animal studies have suggested that air pollution (AP) exposure may be a potential risk factor for obesity; however, there is limited epidemiological evidence available to describe the association of obesity with AP exposure. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 11,766 participants across mainland China in 2015. Obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). The space-time extremely randomized tree (STET) model was used to estimate the concentration of air pollutants, including SO2, NO2, O3, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, matched to participants' residential addresses. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the associations of obesity with outdoor AP exposure. Further stratified analysis was conducted to evaluate whether sociodemographics or lifestyles modified the effects. Results Increased AP exposure was statistically associated with increased odds of obesity. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of BMI-defined obesity were 1.21 (1.17, 1.26) for SO2, 1.33 (1.26, 1.40) for NO2, 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) for O3, 1.38 (1.29, 1.48) for PM1, 1.19 (1.15, 1.22) for PM2.5, and 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) for PM10 per 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration. Similar results were found for central obesity. Stratified analyses suggested that elderly participants experienced more adverse effects from all 6 air pollutants than middle-aged participants. Furthermore, notable multiplicative interactions were found between O3 exposure and females as well as second-hand smokers in BMI-defined obesity. Conclusions This study suggested that outdoor AP exposure had a significant association with the risk of obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Elderly individuals and women may be more vulnerable to AP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengqi Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haonan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Dong Fureng Institute of Economic and Social Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Casella C, Kiles F, Urquhart C, Michaud DS, Kirwa K, Corlin L. Methylomic, proteomic, and metabolomic correlates of traffic-related air pollution: A systematic review, pathway analysis, and network analysis relating traffic-related air pollution to subclinical and clinical cardiorespiratory outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.30.23296386. [PMID: 37873294 PMCID: PMC10592990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.23296386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has attempted to characterize how traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) affects molecular and subclinical biological processes in ways that could lead to cardiorespiratory disease. To provide a streamlined synthesis of what is known about the multiple mechanisms through which TRAP could lead cardiorespiratory pathology, we conducted a systematic review of the epidemiological literature relating TRAP exposure to methylomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers in adult populations. Using the 139 papers that met our inclusion criteria, we identified the omic biomarkers significantly associated with short- or long-term TRAP and used these biomarkers to conduct pathway and network analyses. We considered the evidence for TRAP-related associations with biological pathways involving lipid metabolism, cellular energy production, amino acid metabolism, inflammation and immunity, coagulation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress. Our analysis suggests that an integrated multi-omics approach may provide critical new insights into the ways TRAP could lead to adverse clinical outcomes. We advocate for efforts to build a more unified approach for characterizing the dynamic and complex biological processes linking TRAP exposure and subclinical and clinical disease, and highlight contemporary challenges and opportunities associated with such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Casella
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Frances Kiles
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Catherine Urquhart
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Yang X, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Ma W. Occupational health risk assessment of construction workers caused by particulate matter exposure on construction sites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20433. [PMID: 37822615 PMCID: PMC10562764 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction particulate matter is one of the main environmental impact factors in the construction process. Due to the lack of sufficient awareness and understanding of the potential health effects of particulate matter by project managers and construction workers, the on-site working environment has not been effectively improved for a long time, and construction workers have been exposed to high particulate matter concentration conditions for physical labor for a long time. The construction site is a special operation scene, and the source and diffusion of particulate matter are a complex physical change process, and the degree of damage to the health of construction workers is closely related to the exposure dose. Thus, suitable quantitative and evaluation methods need to be adopted. The current on-site particulate matter concentration control system lacks technical and data support and cannot support the needs of on-site environmental management. In this paper, three construction sites in different stages of construction in Shanghai were selected to measure the mass concentration of open source particulate matter, and on this basis, the emission factors of particulate matter in different operating areas were calculated. At foundation stage, the emission factor of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 are 0.0214 g/m2·h, 0.0067 g/m2·h, 0.0054 g/m2·h; at main structure stage, the emission factor of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 are 0.0136 g/m2·h, 0.0053 g/m2·h, 0.0041 g/m2·h; at installation and decoration stage, the emission factor of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 are 0.0165 g/m2·h, 0.0059 g/m2·h, 0.0043 g/m2·h. Using simulation software to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of particulate matter concentration at the site of the example project, it is found that workers engaged in pit bottom operation in the foundation stage, steel bar processing in the main structure stage, and plastering, masonry and putty workers in the installation and decoration stage are the people with the highest occupational health risk at the construction site. In this study, DALYs were used as a metric to monetize the health risks of particulate matter to workers in the field. Support scientific decision-making on particulate matter control at construction sites and improve the level of on-site occupational health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- China Construction Eighth Engineering Division, 200122, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Weichun Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai, 200433, China
