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Hepditch SLJ, Ahad JME, Martel R, To TA, Gutierrez-Villagomez JM, Larocque È, Vander Meullen IJ, Headley JV, Xin Q, Langlois VS. Behavior and toxicological impact of spilled diluted bitumen and conventional heavy crude oil in the unsaturated zone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124875. [PMID: 39233269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Demand for unconventional crude oils continues to drive the production of diluted bitumen (dilbit) within Western Canada, promoting increased transport volumes across the extensive 700,000 km pipeline system of Canada and the USA. Despite this vast extent of terrestrial transport, the current understanding of the behavior and fate of spilled dilbit within shallow groundwater systems is limited. To this end, oil spill experiments with a dilbit (Cold Lake Blend) and a physicochemically similar conventional heavy crude oil (Conventional Heavy Blend) were conducted for 104 days in large soil columns (1 m height × 0.6 m diameter) engineered to model contaminant transport in the unsaturated (vadose) zone. Around two-fold greater concentrations and 6-41 % faster rates of vadose zone transport of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were observed in the dilbit- compared to conventional heavy crude-contaminated columns. As determined by Orbitrap mass spectrometry, the OxSx species abundances in the acid extractable organics (AEOs) fraction of column leachate from both oil types increased over time, ostensibly due to microbial degradation of petroleum. Bioaccumulation of petroleum constituents in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae exposed to contaminated leachate was confirmed through the induction of developmental malformations lasting up to 34 days and increased abundance of cyp1a mRNA observed throughout the experiment. Toxicity was comparable between the two oils but could not be fully attributed to metals, BTEX, PACs or AEOs, implying the presence of uncharacterized teratogens capable of being transported within the vadose zone following terrestrial dilbit and conventional heavy crude oil surface spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L J Hepditch
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada; Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère de l'Environnement et de la lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la faune et des forêts (MELCCFP), Québec, QC, H7C 2M7, Canada
| | - Jason M E Ahad
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Richard Martel
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Tuan Anh To
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | | | - Ève Larocque
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Ian J Vander Meullen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, National Hydrology Research Center, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, National Hydrology Research Center, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Qin Xin
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB, T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Mohanty B, Muduli PR, Das MT. Biomonitoring of petroleum hydrocarbon residues in commercially important fish and shrimp species from a tropical coastal ecosystem Chilika, India: Associated human health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116702. [PMID: 38996757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) residues in commercially important fish and shrimp species from Asia's largest brackish water lagoon, Chilika and their dietary risk factors like Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), Estimated dietary intake (EDI) and Exposure risk index (ERI) were investigated. The PHCs in water samples were found within the range of 2.21 to 9.41 μg/l; while in organisms, PHCs varied from 0.74 to 3.16 μg/g (wet weight). The lowest and highest PHCs concentration was observed in Etroplus suratensis (0.74 ± 0.12; crude fat 0.57 %) and Nematalosa nasus (3.16 ± 0.12; crude fat 6.43 %) respectively. From human health risk view point, the calculated BAF, EDI, ERI were within the prescribed safe limits. Our finding suggests that Nematalosa nasus can be used as biomonitor species for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination status for this ecosystem and also continuous pollution monitoring programs must be conducted by the concerned authorities to safeguard this important aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Mohanty
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasavihar, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Pradipta Ranjan Muduli
- Wetland Research and Training Center, Chilika Development Authority, Barkul, Khurda 752030, Odisha, India
| | - Mihir Tanay Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasavihar, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India; Centre of Excellence for Bioresource Management and Energy Conservation Material Development, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasavihar, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India.
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3
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Wang K, Xue Y, Liu Y, Su X, Wei L, Lv C, Zhang X, Zhang L, Jia L, Zheng S, Ma Y, Yan H, Jiang G, Song H, Wang F, Lin Q, Hou Y. The detoxification ability of sex-role reversed seahorses determines the sexual dimorphism in immune responses to benzo[a]pyrene exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173088. [PMID: 38735333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in immune responses is an essential factor in environmental adaptation. However, the mechanisms involved remain obscure owing to the scarcity of data from sex-role-reversed species in stressed conditions. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most pervasive and carcinogenic organic pollutants in coastal environments. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects on renal immunotoxicity of the sex-role-reversed lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) toward environmental concentrations BaP exposure. Our results discovered the presence of different energy-immunity trade-off strategies adopted by female and male seahorses during BaP exposure. BaP induced more severe renal damage in female seahorses in a concentration-dependent manner. BaP biotransformation and detoxification in seahorses resemble those in mammals. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide (BPDE) and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (9-OH-BaP) formed DNA adducts and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis may together attribute the renal immunotoxicity. Sexual dimorphisms in detoxification of both BPDE and 9-OH-BaP, and in regulation of Ca2+, autophagy and inflammation, mainly determined the extent of renal damage. Moreover, the mechanism of sex hormones regulated sexual dimorphism in immune responses needs to be further elucidated. Collectively, these findings contribute to the understanding of sexual dimorphism in the immunotoxicity induced by BaP exposure in seahorses, which may attribute to the dramatic decline in the biodiversity of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Xiaolei Su
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chunhui Lv
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Longwu Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shiyi Zheng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yicong Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hansheng Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guangjun Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongce Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Ivanova L, Fæste CK, Solhaug A. Atlantic Salmon Gill Epithelial Cell Line (ASG-10) as a Suitable Model for Xenobiotic Biotransformation. Metabolites 2023; 13:771. [PMID: 37367928 PMCID: PMC10303838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are exposed to xenobiotics in the water. Uptake occurs mainly through the gills, which function as an exchange point with the environment. The gills' ability to detoxify harmful compounds by biotransformation is an essential protection mechanism. The enormous numbers of waterborne xenobiotics requiring ecotoxicological assessment makes it necessary to replace in vivo fish studies with predictive in vitro models. Here, we have characterized the metabolic capacity of the ASG-10 gill epithelial cell line from Atlantic salmon. Inducible CYP1A expression was confirmed by enzymatic assays and immunoblotting. The activities of important cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes were established using specific substrates and metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography (LC) triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQMS). Metabolism of the fish anesthetic benzocaine (BZ) in ASG-10 confirmed esterase and acetyl transferase activities through the production of N-acetylbenzocaine (AcBZ), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and p-acetaminobenzoic acid (AcPABA). Moreover, we were able to determine hydroxylamine benzocaine (BZOH), benzocaine glucuronide (BZGlcA) and hydroxylamine benzocaine glucuronide (BZ(O)GlcA) by LC high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) fragment pattern analysis for the first time. Comparison to metabolite profiles in hepatic fractions, and in plasma of BZ-euthanized salmon, confirmed the suitability of the ASG-10 cell line for investigating biotransformation in gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Ivanova
- Chemistry and Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway; (C.K.F.); (A.S.)
