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Sharman A, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, Silva CRDM, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina EV, Skoblina NA, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Solovieva YV, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stang A, Starc G, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Steinsbekk S, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suarez-Ortegón MF, Suebsamran P, Sugiyama M, Suka M, Sulo G, Sun CA, Sun L, Sund M, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Takuro F, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tessema M, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thrift AG, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Tomaszewski M, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Udoji N, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vatasescu R, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Viriyautsahakul N, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Vourli G, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Vuletić S, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang C, Wang H, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Wartha O, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wichstrøm L, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wirth JP, Wojtyniak B, Woldeyohannes M, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan L, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, Yépez García M, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Yotov Y, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zentai A, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmet P, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; 403:1027-1050. [PMID: 38432237 PMCID: PMC7615769 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. INTERPRETATION The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union.
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Bansal V, Winkelmann BR, Dietrich JW, Boehm BO. Whole-exome sequencing in familial type 2 diabetes identifies an atypical missense variant in the RyR2 gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1258982. [PMID: 38444585 PMCID: PMC10913019 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1258982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified several hundred loci associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, pathogenic variants in several genes are known to cause monogenic diabetes that overlaps clinically with T2DM. Whole-exome sequencing of related individuals with T2DM is a powerful approach to identify novel high-penetrance disease variants in coding regions of the genome. We performed whole-exome sequencing on four related individuals with T2DM - including one individual diagnosed at the age of 33 years. The individuals were negative for mutations in monogenic diabetes genes, had a strong family history of T2DM, and presented with several characteristics of metabolic syndrome. A missense variant (p.N2291D) in the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene was one of eight rare coding variants shared by all individuals. The variant was absent in large population databases and affects a highly conserved amino acid located in a mutational hotspot for pathogenic variants in Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Electrocardiogram data did not reveal any cardiac abnormalities except a lower-than-normal resting heart rate (< 60 bpm) in two individuals - a phenotype observed in CPVT individuals with RyR2 mutations. RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release contributes to glucose-mediated insulin secretion and pathogenic RyR2 mutations cause glucose intolerance in humans and mice. Analysis of glucose tolerance testing data revealed that missense mutations in a CPVT mutation hotspot region - overlapping the p.N2291D variant - are associated with complete penetrance for glucose intolerance. In conclusion, we have identified an atypical missense variant in the RyR2 gene that co-segregates with diabetes in the absence of overt CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Johannes W Dietrich
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Hospitals, Bochum, Germany
- Diabetes Center Bochum-Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Hattingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Weston CS, Boehm BO, Pozzilli P. Type 1 diabetes: A new vision of the disease based on endotypes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3770. [PMID: 38450851 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained largely unchanged for the last several years. The management of the disease remains primarily focused on its phenotypical presentation and less on endotypes, namely the specific biological mechanisms behind the development of the disease. Furthermore, the treatment of T1D is essentially universal and indiscriminate-with patients administering insulin at varying dosages and frequencies to maintain adequate glycaemic control. However, it is now well understood that T1D is a heterogeneous disease with many different biological mechanisms (i.e. endotypes) behind its complex pathophysiology. A range of factors, including age of onset, immune system regulation, rate of β-cell destruction, autoantibodies, body weight, genetics and the exposome are recognised to play a role in the development of the condition. Patients can be classified into distinct diabetic subtypes based on these factors, which can be used to categorise patients into specific endotypes. The classification of patients into endotypes allows for a greater understanding of the natural progression of the disease, giving rise to more accurate and patient-centred therapies and follow-up monitoring, specifically for other autoimmune diseases. This review proposes 6 unique endotypes of T1D based on the current literature. The recognition of these endotypes could then be used to direct therapeutic modalities based on patients' individual pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Sinclair Weston
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Dietrich JW, Abood A, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh FK, Spurgeon R, Thomas N, Boehm BO. A novel simple disposition index (SPINA-DI) from fasting insulin and glucose concentration as a robust measure of carbohydrate homeostasis. J Diabetes 2024. [PMID: 38169110 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The widely used dynamic disposition index, derived from oral glucose tolerance testing, is an integrative measure of the homeostatic performance of the insulin-glucose feedback control. Its collection is, however, time consuming and expensive. We, therefore, pursued the question if such a measure can be calculated at baseline/fasting conditions using plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose. METHODS A new fasting-based disposition index (structure parameter inference approach-disposition index [SPINA-DI]) was calculated as the product of the reconstructed insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR) times the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta). The novel index was evaluated in computer simulations and in three independent, multiethnic cohorts. The objectives were distribution in various populations, diagnostic performance, reliability and correlation to established physiological biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism. RESULTS Mathematical and in-silico analysis demonstrated SPINA-DI to mirror the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function and to represent an optimum of the homeostatic control. It significantly correlates to the oral glucose tolerance test based disposition index and other important physiological parameters. Furthermore, it revealed higher discriminatory power for the diagnosis of (pre)diabetes and superior retest reliability than other static and dynamic function tests of glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS SPINA-DI is a novel simple reliable and inexpensive marker of insulin-glucose homeostasis suitable for screening purposes and a wider clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W Dietrich
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Diabetes Centre Bochum/Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Hattingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
- Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Assjana Abood
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Diabetes Centre Bochum/Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Hattingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
- Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Riddhi Dasgupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Shajith Anoop
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Felix K Jebasingh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - R Spurgeon
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- King's College London, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, London, UK
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5
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Lagou V, Jiang L, Ulrich A, Zudina L, González KSG, Balkhiyarova Z, Faggian A, Maina JG, Chen S, Todorov PV, Sharapov S, David A, Marullo L, Mägi R, Rujan RM, Ahlqvist E, Thorleifsson G, Gao Η, Εvangelou Ε, Benyamin B, Scott RA, Isaacs A, Zhao JH, Willems SM, Johnson T, Gieger C, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Strawbridge RJ, Goel A, Rybin D, Albrecht E, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Corrêa IR, Farber-Eger E, Steinthorsdottir V, Uitterlinden AG, Munroe PB, Brown MJ, Schmidberger J, Holmen O, Thorand B, Hveem K, Wilsgaard T, Mohlke KL, Wang Z, Shmeliov A, den Hoed M, Loos RJF, Kratzer W, Haenle M, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Tan TM, Tomas A, Salem V, Barroso I, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Florez JC, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Njølstad I, Wichmann HE, Caulfield MJ, Khaw KT, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Whitfield JB, Martin NG, Montgomery G, Scapoli C, Tzoulaki I, Elliott P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Brittain EL, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Groop L, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Deganutti G, Demirkan A, Pers TH, Reynolds CA, Aulchenko YS, Kaakinen MA, Jones B, Prokopenko I. GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1448-1461. [PMID: 37679419 PMCID: PMC10484788 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Longda Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Liudmila Zudina
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karla Sofia Gutiérrez González
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Laboratory, Clinica Biblica Hospital, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alessia Faggian
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jared G Maina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petar V Todorov
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sodbo Sharapov
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Bioinformatics and System Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roxana-Maria Rujan
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ηe Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Εvangelos Εvangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Morris J Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian Schmidberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oddgeir Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epdiemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore and Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tricia M Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial College London Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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Carrasola XB, Bettiol H, Beutel ME, Beybey AF, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Biasch K, Lele ECB, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard AA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Magnazu MB, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boer JMA, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Boymatova K, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Briceño Y, Brinduse L, Brito M, Brophy S, Brug J, Bruno G, Bugge A, Buntinx F, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Caixeta RB, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano R, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Casas M, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes‐Loaiza M, Cesar JA, 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DeGennaro V, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Dereń K, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo A, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Fernández PD, Ripollés MPD, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Dominguez L, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Dong G, Dong Y, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Dragano N, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duleva VL, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dyussupova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Echeverría G, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ammari L, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Endevelt R, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Ergor G, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhradiyev I, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Sant’Angelo VF, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Fawzi WW, Feigl E, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari G, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fisberg M, Fischer K, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Fras Z, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furdela V, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Cuesta MG, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Gao P, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Mérida MJG, Solano MG, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, George R, Ghaderi E, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gieger C, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Glushkova N, Gluškova N, Godara R, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldberg M, Goltzman D, Gómez G, Gómez JHG, Gomez LF, Gómez SF, Gomula A, da Silva BGC, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, González-Alvarez AD, Gonzalez-Chica DA, González-Gil EM, Gonzalez-Gross M, 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Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Lachat C, Lackner KJ, Laid Y, Lall L, Lam TH, Jimenez ML, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Larissa SP, Latt TS, Laurenzi M, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Coroller G, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Leskošek B, Leszczak J, Leth-Møller KB, Leung GM, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim C, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Lingam V, Linkohr B, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo WC, Loit HM, Long KQ, Abril GL, Lopes L, Lopes MVV, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Łuszczki E, M’Buyamba-Kabangu JR, Ma G, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Macia E, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Madsen AL, Maestre GE, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Rao KM, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Manix MI, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manyanga T, Manzato E, Marcil A, Margozzini P, Mariño J, Markaki A, Markey O, Ioannidou EM, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Maruszczak K, Marventano S, Masala G, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matłosz P, Matsha TE, Matsudo V, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNairy ML, McNulty BA, Benchekor SM, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Melgarejo JD, Melkumova M, Mello J, Méndez F, Mendivil CO, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Menzano MT, Meshram II, Meto DT, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miłkowska K, Miller JC, Milushkina O, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi MR, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Montenegro Mendoza RA, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moosazadeh M, Mopa HT, Moradpour F, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morey F, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Moslem A, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mostafavi SA, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Movsesyan Y, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Muca F, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Münzel T, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Milanović SM, Musil V, Musinguzi G, Muyer MTMC, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Nalecz H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Naseri T, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nekkantti C, Nelis K, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Ng TP, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Ni MY, Nicolescu R, Nie P, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishi N, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, Nunes B, Nurk E, Nuwaha F, Nyirenda M, O’Neill TW, O’Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Odili AN, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Omar SM, Onat A, Ong SK, Onland-Moret NC, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, de Paiva KM, Pająk A, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Paoli M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Pareja RG, Park SW, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pattussi M, Pavlyshyn H, Pechlaner R, Pećin I, Pednekar MS, Pedro JM, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Kovtun OP, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pfeiffer N, Phall MC, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Platonova AG, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Polka NS, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Posch G, Poudyal A, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Prista A, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puiu M, Punab M, Qadir MS, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Quiroga-Padilla PJ, Bao TQ, Rach S, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajabov T, Rakhmatulloev S, Rakovac I, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramadan OPC, Ramires VV, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangelova LS, Rarra V, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Renner JDP, Repasy JA, Reuter CP, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Rho Y, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Richter A, Rigo F, Rigotti A, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito AI, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Roa RG, Robinson L, Robitaille C, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Rohner F, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rouzier V, Roy JGR, Ruano MH, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Moreno ER, Rusakova IA, Jonsson KR, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Saamel M, Sabanayagam C, Sabbaghi H, Sacchini E, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Saleva C, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Samoutian M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Rodríguez IS, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina LS, Santacruz E, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos O, Santos R, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schneider A, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schulze MB, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera G, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševčíková Ľ, Shalnova S, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, de Moura Silva CR, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina NA, Skodje G, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Jérome CS, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun CA, Sun L, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thuesen BH, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao YH, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojciech R, Wojtyniak B, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, García MY, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ezzati M. