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McCausland K, Booth S, Leaversuch F, Freeman B, Wolf K, Leaver T, Jancey J. Socio-ecological factors that influence youth vaping: perspectives from Western Australian school professionals, parents and young people. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2322753. [PMID: 38416991 PMCID: PMC10903751 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2322753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand from the perspectives of school professionals, parents and young people the socio-ecological factors that may facilitate and prevent e-cigarette use among young people in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit school professionals, parents and young people for one-on-one (n = 35) or joint (n = 3) interviews (in-person n = 11 or online n = 27). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and classified into four domains based on the socio-ecological model: i) individual, ii) interpersonal, iii) organizational/community and iv) societal/policy. RESULTS Factors that were found to support vaping among young people included sensation-seeking and risk-taking behaviour; a low-risk perception of vapes; attractive characteristics of vapes; ease of access; perception vaping is a social activity; and lack of knowledge about vaping among parents and school professionals. Vaping prevention messages originating from the familial, educational and community spheres are lacking but wanted by adults and young people. CONCLUSIONS The pervasiveness of the e-cigarette trade and persistent challenges related to surveillance and enforcement need to be addressed to reduce exposure and access to e-cigarettes. A mixture of "hard" and "soft" public policy tools involving key stakeholders in a range of settings is needed to prevent e-cigarette access and uptake by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Booth
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tama Leaver
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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McLeish AC, Hart JL, Wood LA, Walker KL. Differences in young adults' perceptions of e-cigarettes by history of use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:2099-2103. [PMID: 35882085 PMCID: PMC9877241 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined group differences in college students' views on e-cigarettes in terms of safety, popularity, health risks, social acceptability, efficacy as a cessation aid, and promoting combustible cigarette use. Participants: 337 undergraduates (Mage = 20.84, SD = 3.79; 72.1% female; 68.5% White) divided into three groups: Never Users (n = 178), Ever Users (n = 108), and Current Users (n = 51). Methods: Participants completed questionnaires for course credit. Results: Compared to Ever and Never Users, Current Users believed e-cigarettes were safer, healthier, a useful tool to quit smoking, did not lead to combustible cigarette smoking, and that nicotine was less dangerous. Current Users also were less likely to endorse boosting social image as a motive for use. Conclusions: Public health campaigns could benefit from targeting current users' positive beliefs about e-cigarettes to reduce the prevalence of e-cigarette use among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville
| | - Lindsey A. Wood
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Louisville
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville
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Yang X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Cao W, Zhang C, Wang X, Wang S, Chang C. E-cigarette use and associated factors among adults aged 18-44 years in China: Findings from an online survey. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-153. [PMID: 39247719 PMCID: PMC11380161 DOI: 10.18332/tid/191994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There needs to be more up-to-date evidence on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Chinese adults. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use among adults aged 18-44 years in China. METHODS Cross-sectional design and convenience sampling were used. The data for this study were obtained from an online survey conducted in mainland China from April to May 2023. The target population was adults aged 18-44 years. Descriptive analysis was employed to report the prevalence of e-cigarette use, while adjusted multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between e-cigarette use and related factors. RESULTS A total of 4256 participants were included in this study; 12.9% were current e-cigarette users, 5.9% were frequent users, and 7.0% were occasional users. The descriptive analysis results indicated that males and cigarette users had a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use. Multivariable analysis showed that e-cigarette use was significantly associated with female gender (AOR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.96), those aged 25-34 years with monthly income 6000-8999 CNY (AOR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.18-3.41), those aged 25-34 years with monthly income ≥9000 CNY (AOR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.26-3.82), college or undergraduate degree (AOR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.22-3.00), urban residence (AOR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.34-2.20), being a current smoker (AOR=3.32; 95% CI: 2.64-4.16), perception of harm (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.60-0.73), and perception of benefit (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 2.04-2.61). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of current e-cigarette use among adults in China was 12.9% within our sample. In addition to sociodemographic factors, individuals with a higher perception of the harm associated with e-cigarettes were less likely to engage in e-cigarette consumption. Conversely, individuals who perceive the 'benefits' of e-cigarettes more favorably use them. Targeted interventions, such as health education, are recommended to help adults develop a correct understanding of e-cigarettes and lower the prevalence of e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanchao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiangsu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zheng X, Li W, Li R, Yang M, Lin HC. Exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content on social media associated with greater vulnerability to e-cigarette use among youth non-users. Addict Behav 2024; 156:108061. [PMID: 38744213 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social media are important venues for youth's exposure to e-cigarette content. This study examined how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (i.e., content created and shared by individual social media users) is associated with vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use among youth non-users. METHODS We pooled data from the 2021 and 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youth who have never used e-cigarettes were included. Weighted linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (from real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers) on social media was associated with e-cigarette use vulnerabilities measured by perceived norms, perceived risk, and susceptibility of use, controlling for demographics, advertising exposure, and mental health conditions. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data. RESULTS Exposure to e-cigarette content on social media posted by real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers were associated with more positive descriptive norm (βs = 1.56, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, all ps < .001), more positive injunctive norm (βs = 0.46, 0.19, and 0.10, respectively, all ps < .001), and higher odds of e-cigarette use susceptibility (ORs = 1.48, 1.50. 1.29, respectively, all ps < .001). Exposure to content posted by real-life and online-only friends were associated with reduced risk perception of e-cigarette use (β = -0.04, p < 0.05 and β = -0.07, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted that friends and celebrities/influencers are important sources on social media that can influence youth non-users' vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use. Interventional messages communicated through friends and influencers on social media may in turn help reduce e-cigarette vulnerability among youth non-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zheng
- School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ruobing Li
- School of Communication and Journalism, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Buettner-Schmidt K, Fraase KS, Barnacle M, Peltier A, Saarinen H, Maack B, Turrubiates N. A review of vaping's health effects, treatment, and policy implications: Nursing's call to action. Nurse Pract 2024; 49:36-47. [PMID: 39186124 PMCID: PMC11343445 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emergence and subsequent surge in popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), especially among adolescents and young adults, have reshaped the landscape of tobacco consumption, including use patterns and beliefs as well as therapeutic approaches to the condition. The health implications of ENDS are a cause for concern among NPs, as they include severe nicotine dependence, mental health consequences, and adverse effects on respiratory and cardiac systems, among other issues. This article focuses on the health implications of vaping across the lifespan and emphasizes the need for NPs to evaluate ENDS use consistently across age groups and offer age-appropriate treatment within the clinical setting. Importantly, although vaping is prevalent among various age groups, most tobacco use, including vaping, begins and becomes established during adolescence. This back-to-school season therefore marks an ideal time for NPs to educate their pediatric patients, along with their parents or caregivers, about the widespread effects of vaping on health, and it also serves as a reminder to screen for the condition in adults, regardless of smoking history. To combat this trend on a larger scale, NPs can further advocate for community health by promoting youth prevention programs and supporting policy initiatives aimed at curbing ENDS use.