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5
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Baines C, Meitern R, Kreitsberg R, Fort J, Scharsack JP, Nogueira P, Giraudeau M, Sepp T. Correlations between oxidative DNA damage and formation of hepatic tumours in two flatfish species from contaminated environments. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220583. [PMID: 37254521 PMCID: PMC10230182 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species in aquatic environments face increased exposure to oncogenic pollution due to anthropogenic environmental change which can lead to higher cancer prevalence. The mechanistic relationship connecting environmental pollution and cancer is multi-factorial and poorly understood, and the specific mechanisms are so far still uncharacterized. One potential mediator between pollutant exposure and cancer is oxidative damage to DNA. We conducted a study in the field with two flatfish species, European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and common dab (Limanda limanda L.) with overlapping distribution and similar ecological niche, to investigate if the link between oncogenic pollutants and cancer described in ecotoxicological literature could be mediated by oxidative DNA damage. This was not the case for flounders as neither polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bile metabolites nor metallic trace element concentrations were related to oxidative DNA damage measurements. However, dabs with higher PAH concentrations did exhibit increased oxidative damage. High oxidative DNA damage also did not predict neoplasm occurrence, rather, healthy individuals tended to have higher oxidative damage measurements compared to fishes with pre-neoplastic tumours. Our analyses showed that flounders had lower concentrations of PAH bile metabolites, suggesting that compared to dab this species is less exposed or better at eliminating these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Baines
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Harju County, Estonia
| | - Richard Meitern
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Randel Kreitsberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jörn Peter Scharsack
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Nogueira
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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6
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Jin F, Wang Y, Yu F, Liu X, Zhang M, Li Z, Yao Z, Cong Y, Wang J. Acute and Chronic Effects of Crude Oil Water-Accommodated Fractions on the Early Life Stages of Marine Medaka ( Oryzias melastigma, McClelland, 1839). TOXICS 2023; 11:236. [PMID: 36977001 PMCID: PMC10053065 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill is a major marine environmental pollution issue. Research regarding the long-term effects of oil spills on the early life stage of marine fish is still limited. In this study, the potential adverse impact of crude oil from one oil spill accident which occurred in the Bohai Sea on the early life stages of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma, McClelland, 1839) was evaluated. A 96-h acute test (larvae) and a 21-d chronic test (embryo-larvae) of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) from crude oil were conducted, respectively. The results of the acute test showed that only the highest concentration of WAFs (100.00%) significantly affected the mortality of larvae (p < 0.01) and that the 96 h-LC50 was 68.92% (4.11 mg·L-1 expressed as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)). Larval heart demonstrated histopathological alterations in all WAF-exposed groups. The chronic test results showed that, except for larval mortality, the total hatching success (%)/hatching time of embryos in WAF treatments was not significantly different from those of the control group (p > 0.05), and no malformation was found in surviving larvae after 21 d of exposure. Nevertheless, the exposed embryos and larvae in the highest concentration of WAFs (60.00%) demonstrated significantly reduced heart rate (p < 0.05) and increased mortality (p < 0.01), respectively. Overall, our results indicated that both acute and chronic WAF exposures had adverse impacts on the survival of marine medaka. In the early life stages, the heart of the marine medaka was the most sensitive organ which showed both structural alteration and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fuwei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
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7
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Donohoe RM, Anulacion B, Witting D, Cosentino-Manning N, DaSilva AR, Sullivan L. Biliary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolite Equivalents Measured in Fish and Subtidal Invertebrates Following the Refugio Beach Oil Spill. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:117-128. [PMID: 35871262 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monterey formation crude oil spilled from an onshore pipeline and entered the surf zone near Refugio State Beach, Santa Barbara County, CA, USA on 19 May 2015. Exposure to nearshore fish was evaluated by measuring biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in surfperch (Embiotocidae), collected near the release point, at a lesser oiled area, Gaviota State Beach, and near the Coal Oil Point oil seep, Campus Point, at both four days and approximately one year after the oil spill. Three to four weeks after the spill, fish, invertebrates, and kelp were collected near the same three sites for PAH analysis of edible tissues to support the fishery closure assessment. Additionally, thirteen days after the spill, vegetation, and invertebrate tissue samples from the seafloor near Refugio State Beach were analyzed for PAHs. In surfperch bile, mean naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene metabolite equivalents were significantly higher at Refugio State Beach, compared to Gaviota State Beach or Campus Point in 2015. One year later, there was no significant difference between the three sites. Spatial and depth zone patterns of PAH tissue concentrations from composited invertebrate, vegetation and fish showed highest concentrations were measured in invertebrates collected near Refugio State Beach. Overall, results show elevated PAH levels in nearshore organisms and provide a useful reference for potential PAH exposures in fish and subtidal invertebrates following a large nearshore oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Donohoe
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bernadita Anulacion
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Witting
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Restoration Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Cosentino-Manning
- Office of Response and Restoration, Assessment and Restoration Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - April R DaSilva
- Office of Spill Prevention and Response, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, West Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Laurie Sullivan
- Office of Response and Restoration, Assessment and Restoration Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
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8
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Sathikumaran R, Madhuvandhi J, Priya KK, Sridevi A, Krishnamurthy R, Thilagam H. Evaluation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in the estuarine thornfish Therapon jarbua. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:720-727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ruberg EJ, Elliott JE, Williams TD. Review of petroleum toxicity and identifying common endpoints for future research on diluted bitumen toxicity in marine mammals. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:537-551. [PMID: 33761025 PMCID: PMC8060214 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of conventional crude oil continue to be shipped by sea from production to consumption areas across the globe. In addition, unconventional petroleum products also transverse pelagic habitats; for example, diluted bitumen from Canada's oilsands which is shipped along the Pacific coast to the United States and Asia. Therefore, there is a continuing need to assess the toxicological consequences of chronic and catastrophic petroleum spillage on marine wildlife. Peer-reviewed literature on the toxicity of unconventional petroleum such as diluted bitumen exists for teleost fish, but not for fauna such as marine mammals. In order to inform research needs for unconventional petroleum toxicity we conducted a comprehensive literature review of conventional petroleum toxicity on marine mammals. The common endpoints observed in conventional crude oil exposures and oil spills include hematological injury, modulation of immune function and organ weight, genotoxicity, eye irritation, neurotoxicity, lung disease, adrenal dysfunction, metabolic and clinical abnormalities related to oiling of the pelage, behavioural impacts, decreased reproductive success, mortality, and population-level declines. Based on our findings and the body of literature we accessed, our recommendations for future research include: 1) improved baseline data on PAH and metals exposure in marine mammals, 2) improved pre- and post-spill data on marine mammal populations, 3) the use of surrogate mammalian models for petroleum toxicity testing, and 4) the need for empirical data on the toxicity of unconventional petroleum to marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ruberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - J E Elliott
- Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada.
| | - T D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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10
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Yan L, Hui N, Simpanen S, Tudeer L, Romantschuk M. Simulation of Microbial Response to Accidental Diesel Spills in Basins Containing Brackish Sea Water and Sediment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593232. [PMID: 33424796 PMCID: PMC7785775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Suvi Simpanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Laura Tudeer
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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11
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Kurita-Oyamada H, Brown CL, Kroll KJ, Walley SE, Keller C, Ejaz M, Kozuch M, Reed W, Grayson S, Savin DA, Denslow ND. Toxicity assessment of a novel oil dispersant based on silica nanoparticles using Fathead minnow. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105653. [PMID: 33080536 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill accidents are a major concern for aquatic organisms. In recent history, the Deepwater Horizon blowout spilled 500 million liters of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Corexit 9500A was used to disperse the oil since it was the method approved at that time, despite safety concerns about its use. A better solution is necessary for dispersing oil from spills that reduces the toxicity to exposed aquatic organisms. To address this challenge, novel engineered nanoparticles were designed using silica cores grafted with hyperbranched poly(glycidol) branches. Because the silica core and polymers are known to be biocompatible, we hypothesized that these particles are nontoxic to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and would decrease their exposure to oil polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Fathead minnow embryos, juveniles and adult stages were exposed to the particles alone or in combination with a water-accommodated fraction of oil. Acute toxicity of nanoparticles to fish was tested by measuring mortality. Sub-lethal effects were also measured including gene expression of cytochrome P450 1a (cyp1a) mRNA and heart rate in embryos. In addition, a mixture of particles plus the water-accommodated fraction was directly introduced to adult female fathead minnows by gavage. Three different nanoparticle concentrations were used (2, 10, and 50 mg/L) in either artificial fresh water or the water-accommodated fraction of the oil. In addition, nanoparticle-free controls were carried out in the two solutions. No significant mortality was observed for any age group or nanoparticle concentration, suggesting the safety of the nanoparticles. In the presence of the water-accommodated fraction alone, juvenile and adult fathead minnows responded by increasing expression of cyp1a. The addition of nanoparticles to the water-accommodated fraction reduced cyp1a gene expression in treatments. Heart rate was also restored to normal parameters in embryos co-exposed to nanoparticles and to the water-accommodated fraction. Measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons confirmed their presence in the tested solutions and the reduction of available PAH in WAF treated with the nanoparticles. Our findings suggest the engineered nanoparticles may be protecting the fish by sequestering polyaromatic hydrocarbons from oil, measured indirectly by the induction of cypa1 mRNAs. Furthermore, chemical analysis showed a reduction in PAH content in the water accommodated fraction with the presence of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kurita-Oyamada