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development. Nature 2023; 615:874-883. [PMID: 36991188 PMCID: PMC10060164 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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Boehm BO, Kratzer W, Bansal V. Whole-genome sequencing of multiple related individuals with type 2 diabetes reveals an atypical likely pathogenic mutation in the PAX6 gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:89-96. [PMID: 36202929 PMCID: PMC9823100 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in more than 14 genes have been implicated in monogenic diabetes; however, a significant fraction of individuals with young-onset diabetes and a strong family history of diabetes have unknown genetic etiology. To identify novel pathogenic alleles for monogenic diabetes, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on four related individuals with type 2 diabetes - including one individual diagnosed at the age of 31 years - that were negative for mutations in known monogenic diabetes genes. The individuals were ascertained from a large case-control study and had a multi-generation family history of diabetes. Identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis revealed that the four individuals represent two sib-pairs that are third-degree relatives. A novel missense mutation (p.P81S) in the PAX6 gene was one of eight rare coding variants across the genome shared IBD by all individuals and was inherited from affected mothers in both sib-pairs. The mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid located in the paired-domain of PAX6 - a hotspot for missense mutations that cause aniridia and other eye abnormalities. However, no eye-related phenotype was observed in any individual. The well-established functional role of PAX6 in glucose-induced insulin secretion and the co-segregation of diabetes in families with aniridia provide compelling support for the pathogenicity of this mutation for diabetes. The mutation could be classified as "likely pathogenic" with a posterior probability of 0.975 according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines. This is the first PAX6 missense mutation that is likely pathogenic for autosomal-dominant adult-onset diabetes without eye abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard O. Boehm
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vikas Bansal
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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Dietrich JW, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh F, Kurian ME, Inbakumari M, Boehm BO, Thomas N. SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17659. [PMID: 36271244 PMCID: PMC9587026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modelling insulin-glucose homeostasis may provide novel functional insights. In particular, simple models are clinically useful if they yield diagnostic methods. Examples include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). However, limitations of these approaches have been criticised. Moreover, recent advances in physiological and biochemical research prompt further refinement in this area. We have developed a nonlinear model based on fundamental physiological motifs, including saturation kinetics, non-competitive inhibition, and pharmacokinetics. This model explains the evolution of insulin and glucose concentrations from perturbation to steady-state. Additionally, it lays the foundation of a structure parameter inference approach (SPINA), providing novel biomarkers of carbohydrate homeostasis, namely the secretory capacity of beta-cells (SPINA-GBeta) and insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR). These markers correlate with central parameters of glucose metabolism, including average glucose infusion rate in hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp studies, response to oral glucose tolerance testing and HbA1c. Moreover, they mirror multiple measures of body composition. Compared to normal controls, SPINA-GR is significantly reduced in subjects with diabetes and prediabetes. The new model explains important physiological phenomena of insulin-glucose homeostasis. Clinical validation suggests that it may provide an efficient biomarker panel for screening purposes and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W. Dietrich
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDiabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, NRW, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany ,Diabetes Centre Bochum-Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Im Vogelsang 5-11, 45527 Hattingen, NRW Germany ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XCentre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, NRW Germany ,Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, NRW, Germany
| | - Riddhi Dasgupta
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Shajith Anoop
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Felix Jebasingh
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Mathews E. Kurian
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Mercy Inbakumari
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore ,grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany ,grid.240988.f0000 0001 0298 8161Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nihal Thomas
- grid.11586.3b0000 0004 1767 8969Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
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Suo M, Rommelfanger MK, Chen Y, Amro EM, Han B, Chen Z, Szafranski K, Chakkarappan SR, Boehm BO, MacLean AL, Rudolph KL. Age-dependent effects of Igf2bp2 on gene regulation, function, and aging of hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Blood 2022; 139:2653-2665. [PMID: 35231105 PMCID: PMC11022928 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth signaling to impairments in the function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during aging. The Lin28b/Hmga2 pathway controls tissue development, and the postnatal downregulation of this pathway limits the self-renewal of adult vs fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Igf2bp2 is an RNA binding protein downstream of Lin28b/Hmga2, which regulates messenger RNA stability and translation. The role of Igf2bp2 in HSC aging is unknown. In this study, an analysis of wild-type and Igf2bp2 knockout mice showed that Igf2bp2 regulates oxidative metabolism in HSPCs and the expression of metabolism, protein synthesis, and stemness-related genes in HSCs of young mice. Interestingly, Igf2bp2 expression and function strongly declined in aging HSCs. In young mice, Igf2bp2 deletion mimicked aging-related changes in HSCs, including changes in Igf2bp2 target gene expression and impairment of colony formation and repopulation capacity. In aged mice, Igf2bp2 gene status had no effect on these parameters in HSCs. Unexpectedly, Igf2bp2-deficient mice exhibited an amelioration of the aging-associated increase in HSCs and myeloid-skewed differentiation. The results suggest that Igf2bp2 controls mitochondrial metabolism, protein synthesis, growth, and stemness of young HSCs, which is necessary for full HSC function during young adult age. However, Igf2bp2 gene function is lost during aging, and it appears to contribute to HSC aging in 2 ways: the aging-related loss of Igf2bp2 gene function impairs the growth and repopulation capacity of aging HSCs, and the activity of Igf2bp2 at a young age contributes to aging-associated HSC expansion and myeloid skewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Suo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Megan K. Rommelfanger
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yulin Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elias Moris Amro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Bing Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Karol Szafranski
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - K. Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Ammanath G, Delachi CG, Karabacak S, Ali Y, Boehm BO, Yildiz UH, Alagappan P, Liedberg B. Colorimetric and Fluorometric Profiling of Advanced Glycation End Products. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:94-103. [PMID: 34964349 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Profiling of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is an emerging area of clinical significance for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Typically, concentrations of AGEs are estimated in laboratories by trained personnel using sophisticated equipment. Herein, a facile approach for colorimetric and fluorometric profiling of AGEs is reported for rapid and on-site analysis. The concentrations of AGE levels in plasma are estimated via changes in optical properties of polythiophenes (PTs) upon interaction with aptamers (Apts) in the presence and in the absence of AGEs. To validate the proposed approach, glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (AGE class 1 [AGE1]), the biomarker associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are used as a model system. Colorimetric analysis yielded linear responses for AGE1 for clinically relevant concentration ranges between 1.5 and 300 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼1.3 μg/mL. Subsequently, an approach utilizing PTs with four different pendant groups in conjunction with four different Apts is demonstrated for qualitative colorimetric profiling and for quantitative fluorometric profiling of up to four AGEs in clinical matrices. Principal component analysis (PCA) of fluorometric responses of AGE-spiked samples yielded distinct responses for the different AGEs tested. Thus, the proposed approach ascertains rapid profiling of spiked AGEs in plasma samples without the requirement of preanalytical processing and advanced instrumentation, thereby facilitating on-site diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ammanath
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Giorgia Delachi
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soner Karabacak
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Palaniappan Alagappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
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Teo CB, Tan PY, Lee SX, Khoo J, Tan JG, Ang SF, Tan SH, Tay TL, Tan E, Lim SC, Boehm BO, Loh WJ. Insulin Allergy to Detemir Followed by Rapid Onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:844040. [PMID: 35350098 PMCID: PMC8958006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.844040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of diabetes mellitus in an insulin-dependent patient is challenging in the setting of concomitant antibody-mediated-insulin hypersensitivity. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus of 10 years duration who developed type 3 hypersensitivity reaction to insulin analogue detemir, and subsequently, severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). She was C-peptide negative and was diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes. Despite increasing dose adjustments, insulin-meal matching, and compliance with insulin, she experienced episodes of unexpected hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. The development of rash after detemir initiation and rapid progression to DKA suggests an aberrant immune response leading to the insulin allergy and antibody-induced interference with insulin analogues. Glycaemic control in the patient initially improved after being started on subcutaneous insulin infusion pump with reduced insulin requirements. However, after a year on pump therapy, localised insulin hypersensitivity reactions started, and glycaemic control gradually deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Boon Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pek Yan Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Xian Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joan Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Guan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Fen Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Hwa Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tunn Lin Tay
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eberta Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) European Repository, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wann Jia Loh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Wann Jia Loh,
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Dalan R, Bornstein SR, Boehm BO. Cushing's Disease Management: Glimpse Into 2051. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943993. [PMID: 35872988 PMCID: PMC9299426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advancements are expected in medicine and healthcare in the 21st century- "Digital Age", mainly due to the application of data technologies and artificial intelligence into healthcare. In this perspective article we share a short story depicting the future Cushings' Disease patient and the postulated diagnostic and management approaches. In the discussion, we explain the advances in recent times which makes this future state plausible. We postulate that endocrinology care will be completely reinvented in the Digital Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Rinkoo Dalan,
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Avi S, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Jørgensen MB, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Romdhane HB, Benedics J, Benet M, Bergh IH, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bhutta ZA, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Lele ECB, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Brophy S, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Rahim NCA, Li Chee M, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Re Saavedra MÁD, Dallongeville J, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Jr DeGennaro V, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Dereń K, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Dragano N, Drygas W, Li Duan J, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, la Peña JED, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Sant'Angelo VF, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldberg M, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, da Silva BGC, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo XH, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutiérrez-González E, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hange D, Hanif AAM, Hantunen S, Hao J, Kumar RH, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, dos Santos Henrique R, Henriques A, Cadena LH, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huiart L, Petrescu CH, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Jóźwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Simina IJ, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kampmann FB, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karakosta A, Kårhus LL, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Boker LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw KT, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratenova J, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou CP, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Coroller G, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu L, Lo WC, Loit HM, Long KQ, Lopes L, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, 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Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Moreno ER, Rusakova IA, Jonsson KR, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sacchini E, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safiri S, Saki N, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Samoutian M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina LS, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševcíková L, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran M, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, 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Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thomas N, Thuesen BH, Tichá L, Timmermans EJ, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Torheim LE, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Md Yusof S, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Ko Zaw K, Zdrojewski T, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Ezzati M, Filippi S. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. eLife 2021; 10:e60060. [PMID: 33685583 PMCID: PMC7943191 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nayu Ikeda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital
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- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Ahmadi
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamel Ajlouni
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics
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- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
| | | | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health
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- Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto
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- Tel-Aviv University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith Benedics
- Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yufang Bi
- Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Breda
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
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- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
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- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research
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- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Dankner
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research
| | | | | | | | - Luc Dauchet
- University of Lille
- Lille University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Li Duan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anar Dushpanova
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel