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Klosterhalfen S, Kotz D, Kastaun S. Smokers' perception of the comparative health risks of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: a survey among the German population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:e400-e409. [PMID: 38741461 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products can pose different health risks (harm continuum). As current tobacco smokers could benefit from switching to less harmful products, we aimed to assess current smokers' perceived comparative health risks of these three products and to explore associations between risk perceptions and specific user characteristics. METHODS We analysed data from 11 waves (2019-2021; N = 5657 current tobacco smokers) of a representative, cross-sectional household survey conducted in Germany. Associations were assessed with multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS 55.2% of smokers (95%CI = 53.8-56.5%) ranked cigarettes as the most harmful product. 36.1% of smokers (95%CI = 34.8-37.3%) perceived e-cigarettes and 33.8% (95%CI = 32.5-35.0%) heated tobacco products as more harmful than cigarettes. Misperceptions that e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products are more harmful to health than cigarettes increased over the 3-year study period and were more common among those with lower educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Only half of current tobacco smokers in Germany perceive the comparative health risks of cigarettes adequately and such misperceptions have increased recently. As current smokers could benefit most from switching to less harmful products, educational campaigns are needed to inform this group about the health risks of tobacco smoking and the comparative health risks of the various nicotine and tobacco products along the harm continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klosterhalfen
- Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotz
- Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, WC1E 7HB London, UK
| | - Sabrina Kastaun
- Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Patient-Physician Communication Research Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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McLeish AC, Smith CL, Tomlinson MM, Kerstiens S, Walker KL, Hart JL. E-Cigarette Use Behavior and Expectancies Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual College Student E-Cigarette Users. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39155511 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: College students who identify as a sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other sexual orientation) are at higher risk for e-cigarette use than their heterosexual or "straight" peers. However, little is known about factors, such as e-cigarette outcome expectancies, that might influence these differences in prevalence rates. Therefore, the current study examined differences between heterosexual and sexual minority college student e-cigarette users in terms of days of past-month e-cigarette use, e-cigarette dependence, and e-cigarette outcome expectancies. A secondary aim of the study was to examine whether outcome expectancies served as an explanatory mechanism in the association between sexual minority status and e-cigarette use frequency and dependence. Methods: Participants were heterosexual (n = 90; Mage = 19.65, SD = 2.70; 76.7% female; 77.8% White) and sexual minority (n = 44; Mage = 20.02, SD = 2.18; 68.2% female; 90.9% White) college student e-cigarette users who completed self-report measures. Results: Students who identified as a sexual minority reported greater e-cigarette dependence, more frequent past 30-day use, and greater negative consequences and positive reinforcement e-cigarette outcome expectancies. Follow-up mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of sexual minority status on both days of past-month e-cigarette use and e-cigarette dependence through expectancies for negative consequences and positive reinforcement. Conclusions: These findings suggest that positive reinforcement and negative consequences outcome expectancies may be contributing to the disparities in e-cigarette use among college students who identify as a sexual minority and could be useful targets for cessation interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Courteney L Smith
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Madeline M Tomlinson
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Savanna Kerstiens
- School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kandi L Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joy L Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Heywood J, Abele G, Langenbach B, Litvin S, Smallets S, Paustenbach D. Composition of e-cigarette aerosols: A review and risk assessment of selected compounds. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39147402 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The potential harms and benefits of e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have received significant attention from public health and regulatory communities. Such products may provide a reduced risk means of nicotine delivery for combustible cigarette smokers while being inappropriately appealing to nicotine naive youth. Numerous authors have examined the chemical complexity of aerosols from various open- and closed-system ENDS. This body of literature is reviewed here, with the risks of ENDS aerosol exposure among users evaluated with a margin of exposure (MoE) approach for two non-carcinogens (methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde) and a cancer risk analysis for the carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). We identified 96 relevant papers, including 17, 13, and 5 reporting data for methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde, and NNN, respectively. Using low-end (minimum aerosol concentration, low ENDS use) and high-end (maximum aerosol concentration, high ENDS use) assumptions, estimated doses for methylglyoxal (1.78 × 10-3-135 μg/kg-bw/day) and butyraldehyde (1.9 × 10-4-66.54 μg/kg-bw/day) corresponded to MoEs of 227-17,200,000 and 271-280,000,000, respectively, using identified points of departure (PoDs). Doses of 9.90 × 10-6-1.99 × 10-4 μg/kg-bw/day NNN corresponded to 1.4-28 surplus cancers per 100,000 ENDS users, relative to a NNN-attributable surplus of 7440 per 100,000 cigarette smokers. It was concluded that methylglyoxal and butyraldehyde in ENDS aerosols, while not innocuous, did not present a significant risk of irritant effects among ENDS users. The carcinogenic risks of NNN in ENDS aerosols were reduced, but not eliminated, relative to concentrations reported in combustible cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Heywood
- Paustenbach and Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Insight Exposure & Risk Sciences Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Besaratinia A, Tommasi S. The Untapped Biomarker Potential of MicroRNAs for Health Risk-Benefit Analysis of Vaping vs. Smoking. Cells 2024; 13:1330. [PMID: 39195220 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) among adolescent never-smokers and adult smokers seeking a less pernicious substitute for tobacco cigarettes, the long-term health impact of vaping is largely unknown. Like cigarette smoke, e-cig vapor contains harmful and potentially harmful compounds, although in fewer numbers and at substantially lower concentrations. Many of the same constituents of e-cig vapor and cigarette smoke induce epigenetic changes that can lead to the dysregulation of disease-related genes. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in health and disease states. Extensive research has shown that miRNAs play a prominent role in the regulation of genes involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases. However, the use of miRNAs for investigating the disease-causing potential of vaping has not been fully explored. This review article provides an overview of e-cigs as a highly consequential electronic nicotine delivery system, describes trends in e-cig use among adolescents and adults, and discusses the ongoing debate on the public health impact of vaping. Highlighting the significance of miRNAs in cell biology and disease, it summarizes the published and ongoing research on miRNAs in relation to gene regulation and disease pathogenesis in e-cig users and in vitro experimental settings. It identifies gaps in knowledge and priorities for future research while underscoring the need for empirical evidence that can inform the regulation of tobacco products to protect youth and promote public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stella Tommasi
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Zavala-Arciniega L, Cook S, Hirschtick JL, Xie Y, Mukerjee R, Arenberg D, Barnes GD, Levy DT, Meza R, Fleischer NL. Longitudinal associations between exclusive, dual and polytobacco use and respiratory illness among youth. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2159. [PMID: 39118071 PMCID: PMC11312221 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health consequences of polytobacco use are not well understood. We evaluated prospective associations between exclusive, dual, and polytobacco use and diagnosed bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic cough among US youth. METHODS Data came from Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We categorized time-varying past 30-day tobacco use into seven categories: (1) non-current use; exclusive use of 2) cigarettes, 3) e-cigarettes, and 4) other combustible products (OC; pipes, hookah, and cigars); dual use of 5) e-cigarettes + cigarettes or e-cigarettes + OC, and 6) cigarettes + OC; and 7) polyuse of all three products. The outcome was parent-reported diagnosis of bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic cough among youth. We conducted weighted multilevel Poisson models (person n = 17,517, 43,290 observations) to examine the longitudinal exposure-outcome relationship, adjusting for covariates: sex, age, race and ethnicity, parental education, body mass index, secondhand smoke exposure, and household use of combustible products. RESULTS Compared to nonuse, exclusive cigarette use (Risk Ratio (RR) = 1.83, 95% CI 1.25-2.68), exclusive e-cigarette use (RR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.15), combustible product + e-cigarette dual use (RR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.18-3.04), cigarettes + OC dual use (RR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.11-3.48), and polytobacco use (RR = 3.06 95% CI 1.67-5.63) were associated with a higher risk of bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic cough. In additional analyses, we found that the risk ratio for polytobacco use was higher compared to exclusive e-cigarette use (RR 2.01 CI 95% 1.02-3.95), but not higher compared to exclusive cigarette use (RR 1.67 CI 95% 0.85-3.28). CONCLUSION We found that exclusive, dual, and poly tobacco use were all associated with higher risk of bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic cough compared to non-current use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zavala-Arciniega
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Steven Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jana L Hirschtick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richa Mukerjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Douglas Arenberg
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Barnes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - David T Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Besaratinia A, Blumenfeld H, Tommasi S. Exploring the Utility of Long Non-Coding RNAs for Assessing the Health Consequences of Vaping. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8554. [PMID: 39126120 PMCID: PMC11313266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, otherwise known as "vaping", is widespread among adolescent never-smokers and adult smokers seeking a less-harmful alternative to combustible tobacco products. To date, however, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown. Many toxicants and carcinogens present in e-cig vapor and tobacco smoke exert their biological effects through epigenetic changes that can cause dysregulation of disease-related genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as prime regulators of gene expression in health and disease states. A large body of research has shown that lncRNAs regulate genes involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated diseases; however, the utility of lncRNAs for assessing the disease-causing potential of vaping remains to be fully determined. A limited but growing number of studies has shown that lncRNAs mediate dysregulation of disease-related genes in cells and tissues of vapers as well as cells treated in vitro with e-cig aerosol extract. This review article provides an overview of the evolution of e-cig technology, trends in use, and controversies on the safety, efficacy, and health risks or potential benefits of vaping relative to smoking. While highlighting the importance of lncRNAs in cell biology and disease, it summarizes the current and ongoing research on the modulatory effects of lncRNAs on gene regulation and disease pathogenesis in e-cig users and in vitro experimental settings. The gaps in knowledge are identified, priorities for future research are highlighted, and the importance of empirical data for tobacco products regulation and public health is underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.B.); (S.T.)