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Caroline L Brown
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Susan E Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Ejaz
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Marianne Kozuch
- Analytical Toxicology Core Laboratory, University of Florida
| | - Wayne Reed
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Scott Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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12
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Jacaúna RP, Kochhann D, Campos DF, Val AL. Aerobic Metabolism Impairment in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Juveniles Exposed to Urban Wastewater in Manaus, Amazon. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:853-859. [PMID: 33201255 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential use of metabolic parameters as non-specific biomarkers of pollution. The Igarapé do Quarenta is a small urban river crossing an industrial area in the city of Manaus, Amazon, and receives the city wastewater without treatment. The fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were exposed to water collected from two different sites of that stretch for 96 h. After exposure, routine metabolic rate (RMR) was measured, and fish were euthanized for measurements of electron transport system (ETS) activity, Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation and biliary PAHs. Water in the sampling points presented low oxygen and high pH, conductivity, dissolved ions, Cu, Cd and ammonia. Bile concentrations of PAHs were high suggesting industrial pollution. The tambaqui exposed to water from Igarapé do Quarenta showed increased RMR and decreased ETS/RMR suggesting impairment of metabolic fish performance and the potential use of these parameters as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani Kochhann
- Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Acaraú Valley State University, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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13
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Ekpe OD, Kim KY, Jung JH, Yim UH, Oh JE. Formation and distribution of phenanthrene and its metabolites (monohydroxy-phenanthrenes) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114588. [PMID: 33618480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the tissue distribution of phenanthrene (PHE) and the formation of monohydroxy-phenanthrene (OH-PHE) metabolites in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). PHE was intragastrically administered to two groups of rockfish. The first group was exposed to PHE at a low dose (10 mg/kg body weight) and the second group was exposed at a high dose (30 mg/kg body weight). The rockfish were analyzed and the levels of PHE were higher in the liver, followed by muscle, and then bile. PHE concentrations in the liver, muscle, and bile were 1.4-26, 0.10-2.01, and not detected (ND)-0.13 μg/g wet weight, respectively. All five monohydroxylated PHE metabolites (1-OH-PHE, 2-OH-PHE, 3-OH-PHE, 4-OH-PHE, and 9-OH-PHE) were detected only in bile. Among these OH-PHE metabolites, 3-OH-PHE was found at the highest concentration from all fish bile samples in both PHE exposure groups, indicating that regioselective OH-PHE formation occurs in rockfish and 3-OH PHE could be a good biomarker of exposure of Korean rockfish to PHE. Suspect screening analysis of the rockfish bile was performed by LC-QTOF/MS, and the formation of two OH-PHE-DNA adducts (thymine-OH-PHE and cytosine-OH-PHE) were identified in the bile sample collected 6 h after rockfish were exposed to the high PHE dose, indicating that OH-PHE metabolites may be toxic to fish. This is the first report on the formation characteristics of OH-PHE metabolites in rockfish and their use as biomarkers of exposure of rockfish to parent PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okon Dominic Ekpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Park JC, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. The glutathione S-transferase genes in marine rotifers and copepods: Identification of GSTs and applications for ecotoxicological studies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111080. [PMID: 32510351 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various xenobiotics are constantly being released and accumulated into the aquatic environments and consequently, the aquatic organisms are continuously being exposed to exogenous stressors. Among various xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme which is widely distributed among living organisms and thus, understanding of the nature of GSTs is crucial. Previous studies have shown GST activity in response to various xenobiotics yet, full identification of GSTs in marine invertebrates is still limited. This review covers information on the importance of GSTs as a biomarker for emerging chemicals and their response to wide ranges of environmental pollutants as well as in-depth phylogenetic analysis of marine invertebrates, including recently identified GSTs belonging to rotifers (Brachionus spp.) and copepods (Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana), with unique class-specific features of GSTs, as well as a new suggestion of GST evolutionary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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15
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Xie S, Zhou A, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun Z, Fan L, Zou J. Cytochrome P450 1A mRNA in the Gambusia affinis and Response to Several PAHs. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:551-565. [PMID: 32504241 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) has been used as a specific biomarker for monitoring water contamination such as PAHs, PCBs and dioxins. In the present study, the cyp1a gene of Gambusia affinis was cloned and sequenced and their expressions under PAHs exposure were characterized. The newly identified cyp1a encodes a protein with 521 amino acids that shared 96-80% identity with other Cyprinodontiformes fishes. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the basal mRNA level of cyp1a was highly expressed in liver and intestine. The expression level of cyp1a was significantly induced by exposure to 100 μg/L 3, 4-Benzopyrene (BaP) for 5 days in the muscle, testis, brain, liver and intestine of adult male fish. Except in the testis, the induced mRNA level of cyp1a ultimately decreased after prolonging the exposure time to 25 days. As for testis, the induced mRNA level of cyp1a was maintained at a high level during the entire exposure time under 100 μg/L BaP exposure. Furthermore, the expression of cyp1a increased with exposure time under a relatively low exposure concentrations 1 μg/L. Regarding the effects of other PAHs, D(a,h)A, BbF, and BaA showed a statistically significant effect of induction on mRNA level of cyp1a in the muscle, testis, brain, liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Feng
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolin Sun
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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16
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van den Hurk P, Edhlund I, Davis R, Hahn JJ, McComb MJ, Rogers EL, Pisarski E, Chung K, DeLorenzo M. Lionfish (Pterois volitans) as biomonitoring species for oil pollution effects in coral reef ecosystems. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 156:104915. [PMID: 32174335 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With oil spills, and other sources of aromatic hydrocarbons, being a continuous threat to coral reef systems, and most reef fish species being protected or difficult to collect, the use of the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) might be a good model species to monitor biomarkers in potentially exposed fish in the Caribbean and western Atlantic. The rapid expansion of lionfish in the Caribbean and western Atlantic, and the unregulated fishing for this species, would make the lionfish a suitable candidate as biomonitoring species for oil pollution effects. However, to date little has been published about the responses of lionfish to environmental pollutants. For this study lionfish were collected in the Florida Keys a few weeks after Hurricane Irma, which sank numerous boats resulting in leaks of oil and fuel, and during the winter and early spring after that. Several biomarkers indicative of exposure to PAHs (bile fluorescence, cytochrome P450-1A induction, glutathione S-transferase activity) were measured. To establish if these biomarkers are inducible in PAH exposed lionfish, dosing experiments with different concentrations of High Energy Water Accommodated Fraction of crude oil were performed. The results revealed no significant effects in the biomarkers in the field collected fish, while the exposure experiments demonstrated that lionfish did show strong effects in the measured biomarkers, even at the lowest concentration tested (0.3% HEWAF, or 25 μg/l ƩPAH50). Based on its widespread distribution, relative ease of collection, and significant biomarker responses in the controlled dosing experiment, it is concluded that lionfish has good potential to be used as a standardized biomonitoring species for oil pollution in its neotropical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van den Hurk
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Ian Edhlund
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jacob J Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Michel J McComb
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Rogers
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Marie DeLorenzo
- NOAA, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC, USA
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17
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Hook SE, Mondon J, Revill AT, Greenfield PA, Stephenson SA, Strzelecki J, Corbett P, Armstrong E, Song J, Doan H, Barrett S. Monitoring sublethal changes in fish physiology following exposure to a light, unweathered crude oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:27-45. [PMID: 30173120 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are frequently used to determine the exposure of fish to petroleum hydrocarbons following an oil spill. These biomarkers must be chosen carefully if they are to be used to determine sublethal toxic impacts as well as oil exposure. Many commonly used biomarkers relate to the metabolism of high molecular weight, typically pyrogenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are not abundant in unweathered crude oil. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of different biomarkers, including histological examination and transcriptomic profiling, in showing exposure to oil and the potential for sublethal toxic impacts. To achieve these goals, subadults/adults of the spotted dragonet (Repomucenus calcaratus) were exposed to a representative light, unweathered Australian oil for 96 h, so that the physiological changes that occur with exposure could be documented. Fish were then transferred to clean sediment for 90 h to quantify recovery. Biomarker changes, including PAH metabolites, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and histopathology, are presented in this work. In addition, a de novo transcriptome for the spotted dragonet was assembled, and differential transcript abundance was determined for the gill and liver of petroleum-exposed fish relative to a control. Increased levels of some biliary phenanthrene metabolites were seen throughout the exposure period. EROD levels showed modest, but not significant, increases. Transcriptomic differences were noted in the abundances of transcripts with a role in inflammation, primary metabolism and cardiac function. The patterns of transcript abundance in the gill and the liver changed in a manner that reflected exposure and recovery. The histology showed elevated prevalence of lesions, most notably vacuolization in liver and heart tissue, multi-organ necrosis, and lamellar epithelial lifting and telangiectasia in the gill. These findings suggest that short-term exposures to low molecular weight PAHs could elicit changes in the health of fish that are well predicted by the transcriptome. Furthermore, when light oil is released into the environment, exposure and subsequent risk would be better estimated using phenanthrene metabolite levels rather than EROD. This study also adds to the weight of evidence that exposure to low molecular weight PAHs may cause cardiac problems in fish. Further study is needed to determine the impact of these changes on reproductive capacity, long-term survival, and other population specific parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.