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- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mihai Gafencu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Goldberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Paris University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yin Guo
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
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- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
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- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning
| | - Yuna He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Henriques
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto
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- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
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- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
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- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease
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- PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
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- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | - Vera Lanska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Liu
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
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- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Maggi
- Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council
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- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | - Päivi Mäki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaume Marrugat
- CIBERCV
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Mi
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - GK Mini
- Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie Moitry
- University of Strasbourg
- Strasbourg University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Motta
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud
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- Banska Bystrica Regional Authority of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keiu Nelis
- National Institute for Health Development
| | - Liis Nelis
- National Institute for Health Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yury P Nikitin
- SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Marianna Noale
- Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eha Nurk
- National Institute for Health Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyungwon Oh
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Claes Ohlsson
- University of Gothenburg
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Panza
- IRCCS Ente Ospedaliero Specializzato in Gastroenterologia S. de Bellis
| | | | | | - Suyeon Park
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | - Ionela M Pascanu
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raluca M Pop
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures
| | | | - Miquel Porta
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Puiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manu Raj
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafel Ramos
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Rito
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nader Saki
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Savvas Savva
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health
| | - Mathilde Savy
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aletta E Schutte
- University of New South Wales
- The George Institute for Global Health
| | | | | | | | - Abhijit Sen
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liam Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lela Sturua
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucjan Szponar
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Traissac
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | | | - Oanh TH Trinh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilad Twig
- Tel-Aviv University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunice Ugel
- Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anette Varbo
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | - Tomas Vega
- Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucie Viet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ningli Wang
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adelheid Weber
- Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogdan Wojtyniak
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Woo
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jianfeng Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Haiquan Xu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
| | | | | | - Weili Yan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Educational Development Co. Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Zeng
- Peking University
- Duke University
| | | | | | - Dong Zhao
- Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | | | - Wenhua Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Shiqi Zhen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | - Maigeng Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dan Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Marie Zins
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Paris University
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14
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Lian X, Dalan R, Seow CJ, Liew H, Jong M, Chew D, Lim B, Lin A, Goh E, Goh C, Othman NB, Tan L, Boehm BO. Diabetes Care During COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore Using a Telehealth Strategy. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:191-196. [PMID: 33530117 DOI: 10.1055/a-1352-5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Singapore currently has one of highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia. To curb the further spread of COVID-19, Singapore government announced a temporary nationwide lockdown (circuit breaker). In view of restrictions of patients' mobility and the enforcement of safe distancing measures, usual in-person visits were discouraged. Here we describe how diabetes care delivery was ad hoc redesigned applying a telehealth strategy. We describe a retrospective assessment of subjects with diabetes, with and without COVID-19 infection, during the circuit breaker period of 7th April to 1st June 2020 managed through Tan Tock Seng Hospital's telehealth platform. The virtual health applications consisted of telephone consultations, video telehealth visits via smartphones, and remote patient monitoring. The TTSH team intensively managed 298 diabetes patients using a telehealth strategy. The group comprised of (1) 84 inpatient COVID-19 patients with diabetes who received virtual diabetes education and blood glucose management during their hospitalisation and follow-up via phone calls after discharge and (2) 214 (n=192 non-COVID; n=22 COVID-positive) outpatient subjects with suboptimal glycaemic control who received intensive diabetes care through telehealth approaches. Remote continuous glucose monitoring was applied in 80 patients to facilitate treatment adjustment and hypoglycaemia prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic situation mooted an immediate disruptive transformation of healthcare processes. Virtual health applications were found to be safe, effective and efficient to replace current in-person visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherng Jye Seow
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michelle Jong
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Chew
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anita Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eunice Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Christina Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Lucy Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Dalan R, Boehm BO. The implications of COVID-19 infection on the endothelium: A metabolic vascular perspective. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3402. [PMID: 32871617 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Abstract
Crossing the intestinal epithelial cell barrier safely and reaching the blood with therapeutic levels of bioactive insulin have been the ultimate goal of oral insulin delivery. The optimum way to overcome the barrier lies in the design of an efficient high drug loading carrier, that can protect insulin from the harsh Gastrointestinal (GI) environment and enhance its uptake and transport by epithelial cells. In the present study, we developed a multi-layered insulin loading strategy on an anionic nanoliposome surface based on electrostatic interaction with chitosan. The layer-by-layer (LbL) coated nanoliposomes achieved high insulin loading (10.7% by weight) and offered superior protection with limited release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (about 6% in 1 h), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) (2% in two weeks), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (5% in two weeks). Intracellular imaging revealed that the LbL coated liposomes were internalized and intracellularly trafficked towards the basolateral side of the Caco-2 monolayer. Transported insulin demonstrated retention of bioactivity while crossing the epithelial barrier in the glucose uptake study in 3T3 L1-MBX adipocytes. In rat studies, oral administration of the formulation resulted in rapid absorption with a peak in plasma insulin levels 0.5 h post oral gavaging. This technology thus serves as a promising platform for potential oral insulin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Blk N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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Lagou V, Mägi R, Hottenga JJ, Grallert H, Perry JRB, Bouatia-Naji N, Marullo L, Rybin D, Jansen R, Min JL, Dimas AS, Ulrich A, Zudina L, Gådin JR, Jiang L, Faggian A, Bonnefond A, Fadista J, Stathopoulou MG, Isaacs A, Willems SM, Navarro P, Tanaka T, Jackson AU, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Bielak LF, Webster RJ, Saxena R, Stafford JM, Pourcain BS, Timpson NJ, Salo P, Shin SY, Amin N, Smith AV, Li G, Verweij N, Goel A, Ford I, Johnson PCD, Johnson T, Kapur K, Thorleifsson G, Strawbridge RJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fall T, Fraser RM, Mahajan A, Kanoni S, Giedraitis V, Kleber ME, Silbernagel G, Meyer J, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ganna A, Sarin AP, Yengo L, Shungin D, Luan J, Horikoshi M, An P, Sanna S, Boettcher Y, Rayner NW, Nolte IM, Zemunik T, Iperen EV, Kovacs P, Hastie ND, Wild SH, McLachlan S, Campbell S, Polasek O, Carlson O, Egan J, Kiess W, Willemsen G, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Dimitriou M, Hicks AA, Rauramaa R, Bandinelli S, Thorand B, Liu Y, Miljkovic I, Lind L, Doney A, Perola M, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Bennett AJ, Groves CJ, Herder C, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Faire UD, Bakker SJL, Uusitupa M, Palmer CNA, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Pouta A, Snieder H, Boerwinkle E, Pankow JS, Magnusson PK, Krus U, Scapoli C, de Geus EJCN, Blüher M, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Province MA, Abecasis GR, Meigs JB, Hovingh GK, Lindström J, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Dedoussis GV, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Tönjes A, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, März W, Metspalu A, Price JF, Deloukas P, Körner A, Lakka TA, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Bergman RN, Tuomilehto J, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Männistö S, Franks PW, Hayward C, Vitart V, Kaprio J, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Altshuler D, Rudan I, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, van Duijn CM, Gieger C, Illig T, Ferrucci L, Pedersen NL, Pramstaller PP, Boehnke M, Frayling TM, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Palmer LJ, Penninx BW, Meneton P, Harris TB, Navis G, Harst PVD, Smith GD, Forouhi NG, Loos RJF, Salomaa V, Soranzo N, Boomsma DI, Groop L, Tuomi T, Hofman A, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Siscovick DS, Watkins H, Lecoeur C, Vollenweider P, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Jarvelin MR, Stefansson K, Hamsten A, Nicholson G, Karpe F, Dermitzakis ET, Lindgren CM, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Kaakinen MA, Lyssenko V, Watanabe RM, Ingelsson E, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Barroso I, Morris AP, Prokopenko I. Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 33402679 PMCID: PMC7785747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke- Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jesper R Gådin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara M Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca J Webster
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departmentartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul C D Johnson
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Synpromics Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wieland Kiess
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Doney
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Dept of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- IMM Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MiI, USA
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, Division for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore and Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Units of Medicine and Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, UVSQ, UMRS 1018, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Geriatric Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for healthy ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and HPA-MRC Center, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institue of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.
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Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli MLC, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Danaei G, Chirita-Emandi A, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laxmaiah A, Malekzadeh R, Miranda JJ, Moon JS, Popovic SR, Sørensen TIA, Soric M, Starc G, Zainuddin AA, Gregg EW, Bhutta ZA, Black R, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdul Ghaffar S, Abdul Rahim HF, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Abubakar Garba J, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Aitmurzaeva G, Ajlouni K, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Allin K, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amiri P, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ängquist L, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Bæksgaard Jørgensen M, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Bennett JE, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bhutta ZA, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Brophy S, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro VJ, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo XH, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutiérrez-González E, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hange D, Hanif AAM, Hantunen S, Hari Kumar R, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, Henrique RDS, Henriques A, Hernandez Cadena L, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Holden Bergh I, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huidumac Petrescu C, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khang YH, Khaw KT, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Krtalic B, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou CP, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Lauria L, Laxmaiah A, Lazo-Porras M, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo WC, Loit HM, Long KQ, Lopes L, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Luszczki E, Ma G, Ma J, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Markidou Ioannidou E, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Menzano MT, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Milkowska K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monroy-Valle M, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moosazadeh M, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Mridha MK, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Music Milanovic S, Musil V, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen D, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Norat T, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoglu I, Nurk E, O'Neill TW, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Paiva KMD, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park SW, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, 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A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševcíková L, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran M, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skodje G, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Soric M, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Starc G, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanovic R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, 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X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zocalo Y, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. Lancet 2020; 396:1511-1524. [PMID: 33160572 PMCID: PMC7658740 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5-19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. FINDINGS We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9-10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes-gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both-occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. INTERPRETATION The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU.
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Peng WK, Chen L, Boehm BO, Han J, Loh TP. Molecular phenotyping of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus with point-of-care NMR system. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:11. [PMID: 33083002 PMCID: PMC7536436 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health burdens globally. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complication (e.g., cardiovascular event), remains poorly understood. We report a new approach to rapidly manipulate and evaluate the redox states of blood using a point-of-care NMR system. Various redox states of the hemoglobin were mapped out using the newly proposed (pseudo) two-dimensional map known as T1-T2 magnetic state diagram. We exploit the fact that oxidative stress changes the subtle molecular motion of water proton in the blood, and thus inducing a measurable shift in magnetic resonance relaxation properties. We demonstrated the clinical utilities of this technique to rapidly stratify diabetes subjects based on their oxidative status in conjunction to the traditional glycemic level to improve the patient stratification and thus the overall outcome of clinical diabetes care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine–Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Chen