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Williams BS, Kaye JT. Addressing Substance Use in the Adolescent Transplant Population. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14815. [PMID: 38924242 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a unique period of physical and psychosocial changes as youth transition, over many years, to adulthood. The psychosocial changes that accompany adolescence include emotional separation from parents, greater influence of peer groups, an interest in self-identification and autonomy, and increased risk-taking behaviors. Substance use is a common form of risk-taking behavior in the adolescent developmental stage. Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis are the most common types of substances used in the United States. In the adolescent transplant population, rates of substance use appear to be at, or slightly below, their peer counterparts. Substance use can lead to deleterious health outcomes for adolescent transplant patients as a result of impaired decision-making, reduction in medication and clinic visit compliance, increases in mental health disorders, and risk for developing dependence and a substance use disorder. Given the close relationship that many pediatric transplant providers have with their patients and families, transplant care teams are in an excellent position to help their patients by addressing adolescent substance use. This narrative review describes how providers can use proactive standardized approaches to identify and intervene with substance use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Williams
- Division of Hospital Medicine and Complex Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jesse T Kaye
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Naranjo-Lara P, Morales-Lapo E, Hidalgo MR, Tello-De-la-Torre A, Vásconez-Gonzáles E, Salazar-Santoliva C, Loaiza-Guevara V, Rincón Hernández W, Becerra DA, González MBD, López-Cortés A, Ortiz-Prado E. Direct health implications of e-cigarette use: a systematic scoping review with evidence assessment. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1427752. [PMID: 39135931 PMCID: PMC11317248 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1427752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background E-cigarettes are often marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Despite their popularity, the evidence regarding their effects on human health remains unclear and is filled with complexities. Objectives This systematic review aims to elucidate the direct effects of electronic cigarette use on human health, carefully distinguishing between the specific characteristics of the populations studied. Methodology Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases without date restrictions, including articles in both Spanish and English. This approach enabled the identification and analysis of primary studies to understand the direct effect of electronic cigarettes on human health. Results A total of 33 studies were included that evaluated cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, weight and fertility effects. Only five studies analyzed e-cigarettes in healthy populations and seven studies compared healthy individuals against smokers. The effects evaluated on smokers or former tobacco smokers were apparently positive, however, among healthy individuals, increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxidative stress, alteration of respiratory epithelial cells and increased airflow resistance were found. Conclusion Smokers or former smokers who switch to e-cigarettes may reduce their exposure to carcinogens and lower their risk of developing severe health issues associated with conventional smoking. However, in healthy individuals who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, the use of e-cigarettes introduces several cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects. These findings suggest that while e-cigarettes can be a strategic harm reduction tool for smokers, they are not a safe option for non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricio Naranjo-Lara
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Estefanía Morales-Lapo
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marlon R. Hidalgo
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Naranjo K, Awada C, Zelikoff JT. The effects of electronic cigarette inhalation on immune responses: Perspectives from animal model studies. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:606-607. [PMID: 38777725 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
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Zheng R, Meng L, Su S, Goodchild M. How does the e-cigarette industry respond to tax adjustments? Evidence from China. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-73. [PMID: 38725964 PMCID: PMC11080932 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China enacted an excise tax on e-cigarettes in November 2022, which offers a distinctive opportunity to examine the industry's reactions to this fiscal adjustment. This study delves into the industry's pricing strategies following the introduction of the excise tax, facilitating a thorough assessment of the subsequent impact on market dynamics and the government's revenue streams. METHODS We developed a TaXSiM model specifically tailored for e-cigarettes in China by integrating the country's e-cigarette tax framework. Our approach involved leveraging market data obtained from a representative product, the RELX Phantom Series, to ensure the model's effectiveness and relevance. RESULTS The excise implementation of 2022 significantly heightened the tax burden on e-cigarettes, marking an increase of approximately 150 RMB per device and 19 RMB per cartridge. Despite these financial pressures, electronic cigarette firms exemplified by RELX, strategically endeavored to sustain competitiveness. Their approach involved initially implementing a 'Razor blade model' and eventually a 'comprehensive under-shifting' strategy, which mitigated the health impact of the tax hike, resulting in a relatively minor decline in sales while amplifying the impact on tax revenue. However, this strategic pricing maneuver came at a cost, as it led to a substantial decrease in profits, and therefore expedited a reshuffling of the industry by compelling smaller brands to leave the market rapidly. CONCLUSIONS To effectively curb the use of e-cigarettes through tax policies, it is advisable to relocate the imposition of excise taxes on electronic cigarettes to the retail stage. This shift aims to narrow the scope for industry-level pricing strategies. Furthermore, this approach should be coupled with the introduction of an additional specific tax, strategically crafted to accentuate the health-related benefits associated with the excise taxation on electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zheng
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Meng
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Su
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
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Ghanim M, Rabayaa M, Abuawad M, Saeedi M, Amer J. E-cigarette use among university students in Palestine: Prevalence, knowledge, and determinant factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302946. [PMID: 38718008 PMCID: PMC11078419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports indicated accelerated rates of e-cigarette use, especially among youth in various Middle Eastern countries, including Palestine. Nevertheless, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding this topic in Palestine. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Palestinian university students, along with their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about e-cigarette use. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study, utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire, was conducted on Palestinian students from five universities between 17/04/2023 and 04/11/2023. RESULTS A total of 1002 Palestinian university students completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was 18.1%. The mean knowledge score about e-cigarettes was significantly lower among the users of e-cigarettes compared to non-users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with the participants' smoking status. Among e-cigarette users, 43.6% were also current traditional cigarette users, and 66.9% were current waterpipe users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with having a friend who is a smoker and/ or a smoking mother. Binary logistic regression revealed a significant positive effect between the participant's smoking status, the mother's smoking status, knowledge about e-cigarettes, and the use of e-cigarettes (p-value < 0.05). Among e-cigarette users, 18.8% used them in indoor places at the university, and 25% reported using them daily in the past month. Affordability of e-cigarettes was the most reported reason for their use (47.5%). CONCLUSION This study concluded that e-cigarette use is prevalent and rapidly rising among university students in Palestine. This is worrisome as it is significantly associated with insufficient knowledge about the adverse health effects of E-cigarette use, and its addictive nature. These findings focus on the importance of improving the students' knowledge about e-cigarette use by implementing educational campaigns and considering age regulations on e-cigarette availability and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maha Rabayaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Abuawad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Munther Saeedi
- Language Centre, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Hair EC, Tulsiani S, Aseltine M, Do EK, Lien R, Zapp D, Green M, Vallone D. Vaping-Know the Truth: Evaluation of an Online Vaping Prevention Curriculum. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:468-474. [PMID: 37545361 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231191099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unacceptably high levels of e-cigarette use among youth paired with growing research about the dangers of vaping demonstrate a critical need to develop interventions that educate young people to reject e-cigarette use and promote cessation for current users. Vaping: Know the Truth (VKT) is a free digital learning experience prioritizing middle and high school students that aims to improve students' knowledge about the dangers of using e-cigarettes and provide quitting resources for those who already vape. The current study was designed to evaluate whether students receiving the curriculum increased knowledge of the dangers of vaping. METHODS The outcome measures were calculated as the change in the number of correct responses from the pre- to post-module assessments among middle and high school students who completed four modules of the VKT curriculum (N = 103,522). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between the student's pre-module assessment score and the knowledge change score after completion of the four modules. RESULTS Students' e-cigarette knowledge significantly improved by an average of 3.24 points (SD = 3.54), following implementation of the VKT curriculum. This indicates that participants answered more than 3 additional questions correctly, on average, after the intervention. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate that the Vaping: Know the Truth curriculum is an effective resource for increasing knowledge among youth about the harms associated with e-cigarette use. Further research is needed to evaluate whether the intervention is associated with behavioral outcomes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Hair
- Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth K Do
- Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Lien
- Professional Data Analysts, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Donna Vallone
- Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Patanavanich R, Worawattanakul M, Glantz S. Longitudinal bidirectional association between youth electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in Thailand. Tob Control 2024; 33:310-316. [PMID: 36104174 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study quantifies the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and subsequent conventional cigarette initiation and vice versa among Thai youths. METHODS Data from a longitudinal survey of 6045 Thai seventh grade students with baseline in 2019 and the 12-month follow-up in 2020 were analysed using complex survey multivariate logistic regressions to assess whether e-cigarette use was associated with subsequent cigarette smoking (ever, current and dual product users at follow-up) among baseline never smokers. RESULTS Consistent with prior findings from other countries, among those who had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, ever e-cigarette users were more likely to try cigarette smoking (adjusted OR 4.44; 95% CI 2.23 to 8.86; p<0.001), or become dual users (adjusted OR 5.31; 95% CI 2.63 to 10.74; p<0.001) 1 year later. Baseline current e-cigarette users were more likely to become ever smokers (adjusted OR 5.37; 95% CI 1.82 to 15.90; p=0.005), current smokers (OR 3.92; 95% CI 1.69 to 9.14; p=0.003) and dual product users (adjusted OR 6.96; 95% CI 1.54 to 31.38; p=0.015) at the 12-month follow-up than non-e-cigarette users. Similarly, among never e-cigarette users at baseline, ever cigarette smoking were more likely to try e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.66 to 6.88; p=0.002), currently use e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.47 to 5.13; p=0.003) and currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (adjusted OR 4.87; 95% CI 2.92 to 8.13; p<0.001) at the follow-up than never smokers. Among never e-cigarette users at baseline, current-cigarette smoking were more likely to try e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 6.21; 95% CI 2.58 to 14.95; p<0.001), currently use e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.27 to 6.14; p=0.014) and currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (adjusted OR 7.70; 95% CI 3.45 to 17.19; p<0.001) at the follow-up than never smokers. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study in Asian low-income and middle-income countries supports the prospective association of youth e-cigarette use with subsequent smoking initiation and youth cigarette use with subsequent e-cigarette initiation that is similar to that observed in high-income Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roengrudee Patanavanich