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Mahdi Badami M, Tohidi R, Jalali Farahani V, Sioutas C. Size-segregated source identification of water-soluble and water-insoluble metals and trace elements of coarse and fine PM in central Los Angeles. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2023; 310:119984. [PMID: 37637474 PMCID: PMC10455048 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the water-solubility and sources of metals and trace elements in both fine and coarse particulate matter (PM) were investigated in Central Los Angeles. Sampling was performed in the winter, spring, and summer of 2022 at the Particle Instrumentation Unit (PIU) of the University of Southern California located in the proximity of I-110 freeway. Both fine and coarse PM samples were collected using Personal Cascade Impactors (PCIS) and chemically analyzed to determine their water-soluble and water-insoluble metal content. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used to determine the sources of soluble and insoluble metals and obtain their contributions to total metal concentration. Our results indicate that the water-solubility of most of the metals is higher in the fine size fraction compared to the coarse fraction. Seasonal variations in the water solubility of selected metals for both coarse and fine fractions were observed, with higher water-soluble metal concentrations in summer for several species (e.g., Fe , S, Pb, Cu, La, Ni, and Al ), possibly due to higher photochemical processing, while in winter, almost all species exhibited higher insoluble fraction concentrations. The PCA and MLR analyses results showed that tire and brake wear was the most significant contributor to the total metals for both fine soluble and insoluble portions, accounting for 35% and 75% of the total metals, respectively. Combustion sources also contributed substantially to water-soluble metals for fine and coarse size ranges, representing 40% and 32% of the total metal mass, respectively. In addition, mineral dust and soil and re-suspended dust were identified as the highest contributors to coarse metals. The MLR analysis also revealed that secondary aerosols contributed 11% to the fine water-soluble metals. Our results suggest that non-tailpipe emissions significantly contribute to both coarse and fine PM metals in the Central Los Angeles region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Badami
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Rathebe PC. Occupational exposure to silicon dioxide and prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in the cement manufacturing industries: A review. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231204316. [PMID: 37822998 PMCID: PMC10563475 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231204316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the association between occupational exposure to silicon dioxide and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in the cement manufacturing industries. Approximately 60 articles published from 2010 to 2021 were found and four independent reviewers extracted the data from each eligible study using PubMed, Google scholar etc. The following terms were used: exposure to cement dust, exposure to silicon dioxide etc. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered while searching for the studies. In this review, a total of 14 articles were included in this study. Chronic cough was the most prevalence exposure symptoms (OR 1.90; CI 9.90, 0.78), with wheezing reported to be the least experienced symptom (OR 1.34; CI 11.5, 0.50). Two studies reported exposure concentration ranging from 0.026 to 0.044 mg/m3, and 0.27 mg/m3 was also reported in one study. The FEV1 and FVC was lower in exposed workers when compared to the control group. Studies reported the crystalline silica quartz to be 21.5% in limestone, 22.5% in bauxite, 21.22% in clinker, and 21.22% in raw cement. Chronic cough, phlegm, wheezing, and shortness of breath or dyspnea was found to be significantly prevalence among workers, particularly cleaning personnel, in the cement manufacturing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoka C Rathebe
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vallée A. Sex Associations Between Air Pollution and Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determination. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606328. [PMID: 37841972 PMCID: PMC10569126 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex correlations of particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10), NO2 and NOx with ASCVD risk in the UK Biobank population. Methods: Among 285,045 participants, pollutants were assessed and correlations between ASCVD risk were stratified by sex and estimated using multiple linear and logistic regressions adjusted for length of time at residence, education, income, physical activity, Townsend deprivation, alcohol, smocking pack years, BMI and rural/urban zone. Results: Males presented higher ASCVD risk than females (8.63% vs. 2.65%, p < 0.001). In males PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx each were associated with an increased ASCVD risk >7.5% in the adjusted logistic models, with ORs [95% CI] for a 10 μg/m3 increase were 2.17 [1.87-2.52], 1.15 [1.06-1.24], 1.06 [1.04-1.08] and 1.05 [1.04-1.06], respectively. In females, the ORs for a 10 μg/m3 increase were 1.55 [1.19-2.05], 1.22 [1.06-1.42], 1.07 [1.03-1.10], and 1.04 [1.02-1.05], respectively. No association was observed in both sexes between ASCVD risk and PM2.5-10. Conclusion: Our findings may suggest the possible actions of air pollutants on ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