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Ulm University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
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Yeasmin S, Ammanath G, Ali Y, Boehm BO, Yildiz UH, Palaniappan A, Liedberg B. Colorimetric Urinalysis for On-Site Detection of Metabolic Biomarkers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:31270-31281. [PMID: 32551533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, colorimetric assays have been developed for cost-effective and rapid on-site urinalysis. Most of these assays were employed for detection of biomarkers such as glucose, uric acid, ions, and albumin that are abundant in urine at micromolar to millimolar levels. In contrast, direct assaying of urinary biomarkers such as glycated proteins, low-molecular-weight reactive oxygen species, and nucleic acids that are present at significantly lower levels (nanomolar to picomolar) remain challenging due to the interferences from the urine sample matrix. State-of-the-art assays for detection of trace amounts of urinary biomarkers typically utilize time-consuming and equipment-dependent sample pretreatment or clean-up protocols prior to assaying, which limits their applicability for on-site analysis. Herein, we report a colorimetric assay for on-site detection of trace amount of generic biomarkers in urine without involving tedious sample pretreatment protocols. The detection strategy is based on monitoring the changes in optical properties of poly(3-(4-methyl-3'-thienyloxy)propyltriethylammonium bromide) upon interacting with an aptamer or a peptide nucleic acid in the presence and absence of target biomarkers of relevance for the diagnosis of metabolic complications and diabetes. As a proof of concept, this study demonstrates facile assaying of advanced glycation end products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and hepatitis B virus DNA in urine samples at clinically relevant concentrations, with limits of detection of ∼850 pM, ∼650 pM, and ∼ 1 nM, respectively. These analytes represent three distinct classes of biomarkers: (i) glycated proteins, (ii) low-molecular-weight reactive oxygen species, and (iii) nucleic acids. Hence, the proposed methodology is applicable for rapid detection of generic biomarkers in urine, without involving sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, thereby enabling on-site urinalysis. At the end of the contribution, we discuss the opportunity to translate the homogeneous assay into a paper-based format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Yeasmin
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Gopal Ammanath
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Benn M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhargava SK, Bi Y, Bienek A, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Boehm BO, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Bovet P, Brajkovich I, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Bruno G, Bugge A, Busch MA, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carvalho J, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Chadjigeorgiou CA, Chamukuttan S, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen S, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chiou ST, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cui L, Cureau FV, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du Y, Duante CA, Duda RB, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elosua R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Fattahi MR, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gupta R, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hantunen S, Kumar RH, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Hendriks ME, Henriques A, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Homayounfar R, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huisman M, Hunsberger ML, Husseini AS, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Iglesia I, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, al-Safi Ismail A, Iwasaki M, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jensen GB, Jeong SL, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Kamstrup PR, Karki KB, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khateeb M, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim HC, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kohler HP, Kohler IV, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kowlessur S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kyobutungi C, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou CP, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Laugsand LE, Lazo-Porras M, Lee J, Lee J, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Liu J, Loit HM, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Ma G, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Rao KM, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Mathiesen EB, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Merat S, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metcalf P, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michels N, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirrakhimov E, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio-Flores E, Moosazadeh M, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nihal T, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, O’Neill TW, O’Reilly D, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oh K, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olié V, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Parnell WR, Patel ND, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pigeot I, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Plata S, Pohlabeln H, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price JF, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Punab M, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Raitakari O, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribeiro R, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safiri S, Saidi O, Saki N, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Santos DA, Santos MP, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva SC, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schargrodsky H, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Sebert S, Sein AA, Sen A, Sepanlou SG, Servais J, Shakeri R, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Skaaby T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA, Jérome CS, Soumaré A, Sozmen K, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Suárez-Medina R, Sun CA, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tai ES, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tell GS, Tello T, Thankappan KR, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Toft U, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Traissac P, Trinh OTH, Truthmann J, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Venero-Fernández SJ, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Vidiawati D, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen A, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wedderkopp N, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yeow TP, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zali MR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Vrkic TZ, Zhang ZY, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhussupov B, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Gregg EW, Ezzati M. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. Nature 2020; 582:73-77. [PMID: 32494083 PMCID: PMC7332422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular risk-changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with coronavirus infections. Emerging evidence demonstrates an important direct metabolic and endocrine mechanistic link to the viral disease process. Clinicians need to ensure early and thorough metabolic control for all patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Hopkins
- Institute of Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Abstract
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading outbreak globally. Emerging evidence demonstrates that older individuals and people with underlying metabolic conditions of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 infects humans through the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor. The ACE-2 receptor is a part of the dual system renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) consisting of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis and ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis. In metabolic disorders and with increased age, it is known that there is an upregulation of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis with a downregulation of ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis. The activated ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis leads to pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects in respiratory system, vascular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, and insulin secretory defects with increased insulin resistance. On the other hand, the ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on the respiratory system and anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and protective effects on vascular function, protects against myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance. In effect, the balance between these two axes may determine the prognosis. The already strained ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas in metabolic disorders is further stressed due to the use of the ACE-2 by the virus for entry, which affects the prognosis in terms of respiratory compromise. Further evidence needs to be gathered on whether modulation of the renin angiotensin system would be advantageous due to upregulation of Mas activation or harmful due to the concomitant ACE-2 receptor upregulation in the acute management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Dresden, Germany
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life
Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London,
UK
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische
Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav
Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University
Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden,
Germany
| | - Alexander Markov
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University,
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus,
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische
Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich,
Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität
München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, Singapore
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Dalan R, Goh LL, Lim CJ, Seneviratna A, Liew H, Seow CJ, Xia L, Chew DEK, Leow MKS, Boehm BO. Impact of Vitamin E supplementation on vascular function in haptoglobin genotype stratified diabetes patients (EVAS Trial): a randomised controlled trial. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:13. [PMID: 32341356 PMCID: PMC7186220 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin E (Vit-E) may preferentially improve cardiovascular risk in haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp2-2) genotype diabetes individuals. We studied the impact of Vit-E supplementation on vascular function in diabetes individuals stratified by haptoglobin genotype in Singapore. METHODS In this 24-week, double blind, placebo-controlled RCT, we recruited 187 subjects (101 Hp2-2, 86 non-Hp2-2). INTERVENTION alpha-tocopherol-400 IU. PRIMARY OUTCOME Change in EndoPAT-derived reactive-hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx); Secondary Outcomes: Pulse-Wave velocity (Sphygmocor-PWV), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), inflammation (hsCRP), derivatives of reactive-oxygen metabolites (dROMs), biological antioxidant-potential (BAPs), HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C and oxidised LDL-C (ox-LDL). RESULTS Overall, with Vit-E supplementation no significant change in RHI, PWV, CIMT, hsCRP, dROMS, BAPs, HDL-C and HbA1c was observed (p > 0.05); an increase in LDL-C with concomitant decrease in ox-LDL, and incidentally increase in eGFR was observed (p < 0.05). No interaction effect with haptoglobin genotype was seen for all outcomes (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis: In the non-Hp-2-2 group, Vit-E supplementation led to a higher EndoPAT-derived AIx, accompanied by higher LDL and ox-LDL concentrations (p < 0.05); Hp2-2 group: Vit-E supplementation led to higher eGFR when compared to the non-Hp2-2 group (exploratory) (p < 0.05). We observed an interaction effect for baseline haptoglobin concentration (threshold > 119 mg/dl) with intervention in terms of increased EndoPAT-derived AIx in the Hp > 119 mg/dl group whereas no change in the group with Hp ≤ 119 mg/dl. CONCLUSION Vit-E supplementation did not show any preferential benefit or deleterious effect on vascular function in Hp2-2 diabetes subjects in Singapore. A possible deleterious effect of an increase in arterial stiffness in individuals with Hp > 119 mg/dl was observed. Future studies should consider personalisation based on baseline Hp concentrations in patients with T2DM rather than just Hp2-2 genotype to evaluate impact on the detailed lipid pathways, cardiac and renal physiology. The impact of ethnic differences needs to be explored in greater details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | - Cherng Jye Seow
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Xia
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel E K Chew
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin K S Leow
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Taddei C, Jackson R, Zhou B, Bixby H, Danaei G, Di Cesare M, Kuulasmaa K, Hajifathalian K, Bentham J, Bennett JE, Aekplakorn W, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, DeBacquer D, Giampaoli S, Gudnason V, Khang YH, Laatikainen T, Mann J, Marques-Vidal P, Mensah GA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ninomiya T, Petkeviciene J, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Servais J, Söderberg S, Stavreski B, Wilsgaard T, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Stevens GA, Savin S, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Ahrens W, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Anderssen SA, Ariansen I, Arveiler D, Aspelund T, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Bata I, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bennett JE, Bernotiene G, Bi Y, Bienek A, Björkelund C, Bo S, Boehm BO, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Bruno G, Busch MA, Cabrera de León A, Capuano V, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Censi L, Chen F, Chen S, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Cui L, D'Arrigo G, Dallongeville J, Dauchet L, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Smedt D, Dennison E, Deschamps V, DiCastelnuovo A, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Döring A, Drygas W, Du Y, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, Elosua R, Eriksson JG, Evans A, Faeh D, Felix-Redondo FJ, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrari M, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Goltzman D, GonzalezGross M, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gutzwiller F, Hardy R, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Herrala S, TapaniHihtaniemi I, Hobbs M, Hopman WM, MaríaHuerta J, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ikeda N, Iwasaki M, Jackson R, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jennings G, Jeong SL, QiangJiang C, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jóźwiak J, Kajantie EO, Kauhanen J, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kersting M, Khang YH, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kolle E, Korpelainen R, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Krokstad S, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kuulasmaa K, Laatikainen T, HingLam T, Lanska V, Lappas G, Laugsand LE, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lin X, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu J, Lopez-Garcia E, Lorbeer R, EugenioLozano J, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lytsy P, Ma G, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Mann J, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Mathiesen EB, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Metcalf P, Mi J, Miller JC, Moreno LA, Morin S, Mossakowska M, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nauck M, MariaNavarrete-Muñoz E, Neal WA, Nenko I, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Norie S, Noto D, O'Neill T, O'Reilly D, Oh K, Olafsson Ö, MichelPaccaud F, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Panza F, Parnell WR, Peltonen M, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Pigeot I, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Porta M, Price JF, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Radisauskas R, Raitakari O, Ramos R, Redon J, Rigo F, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez M, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Ruidavets JB, Rutkowski M, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sans S, Saramies JL, Saum KU, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Sebert S, Sen A, Servais J, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, WookShin D, Shiri R, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Söderberg S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Soumare A, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Tamosiunas A, JooTan E, Taylor A, Tell G, Thijs L, Tolonen H, Topór-Madry R, JoséTormo M, Torrent M, Tsugane S, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tzourio C, Uusitalo HMT, Van Herck K, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Veronesi G, Vioque J, Virtanen J, Visvikis-Siest S, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wagner A, Wagner A, Wang MD, Wang Q, XingWang Y, Wannamethee SG, Wei W, Whincup PH, Wiecek A, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong A, Woodward M, GiwercmanWu A, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Ye X, Yoshihara A, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Zhao W. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:173-192. [PMID: 31321439 PMCID: PMC7245049 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. METHODS We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. RESULTS Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. CONCLUSIONS HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