| | - Julie Mondon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Strzelecki
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Corbett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Emily Armstrong
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Jing Song
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia; Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hai Doan
- CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Skye Barrett
- South Australian Research and Development Institute Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, SA, 5024, Australia
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18
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Xie SL, Junaid M, Bian WP, Luo JJ, Syed JH, Wang C, Xiong WX, Ma YB, Niu A, Yang XJ, Zou JX, Pei DS. Generation and application of a novel transgenic zebrafish line Tg(cyp1a:mCherry) as an in vivo assay to sensitively monitor PAHs and TCDD in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:723-732. [PMID: 29154098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are classified as human carcinogens, and can also cause serious health problems. To develop a convenient bio-monitoring tool for the detection of PAHs and TCDD in the environment, we generated a transgenic zebrafish line Tg(cyp1a:mCherry) with cyp1a promoter driving mCherry expression. Here, Tg(cyp1a:mCherry) embryos were treated with different concentrations of TCDD and five US EPA priority PAHs congeners. The results showed that the expressions of mCherry and endogenous cyp1a were consistent with the PAHs exposure concentrations and were largely induced by TCDD and ≥4-ring PAHs. Moreover, the sensitivity of Tg(cyp1a:mCherry) embryos was also evaluated through monitoring of the PAHs contamination in the water and soil samples. The elevated red fluorescent signals and cyp1a expression levels were observed in Tg(cyp1a:mCherry) zebrafish after exposure to water samples and soil organic extracts with higher concentrations of ≥4-ring PAHs. These results further strengthen our findings of concentration- and congener-dependent response of the newly established zebrafish. Taken together, the newly established zebrafish line will prove as a sensitive, efficient and convenient tool for monitoring PAHs and TCDD contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lin Xie
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan-Juan Luo
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wen-Xu Xiong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aping Niu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ji-Xing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Yan L, Yu D, Hui N, Naanuri E, Viggor S, Gafarov A, Sokolov SL, Heinaru A, Romantschuk M. Distribution of Archaeal Communities along the Coast of the Gulf of Finland and Their Response to Oil Contamination. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29410652 PMCID: PMC5787342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is vulnerable to environmental changes. With the increasing shipping activities, the risk of oil spills remains high. Archaea are widely distributed in many environments. However, the distribution and the response of archaeal communities to oil contamination have rarely been investigated in brackish habitats. Hence, we conducted a survey to investigate the distribution, diversity, composition, and species interactions of indigenous archaeal communities at oil-contaminated sites along the coast of the Gulf of Finland (GoF) using high-throughput sequencing. Surface water and littoral sediment samples were collected at presumably oil-contaminated (oil distribution facilities) and clean sites along the coastline of the GoF in the winter 2015 and the summer 2016. Another three samples of open sea surface water were taken as offshore references. Of Archaea, Euryarchaeota dominated in the surface water and the littoral sediment of the coast of the GoF, followed by Crenarchaeota (including Thaumarchaeota, Thermoprotei, and Korarchaeota based on the Greengenes database used). The unclassified sequences accounted for 5.62% of the total archaeal sequences. Our study revealed a strong dependence of the archaeal community composition on environmental variables (e.g., salinity, pH, oil concentration, TOM, electrical conductivity, and total DNA concentration) in both littoral sediment and coastal water in the GoF. The composition of archaeal communities was season and ecosystem dependent. Archaea was highly diverse in the three ecosystems (littoral sediment, coastal water, and open sea water). Littoral sediment harbored the highest diversity of archaea. Oil was often detected in the littoral sediment but rarely detected in water at those presumably contaminated sites. Although the composition of archaeal community in the littoral sediment was sensitive to low-input oil contamination, the unchanged putative functional profiles and increased interconnectivity of the archaeal core species network plausibly revealed resilience and the potential for oil degradation. Halobacteriaceae and putative cytochrome P450 pathways were significantly enriched in the oil-contaminated littoral sediment. The archaeal taxa formed highly interconnected and interactive networks, in which Halobacteriaceae, Thermococcus, and methanogens were the main components, implying a potential relevant trophic connection between hydrocarbon degradation, methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, and/or fermentative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Eve Naanuri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Viggor
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arslan Gafarov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergei L Sokolov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ain Heinaru
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Smeltz M, Rowland-Faux L, Ghiran C, Patterson WF, Garner SB, Beers A, Mièvre Q, Kane AS, James MO. A multi-year study of hepatic biomarkers in coastal fishes from the Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:57-67. [PMID: 28487163 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill, concerns were raised regarding exposure of fish to crude oil components, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This three year study examined hepatic enzymes in post-mitochondrial supernatant fractions from red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) collected in the north central Gulf of Mexico between 2011 and 2014. Biomarker activities evaluated included benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Mean EROD activity was higher in gray triggerfish (12.97 ± 7.15 pmol/min/mg protein [mean ± SD], n = 115) than red snapper (2.75 ± 1.92 pmol/min/mg protein, n = 194), p < 0.0001. In both species, EROD declined over time between 2011 and 2014. Declines in GST and GPx activities were also noted over this time period for both species. Gray triggerfish liver was fatty, and heptane extracts of the liver fat contained fluorescent substances with properties similar to known PAHs, however the origin of these PAHs is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci Smeltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Rowland-Faux
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Céline Ghiran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William F Patterson
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven B Garner
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan Beers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Mièvre
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew S Kane
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Esler D, Ballachey BE, Bowen L, Miles AK, Dickson RD, Henderson JD. Cessation of oil exposure in harlequin ducks after the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Cytochrome P4501A biomarker evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1294-1300. [PMID: 27764895 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The authors quantified hepatic hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA), during 2011, 2013, and 2014 (22-25 yr following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill). Average EROD activity was compared between birds from areas oiled by the spill and those from nearby unoiled areas. The present study replicated studies conducted from 1998 to 2009 demonstrating that harlequin ducks using areas oiled in 1989 had elevated EROD activity, indicative of oil exposure, up to 2 decades post spill. In the present study, it was found that average EROD activity during March 2011 was significantly higher in wintering harlequin ducks captured in oiled areas relative to unoiled areas, which the authors interpret to indicate that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 22 yr after the original spill. However, the 2011 results also indicated reductions in exposure relative to previous years. Average EROD activity in birds from oiled areas was approximately 2 times that in birds from unoiled areas in 2011, compared with observations from 2005 to 2009, in which EROD activity was 3 to 5 times higher in oiled areas. It was also found that average EROD activity during March 2013 and March 2014 was not elevated in wintering harlequin ducks from oiled areas. The authors interpret these findings to indicate that exposure of harlequin ducks to residual Exxon Valdez oil abated within 24 yr after the original spill. The present study finalizes a timeline of exposure, extending over 2 decades, for a bird species thought to be particularly vulnerable to oil contamination in marine environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1294-1300. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Esler
- Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey,, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Lizabeth Bowen
- Western Ecological Research Center, Davis Field Station, US Geological Survey, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - A Keith Miles
- Western Ecological Research Center, Davis Field Station, US Geological Survey, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rian D Dickson
- Black Duck Biological, Gabriola, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John D Henderson
- Animal Sciences and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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22
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Rodd AL, Messier NJ, Vaslet CA, Kane AB. A 3D fish liver model for aquatic toxicology: Morphological changes and Cyp1a induction in PLHC-1 microtissues after repeated benzo(a)pyrene exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:134-144. [PMID: 28282620 PMCID: PMC5436724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify the potential environmental impacts of aquatic pollutants, rapid and sensitive screening tools are needed to assess adaptive and toxic responses. This study characterizes a novel fish liver microtissue model, produced with the cell line PLHC-1, as an in vitro aquatic toxicity testing platform. These 3D microtissues remain viable and stable throughout the 8-day testing period and relative to 2D monolayers, show increased basal expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 1A (Cyp1a). To evaluate pulsed, low-dose exposures at environmentally relevant concentrations, microtissue responsiveness to the model toxicant benzo(a)pyrene was assessed after single and repeated exposures for determination of both immediate and persistent effects. Significant induction of Cyp1a gene and protein expression was detected after a single 24h exposure to as little as 1nM benzo(a)pyrene, and after a 24h recovery period, Cyp1a expression declined in a dose-dependent manner. However, cell death continued to increase during the recovery period and alterations in microtissue architecture occurred at higher concentrations. To evaluate a pulsed or repeated exposure scenario, microtissues were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, allowed to recover, then exposed a second time for 24h. Following pre-exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, cyp1a expression remained equally inducible and the pattern and level of Cyp1a protein response to a second exposure were comparable. However, pre-exposure to 1μM or 5μM of benzo(a)pyrene resulted in increased cell death, greater disruption of microtissue architecture, and alterations in cell morphology. Together, this study demonstrates the capabilities of this PLHC-1 microtissue model for sensitive assessment of liver toxicants over time and following single and repeated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Rodd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Norma J Messier
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Charles A Vaslet
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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23
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Tiwari M, Sahu SK, Pandit GG. Distribution of PAHs in different compartment of creek ecosystem: Ecotoxicological concern and human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:58-66. [PMID: 28131077 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment, seawater, fish and crab samples from Thane creek, India. Concentrations of sixteen USEPA PAH in sediments varies from 874 to 1925ngg-1, dry weight (dw) in winter, between 219-495ngg-1 in summer. In seawater Σ16 PAHs concentration during winter was recorded 706±193ngL-1, and during summer 337±79ngL-1. Total concentrations of PAHs in consumable portion of lizard fish, bombay duck and crab were found 156.8±18 and 122±24.5ngg-1, 117.4±17.65ngg-1 and 95.8±16.2ngg-1, 348±94.5 and 95.62±31.9ngg-1 wet weight (ww) in summer and winter respectively. PAHs concentration were compared with sediments quality guidelines viz. ERL-ERM, TEL-PEL indexes for finding ecotoxicological risk on marine organism. The ILCR values were above public screening criteria for carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - G G Pandit
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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24
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Duffy TA, Childress W, Portier R, Chesney EJ. Responses of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) larvae under lethal and sublethal scenarios of crude oil exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:264-272. [PMID: 27639700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) is an ecologically important zooplanktivorous fish inhabiting estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico and eastern North America from Maine to Florida. Because they have a protracted spawning season (spring through fall) and are abundant at all life stages in coastal estuaries, their eggs and larvae likely encountered oil that reached the coast during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We compared responses to oil exposure at different life stages and at lethal and sublethal conditions using acute, 24h exposures. In a series of experiments, bay anchovy larvae were exposed to high energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) and chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF) at two stages of larval development (5 and 21 days post hatch, dph). HEWAF oil exposures induced significantly greater life stage dependent sensitivity at 5 dph than at 21 dph but chemically dispersed (CEWAF) exposure mortality was more variable and LC50s were not significantly different between 5 and 21dph larvae. Acute exposure to two low-level concentrations of CEWAF did not result in significant mortality over 24h, but resulted in a 25-77% reduction in larval survival and a 12-34% reduction in weight specific growth after six days of post-exposure growth following the initial 24h exposure. These results show that younger (5 dph) bay anchovy larvae are more vulnerable to acute oil exposure than older (21 dph) larvae, and that acute responses do not accurately reflect potential population level mortality and impacts to growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Duffy
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA.