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methavee Worawattanakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang Y, Fan W, Zhang G, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang L, Hou T, Hong H, You Z, Sun Q, Li R, Liu C. LRRK2 is involved in heat exposure-induced acute lung injury and alveolar type II epithelial cell dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123643. [PMID: 38428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat exposure induces excessive hyperthermia associated with systemic inflammatory response that leads to multiple organ dysfunction including acute lung injury. However, how heat impairs the lung remains elusive so far. We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism by focusing on leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which was associated with lung homeostasis. Both in vivo and in vitro models were induced by heat exposure. Firstly, heat exposure exerted core temperature (Tc) disturbance, pulmonary dysfunction, atelectasis, inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, and reduced surfactant proteins in the lung of mice. In addition, decreased LRRK2 expression and increased heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 were observed with heat exposure in both the lung of mice and alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2). Furthermore, LRRK2 inhibition aggravated heat exposure-initiated Tc dysregulation, injury in the lung and AT2 cells, and enhanced HSP70 expression. In conclusion, LRRK2 is involved in heat-induced acute lung injury and AT2 cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Hou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Aljohani FA, Alzubaidi BY, Al-Rafdan RH, Alblawi HM, Alrehayan RH, Alsenan GA, Almohaya HS, Taha MM. E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362233. [PMID: 38680785 PMCID: PMC11045981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of e-cigarettes is significantly increasing among adults as an alternative method to tobacco smoking. However, the chemical products of e-cigarettes have an influence on human general health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between e-cigarette use and psychological distress as well as participation in daily activities among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also evaluates the demographic profile and usage patterns of e-cigarette users. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 396 e-cigarette smokers in Riyadh city. An online survey was administered, including questions about smoking patterns and the perceived effects of e-cigarettes on activities of daily living. Additionally, mental health were assessed using the Kessler 6 scale. Results Most of the participants were educated young males (61.4%). About 29.5% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes primarily to quit tobacco cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarette usage was significantly associated with lower participation in activities of daily living and higher psychological distress. Conclusion This study found that many e-cigarette users are well-educated young individuals who use e-cigarettes as a substitute for traditional cigarettes. However, the study also revealed that using e-cigarettes is associated with negative effects on smokers' daily activities and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenoon Abdullah Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakriah Yahyaa Alzubaidi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Hamdan Al-Rafdan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mutiq Alblawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Hani Alrehayan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Abdulrahman Alsenan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Salman Almohaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ceasar RC, Braymiller JL, Kechter A, Simpson KA, Schiff SJ, Yamaguchi N, Barrington-Trimis JL. Perceiving E-Cigarettes as Safe and Safer Alternative to Cigarettes Among Young Adults. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:181-190. [PMID: 38281133 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults are using e-cigarettes at high rates. While the literature on the health risks associated with e-cigarettes is extensive and growing, little is known about young adults' thoughts and perceptions of the safety and harms of e-cigarettes. METHODS We conducted one-on-one interviews with young adults aged 18 to 25 years in Los Angeles, California between June 2018 and June 2019. We interviewed and audio-recorded young adults (N = 62) who consented to the study and self-reported to have used e-cigarettes on a weekly basis or more for at least 5 months prior to study enrollment. Interviews examined participants' thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to e-cigarette use. We audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded the interviews using grounded theory analysis methods. RESULTS Young adults often believed that e-cigarettes were safer than cigarettes and were safe to use, especially following positive vaping experiences. Young adults were skeptical of the available science on e-cigarette use and felt there was not conclusive data on the harms of e-cigarettes. In their selection of e-cigarettes over cigarettes, young adults felt they were making a conscious and healthier choice. Because young adults viewed e-cigarettes to be better for them based on their personal experiences with vaping, they felt e-cigarettes were a superior alternative to combustible tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Young adults in our study believed that the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use are not clearly understood and were generally skeptical of the research on e-cigarette harms. Policy, education, and anti-smoking campaigns need to clarify the negative health-related consequences of e-cigarette use for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carmen Ceasar
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Braymiller
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey A Simpson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Sara J Schiff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naosuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zamora Goicoechea J, Boughner A, Cirion Lee JJ, Mahajan A, Yeo K, Sproga M, Patel T, Saitta C, Russell C, Coughlan M, Caponnetto P, Polosa R. A Global Health Survey of People Who Vape but Never Smoked: Protocol for the VERITAS (Vaping Effects: Real-World International Surveillance) Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54236. [PMID: 38546715 PMCID: PMC11009848 DOI: 10.2196/54236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is only limited information about the health effects of regular vaping. Research on the health status of people who used to smoke faces the challenge that previous smoking may have caused unknown health effects. Only studies of people who vape but have never smoked combustible cigarettes can enable the detection of harms attributable to vaping. Large prospective studies of well-characterized electronic cigarette users with and without a history of combustible cigarette smoking are warranted to establish the long-term effects of regular vaping on respiratory health. OBJECTIVE We will conduct a global cross-sectional survey of individuals from 6 world regions. Respiratory symptoms will be assessed using a validated questionnaire-the Respiratory Symptom Experience Scale (RSES). Current vapers who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products will be compared with matched controls who are nonusers of vapes and other tobacco or nicotine products. METHODS This will be a multicountry, cross-sectional internet-based survey of 750 adults aged ≥18 years who satisfy the criteria for inclusion in either a cohort of people who exclusively vape and who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products ("vapers cohort"; target N=500) or a cohort of nonvapers who are also nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products ("controls cohort"; target N=250). The primary end point of the study is the RSES score. RSES scores of people in the "vapers cohort" will be compared with those of people in the "controls cohort." Additionally, the study will collect data to characterize patterns of vaping product use among the vapers cohort. Data collection will include information about the age initiation of using vape products, reasons for starting and continuing the use of vape products, specific types of products used, flavors and nicotine strengths of recently used products, as well as the frequency and intensity of product use in the past 30 days. RESULTS Participant recruitment started in April 2023, and enrollment was completed by November 2023 with 748 participants. Results will be reported in 2024. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study providing key insights into respiratory health effects associated with using electronic cigarettes in people who vape with no established use of combustible cigarettes or other tobacco or nicotine products. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Zamora Goicoechea
- International Network of Nicotine Consumer Organisations, Vejle, Denmark
- Asociación de Reducción de Daños del Tabaquismo, Bogota, Colombia
- Asociación de usuarios de vaporizadores y métodos de reducción de daños por tabaquismo de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Allison Boughner
- American Vapor Manufacturers, Prescott, AZ, United States
- South Carolina Vapor Association, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | | | - Kurt Yeo
- Vaping Saved My Life, Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa
- World Vapers Alliance, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Tasmin Patel
- Confidosoft Ltd, Leatherhead, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Section of Psychology, Department of Science of Education, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catana, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catana, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Glantz S, Lempert LK. Vuse Solo e-cigarettes do not provide net benefits to public health: a scientific analysis of FDA's marketing authorisation. Tob Control 2024; 33:e108-e115. [PMID: 36764683 PMCID: PMC10409877 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In October 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised marketing of RJ Reynolds Vapor Company's (RJR) Vuse Solo e-cigarette through FDA's Premarket Tobacco Product Application (PMTA) pathway. FDA concluded that RJR demonstrated Vuse products met the statutory standard of providing a net benefit to public health. A review of FDA's scientific justification reveals deficiencies: (1) not adequately considering Vuse's popularity with youth and evidence that e-cigarettes expanded the nicotine market and stimulate cigarette smoking; (2) trading youth addiction for unproven adult benefit without quantifying these risks and benefits; (3) not considering design factors that appeal to youth; (4) not addressing evidence that e-cigarettes used as consumer products do not help smokers quit and promote relapse in former smokers; (5) not discussing evidence that dual use is more dangerous than smoking; (6) narrowly focusing on the fact that e-cigarettes deliver lower levels of some toxicants without addressing direct evidence on adverse health effects; (7) downplaying significant evidence of other substantial harms; (8) not acting on FDA's own study showing no all-cause mortality benefit of reducing (but not stopping) cigarette use; and (9) improperly considering e-cigarettes' high abuse liability and potential for high youth addiction and undermining tobacco cessation. Because marketing these products is not appropriate for the protection of the public health, FDA should reconsider its Vuse marketing order as statutorily required and not use it as a template for other e-cigarette PMTAs. Policymakers outside the USA should anticipate that tobacco companies will use FDA's decision to try to weaken tobacco control regulation of e-cigarettes and promote their products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Kass Lempert
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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24
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Young RP, Scott RJ, Pattemore PK, Harding L. E-Cigarettes as a Smoking Cessation Aid - Has ASH Made a HASH of Its Stance on Nicotine-based Vaping? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:759-760. [PMID: 38271701 PMCID: PMC10945059 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202310-1851le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Young
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn J. Scott
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Letitia Harding
- Asthma and Respiratory Foundation NZ, Wellington, New Zealand
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25
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Zou W, Wang X, Yang N, Ni X, Zhao Z, Meng R, Ma H. The intention of college students to use electronic cigarettes: A study based on the theory of innovation diffusion. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-53. [PMID: 38496253 PMCID: PMC10941754 DOI: 10.18332/tid/185644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to examine the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among college students in Hangzhou, and to analyze the influencing factors of their intention to use e-cigarettes. METHODS Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 775 students from two universities in Hangzhou were selected for an on-site questionnaire survey from March to April 2022. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of use intention, based on innovation diffusion theory. RESULTS Within our sample of college students, 16.5% of students had tried e-cigarettes; 6.32% had used e-cigarettes in the past month, and 8.0% had the intention to use e-cigarettes. There were significant differences in willingness to use e-cigarettes among different genders, economic status, smoking status of close friends around them, and their own use of tobacco and alcohol (p<0.05). The logistic regression model showed that the observability of e-cigarettes (AOR=1.28; p<0.05), personal factors (AOR=1.39; p<0.05), and social systems (AOR=1.63; p<0.05), were all influencing factors of intention to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS College students in Hangzhou have a high intention to use e-cigarettes, and the impacts of the product itself, individual characteristics and the living environment are crucial. It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of tobacco knowledge at the social and family levels to reduce the occurrence of vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nongnong Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ni