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Trojanowski BM, Salem HH, Neubauer H, Simon E, Wagner M, Dorajoo R, Boehm BO, Labriola L, Wirth T, Baumann B. Elevated β-cell stress levels promote severe diabetes development in mice with MODY4. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:323-337. [PMID: 31682591 PMCID: PMC6933809 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of monogenetic forms of diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in genes regulating β-cell development and function. MODY represents a heterogeneous group of non-insulin-dependent diabetes arising in childhood or adult life. Interestingly, clinical heterogeneity in MODY patients like variable disease onset and severity is observed even among individual family members sharing the same mutation, an issue that is not well understood. As high blood glucose levels are a well-known factor promoting β-cell stress and ultimately leading to cell death, we asked whether additional β-cell stress might account for the occurrence of disease heterogeneity in mice carrying a MODY4 mutation. In order to challenge β-cells, we established a MODY4 animal model based on Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) haploinsufficiency, which allows conditional modulation of cell stress by genetic inhibition of the stress-responsive IKK/NF-κB signalling pathway. While Pdx1+/- mice were found glucose intolerant without progressing to diabetes, additional challenge of β-cell function by IKK/NF-κB inhibition promoted rapid diabetes development showing hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and loss of β-cell mass. Disease pathogenesis was characterized by deregulation of genes controlling β-cell homeostasis and function. Importantly, restoration of normal IKK/NF-κB signalling reverted the diabetic phenotype including normalization of glycaemia and β-cell mass. Our findings implicate that the avoidance of additional β-cell stress can delay a detrimental disease progression in MODY4 diabetes. Remarkably, an already present diabetic phenotype can be reversed when β-cell stress is normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba H Salem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Baumann:
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Mishra R, Åkerlund M, Cousminer DL, Ahlqvist E, Bradfield JP, Chesi A, Hodge KM, Guy VC, Brillon DJ, Pratley RE, Rickels MR, Vella A, Ovalle F, Harris RI, Melander O, Varvel S, Hakonarson H, Froguel P, Lonsdale JT, Mauricio D, Schloot NC, Khunti K, Greenbaum CJ, Yderstræde KB, Tuomi T, Voight BF, Schwartz S, Boehm BO, Groop L, Leslie RD, Grant SFA. Genetic Discrimination Between LADA and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Within the MHC. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:418-425. [PMID: 31843946 PMCID: PMC6971787 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The MHC region harbors the strongest loci for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); however, the strength of association is likely attenuated compared with that for childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. In this study, we recapitulate independent effects in the MHC class I region in a population with type 1 diabetes and then determine whether such conditioning in LADA yields potential genetic discriminators between the two subtypes within this region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Chromosome 6 was imputed using SNP2HLA, with conditional analysis performed in type 1 diabetes case subjects (n = 1,985) and control subjects (n = 2,219). The same approach was applied to a LADA cohort (n = 1,428) using population-based control subjects (n = 2,850) and in a separate replication cohort (656 type 1 diabetes case, 823 LADA case, and 3,218 control subjects). RESULTS The strongest associations in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.44 [0.05]), as well as the independent effect of MHC class I genes, on type 1 diabetes risk, particularly HLA-B*39 (β [SE] = 1.36 [0.17]), were confirmed. The conditional analysis in LADA versus control subjects showed significant association in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.14 [0.06]); however, we did not observe significant independent effects of MHC class I alleles in LADA. CONCLUSIONS In LADA, the independent effects of MHC class I observed in type 1 diabetes were not observed after conditioning on the leading MHC class II associations, suggesting that the MHC class I association may be a genetic discriminator between LADA and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Mishra
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mikael Åkerlund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenyaita M Hodge
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vanessa C Guy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, FL
| | - Michael R Rickels
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Olle Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phillippe Froguel
- CNRS 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Didac Mauricio
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | | | | | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, and Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Systems, Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and Imperial College London, London, U.K.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard David Leslie
- Department of Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA .,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Flechtner-Mors M, Thoma U, Wittmann R, Boehm BO, Mors M, Steinacker JM, Schumann U. The Effect of Potato Protease Inhibitor II on Gastrointestinal Hormones and Satiety in Humans During Weight Reduction. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:521-534. [PMID: 32161479 PMCID: PMC7049780 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT It is questioned whether the potato protein protease inhibitor II (PI2) reduces appetite and exerts effects on the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). OBJECTIVE To investigate PI2 impact on gastrointestinal hormones and appetite measures during weight reduction. DESIGN In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial over 20 weeks, fifty-two overweight/obese participants (BMI 25.2-38.0 kg/m2) received a protein-rich diet (30%) adjusted to 500 kcal below their individual daily needs. Subjects ingested a capsule containing either PI2 (150 mg) or placebo twice daily 1 hr before lunch and dinner. At week 0 and week 10 participants joined breakfast test meals to determine CCK, GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, glucose and insulin concentrations in a time course experimental manner. Appetite sensations were measured on test meal days and in week 4, 9, 14 and 19 using visual analogue scales. RESULTS Weight loss at week 10 and 20 in the PI2 group was 4.3±3.1 kg and 5.6±4.1 kg, in the control group: 4.7±4.0 kg and 6.8±3.7 kg. A significant effect of PI2 on circulating CCK levels was observed at week 10. The other hormones were unaffected by PI2. At week 10, PI2 group subjects showed higher satiety and decreased desire to eat compared to placebo. During study duration, PI2 showed a significant impact on appetite ratings prior to lunch, one hour before dinner and just before dinner. CONCLUSION PI2 increased circulating CCK plasma levels during the diet intervention. Likewise, PI2 modulated appetite sensation from week 4 to 20. The study demonstrated that the PI2 can modulate a key satiety signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Flechtner-Mors
- University Medical Center Ulm, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: Marion Flechtner-Mors Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, Ulm89075, GermanyTel + 49 731 50045330Fax + 49 731 50045333 Email
| | - Ulrike Thoma
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Regina Wittmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona Mors
- University Medical Center Ulm, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- University Medical Center Ulm, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Schumann
- University Medical Center Ulm, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
This study characterizes the proportion of apps available in 2018 for self-management of type 2 diabetes that included goal-setting features, reminders to measure blood glucose, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia alerts, and action prompts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lum
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Geronimo Jimenez
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhilian Huang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Linh Thai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Monika Semwal
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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30
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Barthel A, Benker G, Berens K, Diederich S, Manfras B, Gruber M, Kanczkowski W, Kline G, Kamvissi-Lorenz V, Hahner S, Beuschlein F, Brennand A, Boehm BO, Torpy DJ, Bornstein SR. An Update on Addison's Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018; 127:165-175. [PMID: 30562824 DOI: 10.1055/a-0804-2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Addison's disease - the traditional term for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) - is defined as the clinical manifestation of chronic glucocorticoid- and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency due to failure of the adrenal cortex which may result in an adrenal crisis with potentially life-threatening consequences. Even though efficient and safe pharmaceutical preparations for the substitution of endogenous gluco- and mineralocorticoids are established in therapy, the mortality in patients with PAI is still increased and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often reduced.PAI is a rare disease but recent data report an increasing prevalence. In addition to the common "classical" causes of PAI like autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic and genetic disorders, other iatrogenic conditions - mostly pharmacological side effects (e. g., adrenal haemorrhage associated with anticoagulants, drugs affecting glucocorticoid synthesis, action or metabolism and some of the novel anti-cancer checkpoint inhibitors) are contributing factors to this phenomenon.Due to the rarity of the disease and often non-specific symptoms at least in the early stages, PAI is frequently not considered resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Successful therapy is mainly based on adequate patient education as a cornerstone in the prevention and management of adrenal crisis. A focus of current research is in the development of pharmacokinetically optimized glucocorticoid preparations as well as regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barthel
- Medicover, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Gruber
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kanczkowski
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg Kline
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB,Canada
| | - Virginia Kamvissi-Lorenz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Department of Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Brennand
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David J Torpy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.,Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Cousminer DL, Ahlqvist E, Mishra R, Andersen MK, Chesi A, Hawa MI, Davis A, Hodge KM, Bradfield JP, Zhou K, Guy VC, Åkerlund M, Wod M, Fritsche LG, Vestergaard H, Snyder J, Højlund K, Linneberg A, Käräjämäki A, Brandslund I, Kim CE, Witte D, Sørgjerd EP, Brillon DJ, Pedersen O, Beck-Nielsen H, Grarup N, Pratley RE, Rickels MR, Vella A, Ovalle F, Melander O, Harris RI, Varvel S, Grill VE, Hakonarson H, Froguel P, Lonsdale JT, Mauricio D, Schloot NC, Khunti K, Greenbaum CJ, Åsvold BO, Yderstræde KB, Pearson ER, Schwartz S, Voight BF, Hansen T, Tuomi T, Boehm BO, Groop L, Leslie RD, Grant SF, McCormack SE, Mitchell JA, Kelly A, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Shepherd JA, Oberfield SE, Gilsanz V, Zemel BS. First Genome-Wide Association Study of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Reveals Novel Insights Linking Immune and Metabolic Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:2396-2403. [PMID: 30254083 PMCID: PMC6196829 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) shares clinical features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the precise definition of LADA. Understanding its genetic basis is one potential strategy to gain insight into appropriate classification of this diabetes subtype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed the first genome-wide association study of LADA in case subjects of European ancestry versus population control subjects (n = 2,634 vs. 5,947) and compared against both case subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 2,454 vs. 968) and type 2 diabetes (n = 2,779 vs. 10,396). RESULTS The leading genetic signals were principally shared with type 1 diabetes, although we observed positive genetic correlations genome-wide with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we observed a novel independent signal at the known type 1 diabetes locus harboring PFKFB3, encoding a regulator of glycolysis and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes and inflammation and autophagy in autoimmune disease, as well as an attenuation of key type 1-associated HLA haplotype frequencies in LADA, suggesting that these are factors that distinguish childhood-onset type 1 diabetes from adult autoimmune diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the need for further investigations of the genetic factors that distinguish forms of autoimmune diabetes as well as more precise classification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rajashree Mishra
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mette K. Andersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mohammad I. Hawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Asa Davis
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kenyaita M. Hodge
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Kaixin Zhou
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Vanessa C. Guy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mikael Åkerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mette Wod
- Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Snyder
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemari Käräjämäki
- Vaasa Health Care Center and Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | | | - Cecilia E. Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Witte
- Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard E. Pratley
- Florida Hospital Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL
| | - Michael R. Rickels
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Valdemar E.R. Grill
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS 8199, Université Lille Nord de France, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Didac Mauricio
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | | | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ewan R. Pearson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | | | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems, Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Folkhälsan Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Imperial College, London, U.K
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. David Leslie
- Department of Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Bansal V, Boehm BO, Darvasi A. Identification of a missense variant in the WFS1 gene that causes a mild form of Wolfram syndrome and is associated with risk for type 2 diabetes in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2180-2188. [PMID: 30014265 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Wolfram syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome characterised by juvenile-onset diabetes and optic atrophy and is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the WFS1 gene. In a recent sequencing study, an individual with juvenile-onset diabetes was observed to be homozygous for a rare missense variant (c.1672C>T, p.R558C) in the WFS1 gene. The aim of this study was to perform the genetic characterisation of this variant and to determine whether it is causal for young-onset diabetes and Wolfram syndrome. METHODS We analysed the allele frequency of the missense variant in multiple variant databases. We genotyped the variant in 475 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 2237 control individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and analysed the phenotypes of homozygotes. We also investigated the association of this variant with risk for type 2 diabetes using genotype and sequence data for type 2 diabetes cases and controls. RESULTS The missense variant demonstrated an allele frequency of 1.4% in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, 60-fold higher than in other populations. Genotyping of this variant in 475 individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes identified eight homozygotes compared with none in 2237 control individuals (genotype relative risk 135.3, p = 3.4 × 10-15). The age at diagnosis of diabetes for these eight individuals (17.8 ± 8.3 years) was several times greater than for typical Wolfram syndrome (5 ± 4 years). Further, optic atrophy was observed in only one of the eight individuals, while another individual had the Wolfram syndrome-relevant phenotype of neurogenic bladder. Analysis of sequence and genotype data in two case-control cohorts of Ashkenazi ancestry demonstrated that this variant is also associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in heterozygotes (OR 1.81, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have identified a low-frequency coding variant in the WFS1 gene that is enriched in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals and causes a mild form of Wolfram syndrome characterised by young-onset diabetes and reduced penetrance for optic atrophy. This variant should be considered for genetic testing in individuals of Ashkenazi ancestry diagnosed with young-onset non-autoimmune diabetes and should be included in Ashkenazi carrier screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pradhan I, Cohen H, Wong-Noonan S, Wells D, Lakomy R, Tajima A, Bai S, Rudert W, Boehm BO, Trucco M, Hou HW, Fan Y. Rapid cell fractionation of whole immune organs using a novel microfluidic device. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.174.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Separation and isolation of specific cell populations from solid immune organs are essential steps in immunological research. While antibody-labeling based cell sorting techniques, such as FACS, offer the possibility of isolating rare cells from a large background population, the cost and lengthy preparation time associated with these approaches remain burdensome for many researchers. Here, we report a rapid partitioning method that allows the separation of immune cells based on their size and density using a novel, spiral designed, microfluidic device (MFD) (Hou et al., 2016)
Representing less than 0.5% of the total thymic cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the generation of diverse T cell populations, essential for acquired immunity. Due to their rarity, separating TECs from the large pool of thymocytes is challenging. Using a MFD, we achieved substantial enrichment of TECs (up to 20X), high cell recovery (>2.5X of the traditional density gradient method) and excellent cell viability (>90%) within 7 minutes/thymus. High-purity TEC populations were obtained through further depletion of CD45+ thymic stromal cells using MACS. Thymus organoids reconstructed with TECs can support the development of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro, proving the function of the isolated TECs.