| | - William Childress
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA; Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, Department of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA
| | - Ralph Portier
- Louisiana State University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Edward J Chesney
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA
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25
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Perrichon P, Le Menach K, Akcha F, Cachot J, Budzinski H, Bustamante P. Toxicity assessment of water-accommodated fractions from two different oils using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larval bioassay with a multilevel approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:952-966. [PMID: 27312275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum compounds from chronic discharges and oil spills represent an important source of environmental pollution. To better understand the deleterious effects of these compounds, the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) from two different oils (brut Arabian Light and Erika heavy fuel oils) were used in this study. Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were exposed during 96h at three WAF concentrations (1, 10 and 100% for Arabian Light and 10, 50 and 100% for Erika) in order to cover a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, representative of the levels found after environmental oil spills. Several endpoints were recorded at different levels of biological organization, including lethal endpoints, morphological abnormalities, photomotor behavioral responses, cardiac activity, DNA damage and exposure level measurements (EROD activity, cyp1a and PAH metabolites). Neither morphological nor behavioral or physiological alterations were observed after exposure to Arabian Light fractions. In contrast, the Erika fractions led a high degree of toxicity in early life stages of zebrafish. Despite of defense mechanisms induced by oil, acute toxic effects have been recorded including mortality, delayed hatching, high rates of developmental abnormalities, disrupted locomotor activity and cardiac failures at the highest PAH concentrations (∑TPAHs=257,029±47,231ng·L(-1)). Such differences in toxicity are likely related to the oil composition. The use of developing zebrafish is a good tool to identify wide range of detrimental effects and elucidate their underlying foundations. Our work highlights once more, the cardiotoxic action (and potentially neurotoxic) of petroleum-related PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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26
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Nuez-Ortín WG, Carter CG, Wilson R, Cooke I, Nichols PD. Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161513. [PMID: 27556399 PMCID: PMC4996530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine oils are important to human nutrition as the major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) that is low or lacking in terrestrial plant or animal oils. The inclusion of fish oil as main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquafeeds is mostly limited by the increasing price and decreasing availability. Fish oil replacement with cheaper terrestrial plant and animal oils has considerably reduced the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in flesh of farmed Atlantic salmon. Novel DHA-enriched oils with high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content will be available from transgenic oilseeds plants in the near future as an alternative for dietary fish oil replacement in aquafeeds. As a preliminary validation, we formulated an oil blend (TOFX) with high DHA and ALA content using tuna oil (TO) high in DHA and the flaxseed oil (FX) high in ALA, and assessed its ability to achieve fish oil-like n-3 LC-PUFA tissue composition in Atlantic salmon smolts. We applied proteomics as an exploratory approach to understand the effects of nutritional changes on the fish liver. Comparisons were made between fish fed a fish oil-based diet (FO) and a commercial-like oil blend diet (fish oil + poultry oil, FOPO) over 89 days. Growth and feed efficiency ratio were lower on the TOFX diet. Fish muscle concentration of n-3 LC-PUFA was significantly higher for TOFX than for FOPO fish, but not higher than for FO fish, while retention efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA was promoted by TOFX relative to FO. Proteomics analysis revealed an oxidative stress response indicative of the main adaptive physiological mechanism in TOFX fish. While specific dietary fatty acid concentrations and balances and antioxidant supplementation may need further attention, the use of an oil with a high content of DHA and ALA can enhance tissue deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA in relation to a commercially used oil blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris G. Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Bag 74, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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27
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Dornberger L, Ainsworth C, Gosnell S, Coleman F. Developing a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure dose-response model for fish health and growth. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:259-266. [PMID: 27297595 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the more important steps in understanding the ecosystem-level effects of anthropogenic disturbances on resident species is developing an accurate representation of the lethal and sub-lethal effects of these stressors. We develop methods for describing the impacts of oil on growth and mortality rates in fishes. We conducted a literature search to determine potential relationships between direct and indirect effects of exposure to oil, based on the frequency of lesions and body growth reduction. Data examining these effects with different exposure mediums were assessed and then input into four potential response models (a linear, step-wise, hockey-stick, and exponential model). We assessed the models using the Akaike Information Criterion. The most parsimonious and best fit model was the hockey-stick. This analysis will aid in identifying where future research on the impact of oil on fish should focus and also aid the development of ecosystem models on impacts of oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Dornberger
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701, United States.
| | - Cameron Ainsworth
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
| | - Stephen Gosnell
- Natural Sciences, Baruch College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Box A-506, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States
| | - Felicia Coleman
- Florida State University Coastal & Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, United States
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28
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Zhang Y, Dong S, Wang H, Tao S, Kiyama R. Biological impact of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ePAHs) as endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:809-824. [PMID: 27038213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often detected in the environment and are regarded as endocrine disruptors. We here designated mixtures of PAHs in the environment as environmental PAHs (ePAHs) to discuss their effects collectively, which could be different from the sum of the constituent PAHs. We first summarized the biological impact of environmental PAHs (ePAHs) found in the atmosphere, sediments, soils, and water as a result of human activities, accidents, or natural phenomena. ePAHs are characterized by their sources and forms, followed by their biological effects and social impact, and bioassays that are used to investigate their biological effects. The findings of the bioassays have demonstrated that ePAHs have the ability to affect the endocrine systems of humans and animals. The pathways that mediate cell signaling for the endocrine disruptions induced by ePAHs and PAHs have also been summarized in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these effects without animal tests; they include specific signaling pathways (MAPK and other signaling pathways), regulatory mechanisms (chromatin/epigenetic regulation, cell cycle/DNA damage control, and cytoskeletal/adhesion regulation), and cell functions (apoptosis, autophagy, immune responses/inflammation, neurological responses, and development/differentiation) induced by specific PAHs, such as benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[l]aceanthrylene, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, 3-methylcholanthrene, perylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene as well as their derivatives. Estrogen signaling is one of the most studied pathways associated with the endocrine-disrupting activities of PAHs, and involves estrogen receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. However, some of the actions of PAHs are contradictory, complex, and unexplainable. Although several possibilities have been suggested, such as direct interactions between PAHs and receptors and the suppression of their activities through other pathways, the mechanisms underlying the activities of PAHs remain unclear. Thus, standardized assay protocols for pathway-based assessments are considered to be important to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Hongou Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ryoiti Kiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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29
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Adeyemo OK, Kroll KJ, Denslow ND. Developmental abnormalities and differential expression of genes induced in oil and dispersant exposed Menidia beryllina embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 168:60-71. [PMID: 26448268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of fish embryos to relatively low concentrations of oil has been implicated in sub-lethal toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the exposure of Menidia beryllina embryos at 30-48h post-fertilization to the water accommodated fractions of oil (WAF, 200ppm, v/v), dispersants (20ppm, v/v, Corexit 9500 or 9527), and mixtures of oil and each of the dispersants to produce chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) over a 72-hour period. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and benzene, toluene, ethylene and xylene (BTEX) constituents of the 5X concentrated exposure solutions (control, WAF, dispersants and CEWAFs) were determined and those of the 1× exposures were derived using a dilution factor. PAH, BTEX and low molecular weight PAH constituents greater than 1ppb were observed in WAF and the dispersants, but at much higher levels in CEWAFs. The WAF and CEWAFs post-weathering were diluted at 1:5 (200ml WAF/CEWAF: 800ml 25ppt saltwater) for embryo exposures. Mortality, heartbeat, embryo normalcy, abnormality types and severities were recorded. The qPCR assay was used to quantify abundances of transcripts of target genes for sexual differentiation and sex determination (StAR, dmrt-1, amh, cyp19b, vtg and chg-L,), growth regulation (ghr) and stress response (cyp1a and Hsp90); and gapdh served as the housekeeping gene. Temperature was 21±1.5°C throughout the experimental period, while mortality was low and not significantly different (p=0.68) among treatments. Heartbeat was significantly different (0.0034) with the lowest heartbeats recorded in Corexit 9500 (67.5beats/min) and 9527 (67.1beats/min) exposed embryos compared with controls (82.7beats/min). Significantly more treated embryos were in a state of deterioration, with significantly more embryos presenting arrested tissue differentiation compared with controls (p=0.021). Exposure to WAF, dispersants and CEWAF induced aberrant expression of all the genes, with star, dmrt-1, ghr and hsp90 being significantly down-regulated in CEWAF and cyp19b in Corexit 9527. The cyp1a and cyp19b were significantly up-regulated in CEWAFs and WAF, respectively. The molecular endpoints were most sensitive, especially the expression of star, cyp19b, cyp1a, hsp90 and could therefore be used as early indicators of long term effects of Corexit 9500 and 9527 usage in oil spill management on M. beryllina, a valid sentinel for oil pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanike K Adeyemo
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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30