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Glantz SA, Nguyen N, Oliveira da Silva AL. Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes. NEJM EVIDENCE 2024; 3:EVIDoa2300229. [PMID: 38411454 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes are promoted as less harmful than cigarettes. There has not been a direct comparison of health effects of e-cigarettes or dual use (concurrently using e-cigarettes and cigarettes) with those of cigarettes in the general population. METHODS: Studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO published through October 1, 2023, were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis if five or more studies were identified with a disease outcome. We assessed risk of bias with Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposure and certainty with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations. Outcomes with fewer studies were summarized but not pooled. RESULTS: We identified 124 odds ratios (94 cross-sectional and 30 longitudinal) from 107 studies. Pooled odds ratios for current e-cigarette versus cigarette use were not different for cardiovascular disease (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.14), stroke (0.73; 0.47 to 1.13), or metabolic dysfunction (0.99; 0.91 to 1.09) but were lower for asthma (0.84; 0.74 to 0.95), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.53; 0.38 to 0.74), and oral disease (0.87; 0.76 to 1.00). Pooled odds ratios for dual use versus cigarettes were increased for all outcomes (range, 1.20 to 1.41). Pooled odds ratios for e-cigarettes and dual use compared with nonuse of either product were increased (e-cigarette range, 1.24 to 1.47; dual use, 1.49 to 3.29). All included studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias. Results were generally not sensitive to study characteristics. Limited studies of other outcomes suggest that e-cigarette use is associated with additional diseases. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to reassess the assumption that e-cigarette use provides substantial harm reduction across all cigarette-caused diseases, particularly accounting for dual use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nhung Nguyen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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27
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Yayan J, Franke KJ, Biancosino C, Rasche K. Comparative systematic review on the safety of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114507. [PMID: 38331086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the health risks of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) compared to traditional cigarettes. It examines various studies and research on the subject to provide a comprehensive analysis of potential health risks associated with both smoking methods. METHODS The systematic review, incorporating searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to July 2023, examines the results obtained in relevant studies, and provides a critical discussion of the results. RESULTS E-cigarettes exhibit reduced exposure to harmful toxins compared to traditional cigarettes. CONCLUSION However, concerns persist regarding respiratory irritation and potential health risks, especially among youth, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, long-term research and protective legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Yayan
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Karl-Josef Franke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Infectiology, and Sleep Medicine, Märkische Clinics Health Holding Ltd, Clinic Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Christian Biancosino
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Thoracic Surgery, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kurt Rasche
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany
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28
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Bruno FP, Degani-Costa LH, Kandipudi KLP, Gushken F, Szlejf C, Tokeshi AB, Tehrani YF, Kaufman D, Kumar PSS, Jamir L, Benesch MG, Ryan MG, Lotay H, Fuld JP, Fidalgo TM. Medical Trainees' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Electronic Cigarettes and Hookah: A Multinational Survey Study. Respir Care 2024; 69:306-316. [PMID: 38416660 PMCID: PMC10984587 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use among youth raises questions about medical trainees' views of these products. We aimed to investigate medical trainees' knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarette and hookah use. METHODS We used data from a large cross-sectional survey of medical trainees in Brazil, the United States, and India. We investigated demographic and mental health aspects, history of e-cigarettes and tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarettes and hookah, and sources of information on e-cigarettes and hookah. Although all medical trainees were eligible for the original study, only senior students and physicians-in-training were included in the present analysis. RESULTS Of 2,036 senior students and physicians-in-training, 27.4% believed e-cigarette use to be less harmful than tobacco smoking. As for hookah use, 14.9% believed it posed a lower risk than cigarettes. More than a third of trainees did not acknowledge the risks of passive e-cigarette use (42.9%) or hookah smoking (35.1%). Also, 32.4% endorsed e-cigarettes to quit smoking, whereas 22.5% felt ill equipped to discuss these tobacco products with patients. Fewer than half recalled attending lectures on these topics, and their most common sources of information were social media (54.5%), Google (40.8%), and friends and relatives (40.3%). CONCLUSIONS Medical trainees often reported incorrect or biased perceptions of e-cigarettes and hookah, resorted to unreliable sources of information, and lacked the confidence to discuss the topic with patients. An expanded curriculum emphasis on e-cigarette and hookah use might be necessary because failing to address these educational gaps could risk years of efforts against smoking normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Bruno
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Helena Degani-Costa
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kesava Lakshmi Prasad Kandipudi
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gushken
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Szlejf
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana B Tokeshi
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmin F Tehrani
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Kaufman
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pentapati Siva Santosh Kumar
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Limalemla Jamir
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matthew Gk Benesch
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Morag G Ryan
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hardeep Lotay
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Fuld
- Drs Bruno, Tehrani, and Mr Kaufman are affiliated with the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York. Dr Bruno is affiliated with the Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. Drs Degani-Costa, Tokeshi, and Fidalgo are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. Drs Degani-Costa and Ms Gushken are affiliated with the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kandipudi is affiliated with the Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, India. Dr Szlejf is affiliated with the Department of Big Data, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Kumar is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India. Dr Jamir is affiliated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India. Drs Benesch and Ryan are affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Drs Lotay and Fuld are affiliated with the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dr Fidalgo is affiliated with the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tran DD, Davis JP, Ring C, Buch K, Fitzke RE, Pedersen ER. A Deeper Dive into Young Adults' Experiences with E-Cigarettes, E-Cigarette Cessation, and Transitioning to Cigarette Smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:937-946. [PMID: 38351608 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: E-cigarette use among young adults is prevalent, with some voicing their desire to quit using e-cigarettes but needing support to do so. Young adults who use e-cigarettes are at risk for progressing to smoking combustible cigarettes, placing them at risk for severe health consequences. Limited research exists describing young adults' lived experiences with using e-cigarettes, e-cigarette cessation, and progression to combustible cigarettes. Methods: Between July and August 2022, nine focus groups were conducted with 33 young adults who either (1) currently used e-cigarettes, (2) formerly used e-cigarettes, or (3) transitioned to cigarettes. Transcripts were coded and themes were identified independently by two research team members while a third researcher reviewed the coding and themes. Results: Participants described social influences, stress, and curiosity as primary reasons why they initiated e-cigarette use. The most reported negative experiences or consequences associated with e-cigarettes include the health effects, addiction, and financial costs. Participants who transitioned to cigarettes reported social influences, a desire to reduce or quit using e-cigarettes by replacing them with cigarettes, curiosity, and stress as the primary reasons for this progression to combustible cigarettes. Participants described barriers to quitting e-cigarettes, including social influences, withdrawal, and easy access to e-cigarettes, as well as facilitators of quitting, such as social support, change in environment, and finding healthier ways to manage stress. Conclusions: This qualitative work provides an in-depth look into factors that may be helpful in the development of prevention and intervention programs for both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colin Ring
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keegan Buch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McLeish AC, Walker KL, Hart JL. Emotion Dysregulation and E-Cigarette Expectancies among College Student E-Cigarette Users. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:920-927. [PMID: 38317024 PMCID: PMC11078561 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: E-cigarette outcome expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the expected consequences of e-cigarette use) are a key factor in motivating use. Emotion regulation difficulties have demonstrated significant associations with outcome expectancies; however, there has yet to be an examination of associations between specific emotion regulation difficulties and specific e-cigarette outcome expectancies, which could serve as targets for intervention efforts. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the unique predictive ability of specific emotion regulation difficulties in terms of e-cigarette outcome expectancies. Methods: Participants were 116 college student e-cigarette users (Mage = 19.72, SD = 1.88; 71.6% female) who completed self-report questionnaires for course credit. Results: Greater difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions and fewer difficulties accessing effective emotion regulation strategies were associated with positive reinforcement outcome expectancies. Greater emotion regulation difficulties in general were also associated with negative reinforcement outcome expectancies, though there were no significant individual predictors. Conclusion: These results suggest that greater emotion regulation difficulties are associated with mood-related e-cigarette outcome expectancies, and targeting emotion regulation difficulties, particularly difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset, may be useful to incorporate into intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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31
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Phandthong R, Wong M, Song A, Martinez T, Talbot P. Does vaping increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Paradoxically yes and no. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L175-L189. [PMID: 38147795 PMCID: PMC11280677 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00300.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the relationship between electronic cigarettes (ECs) and SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited and contradictory. Our objectives were to investigate the impact of EC aerosols on SARS-CoV-2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells and identify the causative chemical(s). Fully differentiated human bronchial epithelial tissues (hBETs) were exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to aerosols produced from JUUL "Virginia Tobacco" and BLU ECs, as well as nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), and benzoic acid, and infection was then evaluated with SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticles. Pseudoparticle infection of hBETs increased with aerosols produced from PG/VG, PG/VG plus nicotine, or BLU ECs; however, JUUL EC aerosols did not increase infection compared with controls. Increased infection in PG/VG alone was due to enhanced endocytosis, whereas increased infection in PG/VG plus nicotine or in BLU ECs was caused by nicotine-induced elevation of the aerosol's pH, which correlated with increased transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) activity. Notably, benzoic acid in JUUL aerosols mitigated the enhanced infection caused by PG/VG or nicotine, offering protection that lasted for at least 48 h after exposure. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that EC aerosols can impact susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection depending on their specific ingredients. PG/VG alone or PG/VG plus nicotine enhanced infection through different mechanisms, whereas benzoic acid in JUUL aerosols mitigated the increased infection caused by certain ingredients. These findings highlight the complex relationship between ECs and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of considering the specific aerosol ingredients when evaluating the potential effects of ECs on infection risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Data on the relationship between electronic cigarettes (ECs) and SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited and contradictory. We investigated the impact of EC aerosols and their ingredients on SARS-CoV-2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells. Our data show that specific ingredients in EC aerosols impact the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Propylene glycol (PG)/vegetable glycerin (VG) alone or PG/VG plus nicotine enhanced infection through different mechanisms, whereas benzoic acid in JUUL aerosols mitigated the increased infection caused by these ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Phandthong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Man Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Ann Song