In addition, MFD could also be utilized to separate immune cell subtypes from spleen and lymph nodes. Notably, significant enrichment of CDllc+ MHCII+ dendritic cells (~15X) was achieved without RBC lysis and antibody labeling. In conclusion, our data suggest that the MFD partitioning method is efficient and cost-effective for rapid size-based separation of immune cells from primary and secondary immune organs for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Wei Hou
- 2Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Tay HM, Dalan R, Li KHH, Boehm BO, Hou HW. A Novel Microdevice for Rapid Neutrophil Purification and Phenotyping in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Small 2018; 14:1702832. [PMID: 29168915 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction is strongly linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology, but the prognostic potential of neutrophil biomarkers remains largely unexplored due to arduous leukocyte isolation methods. Herein, a novel integrated microdevice is reported for single-step neutrophil sorting and phenotyping (chemotaxis and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis)) using small blood volumes (fingerprick). Untouched neutrophils are purified on-chip from whole blood directly using biomimetic cell margination and affinity-based capture, and are exposed to preloaded chemoattractant or NETosis stimulant to initiate chemotaxis or NETosis, respectively. Device performance is first characterized using healthy and in vitro inflamed blood samples (tumor necrosis factor alpha, high glucose), followed by clinical risk stratification in a cohort of subjects with T2DM. Interestingly, "high-risk" T2DM patients characterized by severe chemotaxis impairment reveal significantly higher C-reactive protein levels and poor lipid metabolism characteristics as compared to "low-risk" subjects, and their neutrophil chemotaxis responses can be mitigated after in vitro metformin treatment. Overall, this unique and user-friendly microfluidics immune health profiling strategy can significantly aid the quantification of chemotaxis and NETosis in clinical settings, and be further translated into a tool for risk stratification and precision medicine methods in subjects with metabolic diseases such as T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block N3, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Acuin C, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Akhtaeva N, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Al Buhairan F, Al Dhukair S, Ali MM, Ali O, Alkerwi A, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Andrade DS, Ängquist LH, Anjana RM, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arlappa N, Arveiler D, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Babu BV, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Romdhane HB, Benedics J, Benet M, Bennett JE, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bhatti Z, Bhutta ZA, Bi H, Bi Y, Biehl A, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana M, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carvalho MJ, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger TC, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crujeiras AB, Cucu A, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder K, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante C, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, la Peña JED, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Sant'Angelo VF, Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Fischer K, Flores EM, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galeone D, Galvano F, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghasemian A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Giwercman A, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, Gonzalez-Gross M, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Grujic V, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter M, Guo X, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Si-Ramlee K, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hardy R, Kumar RH, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Hayes AJ, He J, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hendriks ME, Henriques A, Cadena LH, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hihtaniemi IT, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Petrescu CH, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Irazola VE, Islam M, Ismail AAS, Ivkovic V, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou H, Jafar T, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarani J, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jeong SL, Jiang CQ, Jiménez-Acosta SM, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Jovic DP, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jureša V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Kasaeian A, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Boker LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khang YH, Khateeb M, Khaw KT, Khouw IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim J, Kim YY, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kuh D, Kujala UM, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Laugsand LE, Lauria L, Laxmaiah A, Bao KLN, Le TD, Lebanan MAO, Leclercq C, Lee J, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, León-Muñoz LM, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Loit HM, Lopes L, Lorbeer R, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lytsy P, Ma G, Ma J, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahaletchumy A, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Rao KM, Malyutina S, Manios Y, Mann JI, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Marques LP, Marques-Vidal P, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Yusof SM, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio EA, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Mota-Pinto A, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Mu TT, Muc M, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musil V, Nabipour I, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Neal WA, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Norat T, Norie S, Noto D, Nsour MA, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Oda E, Oehlers G, Oh K, Ohara K, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Oltarzewski M, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park SW, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Patel ND, Pecin I, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peeters PH, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Perez-Farinos N, Pérez CM, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, de Wit TFR, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robinson SM, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Saidi O, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina LS, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, dos Santos RN, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sein AA, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Serra-Majem L, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shiri R, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skovbjerg S, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Smith MC, Snijder MB, So HK, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Soric M, Jérome CS, Soumare A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Starc G, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Suárez-Medina R, Sun CA, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Tautu OF, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Tchibindat F, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Toselli S, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel EE, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, Wanderley RS, Wang MD, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong JYY, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang X, Yardim N, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoshihara A, You QS, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff F, Yusoff MFM, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Cisneros JZ, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Bilano V, Bixby H, Zhou B, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Taddei C, Hajifathalian K, Lu Y, Savin S, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, Chirita-Emandi A, Hayes AJ, Katz J, Kelishadi R, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laxmaiah A, Li Y, Ma J, Miranda JJ, Mostafa A, Neovius M, Padez C, Rampal L, Zhu A, Bennett JE, Danaei G, Bhutta ZA, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017; 390:2627-2642. [PMID: 29029897 PMCID: PMC5735219 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3623] [Impact Index Per Article: 517.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). FINDINGS Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. INTERPRETATION The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
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Bansal V, Gassenhuber J, Phillips T, Oliveira G, Harbaugh R, Villarasa N, Topol EJ, Seufferlein T, Boehm BO. Spectrum of mutations in monogenic diabetes genes identified from high-throughput DNA sequencing of 6888 individuals. BMC Med 2017; 15:213. [PMID: 29207974 PMCID: PMC5717832 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of monogenic as well as atypical forms of diabetes mellitus has important clinical implications for their specific diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. Single gene mutations that affect beta-cell function represent 1-2% of all cases of diabetes. However, phenotypic heterogeneity and lack of family history of diabetes can limit the diagnosis of monogenic forms of diabetes. Next-generation sequencing technologies provide an excellent opportunity to screen large numbers of individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes for mutations in disease-associated genes. METHODS We utilized a targeted sequencing approach using the Illumina HiSeq to perform a case-control sequencing study of 22 monogenic diabetes genes in 4016 individuals with type 2 diabetes (including 1346 individuals diagnosed before the age of 40 years) and 2872 controls. We analyzed protein-coding variants identified from the sequence data and compared the frequencies of pathogenic variants (protein-truncating variants and missense variants) between the cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 40 individuals with diabetes (1.8% of early onset sub-group and 0.6% of adult onset sub-group) were carriers of known pathogenic missense variants in the GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, ABCC8, and INS genes. In addition, heterozygous protein truncating mutations were detected in the GCK, HNF1A, and HNF1B genes in seven individuals with diabetes. Rare missense mutations in the GCK gene were significantly over-represented in individuals with diabetes (0.5% carrier frequency) compared to controls (0.035%). One individual with early onset diabetes was homozygous for a rare pathogenic missense variant in the WFS1 gene but did not have the additional phenotypes associated with Wolfram syndrome. CONCLUSION Targeted sequencing of genes linked with monogenic diabetes can identify disease-relevant mutations in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes not suspected of having monogenic forms of the disease. Our data suggests that GCK-MODY frequently masquerades as classical type 2 diabetes. The results confirm that MODY is under-diagnosed, particularly in individuals presenting with early onset diabetes and clinically labeled as type 2 diabetes; thus, sequencing of all monogenic diabetes genes should be routinely considered in such individuals. Genetic information can provide a specific diagnosis, inform disease prognosis and may help to better stratify treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | - Tierney Phillips
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Oliveira
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Harbaugh
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikki Villarasa
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Topol
- Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Scott RA, Scott LJ, Mägi R, Marullo L, Gaulton KJ, Kaakinen M, Pervjakova N, Pers TH, Johnson AD, Eicher JD, Jackson AU, Ferreira T, Lee Y, Ma C, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Qi L, Van Zuydam NR, Mahajan A, Chen H, Almgren P, Voight BF, Grallert H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ried JS, Rayner NW, Robertson N, Karssen LC, van Leeuwen EM, Willems SM, Fuchsberger C, Kwan P, Teslovich TM, Chanda P, Li M, Lu Y, Dina C, Thuillier D, Yengo L, Jiang L, Sparso T, Kestler HA, Chheda H, Eisele L, Gustafsson S, Frånberg M, Strawbridge RJ, Benediktsson R, Hreidarsson AB, Kong A, Sigurðsson G, Kerrison ND, Luan J, Liang L, Meitinger T, Roden M, Thorand B, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fox C, Liu CT, Rybin D, Isomaa B, Lyssenko V, Tuomi T, Couper DJ, Pankow JS, Grarup N, Have CT, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A, Cornelis MC, van Dam RM, Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Sun Q, Edkins S, Owen KR, Perry JRB, Wood AR, Zeggini E, Tajes-Fernandes J, Abecasis GR, Bonnycastle LL, Chines PS, Stringham HM, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Sennblad B, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Pechlivanis S, Baldassarre D, Gertow K, Humphries SE, Tremoli E, Klopp N, Meyer J, Steinbach G, Wennauer R, Eriksson JG, Mӓnnistö S, Peltonen L, Tikkanen E, Charpentier G, Eury E, Lobbens S, Gigante B, Leander K, McLeod O, Bottinger EP, Gottesman O, Ruderfer D, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Tonjes A, Maruthur NM, Scapoli C, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Stumvoll M, Deloukas P, Donnelly PJ, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Pedersen NL, Boehm BO, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Barroso I, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson E, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Cauchi S, Froguel P, Loos RJF, Balkau B, Boeing H, Franks PW, Barricarte Gurrea A, Palli D, van der Schouw YT, Altshuler D, Groop LC, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Sijbrands E, van Duijn CM, Florez JC, Meigs JB, Boerwinkle E, Gieger C, Strauch K, Metspalu A, Morris AD, Palmer CNA, Hu FB, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Dupuis J, Morris AP, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Prokopenko I. An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans. Diabetes 2017; 66:2888-2902. [PMID: 28566273 PMCID: PMC5652602 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Tune H Pers
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - John D Eicher
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Clement Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Natalie R Van Zuydam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics and Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision Health, School Biomedical Informatics, and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Peter Almgren
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Neil Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lennart C Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- PolyOmica, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Phoenix Kwan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pritam Chanda
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dorothee Thuillier
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Loic Yengo
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Thomas Sparso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Himanshu Chheda
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Frånberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gunnar Sigurðsson
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Denis Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David J Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter S Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Steinbach
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Central Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roman Wennauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mӓnnistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elodie Eury
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga McLeod
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Douglas Ruderfer
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Matthias Blüher
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tonjes
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, U.K
| | - Peter J Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stephane Cauchi
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, CESP, UMR 1018, Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Sud, UMR 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | | | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leif C Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing and Center for Medical Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics and Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Dorajoo R, Ali Y, Tay VSY, Kang J, Samydurai S, Liu J, Boehm BO. Single-cell transcriptomics of East-Asian pancreatic islets cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5024. [PMID: 28694456 PMCID: PMC5504042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) of pancreatic islets have reported on α- and β-cell gene expression in mice and subjects of predominantly European ancestry. We aimed to assess these findings in East-Asian islet-cells. 448 islet-cells were captured from three East-Asian non-diabetic subjects for scRNA-seq. Hierarchical clustering using pancreatic cell lineage genes was used to assign cells into cell-types. Differentially expressed transcripts between α- and β-cells were detected using ANOVA and in silico replications of mouse and human islet cell genes were performed. We identified 118 α, 105 β, 6 δ endocrine cells and 47 exocrine cells. Besides INS and GCG, 26 genes showed differential expression between α- and β-cells. 10 genes showed concordant expression as reported in rodents, while FAM46A was significantly discordant. Comparing our East-Asian data with data from primarily European subjects, we replicated several genes implicated in nuclear receptor activations, acute phase response pathway, glutaryl-CoA/tryptophan degradations and EIF2/AMPK/mTOR signaling. Additionally, we identified protein ubiquitination to be associated among East-Asian β-cells. We report on East-Asian α- and β-cell gene signatures and substantiate several genes/pathways. We identify expression signatures in East-Asian β-cells that perhaps reflects increased susceptibility to cell-death and warrants future validations to fully appreciate their role in East-Asian diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa S Y Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Kang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhagar Samydurai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore. .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Imperial College London, London, UK.