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Dussauze M, Danion M, Le Floch S, Lemaire P, Pichavant-Rafini K, Theron M. Innate immunity and antioxidant systems in different tissues of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to crude oil dispersed mechanically or chemically with Corexit 9500. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:270-278. [PMID: 26093109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of chemically dispersed oil by the dispersant Corexit 9500 on innate immunity and redox defenses in a marine model fish. Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed 48h to four experimental conditions: a control group (C), a group only exposed to the dispersant (D; 3.6mg/L) and two groups exposed to 80mg/L oil mechanically or chemically dispersed (MD; CD). Alternative pathway of complement activity and lysozyme concentration was measured in plasma in order to evaluate the general fish health status. Total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in gills, liver, brain, intestine and muscle. The chemical dispersion induced a significant reduction of lysozyme concentration when compared to the controls, and the hemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway was increased in mechanical and chemical dispersion. The analysis of SOD, GPX and total glutathione showed that antioxidant defenses were activated in liver and reduced in intestine and brain. Dispersant was also responsible for an SOD activity inhibition in these two last tissues, demonstrating a direct effect of this dispersant on reactive oxygen species homeostasis that can be interpreted as a signal of tissue toxicity. This result should raise concern about the use of dispersants and show that they can lead to adverse effects on marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dussauze
- Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238 Brest Cedex 3, France; Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Morgane Danion
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Unit of Viral Pathology in Fish, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Karine Pichavant-Rafini
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Michaël Theron
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
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González-Doncel M, Carbonell G, San Segundo L, Sastre S, Beltrán EM, Fernández-Torija C. Stage-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in vivo activity in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:108-115. [PMID: 25930051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos, this study aimed to quantitatively characterize the stage-dependent in vivo ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) as indicator of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activity. Embryos were challenged for 24-h to an agonist (β-naphthoflavone [BNF], 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg L(-1)) or to its combination (2.5 μg L(-1)) with an antagonist (α-naphthoflavone [ANF], 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg L(-1)), initiated at four different developmental time points (1, 3, 6, and 9 d post-fertilization [dpf]). Respective induction and competitive inhibition were evaluated over fluorescent images of whole embryo (nonorgan-specific [NOS] EROD activity) and gallbladder (organ-specific [OS] EROD activity). Both flavonoids showed signs of stability in solution. Generally speaking, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values for NOS EROD increased with BNF concentration and exposure challenge. BNF co-exposure with ⩾50 μg ANF L(-1) during the 1-2 and 3-4 dpf challenges lowered NOS EROD to undetectably induced levels. Significant increments in MFIs for OS-EROD were seen from exposures to ⩾2.5 μg BNF L(-1), peaking during the 6-7 dpf challenge regardless of BNF concentration. The simultaneous BNF/ANF incubation showed competitive inhibition for OS EROD activity, although levels were generally detectably induced during all challenges and at all ANF concentrations. The morphometric in vivo gallbladder analysis indicated significant dilation in the 10 dpf-old embryos co-exposed to BNF and 200 μg ANF L(-1). This quantitative approach can be used successfully at 4 dpf at the NOS-EROD or OS-EROD levels, although the NOS-EROD response was sensitive enough to induction or inhibition, even at 2 dpf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gregoria Carbonell
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura San Segundo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Sastre
- Laboratory of Forest Soils, Department of Forest Ecology, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia M Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Torija
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Torreiro-Melo AGAG, Silva JS, Bianchini A, Zanardi-Lamardo E, de Carvalho PSM. Bioconcentration of phenanthrene and metabolites in bile and behavioral alterations in the tropical estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 132:17-23. [PMID: 25770832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in fish bile is widely used to evaluate levels of internal PAH contamination in fish, whereas behavioral effects are deemed important to address potential risks to fish populations. The estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara was exposed for 96h to waterborne phenanthrene at concentrations of 10, 50, 200 and 500μgL(-1). Phenanthrene and metabolites in bile were analyzed by fixed fluorescence at 260/380nm (excitation/emission) wavelengths. Phenanthrene increased in the bile of exposed fish in a dose-dependent pattern, and log bile bioconcentration factors ranged from 4.3 to 3.9 at 10 and 500μgL(-1) phenanthrene, respectively, values that are similar to predicted bioconcentration factors based on phenanthrene Kow. Swimming resistance index was reduced to 81% of control values at 500μgL(-1). Alteration of swimming speed was non monotonic, with a significant speed increase relative to control fish in treatments 50 and 200μgL(-1) phenanthrene, respectively, followed by a speed decrease in fish exposed to 500μgL(-1). However, swimming trajectories of fish exposed to 50, 200 and 500μgL(-1) was altered by the development of a repetitive circular swimming behavior, in contrast to the controls that explored the entire experimental arena. This change in swimming patterns apparently explains the reduction in prey capture rates at 200μgL(-1) phenanthrene. This study provides important information enabling the use of the estuarine guppy P. vivipara to monitor PAH metabolites in bile and its bioconcentration, linking internal exposure with ecologically relevant behavioral effects in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Gabrielle A G Torreiro-Melo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Scanoni Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos, Av. da Arquitetura, s/n, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Martins de Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
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McIntyre JK, Davis JW, Hinman C, Macneale KH, Anulacion BF, Scholz NL, Stark JD. Soil bioretention protects juvenile salmon and their prey from the toxic impacts of urban stormwater runoff. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 132:213-9. [PMID: 25576131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), or low impact development, encompasses a diverse and expanding portfolio of strategies to reduce the impacts of stormwater runoff on natural systems. Benchmarks for GSI success are usually framed in terms of hydrology and water chemistry, with reduced flow and loadings of toxic chemical contaminants as primary metrics. Despite the central goal of protecting aquatic species abundance and diversity, the effectiveness of GSI treatments in maintaining diverse assemblages of sensitive aquatic taxa has not been widely evaluated. In the present study we characterized the baseline toxicity of untreated urban runoff from a highway in Seattle, WA, across six storm events. For all storms, first flush runoff was toxic to the daphniid Ceriodaphnia dubia, causing up to 100% mortality or impairing reproduction among survivors. We then evaluated whether soil media used in bioretention, a conventional GSI method, could reduce or eliminate toxicity to juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as well as their macroinvertebrate prey, including cultured C. dubia and wild-collected mayfly nymphs (Baetis spp.). Untreated highway runoff was generally lethal to salmon and invertebrates, and this acute mortality was eliminated when the runoff was filtered through soil media in bioretention columns. Soil treatment also protected against sublethal reproductive toxicity in C. dubia. Thus, a relatively inexpensive GSI technology can be highly effective at reversing the acutely lethal and sublethal effects of urban runoff on multiple aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K McIntyre
- Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, WA, USA.
| | - J W Davis
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, Lacey, WA, USA
| | - C Hinman
- Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, WA, USA
| | - K H Macneale
- National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B F Anulacion
- National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N L Scholz
- National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J D Stark
- Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, WA, USA
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Kochhann D, Meyersieck Jardim M, Valdez Domingos FX, Val AL. Biochemical and behavioral responses of the Amazonian fish Colossoma macropomum to crude oil: the effect of oil layer on water surface. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:32-41. [PMID: 25450912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The largest Brazilian terrestrial province of petroleum mining is located at the margins of Urucu River, Amazonas. Mined crude oil is transported along 400 km across Solimões River to be refined in Manaus. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude oil exposure on biochemical, physiological and behavioral parameters of juveniles of the Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The toxicity of water-soluble and insoluble oil fractions and the influence of a layer formed by the oil on the water surface from low and high concentrations of crude oil were analyzed. The results showed a strong physical effect of oil at the water surface and a significant effect on fish behavior. Swimming time and response to alarm substance decreased when fish was exposed for just one day to water insoluble fraction, and remain lower after 30 days of exposure, compared to control. Chronic exposure to water insoluble fraction of the inert oil also affected these two parameters. Critical swimming velocity decreased in fish exposed to both crude and inert oil water insoluble fraction. These reductions are possibly related to a decrease in aerobic capacity. Only exposure to high concentrations of petroleum water-soluble fractions induced transient alterations of the analyzed parameters. The exposure of fish to low and high concentrations of water insoluble fraction of Urucu oil caused a reduction of responses to alarm substance, spontaneous swimming activity and swimming capacity (Ucrit), decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase, and increased activity of alkaline phosphatase. Severe hypertrophy of lamellar epithelium and extensive lamellar fusion of the gills were also observed. Overall, these results show significant behavioral and physiological changes caused by the oil layer on the water surface, which means that toxicity of petroleum produced by its chemical components is, in fact, in this fish species, enhanced by the presence of an oil phase as a physical barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Kochhann
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Meyersieck Jardim
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Xochilt Valdez Domingos
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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35
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Sturve J, Balk L, Liewenborg B, Adolfsson-Erici M, Förlin L, Carney Almroth B. Effects of an oil spill in a harbor assessed using biomarkers of exposure in eelpout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13758-13768. [PMID: 24819434 PMCID: PMC4236613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills occur commonly, and chemical compounds originating from oil spills are widespread in the aquatic environment. In order to monitor effects of a bunker oil spill on the aquatic environment, biomarker responses were measured in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) sampled along a gradient in Göteborg harbor where the oil spill occurred and at a reference site, 2 weeks after the oil spill. Eelpout were also exposed to the bunker oil in a laboratory study to validate field data. The results show that eelpout from the Göteborg harbor are influenced by contaminants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), also during "normal" conditions. The bunker oil spill strongly enhanced the biomarker responses. Results show elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities in all exposed sites, but, closest to the oil spill, the EROD activity was partly inhibited, possibly by PAHs. Elevated DNA adduct levels were also observed after the bunker oil spill. Chemical analyses of bile revealed high concentrations of PAH metabolites in the eelpout exposed to the oil, and the same PAH metabolite profile was evident both in eelpout sampled in the harbor and in the eelpout exposed to the bunker oil in the laboratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden,
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36