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Parente CET, Carvalho GO, Lino AS, Sabagh LT, Azeredo A, Freitas DFS, Ramos VS, Teixeira C, Meire RO, Ferreira Filho VJM, Malm O. First assessment of atmospheric pollution by trace elements and particulate matter after a severe collapse of a tailings dam, Minas Gerais, Brazil: An insight into biomonitoring with Tillandsia usneoides and a public health dataset. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116435. [PMID: 37331556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, samples of bromeliad Tillandsia usneoides (n = 70) were transplanted and exposed for 15 and 45 days in 35 outdoor residential areas in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais state, Brazil) after one of the most severe mining dam collapses in the world. Trace elements aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. Scanning electron microscope generated surface images of T. usneoides fragments and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and PM > 10). Aluminum, Fe and Mn stood out from the other elements reflecting the regional geological background. Median concentrations in mg kg-1 increased (p < 0.05) between 15 and 45 days for Cr (0.75), Cu (1.23), Fe (474) and Mn (38.1), while Hg (0.18) was higher at 15 days. The exposed-to-control ratio revealed that As and Hg increased 18.1 and 9.4-fold, respectively, not showing a pattern associated only with the most impacted sites. The PM analysis points to a possible influence of the prevailing west wind on the increase of total particles, PM2.5 and PM10 in transplant sites located to the east. Brazilian public health dataset revealed increase in cases of some cardiovascular and respiratory diseases/symptoms in Brumadinho in the year of the dam collapse (1.38 cases per 1000 inhabitants), while Belo Horizonte capital and its metropolitan region recorded 0.97 and 0.37 cases, respectively. Although many studies have been carried out to assess the consequences of the tailings dam failure, until now atmospheric pollution had not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, based on our exploratory analysis of human health dataset, epidemiological studies are required to verify possible risk factors associated with the increase in hospital admissions in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio E T Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel O Carvalho
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adan S Lino
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências (Geoquímica), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro T Sabagh
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Azeredo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela F S Freitas
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor S Ramos
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-903, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Teixeira
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Meire
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virgílio José M Ferreira Filho
- Núcleo Prof. Rogério Vale de Produção Sustentável - SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jiang N, Akter R, Ross G, White S, Kirkwood J, Gunashanhar G, Thompson S, Riley M, Azzi M. On thresholds for controlling negative particle (PM 2.5) readings in air quality reporting. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1187. [PMID: 37698727 PMCID: PMC10497433 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter) is monitored in many countries including Australia. Occasionally PM2.5 instruments may report negative measurements, although in realty the ambient air can never contain negative amounts of particles. Some negative readings are caused by instrument faults or procedural errors, thus can be simply invalidated from air quality reporting. There are occasions, however, when negative readings occur due to other factors including technological or procedural limitations. Treatment of such negative data requires consideration of factors such as measurement uncertainty, instrument noise and risk for significant bias in air quality reporting. There is very limited documentation on handling negative PM2.5 data in the literature. This paper demonstrates how a threshold is determined for controlling negative hourly PM2.5 readings in the New South Wales (NSW) air quality data system. The investigation involved a review of thresholds used in different data systems and an assessment of instrument measurement uncertainties, zero air test data and impacts on key reporting statistics when applying different thresholds to historical datasets. The results show that a threshold of -10.0 μg/m3 appears optimal for controlling negative PM2.5 data in public reporting. This choice is consistent with the measurement uncertainty estimates and the zero air test data statistics calculated for the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network, and is expected not to have significant impacts on key compliance reporting statistics such as data availability and annual average pollution levels. The analysis can be useful for air quality monitoring in other Australian jurisdictions or wider context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Jiang
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rinat Akter
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn Ross
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen White
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Kirkwood
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gunaratnam Gunashanhar
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Thompson
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Riley
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merched Azzi
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