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39
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Mishra R, Chesi A, Cousminer DL, Hawa MI, Bradfield JP, Hodge KM, Guy VC, Hakonarson H, Mauricio D, Schloot NC, Yderstræde KB, Voight BF, Schwartz S, Boehm BO, Leslie RD, Grant SFA. Relative contribution of type 1 and type 2 diabetes loci to the genetic etiology of adult-onset, non-insulin-requiring autoimmune diabetes. BMC Med 2017; 15:88. [PMID: 28438156 PMCID: PMC5404312 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adulthood, autoimmune diabetes can present as non-insulin-requiring diabetes, termed as 'latent autoimmune diabetes in adults' (LADA). In this study, we investigated established type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) genetic loci in a large cohort of LADA cases to assess where LADA is situated relative to these two well-characterized, classic forms of diabetes. METHODS We tested the association of T1D and T2D GWAS-implicated loci in 978 LADA cases and 1057 non-diabetic controls of European ancestry using a linear mixed model. We then compared the associations of T1D and T2D loci between LADA and T1D and T2D cases, respectively. We quantified the difference in genetic risk between each given disease at each locus, and also calculated genetic risk scores to quantify how genetic liability to T1D and T2D distinguished LADA cases from controls. RESULTS Overall, our results showed that LADA is genetically more similar to T1D, with the exception of an association at the T2D HNF1A locus. Several T1D loci were associated with LADA, including the major histocompatibility complex region, as well as at PTPN22, SH2B3, and INS. Contrary to previous studies, the key T2D risk allele at TCF7L2 (rs7903146-T) had a significantly lower frequency in LADA cases, suggesting that this locus does not play a role in LADA etiology. When constrained on antibody status, the similarity between LADA and T1D became more apparent; however, the HNF1A and TCF7L2 observations persisted. CONCLUSION LADA is genetically closer to T1D than T2D, although the genetic load of T1D risk alleles is less than childhood-onset T1D, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex region, potentially accounting for the later disease onset. Our results show that the genetic spectrum of T1D extends into adult-onset diabetes, where it can clinically masquerade as T2D. Furthermore, T2D genetic risk plays a small role in LADA, with a degree of evidence for the HNF1A locus, highlighting the potential for genetic risk scores to contribute towards defining diabetes subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Mishra
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad I Hawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenyaita M Hodge
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa C Guy
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Didac Mauricio
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany.,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Richard David Leslie
- Department of Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. .,Department of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Room 1102D, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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40
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Tipthara P, Kunacheva C, Soh YNA, Wong SCC, Pin NS, Stuckey DC, Boehm BO. Global Profiling of Metabolite and Lipid Soluble Microbial Products in Anaerobic Wastewater Reactor Supernatant Using UPLC-MS E. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:559-570. [PMID: 28067053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Identification of soluble microbial products (SMPs) released during bacterial metabolism in mixed cultures in bioreactors is essential to understanding fundamental mechanisms of their biological production. SMPs constitute one of the main foulants (together with colloids and bacterial flocs) in membrane bioreactors widely used to treat and ultimately recycle wastewater. More importantly, the composition and origin of potentially toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic SMPs in renewable/reused water supplies must be determined and controlled. Certain classes of SMPs have previously been studied by GC-MS, LC-MS, and MALDI-ToF MS; however, a more comprehensive LC-MS-based method for SMP identification is currently lacking. Here we develop a UPLC-MS approach to profile and identify metabolite SMPs in the supernatant of an anaerobic batch bioreactor. The small biomolecules were extracted into two fractions based on their polarity, and separate methods were then used for the polar and nonpolar metabolites in the aqueous and lipid fractions, respectively. SMPs that increased in the supernatant after feed addition were identified primarily as phospholipids, ceramides, with cardiolipins in the highest relative abundance, and these lipids have not been previously reported in wastewater effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornpimon Tipthara
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - Yan Ni Annie Soh
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - Stephen C C Wong
- Waters Pacific Pte. Ltd. , Singapore Science Park 2, Singapore 117528
| | - Ng Sean Pin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
| | - David C Stuckey
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
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41
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Paul DS, Teschendorff AE, Dang MAN, Lowe R, Hawa MI, Ecker S, Beyan H, Cunningham S, Fouts AR, Ramelius A, Burden F, Farrow S, Rowlston S, Rehnstrom K, Frontini M, Downes K, Busche S, Cheung WA, Ge B, Simon MM, Bujold D, Kwan T, Bourque G, Datta A, Lowy E, Clarke L, Flicek P, Libertini E, Heath S, Gut M, Gut IG, Ouwehand WH, Pastinen T, Soranzo N, Hofer SE, Karges B, Meissner T, Boehm BO, Cilio C, Elding Larsson H, Lernmark Å, Steck AK, Rakyan VK, Beck S, Leslie RD. Increased DNA methylation variability in type 1 diabetes across three immune effector cell types. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13555. [PMID: 27898055 PMCID: PMC5141286 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has substantially increased over the past decade, suggesting a role for non-genetic factors such as epigenetic mechanisms in disease development. Here we present an epigenome-wide association study across 406,365 CpGs in 52 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T1D in three immune effector cell types. We observe a substantial enrichment of differentially variable CpG positions (DVPs) in T1D twins when compared with their healthy co-twins and when compared with healthy, unrelated individuals. These T1D-associated DVPs are found to be temporally stable and enriched at gene regulatory elements. Integration with cell type-specific gene regulatory circuits highlight pathways involved in immune cell metabolism and the cell cycle, including mTOR signalling. Evidence from cord blood of newborns who progress to overt T1D suggests that the DVPs likely emerge after birth. Our findings, based on 772 methylomes, implicate epigenetic changes that could contribute to disease pathogenesis in T1D. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing, potentially implicating non-genetic factors. Here the authors conduct an epigenome-wide association study in disease-discordant twins and find increased DNA methylation variability at genes associated with immune cell metabolism and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk S Paul
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- CAS Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Statistical Cancer Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mary A N Dang
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Robert Lowe
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mohammed I Hawa
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Simone Ecker
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Huriya Beyan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stephanie Cunningham
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Alexandra R Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Anita Ramelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frances Burden
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Samantha Farrow
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Sophia Rowlston
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Karola Rehnstrom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Stephan Busche
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Marie-Michelle Simon
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - David Bujold
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ernesto Lowy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Emanuele Libertini
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simon Heath
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo G Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sabine E Hofer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beate Karges
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.,Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrea K Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Vardhman K Rakyan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R David Leslie
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Abstract
The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined the associations of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype with C-reactive protein (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and carotid artery intima-media thickness, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and medications via logistic multivariate regression in 200 subjects (160 type 2 diabetes mellitus versus 40 healthy individuals). The prevalence of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype was 58% (115/200), higher in the Indians than in Chinese (72% versus 45%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype was associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [mean: 3.5 ± 3.9 versus 2.2 ± 2.6 mg/L (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p < 0.001], haptoglobin concentration [mean: 116.9 ± 54.4.0 versus 147.2 ± 54.5 mg/dL (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p < 0.001] and average carotid artery intima-media thickness (multiplied by 10) [6.15 ± 1.22 versus 5.98 ± 1.20 mm (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p = 0.013]. This pilot study shows an association of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype with low-grade inflammation, haptoglobin concentration and carotid artery intima-media thickness in multi-ethnic Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Liuh Ling Goh
- Clinical Research and Innovation Office, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiao Gao
- Clinical Research and Innovation Office, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
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43
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Verma NK, Fazil MHUT, Ong ST, Chalasani MLS, Low JH, Kottaiswamy A, P P, Kizhakeyil A, Kumar S, Panda AK, Freeley M, Smith SM, Boehm BO, Kelleher D. Correction: LFA-1/ICAM-1 Ligation in Human T Cells Promotes Th1 Polarization through a GSK3β Signaling–Dependent Notch Pathway. J I 2016; 197:2039-40. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Hou HW, Petchakup C, Tay HM, Tam ZY, Dalan R, Chew DEK, Li KHH, Boehm BO. Rapid and label-free microfluidic neutrophil purification and phenotyping in diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29410. [PMID: 27381673 PMCID: PMC4933935 DOI: 10.1038/srep29410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced management of dysmetabolic syndromes such as diabetes will benefit from a timely mechanistic insight enabling personalized medicine approaches. Herein, we present a rapid microfluidic neutrophil sorting and functional phenotyping strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using small blood volumes (fingerprick ~100 μL). The developed inertial microfluidics technology enables single-step neutrophil isolation (>90% purity) without immuno-labeling and sorted neutrophils are used to characterize their rolling behavior on E-selectin, a critical step in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. The integrated microfluidics testing methodology facilitates high throughput single-cell quantification of neutrophil rolling to detect subtle differences in speed distribution. Higher rolling speed was observed in T2DM patients (P < 0.01) which strongly correlated with neutrophil activation, rolling ligand P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) expression, as well as established cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and HbA1c). Rolling phenotype can be modulated by common disease risk modifiers (metformin and pravastatin). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed neutrophil rolling as an important functional phenotype in T2DM diagnostics. These results suggest a new point-of-care testing methodology, and neutrophil rolling speed as a functional biomarker for rapid profiling of dysmetabolic subjects in clinical and patient-oriented settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yang Tam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Kwang Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Imperial College London, UK
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45
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Winkler TW, Justice AE, Graff M, Barata L, Feitosa MF, Chu S, Czajkowski J, Esko T, Fall T, Kilpeläinen TO, Lu Y, Mägi R, Mihailov E, Pers TH, Rüeger S, Teumer A, Ehret GB, Ferreira T, Heard-Costa NL, Karjalainen J, Lagou V, Mahajan A, Neinast MD, Prokopenko I, Simino J, Teslovich TM, Jansen R, Westra HJ, White CC, Absher D, Ahluwalia TS, Ahmad S, Albrecht E, Alves AC, Bragg-Gresham JL, de Craen AJM, Bis JC, Bonnefond A, Boucher G, Cadby G, Cheng YC, Chiang CWK, Delgado G, Demirkan A, Dueker N, Eklund N, Eiriksdottir G, Eriksson J, Feenstra B, Fischer K, Frau F, Galesloot TE, Geller F, Goel A, Gorski M, Grammer TB, Gustafsson S, Haitjema S, Hottenga JJ, Huffman JE, Jackson AU, Jacobs KB, Johansson Å, Kaakinen M, Kleber ME, Lahti J, Mateo Leach I, Lehne B, Liu Y, Lo KS, Lorentzon M, Luan J, Madden PAF, Mangino M, McKnight B, Medina-Gomez C, Monda KL, Montasser ME, Müller G, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, Panoutsopoulou K, Pascoe L, Paternoster L, Rayner NW, Renström F, Rizzi F, Rose LM, Ryan KA, Salo P, Sanna S, Scharnagl H, Shi J, Smith AV, Southam L, Stančáková A, Steinthorsdottir V, Strawbridge RJ, Sung YJ, Tachmazidou I, Tanaka T, Thorleifsson G, Trompet S, Pervjakova N, Tyrer JP, Vandenput L, van der Laan SW, van der Velde N, van Setten J, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Verweij N, Vlachopoulou E, Waite LL, Wang SR, Wang Z, Wild SH, Willenborg C, Wilson JF, Wong A, Yang J, Yengo L, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Yu L, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Andersson EA, Bakker SJL, Baldassarre D, Banasik K, Barcella M, Barlassina C, Bellis C, Benaglio P, Blangero J, Blüher M, Bonnet F, Bonnycastle LL, Boyd HA, Bruinenberg M, Buchman AS, Campbell H, Chen YDI, Chines PS, Claudi-Boehm S, Cole J, Collins FS, de Geus EJC, de Groot LCPGM, Dimitriou M, Duan J, Enroth S, Eury E, Farmaki AE, Forouhi NG, Friedrich N, Gejman PV, Gigante B, Glorioso N, Go AS, Gottesman O, Gräßler J, Grallert H, Grarup N, Gu YM, Broer L, Ham AC, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hartman CA, Hassinen M, Hastie N, Hattersley AT, Heath AC, Henders AK, Hernandez D, Hillege H, Holmen O, Hovingh KG, Hui J, Husemoen LL, Hutri-Kähönen N, Hysi PG, Illig T, De Jager PL, Jalilzadeh S, Jørgensen T, Jukema JW, Juonala M, Kanoni S, Karaleftheri M, Khaw KT, Kinnunen L, Kittner SJ, Koenig W, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Krarup NT, Kratzer W, Krüger J, Kuh D, Kumari M, Kyriakou T, Langenberg C, Lannfelt L, Lanzani C, Lotay V, Launer LJ, Leander K, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu YP, Lobbens S, Luben R, Lyssenko V, Männistö S, Magnusson PK, McArdle WL, Menni C, Merger S, Milani L, Montgomery GW, Morris AP, Narisu N, Nelis M, Ong KK, Palotie A, Pérusse L, Pichler I, Pilia MG, Pouta A, Rheinberger M, Ribel-Madsen R, Richards M, Rice KM, Rice TK, Rivolta C, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Sarzynski MA, Scholtens S, Scott RA, Scott WR, Sebert S, Sengupta S, Sennblad B, Seufferlein T, Silveira A, Slagboom PE, Smit JH, Sparsø TH, Stirrups K, Stolk RP, Stringham HM, Swertz MA, Swift AJ, Syvänen AC, Tan ST, Thorand B, Tönjes A, Tremblay A, Tsafantakis E, van der Most PJ, Völker U, Vohl MC, Vonk JM, Waldenberger M, Walker RW, Wennauer R, Widén E, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wright AF, Zillikens MC, van Dijk SC, van Schoor NM, Asselbergs FW, de Bakker PIW, Beckmann JS, Beilby J, Bennett DA, Bergman RN, Bergmann S, Böger CA, Boehm BO, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Bornstein SR, Bottinger EP, Bouchard C, Chambers JC, Chanock SJ, Chasman DI, Cucca F, Cusi D, Dedoussis G, Erdmann J, Eriksson JG, Evans DA, de Faire U, Farrall M, Ferrucci L, Ford I, Franke L, Franks PW, Froguel P, Gansevoort RT, Gieger C, Grönberg H, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hall P, Hamsten A, van der Harst P, Hayward C, Heliövaara M, Hengstenberg C, Hicks AA, Hingorani A, Hofman A, Hu F, Huikuri HV, Hveem K, James AL, Jordan JM, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kajantie E, Kathiresan S, Kiemeney LALM, Kivimaki M, Knekt PB, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Koskinen S, Kuusisto J, Maerz W, Martin NG, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lehtimäki T, Lettre G, Levinson DF, Lind L, Lokki ML, Mäntyselkä P, Melbye M, Metspalu A, Mitchell BD, Moll FL, Murray JC, Musk AW, Nieminen MS, Njølstad I, Ohlsson C, Oldehinkel AJ, Oostra BA, Palmer LJ, Pankow JS, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen NL, Pedersen O, Penninx BW, Perola M, Peters A, Polašek O, Pramstaller PP, Psaty BM, Qi L, Quertermous T, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rauramaa R, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Rudan I, den Ruijter HM, Saltevo J, Sattar N, Schunkert H, Schwarz PEH, Shuldiner AR, Sinisalo J, Snieder H, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Staessen JA, Stefania B, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stumvoll M, Tardif JC, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Verbeek ALM, Vermeulen SH, Viikari JS, Vitart V, Völzke H, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Walker M, Wallaschofski H, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Zeggini E, Chakravarti A, Clegg DJ, Cupples LA, Gordon-Larsen P, Jaquish CE, Rao DC, Abecasis GR, Assimes TL, Barroso I, Berndt SI, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Fox CS, Groop LC, Hunter DJ, Ingelsson E, Kaplan RC, McCarthy MI, Mohlke KL, O'Connell JR, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Stefansson K, van Duijn CM, Hirschhorn JN, Lindgren CM, Heid IM, North KE, Borecki IB, Kutalik Z, Loos RJF. Correction: The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006166. [PMID: 27355579 PMCID: PMC4927064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.].