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Holth TF, Eidsvoll DP, Farmen E, Sanders MB, Martínez-Gómez C, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Guilhermino L, Hylland K. Effects of water accommodated fractions of crude oils and diesel on a suite of biomarkers in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:240-252. [PMID: 24929352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize concentration- and time-dependent responses in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following exposure for one and three weeks to the water-soluble fraction (WAF) of three weathered oils: Arabian Light crude oil (ALC), North Sea crude oil (NSC) and ship-diesel. The sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water was highest after one week of exposure and within environmentally relevant concentrations. PAH metabolites in bile confirmed exposure to and uptake of PAHs. Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression (mRNA quantification) increased dramatically following exposure to all three oil types (fold-change up to 165) and there was a time lag between gene and protein expression. Hepatic CYP1A protein concentration and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were more variable among individuals and treatments than gene expression. EROD activity in liver and gills increased in fish exposed to WAF from the two crude oils, but not in fish exposed to WAF from diesel. Exposure to diesel appeared to induce oxidative stress to a greater extent than exposure to crude oils. Other biomarkers (glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholine esterase, vitellogenin) did not appear to respond to the exposure and hence did not discriminate among oils. Biomarker responses in cod after exposure to weathered crude oils and diesel suggested that the CYP1A system and oxidative stress markers have the highest potential for discriminating among different oil types and to monitor the environmental consequences of spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Holth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - D P Eidsvoll
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Farmen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadaléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - M B Sanders
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Varadero 1, Spain
| | - H Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC/LPTC (UMR 5805 CNRS), 351 crs de la Libération, Talence, France
| | - T Burgeot
- IFREMER, Unit of Research in Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de I'lle d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - L Guilhermino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology & ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Hook SE, Gallagher EP, Batley GE. The role of biomarkers in the assessment of aquatic ecosystem health. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:327-41. [PMID: 24574147 PMCID: PMC4750648 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the health of aquatic ecosystems and identifying species at risk from the detrimental effects of environmental contaminants can be facilitated by integrating analytical chemical analysis with carefully selected biological endpoints measured in tissues of species of concern. These biological endpoints include molecular, biochemical, and physiological markers (i.e., biomarkers) that when integrated, can clarify issues of contaminant bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects while enabling a better understanding of the effects of nonchemical stressors. In the case of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. Furthermore, new approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. Although the use of biomarkers is not a new paradigm, such approaches have been underused in the context of ecological risk assessment and natural resource damage assessment. From a regulatory standpoint, these approaches can help better assess the complex effects from coastal development activities to assessing ecosystem integrity pre- and post development or site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Graeme E Batley
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
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Pearson WH. Comment on "multitissue molecular, genomic, and developmental effects of the deepwater horizon oil spill on resident Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis)". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7677-7678. [PMID: 24946159 DOI: 10.1021/es405220v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Pearson
- Stantec Consulting Services, Inc. 2321 Club Meridian Drive Suite E, Okemos, Michigan 48864, United States
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Loughery JR, Arciszewski TJ, Kidd KA, Mercer A, Hewitt LM, Maclatchy DL, Munkittrick KR. Understanding the chronic impacts of oil refinery wastewater requires consideration of sediment contributions to toxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:19-31. [PMID: 24220765 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies at an oil refinery in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, found a diminished fish community downstream of the effluent outfall that appeared to be associated with periodic low dissolved oxygen concentrations due to episodic discharges of contaminated transport vessel ballast water. This study was initiated after the ballast water was removed from the effluent to further investigate the potential causes of residual effects in the study stream, Little River. We used field caging of fish, laboratory bioassays, and chemical analysis of effluents and sediments from the field site to determine if the effluent or contaminated sediments were affecting the recovery of the fish community in Little River. The field studies suggested that exposed, caged fish were affected, displaying >40 % increases in liver sizes and increased liver detoxification enzyme activity (cytochrome P450 1A, CYP1A); however, similar responses were absent in laboratory exposures that used effluent only. Adding sediments collected from the vicinity of the refinery's outfall to the laboratory bioassays reproduced some of the field responses. Chemical analyses showed high concentrations of PAHs in sediments but low concentrations in the effluent, suggesting that the PAHs in the sediment were contributing more to the impacts than the effluent. Application of effects-based monitoring is suggested as beneficial to identify impacts to fisheries where refinery effluents of this type are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Loughery
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada,
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Kreitsberg R, Baršienė J, Freiberg R, Andreikėnaitė L, Tammaru T, Rumvolt K, Tuvikene A. Biomarkers of effects of hypoxia and oil-shale contaminated sediments in laboratory-exposed gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:227-235. [PMID: 24018143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In North-East Estonia, considerable amounts of toxicants (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, heavy metals) leach into water bodies through discharges from the oil-shale industry. In addition, natural and anthropogenic hypoxic events in water bodies affect the health of aquatic organisms. Here we report a study on the combined effects of contaminated sediment and hypoxia on the physiology of gibel carp (Carssius auratus gibelio). We conducted a laboratory exposure study that involved exposure to polluted sediments from oil-shale industries (River Purtse) and sediments from a relatively clean environment (River Selja), together with sediments spiked with PAHs. The oxygen content (saturation vs. hypoxia (< 2 mg/L)) was changed to reflect hypoxia. A multi-biomarker approach was chosen to enable the combined effects to be assessed comprehensively and integratively. We used HPLC to measure the PAH concentration in sediment and fish muscle, fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) analyses to indicate the presence of PAH metabolites in fish bile, and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes as markers of geno- and cyto-toxicity; and we monitored the change in body condition and measured EROD activity to indicate CYP1A induction. High levels of PAH conjugates in fish bile were found in the group exposed to the Purtse River sediment under hypoxia. The results suggested that induction of the CYP1A gene was modulated by hypoxia as well as by heavy metals. We found a correlation between several erythrocyte abnormalities (8-shaped nuclei and blebbed nuclei) and PAH metabolite content in fish. In conclusion, a measurable effect of pollution from the oil-shale industry on fish health parameters was clear under different oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randel Kreitsberg
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, 61117 Tartu County, Estonia; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51020 Tartu, Estonia.
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Kim HN, Park CI, Chae YS, Shim WJ, Kim M, Addison RF, Jung JH. Acute toxic responses of the rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) to Iranian heavy crude oil: feeding disrupts the biotransformation and innate immune systems. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:357-365. [PMID: 23684809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the toxic effects of Iranian Heavy Crude Oil (IHCO) from the "Hebei spirit" oil spill, innate immune toxic effects defending on biotransformation pathway have been investigated on fish exposed to IHCO. Juvenile rockfish were exposed to IHCO in gelatin capsules by feeding. The effects on multiple fish biotransformation enzymes (Cytochrome P4501A and glutathione-S-transferase) and the expression level of the several immune response genes, including interleukin-1beta, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and Cathepsin L, were measured in the liver, spleen and kidney. The tissue-specific expression patterns of these genes demonstrated that the highest expression levels of Cytochrome P4501A, glutathione-S-transferase, interleukin-1beta, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon stimulated gene 15 and Cathepsin L were found in the liver and that the TNF receptor was high in spleen. The oil-fed fish had significantly higher concentrations of biliary fluorescent metabolites and Cytochrome P4501A expression during the initial stage (12 ∼ 48 h after exposure) than those in the liver and kidney of the sham group. Similarly, the highest mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1beta and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were detected in the liver at the early stages of exposure (12 h after exposure). Following exposure, the levels of interferon stimulated gene 15 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mRNA remained high at 120 h after exposure in the liver but the levels of interleukin-1beta and Cathepsin L gradually decreased to an expression level equal to or less than the sham group. Our data suggest that the innate immune and hepatodetoxification responses in oil-fed fish were induced at the initial stage of exposure to the IHCO at the same time but several immune-related genes decreased to less than that of the sham group after the initial stage of response. Therefore, immune disturbances in fish exposed to IHCO may allow the pathogens, including the infectious diseases, to more easily affect the oil exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Kim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangbuk-Ri, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
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Santos CA, Lenz D, Brandão GP, Chippari-Gomes AR, Gomes LC. Acute toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of diesel in Prochilodus vimboidesKner (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252013000100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboideswere assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.
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Bratberg M, Olsvik PA, Edvardsen RB, Brekken HK, Vadla R, Meier S. Effects of oil pollution and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on glycerophospholipids in liver and brain of male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2157-2171. [PMID: 23266412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fish in the North Sea are exposed to relatively high levels of halogenated compounds in addition to the pollutants released by oil production activities. In this study male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were orally exposed to environmental realistic levels (low and high) of weathered crude oil and/or a mixture of POPs for 4weeks. Lipid composition in brain and in liver extracts were analysed in order to assess the effects of the various pollutants on membrane lipid composition and fatty acid profiles. Transcriptional effects in the liver were studied by microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Chemical analyses confirmed uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in the liver and excretion of metabolites of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bile. Treatment with POPs and/or crude oil did not induce significant changes in lipid composition in cod liver. Only a few minor changes were observed in the fatty acid profile of the brain and the lipid classes in the liver. The hypothesis that pollution from oil or POPs at environmental realistic levels alters the lipid composition in marine fish was therefore not confirmed in this study. However, the transcriptional data suggest that the fish were affected by the treatment at the mRNA level. This study suggests that a combination of oil and POPs induce the CYP1a detoxification system and gives an increase in the metabolism and clearing rate of PAHs and POPs, but with no effects on membrane lipids in male Atlantic cod.