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Alonso-Pérez S, López-Solano J. Long-Term Analysis of Aerosol Concentrations Using a Low-Cost Sensor: Monitoring African Dust Outbreaks in a Suburban Environment in the Canary Islands. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7768. [PMID: 37765825 PMCID: PMC10535801 DOI: 10.3390/s23187768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of the long-term monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations using a low-cost particle sensor installed in a suburban environment in the Canary Islands. A laser-scattering Nova Fitness SDS011 sensor was operated continuously for approximately three and a half years, which is longer than most other studies using this type of sensor. The impact of African dust outbreaks on the aerosol concentrations was assessed, showing a significant increase in both PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations during the outbreaks. Additionally, a good correlation was found with a nearby reference instrument of the air quality network of the Canary Islands' government. The correlation between the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, the effect of relative humidity, and the stability of the sensor were also investigated. This study highlights the potential of this kind of sensor for long-term air quality monitoring with a view to developing extensive and dense low-cost air quality networks that are complementary to official air quality networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso-Pérez
- Departamento. de Ingeniería Industrial, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier López-Solano
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, AEMET, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Badami MM, Tohidi R, Aldekheel M, Farahani VJ, Verma V, Sioutas C. Design, optimization, and evaluation of a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for aerosol collection. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2023; 308:119858. [PMID: 37305446 PMCID: PMC10249774 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed, optimized, and evaluated in lab and field experiments a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for the collection of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) into ultrapure water by applying an electrostatic charge to the particles. We operated the wet ESP at different flow rates and voltages to identify the optimal operating conditions. According to our experimental measurements, a flow rate of 125 lpm and an applied positive voltage of 11 kV resulted in a lower ozone generation of 133 ppb and a particle collection efficiency exceeding 80-90% in all size ranges. For the field tests, the wet ESP was compared with the versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) connected to a BioSampler, a PTFE filter sampler, and an OC/EC analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., USA) as a reference. The chemical analysis results indicated the wet ESP concentrations of metal and trace elements were in very good agreement with those measured by the VACES/BioSampler and PTFE filter sampler. Moreover, our results showed comparable total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations measured by the wet ESP, BioSampler, and OC/EC analyzer, while somewhat lower TOC concentrations were measured by the PTFE filter sampler, possibly due to the limitations of extracting water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from a dry substrate in the latter sampler. The comparable TOC content in the wet ESP and BioSampler samples differs from previous findings that showed higher TOC content in BioSampler samples compared to those collected by dry ESP. The results of the Dithiothreitol (DTT) assay showed comparable DTT activity in the VACES/BioSampler and wet ESP PM samples while slightly lower in the PTFE filter samples. Overall, our results suggest that the wet ESP could be a promising alternative to other conventional sampling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Badami
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Aldekheel
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Kuwait University, Department of Civil Engineering, P.O Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Singh K, Mavi AK, Nagar JK, Kumar M, Spalgais S, Nagaraja R, Kumar R. Quantification of Indoor Respirable Suspended Particulate Matters (RSPM) and Asthma in Rural Children of Delhi-NCR. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:860-866. [PMID: 36264412 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the exposure of indoor respirable suspended particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) and their association with asthma in children in a rural area of Delhi-NCR. METHODS It was a cross-sectional study. Fifty children with asthma from both biomass fuel users in group A and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel users in group B households were enrolled along with 50 healthy control subjects. The diagnosis of asthma was done as per the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 2014. The 24-h levels of PM from all three groups of households were measured and compared. The level of PM with confounding factors like smoking and room occupancy was also compared between the groups. RESULTS The 24-h concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were found significantly higher in the households of group A and group B as opposed to group C (p < 0.001). The number of smokers with a mean pack year and a lack of an exhaust fan was highest in group A and lowest in group C, while diesel and kerosene machines were highest in group B. The PMs were highest in group A even with different confounding factor (p < 0.001). The level of all PM was higher in group B than in group C, despite the presence of both types of fuel in group C households. The level of all PM was highest during the cooking hour. CONCLUSION The level of 24-h PM was highest in group-A households. However, the level of PM was higher in group-B households than group C despite the presence of biomass fuel users in group C. This may be due to the higher number of smokers, poor room-occupancy and lack of exhaust fans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mavi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Nagar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Spalgais
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravishankar Nagaraja