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46
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Verma NK, Fazil MHUT, Ong ST, Chalasani MLS, Low JH, Kottaiswamy A, P P, Kizhakeyil A, Kumar S, Panda AK, Freeley M, Smith SM, Boehm BO, Kelleher D. LFA-1/ICAM-1 Ligation in Human T Cells Promotes Th1 Polarization through a GSK3β Signaling–Dependent Notch Pathway. J I 2016; 197:108-18. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dalan R, Liew H, Assam PN, Chan ES, Siddiqui FJ, Tan AW, Chew DE, Boehm BO, Leow MK. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of targeted vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The DIMENSION trial. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:192-200. [PMID: 26818228 PMCID: PMC4834510 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115621667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine if vitamin D supplementation, to target 25(OH)D concentrations of 30-40 ng/mL, improves endothelial function in Singapore's multi-ethnic type 2 diabetes mellitus population. We randomised 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypovitaminosis D to cholecalciferol 4000 International Unit/matching placebo [baseline 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] or cholecalciferol 2000 International Unit/matching placebo [baseline 25(OH)D: 20-30 ng/mL] daily for 16 weeks with a down titration at 8 weeks if 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Endothelial function was assessed by peripheral tonometry (reactive hyperaemia index-endothelial peripheral arterial tonometry) and vascular biomarkers: E-selectin, von-Willebrand factor and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We compared the change from baseline parameters in the two groups using Student's t-test or Kruskal-Wallis test. A log-normal multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for relevant baseline variables. The median reactive hyperaemia index in the vitamin D group increased from 0.65 (interquartile range: 0.42) to 0.73 (interquartile range: 0.36), whereas it decreased from 0.73 (interquartile range: 0.65) to 0.65 (interquartile range: 0.38) (p = 0.02) in the placebo group. After adjustment for baseline variables, the change was not statistically significant for reactive hyperaemia index (p = 0.07) and for other vascular biomarkers (p > 0.05). Targeted vitamin D supplementation for 16 weeks resulted in a small but non-significant improvement in endothelial function in a type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore DUKE-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pryseley Nkouibert Assam
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edwin Sy Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fahad Javaid Siddiqui
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wk Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melvin Ks Leow
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore National Healthcare Group, Singapore
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Mellado-Gil JM, Jiménez-Moreno CM, Martin-Montalvo A, Alvarez-Mercado AI, Fuente-Martin E, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Lorenzo PI, Bru-Tari E, Herrera-Gómez IDG, López-Noriega L, Pérez-Florido J, Santoyo-López J, Spyrantis A, Meda P, Boehm BO, Quesada I, Gauthier BR. PAX4 preserves endoplasmic reticulum integrity preventing beta cell degeneration in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2016; 59:755-65. [PMID: 26813254 PMCID: PMC4779135 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A strategy to enhance pancreatic islet functional beta cell mass (BCM) while restraining inflammation, through the manipulation of molecular and cellular targets, would provide a means to counteract the deteriorating glycaemic control associated with diabetes mellitus. The aims of the current study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of such a target, the islet-enriched and diabetes-linked transcription factor paired box 4 (PAX4), to restrain experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD) in the RIP-B7.1 mouse model background and to characterise putative cellular mechanisms associated with preserved BCM. METHODS Two groups of RIP-B7.1 mice were genetically engineered to: (1) conditionally express either PAX4 (BPTL) or its diabetes-linked mutant variant R129W (mutBPTL) using doxycycline (DOX); and (2) constitutively express luciferase in beta cells through the use of RIP. Mice were treated or not with DOX, and EAD was induced by immunisation with a murine preproinsulin II cDNA expression plasmid. The development of hyperglycaemia was monitored for up to 4 weeks following immunisation and alterations in the BCM were assessed weekly by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence intensity (BLI). In parallel, BCM, islet cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Alterations in PAX4- and PAX4R129W-mediated islet gene expression were investigated by microarray profiling. PAX4 preservation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis was assessed using thapsigargin, electron microscopy and intracellular calcium measurements. RESULTS PAX4 overexpression blunted EAD, whereas the diabetes-linked mutant variant PAX4R129W did not convey protection. PAX4-expressing islets exhibited reduced insulitis and decreased beta cell apoptosis, correlating with diminished DNA damage and increased islet cell proliferation. Microarray profiling revealed that PAX4 but not PAX4R129W targeted expression of genes implicated in cell cycle and ER homeostasis. Consistent with the latter, islets overexpressing PAX4 were protected against thapsigargin-mediated ER-stress-related apoptosis. Luminal swelling associated with ER stress induced by thapsigargin was rescued in PAX4-overexpressing beta cells, correlating with preserved cytosolic calcium oscillations in response to glucose. In contrast, RNA interference mediated repression of PAX4-sensitised MIN6 cells to thapsigargin cell death. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The coordinated regulation of distinct cellular pathways particularly related to ER homeostasis by PAX4 not achieved by the mutant variant PAX4R129W alleviates beta cell degeneration and protects against diabetes mellitus. The raw data for the RNA microarray described herein are accessible in the Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE62846.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Mellado-Gil
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen María Jiménez-Moreno
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Alvarez-Mercado
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martin
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Bru-Tari
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Irene de Gracia Herrera-Gómez
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Florido
- Medical Genome Project, Genomics & Bioinformatics Platform of Andalusia, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Santoyo-López
- Medical Genome Project, Genomics & Bioinformatics Platform of Andalusia, Seville, Spain
- Edinburgh Genomics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andreas Spyrantis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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49
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Ram R, Mehta M, Nguyen QT, Larma I, Boehm BO, Pociot F, Concannon P, Morahan G. Systematic Evaluation of Genes and Genetic Variants Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility. J Immunol 2016; 196:3043-53. [PMID: 26912320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have found >60 loci that confer genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Many of these are defined only by anonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms: the underlying causative genes, as well as the molecular bases by which they mediate susceptibility, are not known. Identification of how these variants affect the complex mechanisms contributing to the loss of tolerance is a challenge. In this study, we performed systematic analyses to characterize these variants. First, all known genes in strong linkage disequilibrium (r(2) > 0.8) with the reported single nucleotide polymorphisms for each locus were tested for commonly occurring nonsynonymous variations. We found only a total of 22 candidate genes at 16 T1D loci with common nonsynonymous alleles. Next, we performed functional studies to examine the effect of non-HLA T1D risk alleles on regulating expression levels of genes in four different cell types: EBV-transformed B cell lines (resting and 6 h PMA stimulated) and purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We mapped cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci and found 24 non-HLA loci that affected the expression of 31 transcripts significantly in at least one cell type. Additionally, we observed 25 loci that affected 38 transcripts in trans. In summary, our systems genetics analyses defined the effect of T1D risk alleles on levels of gene expression and provide novel insights into the complex genetics of T1D, suggesting that most of the T1D risk alleles mediate their effect by influencing expression of multiple nearby genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ram
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Munish Mehta
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Quang T Nguyen
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Irma Larma
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921; Ulm University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
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50
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Wang Y, Oeztuerk S, Kratzer W, Boehm BO. A Nonclassical Monocyte Phenotype in Peripheral Blood is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Report from an EMIL Subcohort. Horm Metab Res 2016; 48:54-61. [PMID: 25853894 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the prototypic hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our study was designed to investigate the association between NAFLD and alteration in monocyte subsets as hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Seventy-three "Echinococcus Multilocularis and other medical diseases in Leutkirch" (EMIL) population-based cohort participants (mean observation period 11 years) were selected to study their monocyte phenotype by multiparameter flow cytometry. NAFLD was diagnosed using standard ultrasound based criteria excluding other causes of fatty liver disease. Three monocyte subsets ("classical" CD14++ CD16-, "intermediate" CD14++ CD16+, "nonclassical" CD14+CD16++ monocytes), and surface markers (CD36 and CD9) were determined. Classical risk markers covering inflammatory and dysmetabolic characters were also determined. Forty-three out of 73 subjects revealed a stable clinical phenotype, namely 17 subjects revealed NAFLD, whereas 26 subjects showed no fatty liver disease. Compared to the nonfatty liver group, the nonclassical monocyte fraction (p=0.049), total monocyte fraction and count were increased in NAFLD probands (p=0.028, and 0.035, respectively), while classical monocyte fraction (p=0.034) was decreased. Total monocyte fraction, nonclassical monocyte fraction, and waist circumstance were independent risk factors for NAFLD. The nonclassical monocyte fraction and classical monocyte fraction were significantly correlated with waist-to-hip ratio. This pilot long-term follow-up study suggests that nonclassical monocyte fraction and total monocyte fraction might have potential as a prognostic and modifiable biomarker in NFALD patients. This novel marker set might therefore be of interest to monitor druggable inflammatory pathways in individuals with hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - S Oeztuerk
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - W Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - B O Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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