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Fraker MA. Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Deaths in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1985-1990. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2013; 19:28-52. [PMID: 23335844 PMCID: PMC3545487 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.719385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During 1985-1990, two groups of killer whales in Prince William Sound, Alaska, experienced unusually high rates of mortality, while seven others did not. Those affected were AB pod, part of the southern Alaska population of resident (fish-eating) killer whales, and the AT1 transient (marine mammal-eating) group, a very small, reproductively isolated population that last reproduced in 1984. In 1985-1986, several AB pod members were shot by fishermen defending their catch from depredation, which explains some of the deaths. Understanding the other deaths is complicated by the Exxon Valdez oil spill (March 1989) and uncertainties about the causes and times of the deaths. For AB pod, possible factors involved in the post-spill mortalities are delayed effects of bullet wounds, continued shooting, oil exposure, and consequences of being orphaned. For the AT1 group, possible factors are oil exposure, small population size, old age, and high-contaminant burdens. An analysis of possible effects of inhalation of volatile organic compounds, contact with the oil slick, and ingestion of oil with water or prey did not reveal route(s) of exposure that could explain the mortalities. The cause(s) of the killer whale deaths recorded following the oil spill remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Fraker
- TerraMar Environmental Research Ltd., Sidney, BC, Canada
- Address correspondence to Mark A. Fraker, TerraMar Environmental Research Ltd., 8617 Lochside Drive, Sidney, BC V8L 1M8, Canada. E-mail:
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Cariello Delunardo FA, Ferreira da Silva B, Paulino MG, Narciso Fernandes M, Chippari-Gomes AR. Genotoxic and morphological damage in Hippocampus reidi exposed to crude oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 87:1-9. [PMID: 23116620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article investigates the responses of Hippocampus reidi exposed to crude oil (10mL/L) for time periods that are characteristic of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96h) and subchronic (168 and 336h) and its recovery at 168h, such as to assess H. reidi as a good sentinel species. These responses were examined by genotoxic and morphologic analyses. There was a control group (n=8) for each group exposed to crude oil (n=8). The results revealed the occurrence of genotoxic damage in erythrocytes of all specimens exposed to crude oil. The damage index (DI) observed for all exposure times were significantly higher compared to those of the respective control groups; the highest DI was observed in specimens exposed to crude oil for 168h. The group exposed to crude oil for 96h had the highest values of micronuclei than all other exposure times. Microscopic inspection of the H. reidi gills revealed the presence of several histopathological changes, all of which were minor severity (structural normal gills). The recovery experiment revealed a significant reduction in genotoxic damages, however the period of 168h was not sufficient to recuperate the histopathology damages. The Seahorse has presented significant genotoxic responses after exposure to crude oil. Furthermore, it is a sedentary fish and is widely distributed; in conclusion this specie can be considered an excellent sentinel organism.
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Rocha AJDS, Santos TCA, Gomes V, Bícego MC, Barbosa ACRDA, Passos MJDACR, Hasue FM, Van Ngan P. Assessment of trophic transfer of benzo(a)pyrene genotoxicity from the post-larval pink shrimp F. brasiliensis to the juvenile Florida pompano T. carolinus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:969-976. [PMID: 22974793 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) genotoxicity was investigated in a one-step predator-prey relationship with the trophic-related marine species. Florida pompanos were fed for 5 and 10 days with pink shrimp post larvae previously exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentrations. Parent BaP body burden was measured in samples of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. BaP metabolites were determined in bile samples of Trachinotus carolinus and DNA damage was assessed through the comet and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) assays in fish erythrocytes. BaP body burden increased significantly with the PAH concentration in pink shrimp PLs as well as the fish bile BaP metabolites. Both, comet and ENAs assays indicated significant increase on erythrocyte DNA damage of Florida pompanos fed with BaP-exposed pink shrimp on both feeding periods. The trophic route of BaP genotoxicity is discussed as well as the PAH biotransformation as the inducing mechanism for the DNA damages observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José da Silva Rocha
- Laboratory of Marine Life Ecophysiology, Department of Oceanographic Biology, Institute of Oceanography, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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da Silva Rocha AJ, Gomes V, Rocha Passos MJDAC, Hasue FM, Alves Santos TC, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Van Ngan P. EROD activity and genotoxicity in the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:995-1003. [PMID: 22974795 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri is a marine species that lives in shallow waters of coastal environments, often impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) pollution. In the present study, seabob shrimp were exposed for 96 h to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at the nominal concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 microg-L(-1). Animals of the control groups were exposed either to clean water or to the BaP-carrier (DMSO). At the end of the exposures, muscle tissues were sampled for BaP uptake assessment and hepatopancreas and hemolymph for EROD enzyme activity and hemocytes DNA damage, respectively. EROD activity and DNA damage increased significantly as a function of BaP exposure concentrations. Significant correlations between BaP uptake and both EROD activity and DNA damage suggest that they can be used as suitable tools for integrated levels of study on the biomarkers of PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia de Animais Marinhos, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Radović JR, Rial D, Lyons BP, Harman C, Viñas L, Beiras R, Readman JW, Thomas KV, Bayona JM. Post-incident monitoring to evaluate environmental damage from shipping incidents: chemical and biological assessments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 109:136-153. [PMID: 22705812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oil and chemical spills in the marine environment are an issue of growing concern. Oil exploration and exploitation is moving from the continental shelf to deeper waters, and to northern latitudes where the risk of an oil spill is potentially greater and may affect pristine ecosystems. Moreover, a growing number of chemical products are transported by sea and maritime incidents of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) are expected to increase. Consequently, it seems timely to review all of the experience gained from past spills to be able to cope with appropriate response and mitigation strategies to combat future incidents. Accordingly, this overview is focused on the dissemination of the most successful approaches to both detect and assess accidental releases using chemical as well as biological approaches for spills of either oil or HNS in the marine environment. Aerial surveillance, sampling techniques for water, suspended particles, sediments and biota are reviewed. Early warning bioassays and biomarkers to assess spills are also presented. Finally, research needs and gaps in knowledge are discussed.
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Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2012; 13:448. [PMID: 22943471 PMCID: PMC3460786 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expansion of aquaculture requires alternative feeds and breeding strategies to reduce dependency on fish oil (FO) and better utilization of dietary vegetable oil (VO). Despite the central role of intestine in maintaining body homeostasis and health, its molecular response to replacement of dietary FO by VO has been little investigated. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study effects of dietary VO in two family groups of Atlantic salmon selected for flesh lipid content, 'Lean' or 'Fat'. Results Metabolism, particularly of lipid and energy, was the functional category most affected by diet. Important effects were also measured in ribosomal proteins and signalling. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis pathway, assessed by fatty acid composition and gene expression, was influenced by genotype. Intestinal tissue contents of docosahexaenoic acid were equivalent in Lean salmon fed either a FO or VO diet and expression of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes was up-regulated in VO-fed fish in Fat salmon. Dietary VO increased lipogenesis in Lean fish, assessed by expression of FAS, while no effect was observed on β-oxidation although transcripts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were down-regulated, suggesting less active energetic metabolism in fish fed VO. In contrast, dietary VO up-regulated genes and proteins involved in detoxification, antioxidant defence and apoptosis, which could be associated with higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this diet. Regarding genotype, the following pathways were identified as being differentially affected: proteasomal proteolysis, response to oxidative and cellular stress (xenobiotic and oxidant metabolism and heat shock proteins), apoptosis and structural proteins particularly associated with tissue contractile properties. Genotype effects were accentuated by dietary VO. Conclusions Intestinal metabolism was affected by diet and genotype. Lean fish may have higher responsiveness to low dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, up-regulating the biosynthetic pathway when fed dietary VO. As global aquaculture searches for alternative oils for feeds, this study alerts to the potential of VO introducing contaminants and demonstrates the detoxifying role of intestine. Finally, data indicate genotype-specific responses in the intestinal transcriptome and proteome to dietary VO, including possibly structural properties of the intestinal layer and defence against cellular stress, with Lean fish being more susceptible to diet-induced oxidative stress.
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Della Torre C, Tornambè A, Cappello S, Mariottini M, Perra G, Giuliani S, Amato E, Falugi C, Crisari A, Yakimov MM, Magaletti E. Modulation of CYP1A and genotoxic effects in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to weathered oil: a mesocosm study. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 76:48-55. [PMID: 21963215 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess medium-term toxicity of weathered oil on European seabass. A mesocosm system reproducing an oil spill at sea was applied. Fish were collected after 48 h, 7, 30 and 60 days. Cyp1a gene transcription, EROD and UDPGT activities, bile PAHs metabolites and micronuclei frequency were investigated. A progressive disappearance of low molecular weight n-alkanes and PAHs in the water of the mesocosm occurred during the experimentation. Fishes exposed to oil displayed a significant increase of cyp1a expression and EROD activity during the entire experiment as well as higher concentrations of PAHs metabolites in bile. Micronulei frequency resulted significantly higher during all experiment in oil exposed sea bass compared to controls. The results highlight the environmental risk associated with the release of oil products at sea and confirm the adopted parameters as useful tools for studying the impact of accidental oil spills on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Environmental Sciences "G. Sarfatti", University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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