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Teresa Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
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32
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Franzen K, Pankow W, Andreas S. [The e-cigarette - means of smoking cessation?]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:107-112. [PMID: 37989216 DOI: 10.1055/a-2194-5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
After several years of declining tobacco consumption, the number of smokers in Germany is currently stagnating or rising again. The reasons seem to be manifold, e. g. stress caused by the pandemic with social isolation, rising cost of living and war in Europe.With tobacco use still widespread in the German population, evidence-based tobacco cessation is rarely implemented.According to recent studies, e-cigarettes are involved in the pathogenesis of lung disease, cardiac and vascular damage. In addition, their ingredients also have carcinogenic effects. However, clinical studies on long-term use are not yet available.E-cigarettes as a consumer product are not superior to nicotine replacement products and addiction-reducing medications recommended in guidelines. In the therapeutic setting, they are slightly more effective than nicotine replacement products. However, they are usually consumed continuously and thus perpetuate nicotine dependence. Their use increases the risk of relapse to tobacco smoking.Despite the various new approaches, such as Internet-based offerings, app, etc., talks and pharmacotherapy are the gold standard and more effective than any therapy on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Franzen
- Medizinische Klinik III (Pneumologie), UKSH am Campus Lübeck
| | - Wulf Pankow
- Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukölln
- Corona-Behandlungszentrum Jafféstraße, Berlin
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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Kidane B, Kahnamoui S, Srinathan S, Liu R, Tan L, Morris M, Shawyer A, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD. Lung transcriptome of e-cigarette users reveals changes related to chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301623. [PMID: 38359961 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01623-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shana Kahnamoui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sadeesh Srinathan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richard Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melanie Morris
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anna Shawyer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Chandy M, Nishiga M, Wei TT, Hamburg NM, Nadeau K, Wu JC. Adverse Impact of Cannabis on Human Health. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:353-367. [PMID: 37582489 PMCID: PMC10947506 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis, the most commonly used recreational drug, is illicit in many areas of the world. With increasing decriminalization and legalization, cannabis use is increasing in the United States and other countries. The adverse effects of cannabis are unclear because its status as a Schedule 1 drug in the United States restricts research. Despite a paucity of data, cannabis is commonly perceived as a benign or even beneficial drug. However, recent studies show that cannabis has adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects and is linked with malignancy. Moreover, case reports have shown an association between cannabis use and neuropsychiatric disorders. With growing availability, cannabis misuse by minors has led to increasing incidences of overdose and toxicity. Though difficult to detect, cannabis intoxication may be linked to impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents. Overall, cannabis use is on the rise, and adverse effects are becoming apparent in clinical data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Hofmann JJ, Poulos VC, Zhou J, Sharma M, Parraga G, McIntosh MJ. Review of quantitative and functional lung imaging evidence of vaping-related lung injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1285361. [PMID: 38327710 PMCID: PMC10847544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1285361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pulmonary effects of e-cigarette use (or vaping) became a healthcare concern in 2019, following the rapid increase of e-cigarette-related or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) in young people, which resulted in the critical care admission of thousands of teenagers and young adults. Pulmonary functional imaging is well-positioned to provide information about the acute and chronic effects of vaping. We generated a systematic review to retrieve relevant imaging studies that describe the acute and chronic imaging findings that underly vaping-related lung structure-function abnormalities. Methods A systematic review was undertaken on June 13th, 2023 using PubMed to search for published manuscripts using the following criteria: [("Vaping" OR "e-cigarette" OR "EVALI") AND ("MRI" OR "CT" OR "Imaging")]. We included only studies involving human participants, vaping/e-cigarette use, and MRI, CT and/or PET. Results The search identified 445 manuscripts, of which 110 (668 unique participants) specifically mentioned MRI, PET or CT imaging in cases or retrospective case series of patients who vaped. This included 105 manuscripts specific to CT (626 participants), three manuscripts which mainly used MRI (23 participants), and two manuscripts which described PET findings (20 participants). Most studies were conducted in North America (n = 90), with the remaining studies conducted in Europe (n = 15), Asia (n = 4) and South America (n = 1). The vast majority of publications described case studies (n = 93) and a few described larger retrospective or prospective studies (n = 17). In e-cigarette users and patients with EVALI, key CT findings included ground-glass opacities, consolidations and subpleural sparing, MRI revealed abnormal ventilation, perfusion and ventilation/perfusion matching, while PET showed evidence of pulmonary inflammation. Discussion and conclusion Pulmonary structural and functional imaging abnormalities were common in patients with EVALI and in e-cigarette users with or without respiratory symptoms, which suggests that functional MRI may be helpful in the investigation of the pulmonary health effects associated with e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiahai Zhou
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maksym Sharma
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, London, ON, Canada
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marrissa J. McIntosh
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, London, ON, Canada
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Tackett AP, Urman R, Barrington-Trimis J, Liu F, Hong H, Pentz MA, Islam TS, Eckel SP, Rebuli M, Leventhal A, Samet JM, Berhane K, McConnell R. Prospective study of e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Thorax 2024; 79:163-168. [PMID: 37582630 PMCID: PMC11062480 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol contains volatile aldehydes, including flavourings and oxidant metals with known pulmonary toxicity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of e-cigarette use with symptoms of wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath (SOB) across 4 years of prospective data. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and past 30-day e-cigarette, cigarette and cannabis use in 2014 (wave 1; N=2094; mean age 17.3 years, SD=0.6 years). Follow-up information was collected in 2015 (wave 2; n=1609), 2017 (wave 3; n=1502) and 2018 (wave 4; n=1637) using online surveys. Mixed-effects logistic regression models evaluated associations of e-cigarette use with respiratory symptoms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Participants were mostly Hispanic white (51.8%) and evenly representative by sex (49.6% female; 50.4% male). Compared with never e-cigarette users, past 30-day e-cigarette users reported increased odds of wheeze (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.28, 2.56), bronchitic symptoms (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.58, 2.69) and SOB (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.23, 2.57), adjusting for study wave, age, sex, race, lifetime asthma diagnosis and parental education. Effect estimates were attenuated (wheeze (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.99, 2.01), bronchitic symptoms (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.18, 2.05), SOB (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.01, 2.18)), after adjusting additionally for current cigarette use, cannabis use and secondhand exposure to e-cigarettes/cigarettes/cannabis. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use in young adults was associated with respiratory symptoms, independent of combustible cannabis and cigarette exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Urman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hanna Hong
- Division of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Talat S Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meghan Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zięba S, Błachnio-Zabielska A, Maciejczyk M, Pogodzińska K, Szuta M, Lo Giudice G, Lo Giudice R, Zalewska A. Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942507. [PMID: 38217285 PMCID: PMC10802080 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking nicotine is considered to be one of the most harmful addictions, leading to the development of a number of health complications, including many pathologies in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on profiles of salivary lipids and lipid peroxidation products in the unstimulated and stimulated saliva of healthy young adults with a smoking habit of up to 3 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 3 groups of 25 smoking patients each and a control group matched for age, gender, and oral status. In saliva collected from patients from the study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and salivary lipid peroxidation products - malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) - were measured. The normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For comparison of the results, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. RESULTS We demonstrated that each type of smoking causes a decrease in the concentration of salivary lipids, and there was an increased concentration of salivary MDA and 4-HNE. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in the initial period of addiction leads to an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products through increased oxidative stress, leading to disturbance of the lipid balance of the oral cavity (eg, due to damage to cell membranes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zięba
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age. G. Barresi, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Cook S, Buszkiewicz JH, Levy DT, Meza R, Fleischer NL. Association between cigar use, with and without cigarettes, and incident diagnosed COPD: a longitudinal cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 38178199 PMCID: PMC10765880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While regular cigar smoking is believed to carry similar health risks as regular cigarette smoking, the impact of cigar use, alone or in combination with cigarettes, on obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association between exclusive and dual cigar and cigarette use and incident self-reported diagnosed COPD. METHODS This study used data from Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. Longitudinal data from adults aged 40 to 79 at Wave 1, without a pre-existing COPD diagnosis who participated at follow-up interview were analyzed. A time-varying current tobacco exposure, lagged by one wave and categorized as: (a) never/non-current use; (b) exclusive cigar use; (c) exclusive cigarette use; and (d) dual cigar/cigarette use. Multivariable models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race or ethnicity, education), clinical risk factors (asthma, obesity), and smoking-related confounders (second-hand smoke exposure, other combustible tobacco product use, e-cigarette use, time since quitting, cigarette pack-years). The incidence of self-reported diagnosed COPD was estimated using discrete-time survival models, using a general linear modeling (GLM) approach with a binomial distribution and a complementary log-log link function. RESULTS The analytic sample consisted of 9,556 adults with a mean (SD) age of 56 (10.4), who were predominately female (52.8%) and Non-Hispanic White (70.8%). A total of 906 respondents reported a diagnosis of COPD at follow-up. In the fully adjusted model, exclusive cigar use (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.77, 3.21) was not associated with increased COPD risk compared to non-use, while exclusive cigarette use (aHR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.93) and dual cigar/cigarette use (aHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.85) were. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive cigarette use and dual cigar/cigarette use were associated with diagnosed incident COPD. These results suggest that cigars, when used in combination with cigarettes, may be associated with poorer COPD health outcomes. Dual use may promote a higher likelihood of inhaling cigar smoke, and future research would benefit from examining whether inhalation of cigar smoke increases COPD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - James H Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David T Levy