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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O'Regan AC, Nyhan MM. Towards sustainable and net-zero cities: A review of environmental modelling and monitoring tools for optimizing emissions reduction strategies for improved air quality in urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116242. [PMID: 37244499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a defining challenge for today's society and its consequences pose a great threat to humanity. Cities are major contributors to climate change, accounting for over 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions. With urbanization occurring at a rapid rate worldwide, cities will play a key role in mitigating emissions and addressing climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions are strongly interlinked with air quality as they share emission sources. Consequently, there is a great opportunity to develop policies which maximize the co-benefits of emissions reductions on air quality and health. As such, a narrative meta-review is conducted to highlight state-of-the-art monitoring and modelling tools which can inform and monitor progress towards greenhouse gas emission and air pollution reduction targets. Urban greenspace will play an important role in the transition to net-zero as it promotes sustainable and active transport modes. Therefore, we explore advancements in urban greenspace quantification methods which can aid strategic developments. There is great potential to harness technological advancements to better understand the impact of greenhouse gas reduction strategies on air quality and subsequently inform the optimal design of these strategies going forward. An integrated approach to greenhouse gas emission and air pollution reduction will create sustainable, net-zero and healthy future cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C O'Regan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; MaREI, The SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate & Marine, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Cork, P43 C573, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Rd, Sunday's Well, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Marguerite M Nyhan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; MaREI, The SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate & Marine, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Cork, P43 C573, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Rd, Sunday's Well, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
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Zhang J, Wu X, Liang Y, Kelly G, Burt JM, Zhang L, Wang T. Particulate matter increases connexin 43 expression and exacerbates endothelial barrier disruption. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5099-5109. [PMID: 37692924 PMCID: PMC10492082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution is known to exacerbate cardiopulmonary diseases. We previously demonstrated that PM mediates endothelial injury and barrier disruption by modulating the endothelial cytoskeleton and cell-cell junctions, but the effects of PM exposure on cell-cell communication and gap junction activity are still unknown. METHODS This study focused on the characterization of PM-regulated endothelial dysfunction through connexin 43 (Cx43), the most abundant gap junction protein expressed in lung endothelial cells (ECs), using cultured human lung endothelial cells and a well-characterized PM sample. RESULTS PM exposure induced a time-dependent increase of Cx43 in human lung ECs at both the mRNA and protein levels. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, significantly suppressed PM-induced Cx43 expression. Cx43 proteins on the plasma membrane and ER/Golgi apparatus were elevated in response to a PM challenge. In addition, PM induced gap junction activity, which was indicated by green fluorescence dye transfer between two adjacent ECs. Moreover, GAP27, a selective Cx43 channel inhibitor, attenuated PM-induced human lung EC barrier disruption, which was reflected by rescued trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) with an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system. Moreover, knocking down Cx43 alleviated PM-induced myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that Cx43 plays a key role in PM-mediated endothelial barrier disruption and signal transduction. Cx43 may be a therapeutic target in PM-mediated cardiopulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriel Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Janis M Burt
- Department of Physiology, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of ArizonaTuscon, AZ, USA
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
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48
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Casal B, Rivera B, Currais L. Evidence of the adverse effects of air pollution on the population's health in Spain: analysis of the economic costs of premature deaths. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00145922. [PMID: 37585903 PMCID: PMC10494681 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen145922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution increases mortality and morbidity, leading disabilities, and premature deaths. Air pollution has been identified as a leading cause of global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries in 2015 (Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study, 2015). This study explores the relation between mortality rates and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the 50 Spanish regions for the period 2002-2017. Moreover, we estimated the premature deaths due to PM in Spain according to welfare and production losses in 2017. Random-effects models were developed to evaluate the relation between mortality rates and PM concentrations. The economic cost of premature deaths was assessed using the Willingness to Pay approach to quantify welfare losses and the Human Capital method to estimate production losses. PM10 concentrations are positively related to mortality due to respiratory diseases and stroke. Based on 10,342 premature deaths in 2017, losses in welfare amount to EUR 36,227 million (3.1% of Spanish GDP). The economic value of current and future production losses reached EUR 229 million (0.02% of GDP). From a social perspective, air pollution is a public health concern that greatly impacts health and quality of life. Results highlight the need to implement or strengthen regulatory, fiscal, and health public policies to substantially benefit the population's health by reducing their exposure to air pollution.