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, USA
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Yamada H, Yamazaki Y, Takebayashi Y, Yazawa K, Sasanishi M, Motoda A, Nakamori M, Morino H, Takahashi T, Maruyama H. The long-term effects of heated tobacco product exposure on the central nervous system in a mouse model of prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38167640 PMCID: PMC10761999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as novel alternatives to conventional cigarettes (CCs), marketed by the tobacco industry as having a reduced potential for harm. Nevertheless, a significant dearth of information remains regarding the long-term effects of HTPs on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we sought to shed light on the repercussions of prolonged exposure to HTPs on the CNS, employing a mouse model mimicking prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study entailed subjecting App knock-in mice to 16 weeks of HTP exposure, administered 5 days per week, with serum cotinine concentration serving as confirmation of HTP exposure within this model. Histological analysis, aimed at assessing amyloid pathology, unveiled a minimal impact attributable to HTPs. However, exploration of differentially expressed genes in the cerebral cortex, using unadjusted p values, indicated an association between HTP exposure and non-inflammatory pathways, specifically linked to neurohypophyseal and neuropeptide hormone activity within the CNS. Of note, similar results have already been observed after exposure to CCs in vivo. Our study not only contributes insights into the potential non-inflammatory effects of HTPs within the context of AD pathogenesis but also underscores the significance of continued research to comprehend the full scope of their impact on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Yamada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Takebayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yazawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Sasanishi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuko Motoda
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Dalibalta S, Makhlouf Z, Rabah L, Samara F, Elsayed Y. A literature review addressing midwakh and e-cigarette use in the Gulf region. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:21. [PMID: 38110669 PMCID: PMC10728422 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A notable decrease in conventional cigarette smoking has been witnessed on a global scale. However, this decrease has been accompanied by an equally striking global increase in the consumption of alternative tobacco products (ATPs), namely e-cigarettes and midwakh in the Arabian Gulf region. A literature review was used to outline the chemical composition of these two ATPs and review their impacts on health. The study was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, MDPI, and WorldCat. The literature search included terms such as "e-cigarettes," "midwakh," "dokha," "heath impacts," "psychological effects," "social influences," and "cigarette smoking" with emphasis on literature from the Arabian Gulf region. Data shows that midwakh contains markedly high levels of tar, nicotine, and various compounds of notable effects on the human body. Similarly, it was found that e-cigarettes contain non-negligible amounts of nicotine and other chemical compounds that may not have been extensively investigated. Alarming reports of system-specific effects brought about by midwakh, and e-cigarette consumption, have been reported, although further research is needed to deduce the mechanism. We also discussed some of the social and psychological factors leading to their consumption within this population. Hence, this review raises questions around the safety of these two types of ATPs and encourages comprehensive studies globally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dalibalta
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Layal Rabah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Yehya Elsayed
- Advanced Research and Development, Fiber Media at Donaldson, Donaldson, MN, USA
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Alqahtani MM, Alenezi FK, Almeshari MA, Alanazi AM, Taleb ZB, Kalan MEE, Martinasek MP, McNab RJ, Culbreth R, Alotaibi M, Aljohani H, Goodfellow LT, Ismaeil TT, Algarni SS, Alotaibi TF, Alqahtani MK, Al-Ajel H, Alwadeai KS, Almutairi NS, Ford E. E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:168. [PMID: 38098748 PMCID: PMC10720266 DOI: 10.18332/tid/174660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is gaining popularity among adults. Monitoring e-cigarette-induced respiratory symptoms is crucial for both clinical and regulatory purposes. We systematically reviewed the current literature to understand the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and former smokers. METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. We included all English-language, empirical quantitative articles that explored the prevalence of e-cigarette-related respiratory symptoms. Random-effects models were utilized in conducting the meta-analyses. The quality of identified studies was evaluated using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO(#CRD42020165973). RESULTS The literature search identified 1240 references. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 168 studies were included in the final review. The majority of included studies reported a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms were prevalent among the exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and those who switched from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Further, out of the RCT studies, 5 were rated as good quality, while 3 were rated as fair. Among the observational studies, 24 were rated as good quality, and 9 were rated as fair. The two experimental studies were both rated as fair quality. CONCLUSIONS Continued monitoring of respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users is warranted. Due to the heterogeneity and inconsistencies among studies, which limit result interpretation and highlight the need for studies assessing causal inference, further research using robust study designs is essential. This will provide clinicians with comprehensive knowledge about the potential respiratory risks of e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, United States
| | - Faraj K. Alenezi
- Department of Anaesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Birmingham Acute Care Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed A. Almeshari
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Public Health Program, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, United States
| | | | - Mary P. Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - Rheese J. McNab
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, United States
| | - Rachel Culbreth
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Mansour Alotaibi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynda T. Goodfellow
- Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Taha T. Ismaeil
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Algarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq F. Alotaibi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mobarak K. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamoud Al-Ajel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, AlRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Khalid S. Alwadeai
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafea S. Almutairi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eric Ford
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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Deng H, Tang S, Yang F, Chen D, Bian Z, Wang Y, Tang G, Lee HK. Recent advances in the analysis of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols: Sample preparation and chromatographic characterization. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464495. [PMID: 37952386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage has risen dramatically worldwide in recent years. It has been publicized as a safer alternative to the conventional combustible cigarette. This, however, has not yet been supported by robust toxicological research evidence. Analysis of the chemical compositions of e-liquids and generated aerosols is an important step in evaluating the toxicity effects of e-cigarettes. Currently, a broad spectrum of analytical methods have been employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compositions of e-cigarette liquids and aerosols. The aim of this article is to review the advances in the chromatographic characterization of chemical composition of the latter in the recent five years. In addition, sample preparation methods for e-liquids and aerosols are surveyed and discussed. A study of the relevant literature indicates that, expectedly, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with a variety of detection systems, particularly mass spectrometry, have been the main analytical techniques used in this field. Sample preparation procedures primarily include headspace sampling, dilute-and-shoot approach, liquid-liquid extraction and sorbent-based extraction for e-liquids and for aerosols (the latter usually with laboratory-built collection devices). Some challenges of current e-cigarette analytical research, and an overview on prospective work are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212003, China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision, Kunming 650106, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, No.6 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212003, China; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Lee S, Xie Z, Xu E, Shao Y, Ossip DJ, Li D. Public perceptions of the FDA's marketing authorization of Vuse on Twitter/X. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280658. [PMID: 38026290 PMCID: PMC10654997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction On October 12, 2021, the FDA issued its first marketing granted orders for Vuse, the e-cigarette product by R.J. Reynolds Vapor Company. The public perceptions and reactions to the FDA's Vuse authorization are prevalent on social media platforms such as Twitter/X. We aim to understand public perceptions of the FDA's Vuse authorization in the US using Twitter/X data. Methods Through the Twitter/X streaming API (Application Programming Interface), 3,852 tweets between October 12, 2021, and October 23, 2021, were downloaded using the keyword of Vuse. With the elimination of retweets, irrelevant tweets, and tweets from other countries, the final dataset consisted of 523 relevant tweets from the US. Based on their attitudes toward the FDA authorization on Vuse, these tweets were coded into three major categories: positive, negative, and neutral. These tweets were further manually classified into different categories based on their contents. Results There was a large peak on Twitter/X mentioning FDA's Vuse authorization on October 13, 2021, just after the authorization was announced. Of the 523 US tweets related to FDA's Vuse authorization, 6.12% (n=32) were positive, 26.77% (n=140) were negative, and 67.11% (n=351) were neutral. In positive tweets, the dominant subcategory was Cessation Claims (n=18, 56.25%). In negative tweets, the topics Health Risk (n=43, 30.71%), Criticize Authorization (n=42, 30.00%), and Big Tobacco (n=40, 38.57%) were the major topics. News (n=271, 77.21%) was the most prevalent topic among neutral tweets. In addition, tweets with a positive attitude tend to have more likes. Discussion Public perceptions and discussions on Twitter/X regarding the FDA's Vuse authorization in the US showed that Twitter/X users were more likely to show a negative than a positive attitude with a major concern about health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lee
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Emily Xu
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Wang Y, Sung HY, Lightwood J, Yao T, Max WB. Healthcare utilisation and expenditures attributable to current e-cigarette use among US adults. Tob Control 2023; 32:723-728. [PMID: 35606163 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study estimated annual healthcare expenditures attributable to current e-cigarette use among US adults, including current exclusive and dual/poly e-cigarette use. METHODS Analysing the 2015-2018 National Health Interview Survey data, we estimated the impacts of e-cigarette use on healthcare utilisation among adults aged 18+ years. Healthcare utilisation outcomes were hospital nights, emergency room (ER) visits, doctor visits and home visits. Current e-cigarette use was categorised as exclusive and dual/poly e-cigarette use. The econometric model included two equations: health status as a function of e-cigarette use and other independent variables, and healthcare utilisation as a function of health status, e-cigarette use, and other independent variables. Using an 'excess utilisation' approach, we multiplied the e-cigarette-attributable fraction derived from the model by annual health expenditures to calculate healthcare expenditures attributable to current exclusive and dual/poly e-cigarette use, the sum of which were expenditures attributable to all current e-cigarette use. RESULTS Current exclusive and dual/poly e-cigarette use, with 0.2% and 3.5% prevalence in 2015-2018, were associated with higher odds of reporting poor health status than never tobacco users. Poor health status was associated with higher odds of using the four healthcare services and a greater number of ER and doctor visits. Annual healthcare expenditures attributable to all current e-cigarette use was $15.1 billion ($2024 per user) in 2018, including $1.3 billion attributable to exclusive e-cigarette use ($1796 per user) and $13.8 billion attributable to dual/poly e-cigarette use ($2050 per user). CONCLUSION Adult current e-cigarette use was associated with substantial excess healthcare utilisation and expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Wang