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Corral-Gómez L, Castillo-García FJ, Soriano JA, Armas O. Macroscopic Parameters of Fuel Sprays Injected in an Optical Reciprocating Single-Cylinder Engine: An Approximation by Means of Visualization with Schlieren Technique. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6747. [PMID: 37571531 PMCID: PMC10422495 DOI: 10.3390/s23156747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a sensor system for an internal combustion engine based on a new vision-based algorithm supported by the Schlieren sensorization technique, which allows to acquire the macroscopic parameters of the fuel spray injected in a reciprocating internal combustion engine under unmanned aerial vehicle-like conditions. The sensor system proposed here is able to automatically determine the spray cone angle, its area and its penetration. In addition, the external surface and the volume of the fuel spray is estimated together with the injector opening delay and the ignition delay. The developed algorithm was experimentally tested using a conventional diesel fuel in a single-cylinder engine with an optically adapted head but with easy application and other configurations of reciprocating internal combustion engines. These spray macroscopic parameters allow to analyze, among others, the effect of the spray on the development of both the injection and combustion processes under different operating conditions. The estimation of the external surface of the spray makes it possible to determine the amount of fuel in the spray that is in contact with the surrounding air, with the possibility to link this parameter to the combustion efficiency and emission reduction. Consequently, obtaining the injector opening delay and the ignition delay are important parameters in the combustion phenomenon. In addition, the ignition delay has a great influence on both the engine design and its performance in the study of the air-fuel blending process, in the efficient combustion process and in the reduction of emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando J. Castillo-García
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Instituto de Investigación Aplicada a la Industria Aeronáutica, Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, Av. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.-G.); (J.A.S.); (O.A.)
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50
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Erb WM, Barrow EJ, Hofner AN, Lecorchick JL, Mitra Setia T, Vogel ER. Wildfire smoke linked to vocal changes in wild Bornean orangutans. iScience 2023; 26:107088. [PMID: 37456857 PMCID: PMC10339020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are the sites of Earth's largest fire events, with outsized contributions to greenhouse gases, toxic smoke, and haze rich with particulate matter. The human health risks from wildfire smoke are well known, but its effects on wildlife inhabiting these ecosystems are poorly understood. In 2015, peatland fires on Borneo created a thick haze of smoke that blanketed the region. We studied its effects on the long call vocalizations of four adult male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in a peat swamp forest. During the period of heavy smoke, orangutans called less often and showed reduced vocal quality-lower pitch, increased harshness and perturbations, and more nonlinear phenomena-similar to changes in human smokers. Most of these changes persisted for two months after the smoke had cleared and likely signal changes in health. Our work contributes valuable information to support non-invasive acoustic monitoring of this Critically Endangered primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. Erb
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Barrow
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program, West Kalimantan, Ketapang 78811, Indonesia
| | - Alexandra N. Hofner
- Department of Integrative Conservation, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica L. Lecorchick
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Tatang Mitra Setia
- Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
- Primate Research Center, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Erin R. Vogel
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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