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai-Yen Sung
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Lightwood
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tingting Yao
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy B Max
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Auschwitz E, Almeda J, Andl CD. Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage. Cells 2023; 12:2552. [PMID: 37947630 PMCID: PMC10650279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has been reported to affect cell viability, induce DNA damage, and modulate an inflammatory response resulting in negative health consequences. Most studies focus on oral and lung disease associated with e-cigarette use. However, tissue damage can be found in the cardio-vascular system and even the bladder. While the levels of carcinogenic compounds found in e-cigarette aerosols are lower than those in conventional cigarette smoke, the toxicants generated by the heat of the vaping device may include probable human carcinogens. Furthermore, nicotine, although not a carcinogen, can be metabolized to nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are known carcinogens and have been shown to be present in the saliva of e-cig users, demonstrating the health risk of e-cigarette vaping. E-cig vape can induce DNA adducts, promoting oxidative stress and DNA damage and NF-kB-driven inflammation. Together, these processes increase the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This creates a microenvironment thought to play a key role in tumorigenesis, although it is too early to know the long-term effects of vaping. This review considers different aspects of e-cigarette-induced cellular changes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, DNA repair, inflammation, and the possible tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia D. Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Yanina IY, Genin VD, Genina EA, Mudrak DA, Navolokin NA, Bucharskaya AB, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3340. [PMID: 37958237 PMCID: PMC10650729 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The use of electronic cigarettes has become widespread in recent years. The use of e-cigarettes leads to milder pathological conditions compared to traditional cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, e-liquid vaping can cause morphological changes in lung tissue, which affects and impairs gas exchange. This work studied the changes in morphological and optical properties of lung tissue under the action of an e-liquid aerosol. To do this, we implemented the "passive smoking" model and created the specified concentration of aerosol of the glycerol/propylene glycol mixture in the chamber with the animal. (2) Methods: In ex vivo studies, the lungs of Wistar rats are placed in the e-liquid for 1 h. For in vivo studies, Wistar rats were exposed to the e-liquid vapor in an aerosol administration chamber. After that, lung tissue samples were examined ex vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectrometry with an integrating sphere. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were estimated for the control and experimental groups. Histological sections were made according to the standard protocol, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. (3) Results: Exposure to e-liquid in ex vivo and aerosol in in vivo studies was found to result in the optical clearing of lung tissue. Histological examination of the lung samples showed areas of emphysematous expansion of the alveoli, thickening of the alveolar septa, and the phenomenon of plasma permeation, which is less pronounced in in vivo studies than for the exposure of e-liquid ex vivo. E-liquid aerosol application allows for an increased resolution and improved imaging of lung tissues using OCT. Spectral studies showed significant differences between the control group and the ex vivo group in the spectral range of water absorption. It can be associated with dehydration of lung tissue owing to the hyperosmotic properties of glycerol and propylene glycol, which are the main components of e-liquids. (4) Conclusions: A decrease in the volume of air in lung tissue and higher packing of its structure under e-liquid vaping causes a better contrast of OCT images compared to intact lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu. Yanina
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Vadim D. Genin
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Mudrak
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (D.A.M.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Nikita A. Navolokin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (D.A.M.); (N.A.N.)
- Experimental Department, Center for Collective Use of Experimental Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- State Healthcare Institution, Saratov City Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named after Yu.Ya. Gordeev, 410017 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alla B. Bucharskaya
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (D.A.M.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Yury V. Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (V.D.G.); (E.A.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.B.B.); (Y.V.K.)
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 410028 Saratov, Russia
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Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, Christodorescu RM, Crawford C, Di Angelantonio E, Eliasson B, Espinola-Klein C, Fauchier L, Halle M, Herrington WG, Kautzky-Willer A, Lambrinou E, Lesiak M, Lettino M, McGuire DK, Mullens W, Rocca B, Sattar N. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4043-4140. [PMID: 37622663 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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Wong M, Martinez T, Tran M, Zuvia C, Gadkari A, Omaiye EE, Luo W, McWhirter KJ, Sha J, Kassem A, Wohlschlegel J, Talbot P. A synthetic coolant (WS-23) in disposable electronic cigarettes impairs cytoskeletal function in EpiAirway microtissues exposed at the air liquid interface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16906. [PMID: 37805554 PMCID: PMC10560211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of popular disposable electronic cigarettes (ECs) was analyzed, and the concentrations of WS-23, a synthetic coolant, in EC fluids were determined for 22 devices from 4 different brands. All products contained WS-23 in concentrations that ranged from 1.0 to 40.1 mg/mL (mean = 21.4 ± 9.2 mg/mL). To determine the effects of WS-23 on human bronchial epithelium in isolation of other chemicals, we exposed EpiAirway 3-D microtissues to WS-23 at the air liquid interface (ALI) using a cloud chamber that generated aerosols without heating. Proteomics analysis of exposed tissues revealed that the cytoskeleton was a major target of WS-23. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to WS-23 in submerged culture to validate the main results from proteomics. F-actin, which was visualized with phalloidin, decreased concentration dependently in WS-23 treated BEAS-2B cells, and cells became immotile in concentrations above 1.5 mg/mL. Gap closure, which depends on both cell proliferation and migration, was inhibited by 0.45 mg/mL of WS-23. These data show that WS-23 is being added to popular EC fluids at concentrations that can impair processes dependent on the actin cytoskeleton and disturb homeostasis of the bronchial epithelium. The unregulated use of WS-23 in EC products may harm human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Teresa Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mona Tran
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Cori Zuvia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Alisa Gadkari
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Esther E Omaiye
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Wentai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Kevin J McWhirter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Jihui Sha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ahmad Kassem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Lam DCL, Liam CK, Andarini S, Park S, Tan DSW, Singh N, Jang SH, Vardhanabhuti V, Ramos AB, Nakayama T, Nhung NV, Ashizawa K, Chang YC, Tscheikuna J, Van CC, Chan WY, Lai YH, Yang PC. Lung Cancer Screening in Asia: An Expert Consensus Report. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1303-1322. [PMID: 37390982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are highest in Asia compared with Europe and USA, with the incidence and mortality rates being 34.4 and 28.1 per 100,000 respectively in East Asia. Diagnosing lung cancer at early stages makes the disease amenable to curative treatment and reduces mortality. In some areas in Asia, limited availability of robust diagnostic tools and treatment modalities, along with variations in specific health care investment and policies, make it necessary to have a more specific approach for screening, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lung cancer in Asia compared with the West. METHOD A group of 19 advisors across different specialties from 11 Asian countries, met on a virtual Steering Committee meeting, to discuss and recommend the most affordable and accessible lung cancer screening modalities and their implementation, for the Asian population. RESULTS Significant risk factors identified for lung cancer in smokers in Asia include age 50 to 75 years and smoking history of more than or equal to 20 pack-years. Family history is the most common risk factor for nonsmokers. Low-dose computed tomography screening is recommended once a year for patients with screening-detected abnormality and persistent exposure to risk factors. However, for high-risk heavy smokers and nonsmokers with risk factors, reassessment scans are recommended at an initial interval of 6 to 12 months with subsequent lengthening of reassessment intervals, and it should be stopped in patients more than 80 years of age or are unable or unwilling to undergo curative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Asian countries face several challenges in implementing low-dose computed tomography screening, such as economic limitations, lack of efforts for early detection, and lack of specific government programs. Various strategies are suggested to overcome these challenges in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sita Andarini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Navneet Singh
- Lung Cancer Clinic, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Varut Vardhanabhuti
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio B Ramos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Division of Screening Assessment and Management, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Nguyen Viet Nhung
- Vietnam National Lung Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, VNU Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kazuto Ashizawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamsak Tscheikuna
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wai Yee Chan
- Imaging Department, Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur; Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeur-Hur Lai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan & National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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50
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Tran DD, Davis JP, Ring C, Buch K, Fitzke RE, Pedersen ER. Informing the development of interventions for e-cigarette use and prevention of transition to cigarette smoking in young adults: A qualitative study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102332. [PMID: 37519444 PMCID: PMC10382918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use in young individuals may increase risk for cigarette smoking initiation. Over half of young adults who use e-cigarettes voiced their desire to quit e-cigarettes. Mobile-based interventions may allow for an easy-to-use platform to engage young adults in cessation services and reduce risk for cigarette uptake. To inform development of such programs, this study sought to gather information about what young adults want to see included in e-cigarette cessation interventions that also target future smoking risk. Nine online focus groups (n = 33) were conducted in July and August 2022 with young adults who either (1) currently used e-cigarettes, (2) formerly used e-cigarettes, or (3) initiated nicotine use with e-cigarettes but subsequently smoked cigarettes (dual use). Two research team members independently coded the transcripts and identified themes. A third researcher independently reviewed the coding and thematic analysis. Participants believed that mobile-based interventions should include peer support, ways to track cessation progress, education about the harms of e-cigarettes, gamification, and incentivization. They also believed that to prevent future cigarette smoking, interventions need to include education about the harms of smoking, teach refusal skills for offers to smoke, and incorporate personal anecdotes from former smokers. To increase their readiness, motivation, and self-efficacy to quit, participants who continue to use e-cigarettes reported needing effective substitutions to replace e-cigarettes, barriers to hinder their access to e-cigarettes, and social support. Findings from this study may be useful to incorporate when developing interventions designed to reduce e-cigarette use and risk of progression to smoking for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D. Tran
- University of Southern, California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2250 Alcazar Street Suite #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Colin Ring
- Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Keegan Buch
- University of Southern, California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2250 Alcazar Street Suite #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Reagan E. Fitzke
- University of Southern, California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2250 Alcazar Street Suite #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eric R. Pedersen
- University of Southern, California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2250 Alcazar Street Suite #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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